Yoda

The Jedi Master known as Yoda (896 BBY–4 ABY), voiced by Frank Oz, is a fictional character in the Star Wars universe. He appears in all of the franchise's installments except for Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope. Like many names in Star Wars, the name "Yoda" has been supposed to be etymologically derived from some ancient language - in this case possibly from the Sanskrit yoddha ("warrior") and/or the Hebrew yodea ("one who knows"). Yoda's character is believed by some to have been inspired by the title character in the 1975 Russian-Japanese film Dersu Uzala directed by Akira Kurosawa.

Spoiler warning: Plot and/or ending details follow.

History

Early years

Yoda, standing only 2' 2" (66cm) tall, is one of the senior members of the Jedi Council and arguably the wisest and most powerful Jedi of his time, even toward his demise, though the toll of his great age is noticeable. Over his lifetime, Yoda trains several notable Jedi, including Count Dooku, Mace Windu, Obi-Wan Kenobi (partially, before Qui-Gon Jinn took over with Obi-Wan's training), Ki-Adi-Mundi and Luke Skywalker. Moreover, he has trained almost every Jedi in the Galaxy since he instructs all younglings in the Jedi Temple before they are assigned to a master (c. 800 BBY to 19 BBY).

George Lucas has intentionally kept the name of Yoda's race a secret. (Yoda, Yaddle, and Vandar Tokare are sometimes erroneously referred to as Whills, despite Lucas' insistence that they are not.) In fact, very little is reported of Yoda's life before the events of The Phantom Menace. It is speculated from the Expanded Universe that he achieved the status of Jedi Knight at the age of 50 and the rank of Jedi Master at 100. Following his training, Yoda is said to have spent 100 years in self-imposed solitude, attempting to attain a higher level of understanding of the Force. He was one of the Jedi Masters who ran the mobile academy aboard the starship Chu'unthor about 200 years before A New Hope, leaving the ship's data tapes in the care of one of the natives when the vessel crashed on Dathomir.

The Phantom Menace

The new CG Yoda in The Phantom Menace

In 32 BBY (The Phantom Menace), Qui-Gon brings a young slave named Anakin Skywalker to the Jedi Council, claiming that the boy is the Chosen One who will bring balance to the Force, and requests to train him once Obi-Wan has completed the trials necessary to become a Jedi Knight (Jedi can only have one apprentice at a time). Yoda, as the teacher of many of those on the Council, and its most venerable and respected member, plays a key role in that body's initial decision to deny the request. Yoda believes that the boy is clearly affected by his years as a slave, and that he still clings too tightly to the memory of his mother to be trained safely. His future, Yoda thinks, is clouded.

After Qui-Gon's death at the hands of Darth Maul, however, the Council rescinds its previous decision, although the reasons are unclear. Yoda somewhat disagrees with the decision. One possible explanation for this retraction is that Yoda trusts Kenobi more than his notoriously unorthodox teacher. Another reason suggested is that, with Anakin showing such strength in the Force by destroying the droid control ship, the Council feels that it would be a shame and a waste (perhaps also a danger) to not train someone so strong in the Force. It could also be that since it was Qui-Gon's dying request and Obi-Wan said he would train him regardless of what the council said, and losing Obi-Wan would be far worse than the risk of training the boy.

Attack of the Clones

Yoda battling Count Dooku in Attack of the Clones.

In 22 BBY (Attack of the Clones), Yoda is a key Republic general at the Battle of Geonosis, when the clone trooper Army of the Republic is first deployed. He leads the group which rescues Obi-Wan, Anakin and Padmé Amidala from execution at the hands of the Confederacy of Independent Systems, aka the Separatists. At the climax of the battle, Yoda duels with Separatist leader and Sith Lord Count Dooku, who was once Yoda's Jedi apprentice. This confrontation ends with Dooku narrowly escaping by threatening Yoda's injured comrades Anakin and Obi-Wan. Although seemingly frail, the ancient Yoda demonstrates a legendary mastery of lightsaber combat (Form IV lightsaber combat, known for using the Force to achieve extreme acrobatics - see the seven forms of lightsaber combat).

Revenge of the Sith

Master Yoda battling Emperor Palpatine/Darth Sidious in Revenge of the Sith.

In 19 BBY (Revenge of the Sith), Chancellor Palpatine, who by now has near-absolute power in the Galactic Senate, appoints Anakin to the Jedi Council as his own representative. Again, the Council is hesitant about Anakin's temperament but acquiesces to the request. Yoda and Mace Windu continue to be powerful forces in the young Jedi's ascension in the order, as they deny him the rank of Jedi Master. They know that to give him the rank of Master will also give him a vote in all Council matters, and would be the same as giving Palpatine a vote in the Council — something they were not willing to allow.

It is at about this time that Yoda leads the Council in pursuing the mysterious Sith Lord Darth Sidious. Yoda uses his incredible sensitivity and power with the Force to sense the Sith Lord's presence, finally concluding that Sidious is someone within Palpatine's inner circle. For all his mastery of the Force, however, Yoda does not foresee Anakin's fall to the dark side of the Force.

Yoda absorbing Palpatine's blue lightning.

When Palpatine, now self-appointed Emperor of the Galactic Empire, implements Order 66, Yoda is on Kashyyyk, overseeing the battle between the Separatist forces and a combined command of clone troopers and Wookiees. He feels the deaths of each of the Jedi as they are cut down by the very troops they led. This gives him ample warning, and he swiftly kills the clone troopers sent to dispatch him, escapes with the help of Wookiee leaders Tarfful and Chewbacca, and returns to Coruscant, where he and Obi-Wan fight their way into the Jedi Temple to stop a trap for any Jedi who also survived Order 66. Upon discovering a holographic recording revealing Anakin as the assassin, Yoda sends Kenobi to kill his former Padawan. Kenobi wants to switch opponents, as he would rather not have to fight with his beloved pupil. Yoda refuses, saying, "To fight this Lord Sidious, strong enough you are not."

Subsequently, Yoda battles Palpatine in a titanic struggle that wrecks the Senate building. The fight seems evenly matched between the two patriarchs of both sides of the Force, with neither Form IV master able to overcome the other. In an attempt to end the contest, Palpatine takes the higher ground, and uses the Force to hurl heavy Senate pods at Yoda, who in turn deftly dodges most of them, and sends one back at Palpatine, forcing the latter to jump to a lower level. As Palpatine lands, Yoda reappears suddenly with a Force Jump, brandishing his lightsaber. Palpatine counters with a barrage of Force Lightning, taking the elderly Jedi Master off guard, and disarming him. Without his lightsaber, Yoda resorts to using his palms to absorb the dark energy, managing to even reflect some of its power back at a surprised Palpatine. Just as it seems that Yoda is about to gain the upperhand however, the fight ends in a stalemate, an explosion caused by the clash of energies hurling Palpatine and Yoda apart. Both Masters are able to grasp the edge of nearby Senate pods, with Palpatine barely managing to hold on. Yoda, unable to maintain his grasp, falls to the floor of the Senate chamber. With Clone Troopers about to arrive and the Sith's near-destruction of the Jedi Order, Yoda is weakened and realizes that he cannot defeat Palpatine. Yoda then goes into exile to hide from the Empire and to wait for another opportunity to destroy the Sith.

Anakin, meanwhile, loses his limbs and nearly burns to death while battling Obi-Wan; these injuries cost him much of his Force-potential, and the cybernetic enhancements Palpatine administers to save his life render him (seemingly) less than human. His transformation into a fearsome cyborg serves as a grim fulfillment to Yoda's words to Obi-Wan upon learning of Anakin's fall from grace: "The boy you trained, gone he is, consumed by Darth Vader."

At the end, it is revealed that Yoda has been in contact with Qui-Gon's spirit. Although this is given little attention in the film, in the novelization it is revealed that Yoda actually becomes Padawan to the deceased Jedi Master's Force ghost, learning the secret of immortality from him and passing it onto Obi-Wan.

He is also instrumental in deciding the fate of the Skywalker children after Padmé dies in childbirth, recommending that Luke and Leia be hidden from Darth Vader and his Emperor in unsuspecting and remote locations. Other than the ancient Jedi Master, only the Organas, the Lars, and Obi-Wan know of their placement (it is unlikely that the Lars were fully aware of Leia's existence, however.) Originally, Obi-Wan wants to have both Yoda and himself take one child each to separate spots and train the children in the ways of the Force, but Yoda realizes that there are other ways to learn discipline than just Jedi training, and that Luke and Leia will need to be trained differently if they are going to defeat the Empire. In addition, the twins' anonymity would be more difficult to protect if the Sith were to discover the remaining Jedi Knights before Luke and/or Leia were ready. As we know from later films, this strategy certainly pays off.

Yoda then retreats to Dagobah, a swampy and deserted planet, patiently waiting for a new hope.

A New Hope

Yoda does not appear and isn't even mentioned in A New Hope.

The Empire Strikes Back

Yoda trains Luke Skywalker on Dagobah.

22 years after Yoda's exile, in 3 ABY (The Empire Strikes Back), Luke Skywalker arrives at Dagobah to seek Yoda's guidance after being told by the ghost of Obi-Wan Kenobi, who died during a duel with Darth Vader in A New Hope. After initial reluctance, Yoda agrees to teach him in the ways of the Force. Prior to finishing his training, however, Luke chooses to leave Dagobah in order to confront Darth Vader and save his friends from the Empire's grasp at Bespin. Luke promises to return to complete his training.

Return of the Jedi

When Luke returns to Dagobah in 4 ABY (Return of the Jedi), Yoda, sick and greatly weakened by old age, informs Luke that he has completed his training but will not be a Jedi until he defeats his father, Darth Vader. Yoda then dies at the age of 900 and becomes "one with the Force." Yoda's death is unique within the Star Wars universe as he is the only character to die peacefully from natural causes. Every single death before and after occurs violently and unnaturally.

Yoda, one with the Force after 900 years, looks upon Luke with pride, along with the spirits of Obi-Wan Kenobi and Anakin Skywalker.

Yoda's teachings eventually save Luke from giving in to his anger and falling to the dark side; he remembers to control his feelings just as he is seconds away from killing Vader and becoming the Emperor's new apprentice. When the Emperor tries to kill Luke with Force lightning, Vader redeems himself, and once again becomes Anakin Skywalker, by killing his master to save his son. Anakin dies in his son's arms as the Empire crumbles around them. Later that night, Luke sees his father's spirit looking at him with pride and gratitude, in the company of Obi-Wan Kenobi and their once and future master, Yoda.

Powers and abilities

Yoda, having mastered all seven forms of lightsaber combat, is considered one of the best duelists in the Jedi Order of his day; Jedi Master Mace Windu seems to be the only Jedi who can equal Yoda in that regard. His mastery in Form IV Ataru lightsaber combat enables him to overcome the limitations of his height and reach. He is an exceptional swordsman, displaying amazing speed and dexterity, leaping through the air and twirling as he batters at an opponent's defenses. Yoda is a great contributor to the highest level of Jedi strategy, and is also a worldly diplomat comparable to Windu. Master Yoda can dissipate and deflect Force Lightning, telekinetically lift enormous objects, including an X-wing starfighter, and use Force Push to an untold degree. Yoda is even able to use Battle Meditation to win battles by lifting the morale of thousands of companions while simultaneously dampening the spirits of thousands of his opponents. He can purge dark side manifestations through the use of Force Light and feel the deaths of individual people and can identify them. These skills, in particular, show a far more profound knowledge of the Force than most Jedi Masters or Sith Lords of his time possess.

Personality and traits

Yoda performing a hip hop dance in an Easter egg from the Revenge of the Sith DVD

To his students, the elfin Yoda can appear as either very strict or like a grandfather, testing them to mental and physical extremes one moment and showing warmth the next. (In the beginning of their training, students may not see eye-to-eye with him, but eventually come to see the significance of his teachings.) Among his colleagues on the Jedi Council, he is known to have a penchant for mischief and practical jokes. To all of them, the humble Yoda, who offers enlightened leadership, epitomizes the ideals of the Jedi Order; the grandmaster of that august body is widely known as a sage instructor.

Yoda speaks "Galactic Basic" in a distinctive manner by placing verbs (and more frequently, auxiliary verbs) after the object and subject. In linguistic typology this is the "Object Subject Verb" format. A typical example of Yoda's speech pattern is from Return of the Jedi: "When 900 years old you reach, look as good you will not." This speech pattern has been the source of much parody.

For Italian fans of the Star Wars series, especially children, Yoda is often referred as "The Sardinian One" or "The One Who Speaks Sardinian". This is due to the fact that once translated into Italian, Yoda's manner of speaking is very close to the Sardinian accent that in Italy is considered humorous, even slightly ridiculous.

When not actively using the Force, the elderly Yoda walks with a cane. In the Expanded Universe, it is revealed that one of his canes is a gift from the Wookiees, and that his gimer stick cane contains nutrients that can sustain him were he to chew on it.

Another item unique to Master Yoda is a blissl, an instrument similar to a panflute, which he wears around his neck while on Dagobah.

When we first meet Yoda, he cooks up a stew of roots and leaves to share with Luke Skywalker. Though he lives in a world teeming with animal life, his choice of food has led some to believe that he adheres to a vegetarian or vegan diet. Some have suggested that this is due to the strong empathy he feels with all living beings through the Force. Yoda is never shown eating what is easily recognizable as a meat product; however, we only see Yoda for a relatively short period of time in the Star Wars films, and in that time, see him eat only twice. Yoda is seen eating in the Clone Wars novel Yoda: Dark Rendezvous. His food is never named but it is mentioned as a stew, but it is also said there was "stewed tendon" in it.

The basis for Yoda's character may be derived as a duality between two, since passed, Japanese martial masters. Basis for this assumption points to the late Sokaku Takeda and Gozo Shioda. Takeda is credited with introducing the once privately practiced martial-art of the Takeda samurai family to the world. This art, Daito-ryu, is accepted as the primary ancestral art to Aikido. The master swordsman Takeda, standing just under 4'11", earned the nickname Aizu no Kotengu (the little goblin). Similarly, Gozo, martial-master of Yoshinkan Aikido, stood just under 4'11". Like Yoda, they were very short; this did not hinder their extraordinary martial ability, however. Their arts both centered on Aiki and the ever present ki (the Force) in their techniques. Moreover, like Yoda, they were master teachers and devoted their lives to preserving the ways of their martial-arts for the good of mankind.

Animating Yoda

Yoda's appearance was originally designed by British makeup artist Stuart Freeborn, who based Yoda's face partly on his own and partly on Albert Einstein's, as his eyes are supposedly inspired by the latter. Yoda is voiced by Frank Oz. In the original Star Wars trilogy, he is realized as a puppet (controlled by Oz).

In The Phantom Menace, he was redesigned to look younger. He was computer-generated for two distant shots, but remained mostly a puppet.

Rendered with computer animation in Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith, Yoda appeared in ways not previously possible, including his participation in elaborate fight scenes. In Revenge of the Sith his face appears in several big close-ups, demanding highly-detailed CGI work. Despite the use of advanced technology, his performance was deliberately designed to match the puppet version, with some "mistakes" made such as the occasional ear-jiggling.

According to many Lucasfilm reports, Yoda has been redone in CGI for a later release of The Phantom Menace. This edition will most likely be part of a prequel trilogy pack.

Parody

The comedy musician "Weird Al" Yankovic parodied the song "Lola" by the Kinks with a remake titled "Yoda", included on the album Dare to Be Stupid (1985). Todd Downing parodies Ricky Martin's "Livin' La Vida Loca" with the song "Livin' La Vida Yoda." More recently, "The Great Luke Ski" parodied the song "YMCA" by the Village People with a version titled "Y.O.D.A." included on the albums Fanboys ‘n Da Hood (1996) and Carpe Dementia (1999).

Dave Chappelle did a Parody on Chappelle's Show that accused the Jedi Masters of sexually assaulting their traineees, featuring Yoda as a prime offender. The footage showed Yoda denying the allegations, and then being shown in a videotape using cocaine and making indecent sexual proposals to a young Jedi student.

In the Mel Brooks movie Spaceballs, the character Yogurt, who is played by Mel Brooks himself, is an obvious spoof on Yoda, but is also considered to be a spoof on Obi-Wan Kenobi. Yogurt teaches Lone Star the ways of the "Schwartz" (parody of the Force; "Schwartz" is a common Ashkenazi Jewish surname).


References

  • The Jedi Apprentice series by Dave Wolverton and Jude Watson
  • Episode I: The Phantom Menace, 1st edition paperback, 1999. Terry Brooks, George Lucas, ISBN 0-345-43411-0
  • Episode III: Revenge of the Sith - Novelisation, 1st edition hardcover, 2005. Matthew Woodring Stover, George Lucas, ISBN 0-7126-8427-1
  • The Annotated Screenplays, softcover, 1997. George Lucas, Leigh Brackett, Lawrence Kasdan, Laurent Bouzereau, ISBN 0-345-40981-7
  • The Courtship of Princess Leia, 1995. Dave Wolverton, ISBN 0-553-56937-6
  • Mission from Mount Yoda, 1993. Paul Davids, Hollace Davids, ISBN 0-553-15890-2
  • A Guide to the Star Wars Universe, 2nd edition, 1994. Bill Slavicsek, ISBN 0-345-38625-6
  • The Essential guide to Characters (Star Wars), 1st edition, 1995. Andy Mangels, ISBN 0-245-39535-2
  • The New Essential Guide to Characters, 1st edition, 2002. Daniel Wallace, Michael Sutfin, ISBN 0-345-44900-2
  • Star Wars: The Visual Dictionary, hardcover, 1998. David West Reynolds, ISBN 0-789-43481-4
  • Star Wars: Revenge of the Sith: The Visual Dictionary, hardcover, 2005. James Luceno, ISBN 0-756-61128-8
  • Star Wars Roleplaying Game: Revised Core Rulebook, hardcover, 2002. Bill Slavicsek, Andy Collins, J.D. Wiker, ISBN 0-786-92876-X
  • Star Wars Roleplaying Game: Power of the Jedi Sourcebook, hardcover, 2002. Michael Mikaelian, Jeff Grubb, Owen K.C. Stephens, James Maliszewski, ISBN 0-786-92781-X

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. In the computer game Deus Ex, Walton Simons is the director of FEMA. Yogurt teaches Lone Star the ways of the "Schwartz" (parody of the Force; "Schwartz" is a common Ashkenazi Jewish surname). In The X-Files movie, Alvin Kurtzweil tells Fox Mulder that FEMA is involved in the global conspiracy involving aliens. In the Mel Brooks movie Spaceballs, the character Yogurt, who is played by Mel Brooks himself, is an obvious spoof on Yoda, but is also considered to be a spoof on Obi-Wan Kenobi. This position includes additional responsibilities beyond FEMA including the oversight of the Department of Energy's Nuclear Incident Response Team, or NIRT. The footage showed Yoda denying the allegations, and then being shown in a videotape using cocaine and making indecent sexual proposals to a young Jedi student. After the formation of the Department of Homeland Security in 2003, the official title of the head of FEMA became Under Secretary of Emergency Preparedness and Response.

Dave Chappelle did a Parody on Chappelle's Show that accused the Jedi Masters of sexually assaulting their traineees, featuring Yoda as a prime offender. Qualified persons may submit applications here. Todd Downing parodies Ricky Martin's "Livin' La Vida Loca" with the song "Livin' La Vida Yoda." More recently, "The Great Luke Ski" parodied the song "YMCA" by the Village People with a version titled "Y.O.D.A." included on the albums Fanboys ‘n Da Hood (1996) and Carpe Dementia (1999). The President is currently hiring for this position. The comedy musician "Weird Al" Yankovic parodied the song "Lola" by the Kinks with a remake titled "Yoda", included on the album Dare to Be Stupid (1985). As Under Secretary of Emergency Preparedness and Response within DHS. According to many Lucasfilm reports, Yoda has been redone in CGI for a later release of The Phantom Menace. This edition will most likely be part of a prequel trilogy pack. As director of Cabinet-level agency:.

Despite the use of advanced technology, his performance was deliberately designed to match the puppet version, with some "mistakes" made such as the occasional ear-jiggling. As director of the agency:. In Revenge of the Sith his face appears in several big close-ups, demanding highly-detailed CGI work. Since Hurricane Katrina, some critics have called for FEMA to be removed from the Department of Homeland Security, saying that its position in the department badly hindered the agency's response. Rendered with computer animation in Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith, Yoda appeared in ways not previously possible, including his participation in elaborate fight scenes. South Florida newspaper Sun-Sentinel has an extensive list of documented criticisms of FEMA during the four hurricanes that hit the region in 2004.[5] Some of the criticisms include:. He was computer-generated for two distant shots, but remained mostly a puppet. FEMA does encourage disaster victims to reduce future losses by considering "taking steps to rebuild safer and smarter," advising them to[4]:.

In The Phantom Menace, he was redesigned to look younger. The Cato Institute's Handbook for Congress argues that private companies could perform the tasks carried about by FEMA, and that this would encourage home construction in safer areas[3]:. In the original Star Wars trilogy, he is realized as a puppet (controlled by Oz). Moreover, he said that FEMA is used by incumbent presidents to shore up political support[2]. Yoda is voiced by Frank Oz. In 1997, James Bovard criticized FEMA for subsidizing rebuilding in places that are vulnerable to natural disasters, asking, "[D]o we really want to help rebuild homes and government property in areas that should never have been built on in the first place?" He also claimed that localities are less likely to fund their own snow removal if they know the federal government will bail them out in the event of snow emergencies[1]. Yoda's appearance was originally designed by British makeup artist Stuart Freeborn, who based Yoda's face partly on his own and partly on Albert Einstein's, as his eyes are supposedly inspired by the latter. Survivors of Katrina can learn more about FEMA assistance available at a wiki web site FEMAanswers.org.

Moreover, like Yoda, they were master teachers and devoted their lives to preserving the ways of their martial-arts for the good of mankind. The telephone number to receive disaster assistance from FEMA is 800-621-3362. Their arts both centered on Aiki and the ever present ki (the Force) in their techniques. There are hundreds of thousands of Katrina evacuees living in temporary shelters and/or trailer parks set up by FEMA and other relief organizations in the first months after the disaster hit. Like Yoda, they were very short; this did not hinder their extraordinary martial ability, however. After the February 7 deadline, Katrina victims will be left to their own devices to either find permanent housing for the long term, or to continue in social welfare programs set up by other organizations. Similarly, Gozo, martial-master of Yoshinkan Aikido, stood just under 4'11". FEMA set a deadline of February 7, 2006 as the official end of any further coverage of temporary housing costs for Katrina victims.

The master swordsman Takeda, standing just under 4'11", earned the nickname Aizu no Kotengu (the little goblin). However, formal investigations have yet to determine who exactly is to blame (and to what extent) for the Katrina disaster. This art, Daito-ryu, is accepted as the primary ancestral art to Aikido. It is widely held that many things did not function as planned. Takeda is credited with introducing the once privately practiced martial-art of the Takeda samurai family to the world. Katrina was seen as the first major test of the nation’s new disaster response plan under DHS. Basis for this assumption points to the late Sokaku Takeda and Gozo Shioda. Michael Brown would eventually be relieved of command of the Katrina disaster and soon thereafter resign.

The basis for Yoda's character may be derived as a duality between two, since passed, Japanese martial masters. Brown was criticized personally for a slow response and apparent disconnect with the actual situation on the ground. His food is never named but it is mentioned as a stew, but it is also said there was "stewed tendon" in it. Then FEMA Director Michael D. Yoda is seen eating in the Clone Wars novel Yoda: Dark Rendezvous. FEMA was widely criticized for what is seen as a slow initial response to the disaster and an inability to effectively manage, care for and move those trying to leave the city. Yoda is never shown eating what is easily recognizable as a meat product; however, we only see Yoda for a relatively short period of time in the Star Wars films, and in that time, see him eat only twice. The situation was compounded by flood waters in the city that hampered transportation and poor communication between the federal government, state and local entities.

Some have suggested that this is due to the strong empathy he feels with all living beings through the Force. The enormous number of evacuees simply overwhelmed rescue personnel. Though he lives in a world teeming with animal life, his choice of food has led some to believe that he adheres to a vegetarian or vegan diet. Within three days, a large contingent of National Guard and active duty troops were deployed to the region. When we first meet Yoda, he cooks up a stew of roots and leaves to share with Luke Skywalker. FEMA was responsible for the evacuation of the thousands of people who remained in New Orleans during the storm, as well as initial recovery work and appropriations. Another item unique to Master Yoda is a blissl, an instrument similar to a panflute, which he wears around his neck while on Dagobah. FEMA had pre-positioned response personnel in the Gulf Coast region, however many were only able to report of dire situation along the Gulf Coast, especially from New Orleans.

In the Expanded Universe, it is revealed that one of his canes is a gift from the Wookiees, and that his gimer stick cane contains nutrients that can sustain him were he to chew on it. FEMA received intense criticism for its response to the disaster. When not actively using the Force, the elderly Yoda walks with a cane. August 2005 saw one of the worst natural disasters in United States history. This is due to the fact that once translated into Italian, Yoda's manner of speaking is very close to the Sardinian accent that in Italy is considered humorous, even slightly ridiculous. (see also Hurricane Katrina). For Italian fans of the Star Wars series, especially children, Yoda is often referred as "The Sardinian One" or "The One Who Speaks Sardinian". Within the $5.5 billion, FEMA was also allotted funds to pay for its own recovery efforts.

A typical example of Yoda's speech pattern is from Return of the Jedi: "When 900 years old you reach, look as good you will not." This speech pattern has been the source of much parody. As of 2003, FEMA had received US$5.5 billion to distribute amongst local and state agencies to help offset the cost of recovery. In linguistic typology this is the "Object Subject Verb" format. FEMA played its largest role in the appropriation of federal funds to aid local and state governments in paying for the disaster. Yoda speaks "Galactic Basic" in a distinctive manner by placing verbs (and more frequently, auxiliary verbs) after the object and subject. FEMA had deployed 25 of the 28 Urban Search and Rescue teams at its disposal to the World Trade Center site, however the New York City Office of Emergency Management was in charge of the WTC recovery effort. To all of them, the humble Yoda, who offers enlightened leadership, epitomizes the ideals of the Jedi Order; the grandmaster of that august body is widely known as a sage instructor. In the minutes after the first hijacked plane slammed into the World Trade Center towers, FEMA as well as emergency services all over the city and state of New York were mobilized.

(In the beginning of their training, students may not see eye-to-eye with him, but eventually come to see the significance of his teachings.) Among his colleagues on the Jedi Council, he is known to have a penchant for mischief and practical jokes. (see also September 11 2001 attacks). To his students, the elfin Yoda can appear as either very strict or like a grandfather, testing them to mental and physical extremes one moment and showing warmth the next. FEMA had previously been criticized for its response to Hurricane Hugo, which hit South Carolina in September 1989, and many of the same issues that plagued the agency during Hurricane Andrew were also evident during the response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005. These skills, in particular, show a far more profound knowledge of the Force than most Jedi Masters or Sith Lords of his time possess. Within five days, the federal government and neighboring states had dispatched 20,000 National Guard and active duty troops to South Dade County to set up temporary housing. He can purge dark side manifestations through the use of Force Light and feel the deaths of individual people and can identify them. FEMA and the federal government at large were accused of not responding fast enough to house, feed, and sustain the approximately 250,000 people left homeless in the affected areas.

Yoda is even able to use Battle Meditation to win battles by lifting the morale of thousands of companions while simultaneously dampening the spirits of thousands of his opponents. FEMA was widely criticized for the agency’s response to Andrew, summed up by the famous exclamation, "Where in the hell is the cavalry on this one?" by Dade County, Florida, emergency management director Kate Hale. Master Yoda can dissipate and deflect Force Lightning, telekinetically lift enormous objects, including an X-wing starfighter, and use Force Push to an untold degree. In August 1992, Hurricane Andrew struck the Florida and Louisiana coasts with 165 mph (265 km/h) sustained winds. Yoda is a great contributor to the highest level of Jedi strategy, and is also a worldly diplomat comparable to Windu. (see also Hurricane Andrew). He is an exceptional swordsman, displaying amazing speed and dexterity, leaping through the air and twirling as he batters at an opponent's defenses. There are also Mobile Air Transportable Telecommunications System (MATTS) assets which can be airlifted in.

His mastery in Form IV Ataru lightsaber combat enables him to overcome the limitations of his height and reach. For instance, they may operate a truck with satellite uplink, computers, telephone, and power generation at a staging area near a disaster, so that the responders can communicate with the outside world. Yoda, having mastered all seven forms of lightsaber combat, is considered one of the best duelists in the Jedi Order of his day; Jedi Master Mace Windu seems to be the only Jedi who can equal Yoda in that regard. These teams provide communications support to local public safety. Later that night, Luke sees his father's spirit looking at him with pride and gratitude, in the company of Obi-Wan Kenobi and their once and future master, Yoda. mines. Anakin dies in his son's arms as the Empire crumbles around them. These task forces rescue victims of structural collapse and other confined spaces, ex.

When the Emperor tries to kill Luke with Force lightning, Vader redeems himself, and once again becomes Anakin Skywalker, by killing his master to save his son. National Medical Response Teams (NMRT) are equipped to decontaminate victims of chemical and biological agents. Yoda's teachings eventually save Luke from giving in to his anger and falling to the dark side; he remembers to control his feelings just as he is seconds away from killing Vader and becoming the Emperor's new apprentice. Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Teams (DMORT) provide mortuary and forensic services. Every single death before and after occurs violently and unnaturally. There are also National Nursing Response Teams (NNRT), National Pharmacy Response Teams (NPRT), and Veterinary Medical Assistance Teams (VMAT). Yoda then dies at the age of 900 and becomes "one with the Force." Yoda's death is unique within the Star Wars universe as he is the only character to die peacefully from natural causes. Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMAT) provide medical care at disasters and are typically made up of doctors and paramedics.

When Luke returns to Dagobah in 4 ABY (Return of the Jedi), Yoda, sick and greatly weakened by old age, informs Luke that he has completed his training but will not be a Jedi until he defeats his father, Darth Vader. Teams are made up of doctors, nurses, pharmacists, etc, and are typically sponsored by hospitals, public safety agencies, or private organizations. Luke promises to return to complete his training. These teams provide medical and allied care to disaster victims. Prior to finishing his training, however, Luke chooses to leave Dagobah in order to confront Darth Vader and save his friends from the Empire's grasp at Bespin. FEMA's emergency response is based around small, decentralized teams trained in such specialties as medical care, search and rescue, and communications. After initial reluctance, Yoda agrees to teach him in the ways of the Force. Other programs FEMA previously administered have since been internalized or shifted under direct DHS control.

22 years after Yoda's exile, in 3 ABY (The Empire Strikes Back), Luke Skywalker arrives at Dagobah to seek Yoda's guidance after being told by the ghost of Obi-Wan Kenobi, who died during a duel with Darth Vader in A New Hope. Fire Administration and the National Flood Insurance Program. Yoda does not appear and isn't even mentioned in A New Hope. FEMA currently manages the U.S. Yoda then retreats to Dagobah, a swampy and deserted planet, patiently waiting for a new hope. The Director reports directly to the Secretary of Homeland Security. As we know from later films, this strategy certainly pays off. Today, FEMA exists as part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) as the Emergency Preparedness and Response Directorate.

In addition, the twins' anonymity would be more difficult to protect if the Sith were to discover the remaining Jedi Knights before Luke and/or Leia were ready. As a result, FEMA Director Michael Brown was relieved of command of the Gulf Coast region and resigned shortly thereafter. Other than the ancient Jedi Master, only the Organas, the Lars, and Obi-Wan know of their placement (it is unlikely that the Lars were fully aware of Leia's existence, however.) Originally, Obi-Wan wants to have both Yoda and himself take one child each to separate spots and train the children in the ways of the Force, but Yoda realizes that there are other ways to learn discipline than just Jedi training, and that Luke and Leia will need to be trained differently if they are going to defeat the Empire. FEMA and DHS both came under intense criticism for their handling of the Hurricane Katrina disaster in 2005 (see Katrina and Criticism sections below). He is also instrumental in deciding the fate of the Skywalker children after Padmé dies in childbirth, recommending that Luke and Leia be hidden from Darth Vader and his Emperor in unsuspecting and remote locations. [Washington Post Dec 23, 2005]. Although this is given little attention in the film, in the novelization it is revealed that Yoda actually becomes Padawan to the deceased Jedi Master's Force ghost, learning the secret of immortality from him and passing it onto Obi-Wan. Brown, FEMA's director and DHS Undersecretary, warned that the shift would make a mockery of FEMA's new motto, "A Nation Prepared," and would "fundamentally sever FEMA from its core functions," "shatter agency morale," and "break longstanding, effective and tested relationships with states and first responder stakeholders." The inevitable result of the reorganization of 2003, warned Brown, would be "an ineffective and uncoordinated response" to a terrorist attack or a natural disaster.

At the end, it is revealed that Yoda has been in contact with Qui-Gon's spirit. In September, 2003, Michael D. His transformation into a fearsome cyborg serves as a grim fulfillment to Yoda's words to Obi-Wan upon learning of Anakin's fall from grace: "The boy you trained, gone he is, consumed by Darth Vader.". As a result, FEMA became part of the Emergency Preparedness and Response Directorate of DHS, and employs more than 2,600 full time employees. Anakin, meanwhile, loses his limbs and nearly burns to death while battling Obi-Wan; these injuries cost him much of his Force-potential, and the cybernetic enhancements Palpatine administers to save his life render him (seemingly) less than human. FEMA was absorbed into DHS as of 2003. Yoda then goes into exile to hide from the Empire and to wait for another opportunity to destroy the Sith. Following the Terrorist Attacks of 11 September 2001, President Bush created the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to better coordinate between the different federal agencies that deal with law enforcement, disaster preparedness and recovery, border protection and civil defense.

With Clone Troopers about to arrive and the Sith's near-destruction of the Jedi Order, Yoda is weakened and realizes that he cannot defeat Palpatine. The end of the Cold War also allowed the agency’s resources to be turned away from civil defense to natural disaster preparedness. Yoda, unable to maintain his grasp, falls to the floor of the Senate chamber. Witt initiated reforms that would help to streamline the disaster recovery and mitigation process. Both Masters are able to grasp the edge of nearby Senate pods, with Palpatine barely managing to hold on. In 1993 President Bill Clinton elevated FEMA to a cabinet level position and named James Lee Witt as FEMA Director. Just as it seems that Yoda is about to gain the upperhand however, the fight ends in a stalemate, an explosion caused by the clash of energies hurling Palpatine and Yoda apart. These disasters, while showing the agency could function properly, also uncovered some inefficiencies.

Without his lightsaber, Yoda resorts to using his palms to absorb the dark energy, managing to even reflect some of its power back at a surprised Palpatine. FEMA also responded to the Three Mile Island nuclear accident where the nuclear generating station suffered a partial core meltdown. Palpatine counters with a barrage of Force Lightning, taking the elderly Jedi Master off guard, and disarming him. One of the first disasters FEMA responded to was the dumping of toxic waste into Love Canal in Niagara Falls, New York in the late 1970’s. As Palpatine lands, Yoda reappears suddenly with a Force Jump, brandishing his lightsaber. FEMA was also given the responsibility for overseeing the nation’s Civil Defense, a function which had previously been performed by the Department of Defense’s Defense Civil Preparedness Agency. In an attempt to end the contest, Palpatine takes the higher ground, and uses the Force to hurl heavy Senate pods at Yoda, who in turn deftly dodges most of them, and sends one back at Palpatine, forcing the latter to jump to a lower level. FEMA absorbed the Federal Insurance Administration, the National Fire Prevention and Control Administration, the National Weather Service Community Preparedness Program, the Federal Preparedness Agency of the General Services Administration and the Federal Disaster Assistance Administration activities from HUD.

The fight seems evenly matched between the two patriarchs of both sides of the Force, with neither Form IV master able to overcome the other. In 1979, President Jimmy Carter, at the prompting of the National Governor’s Association, signed Executive Order 12148 which put a new agency, FEMA, in charge of coordinating all disaster relief efforts at the federal level. Subsequently, Yoda battles Palpatine in a titanic struggle that wrecks the Senate building. Many government agencies were still involved in disaster relief, in some cases over 100 separate agencies may be jockeying for control and jurisdiction of a disaster. Yoda refuses, saying, "To fight this Lord Sidious, strong enough you are not.". This agency would oversee disasters such as Hurricane Carla in 1962, Hurricane Betsy in 1965, Hurricane Camille in 1969 and Hurricane Agnes in 1972, the Alaskan (Good Friday) Earthquake of 1964 and the San Fernando Earthquake of 1971. Kenobi wants to switch opponents, as he would rather not have to fight with his beloved pupil. By the start of the 1960’s, federal disaster relief and recovery was brought under the umbrella of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) which created the Federal Disaster Assistance Administration.

Upon discovering a holographic recording revealing Anakin as the assassin, Yoda sends Kenobi to kill his former Padawan. This “piecemeal approach” to disaster recovery was troubled by poor interagency cooperation and bureaucratic red tape. This gives him ample warning, and he swiftly kills the clone troopers sent to dispatch him, escapes with the help of Wookiee leaders Tarfful and Chewbacca, and returns to Coruscant, where he and Obi-Wan fight their way into the Jedi Temple to stop a trap for any Jedi who also survived Order 66. Army Corps of Engineers authority over flood control and irrigation projects and thus played a major role in disaster recovery from flooding. He feels the deaths of each of the Jedi as they are cut down by the very troops they led. The Flood Control Act of 1944 also gave the U.S. When Palpatine, now self-appointed Emperor of the Galactic Empire, implements Order 66, Yoda is on Kashyyyk, overseeing the battle between the Separatist forces and a combined command of clone troopers and Wookiees. The Bureau of Public Roads in 1934 was given authority to finance the reconstruction of highways and roads after a disaster.

For all his mastery of the Force, however, Yoda does not foresee Anakin's fall to the dark side of the Force. RFC can be considered the first organized federal disaster response agency. Yoda uses his incredible sensitivity and power with the Force to sense the Sith Lord's presence, finally concluding that Sidious is someone within Palpatine's inner circle. RFC was also responsible for dispensing federal dollars in the wake of a disaster. It is at about this time that Yoda leads the Council in pursuing the mysterious Sith Lord Darth Sidious. The purpose of the RFC was to lend money to banks and institutions to stimulate economic activity. They know that to give him the rank of Master will also give him a vote in all Council matters, and would be the same as giving Palpatine a vote in the Council — something they were not willing to allow. After the start of the Great Depression in 1929, President Herbert Hoover had commissioned the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) in 1932.

Yoda and Mace Windu continue to be powerful forces in the young Jedi's ascension in the order, as they deny him the rank of Jedi Master. POOP. Again, the Council is hesitant about Anakin's temperament but acquiesces to the request. After President Abraham Lincoln's assassination at Ford's Theatre, the 54th Congress passed legislation compensating those who were injured in the theatre. In 19 BBY (Revenge of the Sith), Chancellor Palpatine, who by now has near-absolute power in the Galactic Senate, appoints Anakin to the Jedi Council as his own representative. Examples of these include the waiving of duties and tariffs to the merchants of New York City after a fire in the mid 1830’s. Although seemingly frail, the ancient Yoda demonstrates a legendary mastery of lightsaber combat (Form IV lightsaber combat, known for using the Force to achieve extreme acrobatics - see the seven forms of lightsaber combat). Between 1803 and 1930, ad-hoc legislation was passed more than 100 times for relief or compensation after a disaster.

This confrontation ends with Dooku narrowly escaping by threatening Yoda's injured comrades Anakin and Obi-Wan. This is widely considered the first piece of legislation passed by the federal government that provided relief after a disaster and can be viewed as the beginnings of federal policies to provide relief after a disaster. At the climax of the battle, Yoda duels with Separatist leader and Sith Lord Count Dooku, who was once Yoda's Jedi apprentice. The Seventh Congress passed a number of measures in the Congressional Act of 1803, which provided relief for the merchants of Portsmouth by waiving duties and tariffs on goods. He leads the group which rescues Obi-Wan, Anakin and Padmé Amidala from execution at the hands of the Confederacy of Independent Systems, aka the Separatists. The first major disaster in the history of the United States was a series of devastating fires in the port city of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. In 22 BBY (Attack of the Clones), Yoda is a key Republic general at the Battle of Geonosis, when the clone trooper Army of the Republic is first deployed. The history of FEMA can be divided into the following parts.

It could also be that since it was Qui-Gon's dying request and Obi-Wan said he would train him regardless of what the council said, and losing Obi-Wan would be far worse than the risk of training the boy. The United States Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), has existed in one form or another for over 200 years. Another reason suggested is that, with Anakin showing such strength in the Force by destroying the droid control ship, the Council feels that it would be a shame and a waste (perhaps also a danger) to not train someone so strong in the Force. . One possible explanation for this retraction is that Yoda trusts Kenobi more than his notoriously unorthodox teacher. FEMA provides financial assistance to individuals and governments to rebuild homes, businesses, and public facilities; trains firefighters and emergency medical professionals; and funds emergency planning throughout the United States and its territories. Yoda somewhat disagrees with the decision. FEMA coordinates the work of federal, state, and local agencies in responding to floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, and other natural disasters.

After Qui-Gon's death at the hands of Darth Maul, however, the Council rescinds its previous decision, although the reasons are unclear. Mainly, FEMA responds to any disaster that occurs in the United States that is declared a federal disaster area by the President of the United States. His future, Yoda thinks, is clouded. The agency is charged with what it defines as four domains of emergency management: mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Yoda believes that the boy is clearly affected by his years as a slave, and that he still clings too tightly to the memory of his mother to be trained safely. The Federal Emergency Management Agency or FEMA is a government agency in the United States which is organized under the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in the Emergency Preparedness and Response Directorate. Yoda, as the teacher of many of those on the Council, and its most venerable and respected member, plays a key role in that body's initial decision to deny the request. David Paulison (acting), September 2005.

In 32 BBY (The Phantom Menace), Qui-Gon brings a young slave named Anakin Skywalker to the Jedi Council, claiming that the boy is the Chosen One who will bring balance to the Force, and requests to train him once Obi-Wan has completed the trials necessary to become a Jedi Knight (Jedi can only have one apprentice at a time). R. He was one of the Jedi Masters who ran the mobile academy aboard the starship Chu'unthor about 200 years before A New Hope, leaving the ship's data tapes in the care of one of the natives when the vessel crashed on Dathomir. Brown, March 2003 - September 2005. Following his training, Yoda is said to have spent 100 years in self-imposed solitude, attempting to attain a higher level of understanding of the Force. Michael D. It is speculated from the Expanded Universe that he achieved the status of Jedi Knight at the age of 50 and the rank of Jedi Master at 100. Allbaugh, February 2001 - March 2003.

(Yoda, Yaddle, and Vandar Tokare are sometimes erroneously referred to as Whills, despite Lucas' insistence that they are not.) In fact, very little is reported of Yoda's life before the events of The Phantom Menace. Joe M. George Lucas has intentionally kept the name of Yoda's race a secret. John Magaw (acting), January 2001 - February 2001. 800 BBY to 19 BBY). James Lee Witt, April 1993 - January 2001. Moreover, he has trained almost every Jedi in the Galaxy since he instructs all younglings in the Jedi Temple before they are assigned to a master (c. Tidball (acting), January 1993 - April 1993.

Over his lifetime, Yoda trains several notable Jedi, including Count Dooku, Mace Windu, Obi-Wan Kenobi (partially, before Qui-Gon Jinn took over with Obi-Wan's training), Ki-Adi-Mundi and Luke Skywalker. William C. Yoda, standing only 2' 2" (66cm) tall, is one of the senior members of the Jedi Council and arguably the wisest and most powerful Jedi of his time, even toward his demise, though the toll of his great age is noticeable. Stickney, August 1990 - January 1993. . Wallace E. Yoda's character is believed by some to have been inspired by the title character in the 1975 Russian-Japanese film Dersu Uzala directed by Akira Kurosawa. Jennings (acting), May 1990 - August 1990.

Like many names in Star Wars, the name "Yoda" has been supposed to be etymologically derived from some ancient language - in this case possibly from the Sanskrit yoddha ("warrior") and/or the Hebrew yodea ("one who knows"). Jerry D. He appears in all of the franchise's installments except for Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope. Morris (acting), June 1989 - May 1990. The Jedi Master known as Yoda (896 BBY–4 ABY), voiced by Frank Oz, is a fictional character in the Star Wars universe. Robert H. Stephens, James Maliszewski, ISBN 0-786-92781-X. Becton, Jr., November 1985 - June 1989.

Michael Mikaelian, Jeff Grubb, Owen K.C. Julius W. Star Wars Roleplaying Game: Power of the Jedi Sourcebook, hardcover, 2002. Morris (acting), September 1985 - November 1985. Wiker, ISBN 0-786-92876-X. Robert H. Bill Slavicsek, Andy Collins, J.D. Giuffrida, May 1981 - September 1985.

Star Wars Roleplaying Game: Revised Core Rulebook, hardcover, 2002. Louis O. James Luceno, ISBN 0-756-61128-8. McConnell (acting), April 1981 - May 1981. Star Wars: Revenge of the Sith: The Visual Dictionary, hardcover, 2005. John W. David West Reynolds, ISBN 0-789-43481-4. Bernard Gallagher (acting), January 1981 - April 1981.

Star Wars: The Visual Dictionary, hardcover, 1998. John Macy, August 1979 - January 1981. Daniel Wallace, Michael Sutfin, ISBN 0-345-44900-2. Thomas Casey (acting), July 1979. The New Essential Guide to Characters, 1st edition, 2002. Gordon Vickery (acting), April 1979 - July 1979. Andy Mangels, ISBN 0-245-39535-2. Office of Emergency Preparedness, May 1975-April 1979.

The Essential guide to Characters (Star Wars), 1st edition, 1995. Hafer, E.O.P. Bill Slavicsek, ISBN 0-345-38625-6. James K. A Guide to the Star Wars Universe, 2nd edition, 1994. Ten of the people whose funerals were paid for were not even in Florida at the time of their deaths.[8]. Paul Davids, Hollace Davids, ISBN 0-553-15890-2. FEMA used hurricane aid money to pay funeral expenses for at least 203 Floridians whose deaths were not caused by the 2004 Hurricanes, the state's coroners have concluded.

Mission from Mount Yoda, 1993. Senate committee and the inspector general of the Department of Homeland Security found that FEMA inappropriately declared Miami-Dade county a disaster area and then awarded millions, often without verifying storm damage or a need for assistance.[6][7]. Dave Wolverton, ISBN 0-553-56937-6. A U.S. The Courtship of Princess Leia, 1995. When Hurricane Frances hit South Florida on Labor Day weekend, (over 100 miles north of Miami-Dade County) 9,800 Miami-Dade applicants were approved by FEMA for $28 million in storm claims for new furniture, clothes, thousands of new televisions, microwaves, and refrigerators, cars, dental bills and a funeral even though the Medical Examiner recorded no deaths from Frances. George Lucas, Leigh Brackett, Lawrence Kasdan, Laurent Bouzereau, ISBN 0-345-40981-7. Consider buying flood insurance.

The Annotated Screenplays, softcover, 1997. Encourage community to participate in National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Matthew Woodring Stover, George Lucas, ISBN 0-7126-8427-1. Take measures to reduce losses in the future. Episode III: Revenge of the Sith - Novelisation, 1st edition hardcover, 2005. Terry Brooks, George Lucas, ISBN 0-345-43411-0.

Episode I: The Phantom Menace, 1st edition paperback, 1999. The Jedi Apprentice series by Dave Wolverton and Jude Watson.