Wrestling

"The Wrestlers" from Uffizi Gallery, Florence.

Wrestling is a grappling sport in which two competitors attempt to throw, immobolize or pin an opponent. Wrestling is an ancient sport and has developed into many different styles and formats with events ranging from highly-commercialised stadium events to competitions to gain higher moral and social status. Wrestling is primarily a grappling sport, although some styles do allow limited striking.

The aim

The aim of a wrestling contest depends upon it's style, but common aims are:-

  • Pinning the shoulders of an opponent to the ground for a defined time,
  • Gaining a submission by choking, stranglin or locking the limbs of an oppononent,
  • Maneuvering an opponents shoulders toward the ground to earn points,
  • Raising an opponent over ones head,
  • Throwing an opponent to the floor, and
  • Gaining control over an opponents body.

Styles

There are almost as many wrestling "styles" as there are national traditions. Styles include sumo in Japan and yağlı güreş (oiled wrestling) in Turkey. Wrestling is often categorized as one of the martial arts; its virile image and usefulness as military training doubtlessly helped generate such multi-cultural evolutions. Wrestling is possibly the oldest sport known to man and is shown in ancient wall-paintings of man struggling versus man and in the story of Jacob wrestling an angel in the Book of Genesis.

In addition to its sporting nature, wrestling has often been utilized as the basis for popular spectacle, or theatrical drama. Circus shows worldwide have historically included sideshow wrestling matches involving wagered monies and even people fighting animals (particularly bears). Such show-wrestling has continued to this day in "professional" wrestling spectaculars — choreographed for maximum visual (and even auditory) effects. Often the winner of commercial contests is determined in advance but Sumo, Shoot-Wrestling (also in Japan) and Ultimate/Extreme Fighting Championships remain true sporting contests while including many commercial aspects.

A totally whimsical form of wrestling has evolved in the USA, referred to as "negative-wrestling", whereby schoolboy opponents work for the opposite of the "pin" with one opponent attempting to pin himself and the other opponent trying to keep a pin from occurring.

Sport wrestling

Most wrestling is an amateur sport but some forms, such as sumo, have long professional traditions.

Two amateur wrestling styles are performed in the Olympic Games: Freestyle and Greco-Roman. A similar style, commonly called Collegiate or Folkstyle, is practiced in secondary schools, colleges, and younger age groups in the United States of America.

Other styles of sport wrestling include:

  • catch wrestling
  • hook wrestling
  • sumo
  • Pehlwani
  • yağlı güreş
  • Glima
  • Khuresh
  • Shuai jiao
  • Devonshire Wrestling
  • Dumog
  • Fianna - Ancient. Great Britain.A form of Celtic Wrestling.
  • Mallayuddha
  • Mukna
  • Mizo Inchai
  • Ancient Greek Wrestling

Show wrestling

Historically, many spectators have been as interested in observing spectacular "fights" or competitions as in finding out who was the better wrestler. This is not unlike the often vulgar gladiatorial "competitions" of ancient Rome which included death at the whim or political mindedness of an emperor and his "thumbs-up". Such theatrical winning often occurs with the full knowledge of the audience.

Modern-day professional wrestling has its roots in early traveling carnivals, where showmen would challenge local spectators to compete with them in a ring and offer prizes to anybody who could beat them. These showmen were well-versed in methods of "hooking" their unknowing opponents into submission using painful holds. Also, the carnival director would often place one of his showmen in the audience to answer the challenge, and the two would provide a predetermined spectacle with the intent of providing an entertaining show for the spectators. This led to the scripted shows of World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and other companies which in a 1980s court decision that would have led to the same industry regulations as for other professional sports, conceded the open secret that the "sport" was actually a highly physical theatrical performance.

Besides the United States, Mexico (Lucha-Libre) and Japan (Puroresu) have garnered the greatest percentage of spectator commercialism under the "professional" label.

Wrestling as Military Training

Until recent times, most armies trained their soldiers, particularly shock troops, in wrestling. This may come as a surprise, since wrestling does not use weapons whereas war does. There are several benefits wrestling provided for the soldiers that would be of use to them in hand-to-hand combat:

1. Superior balance developed from trying to keep one's balance while at the same time trying to upset the opponent's. In war, falling to the ground made one terribly vulnerable to weapon thrusts.

2. Focused and powerful pushing-power. In wrestling, one must keep forward pressure on one's opponent often, and in combat one must also smash or thrust weapons forward at one's enemies.

3. The ability to get up quickly if fallen down: a very important survival skill on the battlefield.

4. Improved stamina, endurance and strength.

5. Physical skills to control prisoners, or to carry wounded comrades.

6. Aggressiveness and improved reaction time.

7. Camraderie, diversion and entertainment.

8. Wrestling is a safe way to achieve these above goals since it does not use dangerous objects.


This page about wrestling includes information from a Wikipedia article.
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Wrestling is a safe way to achieve these above goals since it does not use dangerous objects. Note: Anchors are listed by their main and most regular job only. 8. While doubtless a traumatic experience for the corporation, an ICM poll in April 2003 indicated that it had sustained its position as the best and most trusted provider of news. Camraderie, diversion and entertainment. Davies was followed by Director General Greg Dyke the following day and Gilligan on January 30. 7. BBC News faced an important test, reporting on itself with the publication of the report, but by common consent managed this both independently and impartially.

Aggressiveness and improved reaction time. Due to the level of criticism of the corporation in the Hutton report, Davies resigned on the day of publication. 6. The Board of Governors, under BBC Chairman Gavyn Davies' guidance, accepted that further investigation of the Government's complaints were unnecessary. Physical skills to control prisoners, or to carry wounded comrades. Davies had then told the BBC Board of Governors that he was happy with the story and told the Prime Minister that a satisfactory internal inquiry had taken place. 5. The BBC Director of News, Richard Sambrook, the report said, had accepted Gilligan's word that his story was accurate rather than checking Gilligan's records more thoroughly.

Improved stamina, endurance and strength. In particular, it specifically criticised the chain of management that caused the BBC to defend its story. 4. In his report on January 28, 2004, Lord Hutton concluded that Gilligan's original accusation was "unfounded" and the BBC's editorial and management processes were "defective". The ability to get up quickly if fallen down: a very important survival skill on the battlefield. Kelly took his own life.". 3. An inquiry led by Lord Hutton was announced by the British government the following day to investigate the circumstances leading to Kelly's death, concluding that "Dr.

In wrestling, one must keep forward pressure on one's opponent often, and in combat one must also smash or thrust weapons forward at one's enemies. Kelly was found dead, apparently by suicide, in a field close to his home early on 18 July. Focused and powerful pushing-power. Following intense media speculation, David Kelly was finally named in the press as the source for Gilligan's story on 9 July 2003. 2. In subsequent weeks the corporation stood by the report, saying that it had a reliable source. In war, falling to the ground made one terribly vulnerable to weapon thrusts. The Government angrily denounced the reports and accused the corporation of poor journalism.

Superior balance developed from trying to keep one's balance while at the same time trying to upset the opponent's. Three BBC News reports (Andrew Gilligan's on Today, Gavin Hewitt's on The Ten O'Clock News and another on Newsnight) quoted an anonymous source that stated the British government (particularly the Prime Minister's office) had embellished the September Dossier with misleading exaggerations of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction capabilities. 1. BBC News was at the centre of one the largest political controversies in recent years. There are several benefits wrestling provided for the soldiers that would be of use to them in hand-to-hand combat:. Most notable examples have been in Uzbekistan [2], China [3] [4], Sri Lanka [5], Zimbabwe [6] and Pakistan in 2005 [7], . This may come as a surprise, since wrestling does not use weapons whereas war does. BBC News has been banned in several countries primarily for unbiased reporting which has been unfavourable to the ruling government.

Until recent times, most armies trained their soldiers, particularly shock troops, in wrestling. Notable examples have been Stop castrating the language, published in The Observer, and The Disgrace of the BBC, published in The Weekly Standard. Besides the United States, Mexico (Lucha-Libre) and Japan (Puroresu) have garnered the greatest percentage of spectator commercialism under the "professional" label. Alternative views are also expressed in print from time to time. This led to the scripted shows of World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and other companies which in a 1980s court decision that would have led to the same industry regulations as for other professional sports, conceded the open secret that the "sport" was actually a highly physical theatrical performance. The BBC is frequently complimented in the public arena, both in the United Kingdom and globally. Also, the carnival director would often place one of his showmen in the audience to answer the challenge, and the two would provide a predetermined spectacle with the intent of providing an entertaining show for the spectators. Certain radio broadcasts are available for download as podcasts as part of the BBC's download trial.

These showmen were well-versed in methods of "hooking" their unknowing opponents into submission using painful holds. The same is available with BBC News television bulletins and radio programmes. Modern-day professional wrestling has its roots in early traveling carnivals, where showmen would challenge local spectators to compete with them in a ring and offer prizes to anybody who could beat them. Certain BBC current affairs programmes such as Newsnight and Question Time are available to view on the site after they have been broadcast. Such theatrical winning often occurs with the full knowledge of the audience. Many reports are accompanied by audio and video from the BBC's television and radio news services. This is not unlike the often vulgar gladiatorial "competitions" of ancient Rome which included death at the whim or political mindedness of an emperor and his "thumbs-up". The website contains exhaustive international news coverage as well as entertainment, sport, science, and political news.

Historically, many spectators have been as interested in observing spectacular "fights" or competitions as in finding out who was the better wrestler. Launched in November 1997, it is one of the most popular news websites in the UK with around 15 million visitors every month. Other styles of sport wrestling include:. BBC News Online is the BBC's news website. A similar style, commonly called Collegiate or Folkstyle, is practiced in secondary schools, colleges, and younger age groups in the United States of America. The BBC World Service broadcasts to some 150 million people in 40 languages across the globe. Two amateur wrestling styles are performed in the Olympic Games: Freestyle and Greco-Roman. BBC News does not produce the BBC's regional news bulletins, which are produced by the BBC nations and regions.

Most wrestling is an amateur sport but some forms, such as sumo, have long professional traditions. BBC Radio News produces bulletins for the BBC's national radio stations and provides content for local BBC radio stations via the General News Service (GNS). A totally whimsical form of wrestling has evolved in the USA, referred to as "negative-wrestling", whereby schoolboy opponents work for the opposite of the "pin" with one opponent attempting to pin himself and the other opponent trying to keep a pin from occurring. The full directory of all the BBC's regional news programmes can be found here. Often the winner of commercial contests is determined in advance but Sumo, Shoot-Wrestling (also in Japan) and Ultimate/Extreme Fighting Championships remain true sporting contests while including many commercial aspects. The position of editor of the Ten O'Clock News is currently being advertised. Such show-wrestling has continued to this day in "professional" wrestling spectaculars — choreographed for maximum visual (and even auditory) effects. On the 16th of December 2005, the News 24 editor was named as Kevin Bakhurst, whilst Amanda Farnsworth became editor of the One and Six O'Clock bulletins.

Circus shows worldwide have historically included sideshow wrestling matches involving wagered monies and even people fighting animals (particularly bears). On the 8th of November 2005, it was announced that a controller of BBC News 24 would be appointed and that a single editor for the One O'Clock and Six O'Clock news programmes would be used rather than two individuals. In addition to its sporting nature, wrestling has often been utilized as the basis for popular spectacle, or theatrical drama. In 2003, following another relaunch of the corporation's output, all title music and graphics were altered with Lowe remaining as composer. Wrestling is possibly the oldest sport known to man and is shown in ancient wall-paintings of man struggling versus man and in the story of Jacob wrestling an angel in the Book of Genesis. Lowe was also responsible for the music on Radio One's "Newsbeat". Wrestling is often categorized as one of the martial arts; its virile image and usefulness as military training doubtlessly helped generate such multi-cultural evolutions. The general theme was used not only on bulletins on BBC One but News 24, BBC World and local news programmes in the BBC's Nations and Regions.

Styles include sumo in Japan and yağlı güreş (oiled wrestling) in Turkey. It was part of the extensive rebranding which commenced in 1999. There are almost as many wrestling "styles" as there are national traditions. The distinctive music on all BBC television news programmes was introduced in 1999 and composed by David Lowe. The aim of a wrestling contest depends upon it's style, but common aims are:-. BBC News provides 22 hours of programming each day for the international news and current affairs channel BBC World. . It also provides news on Ceefax and the BBC News Website.

Wrestling is primarily a grappling sport, although some styles do allow limited striking. The Television News section of BBC News is responsible for the main news bulletins on BBC One and BBC Two, news output on BBC Three and BBC Four and the news networks BBC News 24 and BBC Parliament. Wrestling is an ancient sport and has developed into many different styles and formats with events ranging from highly-commercialised stadium events to competitions to gain higher moral and social status. The building is planned to have the largest live newsroom in the world. Wrestling is a grappling sport in which two competitors attempt to throw, immobolize or pin an opponent. In 2008 all BBC News, national radio and BBC World Service broadcasts will be moved to Broadcasting House in central London. Ancient Greek Wrestling. In 1998 most of BBC Radio News joined BBC Television News at TVC in the new "News Centre" complex at the front of the building.

Mizo Inchai. Regional headlines were also added to the one o'clock news, and the main evening news, when it moved from nine o'clock to ten o'clock. Mukna. Over the next few years the regional news programmes began adopting a unified look in line with the national news. Mallayuddha. The English regions lost some time, however, as these regions now rejoined London for a national round-up at 6.55. Great Britain.A form of Celtic Wrestling. Regional stories were incorporated into the six o'clock news headlines.

Fianna - Ancient. It also caused changes to regional news. Dumog. Most significantly BBC regional news programmes adopted the new corporate image for the first time, giving a common style across local, national and international BBC television news. Devonshire Wrestling. In 1997 the programme titles were altered slighlty to incorporate the new corporate logo and in 1999 the biggest relaunch occurred, with BBC One bulletins, BBC World and BBC News 24 adopting a common style. Shuai jiao. Likewise the style of the theme changed, from a bright and driving theme for Breakfast News to an authoritative and more sombre version for the Nine O'Clock News.

Khuresh. The colour of the sets varied, getting progressively darker throughout the day. Glima. The titles commenced with the BBC News logo imposed on a spinning globe, widening to reveal a glass sculpture of the BBC coat of arms (again computer generated) in front of a panoramic view of the studio. yağlı güreş. The new set was a small one which took advantage of Silicon Graphics systems to create a virtual studio which appeared to be huge. Pehlwani. The times of the main bulletins —one o'clock, six o'clock and nine o'clock, were, however unchanged, and the music, whilst consistent in style, was based on the previous theme adopted by each programme.

sumo. A major relaunch of BBC television news output in 1993 included abolition of variation in sets and titles in favour of a single set with a common theme. hook wrestling. Several variations in how the main news programmes were named and shown occurred with programmes such as Nationwide coming and going. catch wrestling. These were adapted as Television Newsreel programmes. Gaining control over an opponents body. Newsreels had been in use for some time, shown at cinemas and other places of public gathering.

Throwing an opponent to the floor, and. The BBC television service originally carried news in the form of images with a newsreader narrating but off camera, having decided that a newsreader on screen would distract viewers from the stories. Raising an opponent over ones head,. The BBC celebrated 50 years of Television News on July 5, 2004. Maneuvering an opponents shoulders toward the ground to earn points,. On July 5, 1954, the first television news bulletin was broadcast. Gaining a submission by choking, stranglin or locking the limbs of an oppononent,. The British Broadcasting Company broadcast its first radio bulletin on November 14, 1922.

Pinning the shoulders of an opponent to the ground for a defined time,. . In 2005, it was announced that the Six O'Clock News was the most popular daily news programme whilst the corporation's 24 hour rolling news channel, BBC News 24, was the most popular 24 hour news channel in Britain [1]. However, research has shown that for coverage of major events such as the Iraq war and September 11th attacks viewers turn to the BBC. Within the United Kingdom, BBC News faces stiff competition from Sky News and ITN.

It is, however, not free from controversies, the most recent being the Hutton Report which led to a shakeup of the corporation's operations. BBC News output has won critical acclaim worldwide and praise for its unbiased and balanced reporting. The annual budget of BBC News is £350 million. The News department consists of 3,500 staff of which 2,000 are journalists.

Due to the non-central location of TVC, however, in 2008 the News Centre is due to move to BBC Radio's headquarters, BBC Broadcasting House at Portland Place in Central London. Political coverage is based at the Millbank Studios in Westminster. Of these bureaux, 41 are based overseas. BBC News is based at the News Centre at Television Centre (TVC), Wood Lane, W12 and operates regional centres across the United Kingdom as well as 44 newsgathering bureaux around the world.

BBC News carries out a key objective of the BBC's Royal Charter: to "collect news and information in any part of the world and in any manner that may be thought fit". The current director is Helen Boaden. It claims to be the largest broadcast news gathering operation in the world and produces almost 100 hours of output daily. BBC News and Current Affairs (sometimes abbreviated BBC NCA) is a major arm of the BBC responsible for the corporation's newsgathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online.

Maxine Mawhinney. Matthew Amroliwala. Fiona Bruce. Huw Edwards.

Sophie Raworth, on long-term leave. Natasha Kaplinsky. George Alagiah. Jane Hill.

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