Winny

Winny (also known as WinNY) is a Japanese peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing program that claims to be loosely inspired by the design principles behind the Freenet network and that also claimed to keep user identities untraceable. While Freenet was implemented in Java, Winny was implemented as a Windows C++ application.

The software takes its name from WinMX, where the M and the X are raised one letter in the Latin alphabet, to N and Y. As of September 2003, there were 250,000 users of the program according to the Tokyo-based Association of Copyright for Computer Software. According to P2Pnet, it was the most popular file-sharing program in Japan, with WinMX in second place.

The software was developed by Isamu Kaneko, who is a research assistant in graduate course of computer engineering at the University of Tokyo in Japan. He was also once a researcher at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. Kaneko originally anonymously announced his intent of developing the software on the Download Software board (which was a board filled with copyright infringers) of the popular 2channel (2ch for short) Japanese bulletin board site. Since 2ch users often refer to anonymous users by their post numbers, Kaneko came to be known as "Mr. 47" ("47-Shi", or 47氏 in Japanese), or just "47".

On November 28, 2003, two Japanese users of Winny, Yoshihiro Inoue1, a 41 year-old self-employed businessman from Takasaki, Gunma Prefecture and an unemployed 19-year-old from Matsuyama, were arrested by the Kyoto Prefectural Police. They were accused of sharing copyrighted material via Winny and admitted to their crimes. Shortly following the two users' arrests, Kaneko also had his home searched and had the source code of Winny confiscated by the Kyoto Police.

On May 10, 2004, Kaneko was arrested for suspected conspiracy to commit copyright violation by the High-tech Crime Taskforce of the Kyoto Prefectural Police.

Kaneko's arrest caused an uproar in communities on the Internet, including 2ch, citing it as an unjust arrest. A website set up to raise money for the defense of Kaneko has raised over 11 million yen (about 97,000 US$ on May 23, 2004) within two weeks.

Kaneko was released on bail on June 1, 2004. The court hearings started in September 2004 at Kyoto district court.

After Winny's development was stopped, Share was started by an anonymous Japanese engineer to pick up where Winny left off.

Winny's Anonymity

At the time of the two users' arrests, the Kyoto Police claimed to have "analyzed Winny's anonymity features" to track the users down, but did not disclose the exact method used. It later turns out, as the details of the method used was disclosed at Kaneko's first day of trial, that this statement was not entirely accurate — It was areas where Winny did not provide anonymity that the Police used to track users down.

After failing to crack Winny's encrypted communications used in its file sharing feature, the Kyoto Police switched to a different method, namely tracking users via Winny's integrated forum feature. Unlike its file sharing feature, the forum feature of Winny provided anonymity for users who accessed message threads, but not for creators of threads. Users accessing threads were able to determine the IP address of the originator of the thread.

The Kyoto Police first looked for a thread where its originator was posting the file names of copyrighted material he was sharing, and recorded his IP address. They then configured their firewall to only allow connections to them from the thread owner's IP address. Finally, they confirmed that they could indeed download the copyrighted file from the user who stated (on his thread) that he was sharing it.

Debate of Winny's Purpose

Critics of Kaneko have stated that the main purpose of Winny is to violate copyright law, unlike Freenet, another peer-to-peer system that Winny is often compared to, which claims to protect freedom of speech. These critics also claim that 2ch's Download Software board, where the software was first announced, is a haven for copyright violators, and that Kaneko himself had said that the aim of development of Winny is to push the tide towards a world filled with copyright infringement, quoting several posts from 2ch.

In one of the posts in 2ch Download Software board, "47" had pointed out that '... beta 8.1 [of Winny] has a security hole and is not anonymous. Don't exchange illegal files [with it].' 2. Critics claim that this is one evidence of Kaneko's malicious intent, as that "47" was advising users not to share copyrighted material on beta 8.1 because it was not anonymous and infringing users could be traced.

Others have said that Kaneko's action shouldn't constitute a crime, since he didn't infringe copyright himself, but that he just created software that could be used for that purpose. They also state that the claims of Kaneko's intent by his critics are unprovable (some go as to it being outright false), as Kaneko's noted statements are too vague to be interpreted as having the intent claimed by critics. According to the Free Kaneko website, he warned not to share illegal material using the software.

Notes

  1. Earlier versions of this article had stated the name of the 41-year-old man as "Katsuhiko Kimoto". The Police and the media initially used this name, as the man used it to identify himself, and the claim could not be verified. Police later found out that the name was an alias. Inoue himself claims to have been using the Kimoto name regularly.
  2. Quote was translated from the original Japanese, which can be found at http://winny.info/2ch/main/1021057195.html#526.
  3. The final version of Winny released by Kaneko himself is 2.0b7.1.
  4. b7.26 is the version to which a hacker called lark hexedited in some new features, it is widely unused.

Further reading

  • Kaneko Isamu (2005). The Technology of Winny, 201, ASCII. ISBN 4-756-14548-5. (Japanese)

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According to the Free Kaneko website, he warned not to share illegal material using the software. This dispels the rumor that the letters are an acronym for "all day I dream about sports.", or more crudely "all day I dream about sex.". They also state that the claims of Kaneko's intent by his critics are unprovable (some go as to it being outright false), as Kaneko's noted statements are too vague to be interpreted as having the intent claimed by critics. "adidas" is simply a combination of the founder's nickname (Adi) and the first three letters of his last name (Dassler). Others have said that Kaneko's action shouldn't constitute a crime, since he didn't infringe copyright himself, but that he just created software that could be used for that purpose. American college sports teams are also sponsored. Critics claim that this is one evidence of Kaneko's malicious intent, as that "47" was advising users not to share copyrighted material on beta 8.1 because it was not anonymous and infringing users could be traced. adidas sponsors major teams in a number of sports, especially soccer, rugby and tennis.

Don't exchange illegal files [with it].' 2. Since the 1970 FIFA World Cup with the football Telstar, adidas has been the FIFA official match ball supplier for every FIFA World Cup and designs the official match ball for every edition of the event. beta 8.1 [of Winny] has a security hole and is not anonymous. This anecdote was a plot device used in the successful German film, Das Wunder von Bern, which was a movie version of the 1954 World Cup. In one of the posts in 2ch Download Software board, "47" had pointed out that '.. As the final game against the highly-favoured team from Hungary was played in heavy rain, this gave the German players a firmer hold on the slippery pitch. These critics also claim that 2ch's Download Software board, where the software was first announced, is a haven for copyright violators, and that Kaneko himself had said that the aim of development of Winny is to push the tide towards a world filled with copyright infringement, quoting several posts from 2ch. When the weather was good and the pitch was hard, the shoes were equipped with short studs; when it rained, longer studs were screwed on the bottom of the shoes.

Critics of Kaneko have stated that the main purpose of Winny is to violate copyright law, unlike Freenet, another peer-to-peer system that Winny is often compared to, which claims to protect freedom of speech. These shoes introduced a technological breakthrough: studs with screws. Finally, they confirmed that they could indeed download the copyrighted file from the user who stated (on his thread) that he was sharing it. When West Germany miraculously won the soccer 1954 World Cup, their footwear was supplied by adidas. They then configured their firewall to only allow connections to them from the thread owner's IP address. [4]. The Kyoto Police first looked for a thread where its originator was posting the file names of copyrighted material he was sharing, and recorded his IP address. The acquisition of Reebok will also allow adidas to compete with Nike worldwide.

Users accessing threads were able to determine the IP address of the originator of the thread. This takeover was completed in August 2005 and meant that the company will now have closer business sales as those of Nike in Northern America. Unlike its file sharing feature, the forum feature of Winny provided anonymity for users who accessed message threads, but not for creators of threads. In August 2005, adidas declared its intention to buy Anglo-American rival Reebok for US$ 3.8 billion. After failing to crack Winny's encrypted communications used in its file sharing feature, the Kyoto Police switched to a different method, namely tracking users via Winny's integrated forum feature. Also in 2005, on May 2, adidas told the public that they sold their partner company Salomon Group for 485 mn Euros to Amer Sports of Finland. It later turns out, as the details of the method used was disclosed at Kaneko's first day of trial, that this statement was not entirely accurate — It was areas where Winny did not provide anonymity that the Police used to track users down. It currently retails for $250 (USD).

At the time of the two users' arrests, the Kyoto Police claimed to have "analyzed Winny's anonymity features" to track the users down, but did not disclose the exact method used. The shoe requires a small, user replaceable battery that lasts for approximately 100 hours of running. . Dubbed by the company "The World's First Intelligent Shoe" it features a microprocessor capable of performing 5 million calculations per second that automatically adjusts the shoe's level of cushioning to suit its environment. After Winny's development was stopped, Share was started by an anonymous Japanese engineer to pick up where Winny left off. In 2005, adidas introduced the adidas 1, the first ever production shoe to utilize a microprocessor. The court hearings started in September 2004 at Kyoto district court. [2] [3].

Kaneko was released on bail on June 1, 2004. The court ruled that despite the simplicity of the mark, Fitness World's use was infringing because the public could establish a link between that use and adidas' mark. A website set up to raise money for the defense of Kaneko has raised over 11 million yen (about 97,000 US$ on May 23, 2004) within two weeks. In 2003, adidas filed a lawsuit in British court challenging Fitness World Trading's use of a two-stripe motif similar to adidas' three stripes. Kaneko's arrest caused an uproar in communities on the Internet, including 2ch, citing it as an unjust arrest. [1]. On May 10, 2004, Kaneko was arrested for suspected conspiracy to commit copyright violation by the High-tech Crime Taskforce of the Kyoto Prefectural Police. adidas withdrew the suit, and the two groups established guidelines as to what three-stripe designs would be considered uses of the adidas trademark.

Shortly following the two users' arrests, Kaneko also had his home searched and had the source code of Winny confiscated by the Kyoto Police. In 1998, adidas sued the NCAA over their rules limiting the size and number of commercial logos on team uniforms and apparel. They were accused of sharing copyrighted material via Winny and admitted to their crimes. In 1997, adidas AG acquired the Salomon Group, and its corporate name was changed to adidas-Salomon AG. On November 28, 2003, two Japanese users of Winny, Yoshihiro Inoue1, a 41 year-old self-employed businessman from Takasaki, Gunma Prefecture and an unemployed 19-year-old from Matsuyama, were arrested by the Kyoto Prefectural Police. In 2005, French courts awarded Tapie a 135 million euro compensation (about 886 million francs). 47" ("47-Shi", or 47氏 in Japanese), or just "47". He spent 6 months in La Santé prison in Paris in 1997 after being sentenced to 18.

Since 2ch users often refer to anonymous users by their post numbers, Kaneko came to be known as "Mr. He was the object of several lawsuits, notably related to match fixing at the football club. Kaneko originally anonymously announced his intent of developing the software on the Download Software board (which was a board filled with copyright infringers) of the popular 2channel (2ch for short) Japanese bulletin board site. Tapie went bankrupt himself in 1994. He was also once a researcher at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. He is also the president of the Olympique de Marseille football team, to which Tapie is closely linked. The software was developed by Isamu Kaneko, who is a research assistant in graduate course of computer engineering at the University of Tokyo in Japan. Robert Louis-Dreyfus became the new CEO of the company.

According to P2Pnet, it was the most popular file-sharing program in Japan, with WinMX in second place. Forgetting why the bank actually bought adidas, Tapie later sued the bank, because he felt spoiled by the indirect sale. As of September 2003, there were 250,000 users of the program according to the Tokyo-based Association of Copyright for Computer Software. In February 1993, Crédit Lyonnais sold adidas to Robert Louis-Dreyfus, a friend of Bernard Tapie (and cousin of Julia Louis-Dreyfus from the Seinfeld TV series), for a much higher amount of money than what Tapie owed, 4.485 billion francs rather than 2.85 billion. The software takes its name from WinMX, where the M and the X are raised one letter in the Latin alphabet, to N and Y. Apparently, the state-owned bank had tried to get Tapie out of dire financial straits as a personal favour to Tapie, reportedly because Tapie was a minister of Urban Affairs (ministre de la Ville) in the French government at the time. While Freenet was implemented in Java, Winny was implemented as a Windows C++ application. He mandated the Crédit Lyonnais bank to sell adidas, and the bank subsequently converted the outstanding debt owed into equity of the enterprise, which was unusual for then-current French banking practice.

Winny (also known as WinNY) is a Japanese peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing program that claims to be loosely inspired by the design principles behind the Freenet network and that also claimed to keep user identities untraceable. In 1992, Tapie was unable to pay the interest from his loan. ISBN 4-756-14548-5. (Japanese). He also hired Madonna for promotion. The Technology of Winny, 201, ASCII. Tapie decided to move production offshore to Asia. Kaneko Isamu (2005). Tapie was at the time a famous specialist of rescuing bankrupt companies, a business on which he built his fortune.

b7.26 is the version to which a hacker called lark hexedited in some new features, it is widely unused. After a period of serious trouble following the death of Adolf Dassler's son Horst Dassler in 1987, the company was bought in 1990 by Bernard Tapie, for 1.6 billion French francs ($320 million), which Tapie borrowed. The final version of Winny released by Kaneko himself is 2.0b7.1. The history of the company as presented by its official web site is incomplete, perhaps because it is indirectly linked to financial scandals. Quote was translated from the original Japanese, which can be found at http://winny.info/2ch/main/1021057195.html#526. The adidas sneaker was popularized by the Run DMC song "My adidas" and became a huge fashion trend. Inoue himself claims to have been using the Kimoto name regularly. In the 1980s, adidas sneakers became popular amongst teenagers and young men.

Police later found out that the name was an alias. This will propel adidas to the number two spot in terms of foot apparel market behind Nike. The Police and the media initially used this name, as the man used it to identify himself, and the claim could not be verified. The acquisition would increase its market share in North America and allow it to further compete with Nike. Earlier versions of this article had stated the name of the 41-year-old man as "Katsuhiko Kimoto". In August 2005, the company announced that it had made a deal to acquire rival Reebok for $3.8 billion. The chief competitors of adidas are PUMA and Nike.

. Rudolf Dassler, Adi's brother, founded a rival company, PUMA. The company's clothing and shoe designs typically include three parallel stripes of the same color, and the same motif is incorporated into adidas' official logos. It registered as adidas AG on 18 August 1949.

adidas was named after its founder, Adolf (Adi) Dassler, who started producing shoes in the 1920s in Herzogenaurach near Nuremberg. adidas is a German sports apparel manufacturer, part of the adidas-Salomon corporation. His self-admitted secret was simply copying what Nike and Reebok did. He has been highly successful with managing the company until 2001.

CEO (1993-2001): Robert Louis-Dreyfus.