Wachovia


Wachovia Corporation NYSE: WB, based in Charlotte, North Carolina is one of the largest banking chains in the United States.

Origin of Corporate Name

Wachovia, pronounced wah-KO-vee-yah, has one of the most unusual corporate names in the United States. The origin of the name is the Latin form of the German name Wachau. When Moravian settlers arrived in Bethabara, North Carolina in 1753, they gave this name to the land they acquired, because it resembled a valley along the Danube River called Die Wachau. The area formerly known as Bethabara is now inside the city limits of Winston-Salem, North Carolina. (See Old Salem.)

Corporate History

Today's Wachovia Corporation was created by the merger of the legacy Wachovia Corporation and First Union Corporation. While the transaction was billed as a merger of equals, the transaction was actually a purchase of the legacy Wachovia by Charlotte-based First Union Corporation. First Union then took the Wachovia name.

First Union

First Union Corporation was a large banking chain based in Charlotte, North Carolina. It merged with Wachovia Corporation in 2001, and the combined company kept Wachovia's name.

First Union National Bank of North Carolina was originally formed in 1958 with the merger of Union National Bank and First National Bank and Trust Company of Asheville. Over the decades, First Union purchased over 80 other banks before purchasing Wachovia, the majority of them in the 1990s.

CoreStates Financial Purchase

CoreStates Financial Corporation, headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was acquired by First Union in April 1998.

The purchase proved to be a fiasco for a number of reasons. To start with, First Union attempted to rapidly integrate CoreStates' systems into First Union. This attempt led to multiple problems: poorly trained employees (as CoreStates tellers were not familiar with the new systems) and First Union and CoreStates' systems unable to communicate with each other, which led to such problems as account access issues and payments not being correctly applied to loans. As a result, customers left the bank in droves - First Union experienced a 19 percent attrition rate - because of poor customer service and the account issues. Furthermore, First Union substanially overpaid for CoreStates at over 4 times book value.

Partly due to the CoreStates purchase and partially due to 80 other bank purchases over the last few years, First Union experienced several years of lower earnings and no dividend growth. First Union had to restructure and lay off thousands of employees in 1999, partly as a result of the purchase of CoreStates.

Legacy Wachovia

Wachovia Bank and Trust was formed in 1911 by the merger of Wachovia National Bank (founded 1879) and Wachovia Loan and Trust (founded 1893), and was located in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. On December 12, 1986 Wachovia took over First Atlanta. Founded as Atlanta National Bank on September 14, 1865, and later renamed to First National Bank of Atlanta, this institution was the oldest national bank in Atlanta. This purchase made legacy Wachovia one of the few companies with dual headquarters: one in Winston-Salem and one in Atlanta. In 1998, legacy Wachovia acquired two Virginia-based banks, Jefferson National Bank and Central Fidelity Bank. In 2000, legacy Wachovia made its final purchase, which was Republic Security Bank, giving its first entry into Florida.

Merger of First Union and Wachovia

First Union had a terrible reputation for incompetence and fraud. The reputation was so bad that the company felt that it had to abandon its brand name and acquire a new one. First Union found a far small bank that had a good reputation, and proceeded to purchase it in order to cover up its past. Unfortunately for First Union's customers, the bank itself had not change. This tactic is similiar to ValueJet renaming itself after it killed a plane full of passengers to make an extra buck by carying volatile materials.

First Union, now Wachovia, has proceeded to trash the Wachovia named. However, the company has taken steps to silence anyone who gives an honest opinion of the bank. Recently, Wachovia has sued for and obtained several domain names of sites warning people about Wachovia, including wachovia-sucks.com. As of this writing, the domain name is owned by Wachovia, but is not being used. This is very ironic since the company weasled the judge into believing that the legitimate owner had no interest in the domain name, but Wachovia did.

On April 16, 2001, Charlotte-based First Union Corporation announced it would merge with Winston-Salem-based Wachovia Corporation. Although the merger was billed in the proxy as a merger of equals by pooling, the deal was actually a purchase of Wachovia by First Union. This was viewed with great surprise by the financial press and security analysts. While Wachovia had been viewed as an acquisition candidate after running into problems with earnings and credit quality in 2000, the suitor shocked analysts as most assumed that should Wachovia be sold it would be to SunTrust in the long-assumed "Smoke-and-Coke" merger (the nickname coming from Wachovia's long relationship with tobacco companies and SunTrust's holdings of Coke stock dating from Coke's initial public offering). The former CEO of Wachovia, Bud Baker, later said that he and First Union's CEO, Ken Thompson, met at interstate motels to keep their talks of merger as secret as possible.

As an important part of the deal, First Union would shed its name and assumed the Wachovia identity and stock ticker. Analysts said this move was most likely to help First Union acquire a new identity, as Wachovia's reputation was far better with consumers than First Union. At the same time, Wachovia's name and corporate identity would survive, an important source of pride to Wachovia's board.

The deal was met with criticism and doubt by several groups. Analysts were concerned of First Union's ability to merge with another large company because of the CoreStates deal. Citizens and politicians of Winston-Salem suffered from a hurt of their civic pride because the city would lose Wachovia's corporate headquarters to Charlotte, partly because Winston-Salem is a much smaller city than Charlotte. The city of Winston-Salem was concerned both by job losses by the move and the loss of stature from losing a corporation. First Union responded to these concerns by placing the wealth management and Carolinas-region headquarters in Winston-Salem.

On May 14, 2001, Atlanta-based SunTrust announced a rival takeover bid for Wachovia, the first hostile takeover attempt in the banking sector in many years. In its effort to make the "Smoke-and-Coke" deal appeal to investors, SunTrust argued that it would provide a smoother transition than First Union and offered a higher cash price for Wachovia stock than First Union. Long a rumored suitor for Wachovia, SunTrust had been in on-again off-again merger talks with it over the course of many years, with both Wachovia and SunTrust eventually confirming the most recent effort took place during the winter of 2000 before Wachovia terminated the discussions.

On August 3, 2001, Wachovia shareholders approved the First Union deal. They rejected SunTrust's attempts to elect a new Board of Directors for Wachovia, and thus, ended SunTrust's hostile takeover.

Another problem concerned each banks' credit card divisions. In April of 2001, Wachovia agreed to sell its $8 billon credit card portfolio to Bank One. The cards, which would have still been branded as Wachovia, would have been issued through Bank One's First USA division. First Union sold their credit card portfolio to MBNA in August of 2000. After entering into negotiations, the new Wachovia agreed to buy back its portfolio from Bank One in September of 2001 and resell it to MBNA. Wachovia paid Bank One a $350 million termination fee.

On September 4, 2001, First Union and Wachovia officially merged to form the new Wachovia Corporation.

In order to prevent a repeat of the CoreStates fiasco, the new Wachovia took a deliberately long period of time to combine the banking operations of the new company. Over a period of several years, legacy Wachovia computer systems were converted to First Union systems. The company first began converting systems in the Southeast United States (where both banks had branches) before moving to the Northeast, where First Union branches only had to change their signs to reflect the new company name and logo. This process officially ended on August 18, 2003, almost 2 years after the merger took place.

In comparison the CoreStates purchase, the merger of First Union and Wachovia has been a huge success. The company's slow strategy to combine seems to have prevented large customer attrition rates. In fact, Wachovia has been ranked number one in customer satisfaction every year since the merger. In addition, the company's stock price has remained strong, and provided a good return to legacy Wachovia shareholders, in contrast to SunTrust's claims during the takeover attempt. The company has also been reporting record revenues since the merger.

When Wachovia and First Union merged, the multiple skyscrapers with First Union's name came under Wachovia's name. Charlotte, North Carolina's One, Two, Three, and Four First Union buildings became One, Two, Three, and Four, Wachovia Center (respectively), and the 55-story First Union Tower in downtown Miami became the Wachovia Tower. The merger also affected the names of the indoor professional sports arenas in Philadelphia and Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Formerly known as the First Union Center and the First Union Spectrum (both Philadelphia) and First Union Arena (Wilkes-Barre), they are now known as the Wachovia Center, Wachovia Spectrum, and Wachovia Arena.

Wachovia Today

Wachovia is currently ranked number 23 on the Forbes 500 list for 2003, and is the fourth largest bank holding company in the US. It has banking centers in 15 East coast states and Washington, D.C. It also operates Wachovia Securities, its brokerage services subsidiary.

On November 1, 2004, Wachovia completed the acquisition of banking competitor SouthTrust Corporation, a transaction valued at $14.3 billion. The merger created the largest bank in the southeast, the fourth largest bank in the United States in terms of holdings, and the second largest in terms of number of branches.

Wachovia will enter the California market with its purchase of Western Financial Bank. This purchase will give Wachovia 19 branches in Southern California, but more importantly, will more than double the size of Wachovia's dealer financial services business, making it the nation's ninth largest auto loan originator.

In June of 2005, Wachovia negotiated to purchase monoline credit card company MBNA. However, the deal fell through when Wachovia balked at MBNA's purchase price. Within a week of the deal's collapse, MBNA entered into an agreement to be purchased by Wachovia's chief rival, Bank of America. Wachovia is set to get $100 million out of this deal. Multiple sources have reported that as part of its agreement with Wachovia, MBNA is required to pay the nine-figure sum if it ever sells to Wachovia's cross-town rival Bank of America. The payment is part of the agreement Wachovia predecessor First Union made in 2000 when it sold its credit card portfolio to MBNA.

On November 2, 2005 Wachovia announced that it would end its credit card relationship with MBNA and start up its own credit card division. As of 2006, new credit card accounts opened through Wachovia will remain with this new division. Nevertheless, speculation remains that Wachovia may buy Capital One. This purchase would give Wachovia an established credit card division, plus allow it to establish (via Capital One's purchase of Hibernia National Bank) a banking presence in Louisiana and strengthen its presence in Texas. Interestingly, Capital One was originally established as the credit card division of Signet Bank, which was later purchased by First Union prior to the Wachovia merger.

Recent Events

  • Bank security breach may be biggest yet
  • Wachovia lets hackers get access to bank accounts
  • Wachovia knew or should have known that customers' private information was being stolen or misappropriated
  • More than 100,000 customers of Wachovia and Bank of America have been notified that their financial records may have been stolen
  • The theft affected nearly 50,000 Wachovia customers, and the bank knew it ...
  • Scope of bank data theft grows to 676,000 customers
  • 700,000 Bank Customers' Account Information Allegedly Stolen
  • Wachovia named fourth WORST bank in the world

Major Sponsorships

In addition to the venues in Philadelphia and Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, Wachovia also sponsors an annual PGA tournament in Charlotte, called the Wachovia Championship. They also sponsor the following teams:

  1. New York Giants (NFL)
  2. Miami Dolphins (NFL)
  3. Charlotte Bobcats (NBA)
  4. Philadelphia 76ers (NBA)
  5. San Antonio Spurs (NBA)
  6. Houston Rockets (NBA)
  7. Jacksonville Jaguars (NFL)

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They also sponsor the following teams:. Similarly Geoffrey of Monmouth traces the legendary kings of Britain to a supposed descendant of Aeneas called Brutus. In addition to the venues in Philadelphia and Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, Wachovia also sponsors an annual PGA tournament in Charlotte, called the Wachovia Championship. The most famous is undoubtedly that promulgated by Virgil in the Aeneid, tracing the ancestry of the founders of Rome, and more specifically the Julio-Claudian dynasty, to the Trojan prince Aeneas. Interestingly, Capital One was originally established as the credit card division of Signet Bank, which was later purchased by First Union prior to the Wachovia merger. Such was the fame of the Trojan story in Roman and medieval times that it was built upon to provide a starting point for various legends of national origin. This purchase would give Wachovia an established credit card division, plus allow it to establish (via Capital One's purchase of Hibernia National Bank) a banking presence in Louisiana and strengthen its presence in Texas. For many years also the site was unguarded and was thoroughly looted.

Nevertheless, speculation remains that Wachovia may buy Capital One. The archaeological site itself is, as a recent writer said, "a ruin of a ruin," because the site has been frequently excavated, and because Schliemann's archaeological methods were very destructive: in his conviction that the city of Priam would be found in the earliest layers, he demolished many interesting structures from later eras, including all of the house walls from Troy II. As of 2006, new credit card accounts opened through Wachovia will remain with this new division. The visitor sees a highly commercialised site, with a large wooden horse built as a playground for children, then shops and a museum. On November 2, 2005 Wachovia announced that it would end its credit card relationship with MBNA and start up its own credit card division. A large number of tourists visit the site each year, mostly coming from Istanbul by bus or by ferry via Çanakkale, the nearest major town about 50 km to the north-east. The payment is part of the agreement Wachovia predecessor First Union made in 2000 when it sold its credit card portfolio to MBNA. The archaeological site is officially called Troy by the Turkish government and appears as such on many maps.

Multiple sources have reported that as part of its agreement with Wachovia, MBNA is required to pay the nine-figure sum if it ever sells to Wachovia's cross-town rival Bank of America. Today there is a Turkish town called Truva in the vicinity of the archaeological site, but this town has grown up recently to service the tourist trade. Wachovia is set to get $100 million out of this deal. Even though Homer was Ionian, the Iliad reflects the geography known to the Mycenaean Greeks, showing detailed knowledge of the mainland but not extending to the Ionian islands or Anatolia, which suggests that the Iliad reproduces an account of events handed down by tradition, to which the author did not add his own geographical knowledge. Within a week of the deal's collapse, MBNA entered into an agreement to be purchased by Wachovia's chief rival, Bank of America. Linguistically, a few verses of the Iliad suggest great antiquity, because they only fit the meter if projected back into Mycenaean Greek, suggesting a poetic tradition spanning the Greek Dark Ages. However, the deal fell through when Wachovia balked at MBNA's purchase price. Such a historical background gives a credible explanation for the geographical knowledge of Troy (which could, however, also have been obtained in Homer's time by visiting the traditional site of the city) and otherwise unmotivated elements in the poem (in particular the detailed Catalogue of Ships).

In June of 2005, Wachovia negotiated to purchase monoline credit card company MBNA. Much legendary material would have been added during this time, but in this view it is meaningful to ask for archaeological and textual evidence corresponding to events referred to in the Iliad. This purchase will give Wachovia 19 branches in Southern California, but more importantly, will more than double the size of Wachovia's dealer financial services business, making it the nation's ninth largest auto loan originator. In this view, the poem's core could reflect a historical campaign that took place at the eve of the decline of the Mycenaean civilization. Wachovia will enter the California market with its purchase of Western Financial Bank. Another view is that Homer was heir to an unbroken tradition of epic poetry reaching back some 500 years into Mycenaean times. The merger created the largest bank in the southeast, the fourth largest bank in the United States in terms of holdings, and the second largest in terms of number of branches. The identification of the hill at Hissarlik as Troy is, in this view, a late development, following the Greek colonisation of Asia Minor in the 8th century BC.

On November 1, 2004, Wachovia completed the acquisition of banking competitor SouthTrust Corporation, a transaction valued at $14.3 billion. In this view, no historical city of Troy existed anywhere: the name derives from a people called the Troies, who probably lived in central Greece. It also operates Wachovia Securities, its brokerage services subsidiary. In recent years scholars have suggested that the Homeric stories represented a synthesis of many old Greek stories of various Bronze Age sieges and expeditions, fused together in the Greek memory during the "dark ages" which followed the fall of the Mycenean civilization. It has banking centers in 15 East coast states and Washington, D.C. Others accept that there may be a foundation of historical events in the Homeric stories, but say that in the absence of independent evidence it is not possible to separate fact from myth in the stories. Wachovia is currently ranked number 23 on the Forbes 500 list for 2003, and is the fourth largest bank holding company in the US. Some archaeologists and historians maintain that none of the events in Homer are historical.

Formerly known as the First Union Center and the First Union Spectrum (both Philadelphia) and First Union Arena (Wilkes-Barre), they are now known as the Wachovia Center, Wachovia Spectrum, and Wachovia Arena. It may be possible to establish connections between either story and real places and events, but these always risk to be subject to selection bias. The merger also affected the names of the indoor professional sports arenas in Philadelphia and Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. In both cases, an ancient writer's story is now seen by some to be true, by others to be mythology or fiction. Charlotte, North Carolina's One, Two, Three, and Four First Union buildings became One, Two, Three, and Four, Wachovia Center (respectively), and the 55-story First Union Tower in downtown Miami became the Wachovia Tower. The ostensible historicity of Homer's Troy faces the same hurdles as with Plato's Atlantis. When Wachovia and First Union merged, the multiple skyscrapers with First Union's name came under Wachovia's name. No scholars assume that the individual events in the tale (many of which centrally involve divine intervention) are historical fact; on the other hand, no scholars claim that the scenery is entirely devoid of memories of Mycenaean times: it is rather a subjective question of whether the factual content is rather more or rather less than one would have expected.

The company has also been reporting record revenues since the merger. The story of the Iliad is not an account of the war, but a tale of the psychology, the wrath, vengeance and death of individual heroes that assumes common knowledge of the Trojan War to create a backdrop. In addition, the company's stock price has remained strong, and provided a good return to legacy Wachovia shareholders, in contrast to SunTrust's claims during the takeover attempt. The more we know about Bronze Age history, the clearer it becomes that it is not a yes-or-no question but one of educated assessment of how much historical knowledge is present in Homer. In fact, Wachovia has been ranked number one in customer satisfaction every year since the merger. The dispute over the historicity of the Iliad was very heated at times. The company's slow strategy to combine seems to have prevented large customer attrition rates. Historical Wilusa was one of the Arzawa lands, in loose alliance with the Hittite Empire, and written reference to the city is therefore to be expected in Hittite correspondence rather than in Mycenaean palace archives.

In comparison the CoreStates purchase, the merger of First Union and Wachovia has been a huge success. The Mycenaean Greeks of the 13th century BC had colonized the Greek mainland and Crete, and were only beginning to make forays into Anatolia, establishing a bridgehead in Miletus (Millawanda). This process officially ended on August 18, 2003, almost 2 years after the merger took place. A name Wilion or Troia does not appear in any of the Greek written records from the Mycenean sites. The company first began converting systems in the Southeast United States (where both banks had branches) before moving to the Northeast, where First Union branches only had to change their signs to reflect the new company name and logo. But even if that is accepted, it is of course no positive proof of identity with Homeric (W)ilion. Over a period of several years, legacy Wachovia computer systems were converted to First Union systems. Our emerging understanding of the geography of the Hittite Empire makes it very likely that the site corresponds to the city of Wilusa.

In order to prevent a repeat of the CoreStates fiasco, the new Wachovia took a deliberately long period of time to combine the banking operations of the new company. A single seal of a Luwian scribe has been found in one of the houses, proving the presence of written correspondence in the city, but not a single text. On September 4, 2001, First Union and Wachovia officially merged to form the new Wachovia Corporation. This is probably due to the planification of the former hillfort during the construction of Hellenistic Ilium (Troy IX), destroying the parts that most likely contained the city archives. Wachovia paid Bank One a $350 million termination fee. No text or artifact has been found on site itself which clearly identifies the Bronze Age site. After entering into negotiations, the new Wachovia agreed to buy back its portfolio from Bank One in September of 2001 and resell it to MBNA. The events described in Homer's Iliad, even if based on historical events that preceded its composition by some 450 years, will never be completely identifiable with historical or archaeological facts, even if there was a Bronze Age city on the site now called Troy, and even if that city was destroyed by fire or war at about the same time as the time postulated for the Trojan War.

First Union sold their credit card portfolio to MBNA in August of 2000. The identifications of Wilusa with archaeological Troy and of the Achaeans with the Ahhiyawa remain controversial, but gained enough popularity during the 1990s to be considered a majority opinion. The cards, which would have still been branded as Wachovia, would have been issued through Bank One's First USA division. Hittite texts mention a water tunnel at Wilusa, and a water tunnel excavated by Korfmann, previously thought to be Roman, has been dated to around 2600 BC. In April of 2001, Wachovia agreed to sell its $8 billon credit card portfolio to Bank One. Recent evidence adds weight to the theory that Wilusa is identical to archaeological Troy. Another problem concerned each banks' credit card divisions. Trevor Bryce in 1998 championed them in his book The Kingdom of the Hittites, citing a recovered piece of the so-called Manapa-Tarhunda letter, which refers to the kingdom of Wilusa as beyond the land of the Seha (known in classical times as the Caicus) river, and near the land of Lazpa (the Isle of Lesbos).

They rejected SunTrust's attempts to elect a new Board of Directors for Wachovia, and thus, ended SunTrust's hostile takeover. These identifications were rejected by many scholars as being improbable or at least unprovable. On August 3, 2001, Wachovia shareholders approved the First Union deal. This people have been identified with the Homeric Greeks (Achaeans). Long a rumored suitor for Wachovia, SunTrust had been in on-again off-again merger talks with it over the course of many years, with both Wachovia and SunTrust eventually confirming the most recent effort took place during the winter of 2000 before Wachovia terminated the discussions. 1320 BC wrote a letter to the king of the Ahhiyawa, treating him as an equal and implying that Miletus (Millawanda) was controlled by the Ahhiyawa, and also referring to an earlier "Wilusa episode" involving hostility on the part of the Ahhiyawa. In its effort to make the "Smoke-and-Coke" deal appeal to investors, SunTrust argued that it would provide a smoother transition than First Union and offered a higher cash price for Wachovia stock than First Union. The Hittite king Mursili II in ca.

On May 14, 2001, Atlanta-based SunTrust announced a rival takeover bid for Wachovia, the first hostile takeover attempt in the banking sector in many years. He further noted that the name of Alaksandus, king of Wilusa, mentioned in one of the Hittite texts is quite similar to the name of Prince Alexandros or Paris of Troy. First Union responded to these concerns by placing the wealth management and Carolinas-region headquarters in Winston-Salem. In the 1920s the Swiss scholar Emil Forrer claimed that placenames found in Hittite texts — Wilusa and Taruisa — should be identified with Ilium and Troia respectively. The city of Winston-Salem was concerned both by job losses by the move and the loss of stature from losing a corporation. Korfmann died on 11 August 2005, and since the digging permit was tied to his person, it is uncertain how and when the excavations will continue. Citizens and politicians of Winston-Salem suffered from a hurt of their civic pride because the city would lose Wachovia's corporate headquarters to Charlotte, partly because Winston-Salem is a much smaller city than Charlotte. Possible evidence of a battle was also found in the form of arrowheads found in layers dated to the early 12th century BC.

Analysts were concerned of First Union's ability to merge with another large company because of the CoreStates deal. It is claimed by Korfmann that the ditch may have once have marked the outer defences of a much larger city than had previously been suspected. The deal was met with criticism and doubt by several groups. Remains found in the ditch were dated to the late Bronze Age, the alleged time of Homeric Troy. At the same time, Wachovia's name and corporate identity would survive, an important source of pride to Wachovia's board. In August 2003 following a magnetic imaging survey of the fields below the fort, a deep ditch was located and excavated among the ruins of a later Greek and Roman city. Analysts said this move was most likely to help First Union acquire a new identity, as Wachovia's reputation was far better with consumers than First Union. The question of Troy's status in the Bronze Age world has been the subject of a sometimes acerbic debate between Korfmann and the Tübingen historian Frank Kolb in 2001/2002.

As an important part of the deal, First Union would shed its name and assumed the Wachovia identity and stock ticker. In 1988 excavations were resumed by a team of the University of Tübingen and the University of Cincinnati under the direction of Professor Manfred Korfmann. The former CEO of Wachovia, Bud Baker, later said that he and First Union's CEO, Ken Thompson, met at interstate motels to keep their talks of merger as secret as possible. These excavations have shown that were at least nine cities built one on top of each other at this site. While Wachovia had been viewed as an acquisition candidate after running into problems with earnings and credit quality in 2000, the suitor shocked analysts as most assumed that should Wachovia be sold it would be to SunTrust in the long-assumed "Smoke-and-Coke" merger (the nickname coming from Wachovia's long relationship with tobacco companies and SunTrust's holdings of Coke stock dating from Coke's initial public offering). After Schliemann, the site was further excavated under the direction of Wilhelm Dörpfeld (1893/4) and later Carl Blegen (1932-8). This was viewed with great surprise by the financial press and security analysts. Schliemann declared one of these cities—at first Troy I, later Troy II—to be the city of Troy, and this identification was widely accepted at that time.

Although the merger was billed in the proxy as a merger of equals by pooling, the deal was actually a purchase of Wachovia by First Union. Here he discovered the ruins of a series of ancient cities, dating from the Bronze Age to the Roman period. On April 16, 2001, Charlotte-based First Union Corporation announced it would merge with Winston-Salem-based Wachovia Corporation. In the 1870s (in two campaigns, 1871-73 and 1878/9), however, the German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann excavated a hill, called Hissarlik by the Turks, near the town of Chanak (Çanakkale) in north-western Anatolia. This is very ironic since the company weasled the judge into believing that the legitimate owner had no interest in the domain name, but Wachovia did. With the rise of modern critical history, Troy and the Trojan War were consigned to the realms of legend. As of this writing, the domain name is owned by Wachovia, but is not being used. In Byzantine times the city declined gradually, and eventually disappeared.

Recently, Wachovia has sued for and obtained several domain names of sites warning people about Wachovia, including wachovia-sucks.com. The last city on this site, Hellenistic Ilium, was founded by Romans during the reign of the emperor Augustus and was an important trading city until the establishment of Constantinople in the fourth century as the eastern capital of the Roman Empire. However, the company has taken steps to silence anyone who gives an honest opinion of the bank. 1020 BC) appear to have been destroyed by fires. First Union, now Wachovia, has proceeded to trash the Wachovia named. 1120 BC) and Troy VIIb2 (ca. This tactic is similiar to ValueJet renaming itself after it killed a plane full of passengers to make an extra buck by carying volatile materials. Troy VIIb1 (ca.

Unfortunately for First Union's customers, the bank itself had not change. However, only small portions of the city have been excavated, and the finds are too scarce to clearly favour destruction by war over a natural disaster. First Union found a far small bank that had a good reputation, and proceeded to purchase it in order to cover up its past. Three bronze arrowheads were found, two in the fort and one in the city. The reputation was so bad that the company felt that it had to abandon its brand name and acquire a new one. Partial human remains were found in houses and in the streets, and near the north-western ramparts a human skeleton with skull injuries and a broken jawbone. First Union had a terrible reputation for incompetence and fraud. Until the 1988 excavations, the problem was that Troy VII seemed to be a hill-top fort, and not a city of the size described by Homer, but later identification of parts of the city ramparts suggests a city of considerable size.

In 2000, legacy Wachovia made its final purchase, which was Republic Security Bank, giving its first entry into Florida. It appears to have been destroyed by a war, and there are traces of a fire. In 1998, legacy Wachovia acquired two Virginia-based banks, Jefferson National Bank and Central Fidelity Bank. The archaeological layer known as Troy VIIa, which has been dated on the basis of pottery styles to the mid- to late-13th century BC, is the most often-cited candidate for the Troy of Homer. This purchase made legacy Wachovia one of the few companies with dual headquarters: one in Winston-Salem and one in Atlanta. Only a single arrowhead was found in this layer, and no bodily remains. Founded as Atlanta National Bank on September 14, 1865, and later renamed to First National Bank of Atlanta, this institution was the oldest national bank in Atlanta. Troy VI was destroyed around 1300 BC, probably by an earthquake.

On December 12, 1986 Wachovia took over First Atlanta. During the Bronze Age, the site seems to have been a flourishing mercantile city, since its location allowed for complete control of the Dardanelles, through which every merchant ship from the Aegean Sea heading for the Black Sea had to pass. Wachovia Bank and Trust was formed in 1911 by the merger of Wachovia National Bank (founded 1879) and Wachovia Loan and Trust (founded 1893), and was located in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The first city was founded in the 3rd millennium BC. First Union had to restructure and lay off thousands of employees in 1999, partly as a result of the purchase of CoreStates. The layers of ruins on the site are numbered Troy I – Troy IX, with various subdivisions:. Partly due to the CoreStates purchase and partially due to 80 other bank purchases over the last few years, First Union experienced several years of lower earnings and no dividend growth. Once Troy fell, the Trojans on the European shore fled northward and ended up as the Etruscans in Italy.

Furthermore, First Union substanially overpaid for CoreStates at over 4 times book value. During the Trojan War, the Greeks used a naval blockade to prevent Trojans on the European shore and on Lemnos from coming to the aid of Troy. As a result, customers left the bank in droves - First Union experienced a 19 percent attrition rate - because of poor customer service and the account issues. After attacking and destroying the Hittite Empire, they came to control the Straits. This attempt led to multiple problems: poorly trained employees (as CoreStates tellers were not familiar with the new systems) and First Union and CoreStates' systems unable to communicate with each other, which led to such problems as account access issues and payments not being correctly applied to loans. Dillon argues [7] that the Trojans were originally a steppe people related to the Magyars. To start with, First Union attempted to rapidly integrate CoreStates' systems into First Union. Historian Kenneth J.

The purchase proved to be a fiasco for a number of reasons. Immanuel Velikovsky, while accepting the traditional geography of the Trojan War, argued [6] that the Greek Dark Ages never happened, and that the Trojan War was fought several centuries later than is now generally believed. CoreStates Financial Corporation, headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was acquired by First Union in April 1998. Dr. Over the decades, First Union purchased over 80 other banks before purchasing Wachovia, the majority of them in the 1990s. Neither theory is generally accepted by classicists. First Union National Bank of North Carolina was originally formed in 1958 with the merger of Union National Bank and First National Bank and Trust Company of Asheville. Iman Wilkins has located Troy in England [4], while Felipe Vinci places it in southern Finland [5].

It merged with Wachovia Corporation in 2001, and the combined company kept Wachovia's name. A small minority of contemporary scholars dispute the Anatolian location of Homer's Troy. First Union Corporation was a large banking chain based in Charlotte, North Carolina. Their conclusion was that there is regularly a consistency between the location of Troy as identified by Schliemann (and other locations such as the Greek camp), the geological evidence, and descriptions of the topology and accounts of the battle in the Iliad. First Union then took the Wachovia name. The geologists compared the present geology with the landscapes and coastal features described in the Iliad and other classical sources, notably Strabo's Geographia. While the transaction was billed as a merger of equals, the transaction was actually a purchase of the legacy Wachovia by Charlotte-based First Union Corporation. Luce from Trinity College, Dublin presented the results (see [1], [2], & [3]) of investigations into the geology of the region that had started in 1977.

Today's Wachovia Corporation was created by the merger of the legacy Wachovia Corporation and First Union Corporation. Kraft from the University of Delaware and John V. (See Old Salem.). In November 2001, geologists John C. The area formerly known as Bethabara is now inside the city limits of Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Ancient Greek historians placed the Trojan War variously in the 12th, 13th or 14th century BC: Eratosthenes to 1184 BC, Herodotus to 1250 BC, Douris to 1334 BC. When Moravian settlers arrived in Bethabara, North Carolina in 1753, they gave this name to the land they acquired, because it resembled a valley along the Danube River called Die Wachau. Alexander the Great, for example, visited the site in 334 BC and made sacrifices at the alleged tombs of the Homeric heroes Achilles and Patroclus.

The origin of the name is the Latin form of the German name Wachau. The Greeks and Romans took for a fact the historicity of the Trojan War, and in the identity of Homeric Troy with the site in Anatolia. Wachovia, pronounced wah-KO-vee-yah, has one of the most unusual corporate names in the United States. The Homeric legend of Troy was elaborated by the Roman poet Virgil in his work the Aeneid. . Besides the Iliad, there are references to Troy in the other major work attributed to Homer, the Odyssey, as well as in other ancient Greek writings. Wachovia Corporation NYSE: WB, based in Charlotte, North Carolina is one of the largest banking chains in the United States. The site of the ancient city today is some 15 kilometers from the coast, but the ancient mouths of Scamander, some 3,000 years ago, were some 5 kilometers further inland, pouring into a bay that has since been filled with alluvial material.


. The city of Troy itself stood on a hill, across the plain of Scamander, where the battles of the Trojan War took place. Jacksonville Jaguars (NFL). In the Iliad, the Achaeans set up their camp near the mouth of the river Scamander (modern Karamenderes), where they had beached their ships. Houston Rockets (NBA). Aeneas landed there and Helenus foretold his future. San Antonio Spurs (NBA). Buthrotos (or Buthrotum) was a city in Epirus where Helenus, the Trojan seer, built a replica of Troy.

Philadelphia 76ers (NBA). The altar of Panomphaean (‘source of all oracles’) was dedicated to Jupiter the Thunderer (Tonatus) near Troy. Charlotte Bobcats (NBA). Mount Ida ("Mount of the Goddess") in Asia Minor, is where Ganymede was abducted by Zeus, where Anchises was seduced by Aphrodite, where Aphrodite gave birth to Aeneas, where Paris lived as a shepherd, where the nymphs lived, where the "Judgement of Paris" took place, where the Greek gods watched the Trojan War, where Hera distracted Zeus with her seductions long enough to permit the taking of Troy, and where Aeneas and his followers rested and waited until the Greeks set out for Greece. Miami Dolphins (NFL). This law was adopted by King Dunvallo Molmutius (from Brutus) in his code and is still in effect today in Britain. New York Giants (NFL). Gordon allowed queens as well as kings.

Wachovia named fourth WORST bank in the world. A Trojan law mentioned by E.O. 700,000 Bank Customers' Account Information Allegedly Stolen. Pegsis was the naiad of the River Grenikos near Troy. Scope of bank data theft grows to 676,000 customers. The Aisepid nymphs were the naiads of the Trojan River Aisepos. The theft affected nearly 50,000 Wachovia customers, and the bank knew it ... Some of the Trojan allies were the Hittites and the Amazons.

More than 100,000 customers of Wachovia and Bank of America have been notified that their financial records may have been stolen. Kapys, Boukolion, Aisakos, and Paris were Trojan princes who had naias wives. Wachovia knew or should have known that customers' private information was being stolen or misappropriated. Some famous Trojans are: Dardanus (founder of Troy), Laomedon, Ganymede, Priam, Paris, Hector, Teucer, Aesacus, Oenone, Telamon, Tithonus, Antigone, Memnon, Corythus, Aeneas, Brutus, and Elymus. Wachovia lets hackers get access to bank accounts. The Persians invaded in 546 BC. Bank security breach may be biggest yet. The Ionians, Cimmerians, Phrygians, Milesians of Sinope, and Lydians moved into Asia Minor.

Trojan rule in Asia Minor was replaced by the "sons of Herakles" dynasty in Sardis that ruled for 505 years until the time of Candaules. The Trojan ships transformed into naiads, who rejoiced to see the wreckage of Odysseus' ship. The Maxyans were a west Libyan tribe who said that they were descended from the men of Troy, according to Herodotus. During his reign, the Mycenaean Greeks invaded and captured Troy in the Trojan War (traditionally dated to 1193 BC-1183 BC).

Priam later became king. One generation before the Trojan War, Heracles captured Troy and killed Laomedon and his sons, except for young Priam. Pestilence came and the sea monster snatched away the people of the plain. When Laomedon refused to pay, Poseidon flooded the land and demanded the sacrifice of Hesione to a sea monster.

Poseidon and Apollo built the walls and fortifications around Troy for Laomedon, son of Ilus the younger. Zeus gave Ilus the Palladium. Ilus, son of Tros, founded the city of Ilium (Troy) that he called after himself. Upon Dardanus' death, the Kingdom was passed to his grandson Tros, who called the people Trojans and the land Troad, after himself.

Eventually Dardanus married Teucer's daughters, and founded Dardania (later ruled by Aeneas). Teucer was himself also a coloniser from Attica, and treated Dardanus with respect. Dardanus, the legendary founder of Troy, crossed over to Asia Minor from the insland of Samothrace, where he met Teucer. The Trojan royal family was started by Electra and Zeus, the parents of Dardanus.

Troy was known for its riches, gained from port trade with east and west, fancy clothes, iron production, and massive defensive walls. According to Greek mythology, the Trojans were the ancient citizens of the city of Troy in the Troad area, in the land of Asia Minor (or Little Asia, now Turkey). The story of the Trojans first began in myth and legend. .

While such an identity is disputed, the site has been successfully identified with the city called Wilusa in Hittite texts; Ilion (which goes back to earlier Wilion with a digamma) is thought to be the Greek rendition of that name. One of the earlier cities (Troy VII) is often identified with Homeric Troy. Later excavations revealed several cities built in succession to one another. In the 1870s the German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann excavated the area.

The Roman city of Celeia (now Celje in Slovenia) has been referred to by some writers as Troia secunda ("the second Troy"). It flourished until the establishment of Constantinople, and declined gradually during Byzantine times. A new city of Ilium was founded on the site that many believed to be the location of the legendary Ilion in the reign of the Roman Emperor Augustus. Troy (Truva, Hissarlik 39°58′N 26°13′E) is also the name of an archaeological site, the traditional location of Homeric Troy, in Asia Minor or Anatolia, close to the seacoast in what is now northwest Turkey, southwest of the Dardanelles under Mount Ida.

Troy (Turkish: Truva, Greek Τροία Troia also Ἰλιον; Latin: Troia, Ilium) is a legendary city, scene of the Trojan War, part of which is described in Homer's Iliad, an epic poem in Ancient Greek, composed in the 8th or 7th century BC, but containing older material (Iliad means "epic of Ilion"). Troy IX: Hellenistic Ilium, 1st century BC. Troy VIII: around 700 BC. 950 BC.

Troy VIIb3: until ca. Troy VIIb2: 11th century BC. Troy VIIb1: 12th century BC. 1300 – 1190 BC, most likely candidate for Homeric Troy.

Troy VIIa: ca. Troy VIh: late Bronze Age, 14th century BC. Troy VI: 17th – 15th centuries BC. Troy V: 20th – 18th centuries BC.

Troy I – Troy IV: early Bronze Age (3rd millennium BC).