Volare Airlines

Volare's subsidiary Air Europe continues to fly some international routes.
. Since then, the airline has come out of bankruptcy and is now flying Italian domestic routes. About 2.6 million persons registered as Palestinian refugees and displaced persons reside in Jordan, most as citizens. Volare suspended its operations in November 2004 and filed for bankruptcy. Most people live where the rainfall supports agriculture. At one time the airline operated flights from Italy to Spain, Germany, France, Belgium, Czech Republic and Romania. About 70% of Jordan's population is urban; less than 6% of the rural population is nomadic or semi-nomadic.

Volare Airlines, also known by its volareweb.com brand, is a low-fares airline based in Italy. The official language is Arabic, but English is used widely in commerce and government. Callsign: Revola. Jordanians are Semitic Levantines , except for a few small communities of Chechens, Circassians, Assyrians, Armenians, and Kurds which have adapted to Arabic culture. ICAO Code: VLE. Following the Sharm-al-Sheik Summit in Egypt on 8 February 2005, both countries announced plans to return ambassadors to the country. IATA Code: VA. Following the intifadah, though, Jordan along with Egypt withdrew its ambassadors from Israel.

Since the outbreak of the Intifadah in September 2000, Jordan has worked hard, in a variety of fora, to maintain lines of communication between the Israelis and the Palestinians to counsel moderation and to return the parties to negotiations of outstanding permanent status issues. Jordan also is a member of the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), Nonaligned Movement (NAM), and Arab League. Jordan belongs to the UN and several of its specialized and related agencies, including the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Meteorological Organization (IMO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and World Health Organization (WHO). Jordan also participates in the multilateral peace talks.

has participated with Jordan and Israel in trilateral development discussions in which key issues have been water-sharing and security; cooperation on Jordan Rift Valley development; infrastructure projects; and trade, finance, and banking issues. The U.S. Jordan and Israel signed a historic peace treaty on 26 October 1994, witnessed by President Bill Clinton, accompanied by Secretary Warren Christopher. Jordan signed a nonbelligerency agreement with Israel (the Washington Declaration) in Washington, DC, on 25 July 1994.

The Government of Jordan signed a memorandum of understanding with the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq to facilitate the training of up to 30,000 Iraqi police cadets at a Jordanian facility. Following the fall of the Iraqi regime, Jordan has played a pivotal role in supporting the restoration of stability and security to Iraq. Relations between Jordan and the Gulf countries improved substantially after King Hussein's death. Following the Gulf war, Jordan largely restored its relations with Western countries through its participation in the Middle East peace process and enforcement of UN sanctions against Iraq.

Although the Government of Jordan stated its opposition to the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait, popular support for Iraq was driven by Jordan's Palestinian community, which favored Saddam as a champion against Western supporters of Israel. These relations were damaged by Jordan's neutrality and maintaining relations with Iraq during the first Gulf War. Jordan has consistently followed a pro-Western foreign policy and traditionally has had close relations with the United States and the United Kingdom. Without calm in the region, economic growth seems destined to stay below its potential.

While pursuing economic reform and increased trade, Jordan's economy will continue to be vulnerable to external shocks and regional unrest. dollar since 1995. Rates of price inflation are low, at 2.3% in 2003, and the currency has been stable with an exchange rate fixed to the U.S. One of the most important factors in the government’s efforts to improve the well-being of its citizens is the macroeconomic stability that has been achieved since the 1990s.

Jordan's population growth rate is high, but has declined in recent years, to approximately 2.8% currently. Education and literacy rates and measures of social well-being are relatively high compared to other countries with similar incomes. Jordan is classified by the World Bank as a "lower middle income country." The per capita GDP was approximately $1,817 (€1,479) for 2003 and 14.5% of the economically active population, on average, was unemployed in 2003. More information on the FTA is available on [1].

Jordan has been a member of the World Trade Organization since 2000. In 1996, Jordan and the United States signed a civil aviation agreement that provides for "open skies" between the two countries, and a U.S.-Jordan treaty for the protection and encouragement of bilateral investment entered into force in 2003. The agreement also provides for more open markets in communications, construction, finance, health, transportation, and services, as well as strict application of international standards for the protection of intellectual property. The Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United States that went into effect in December 2001 will phase out duties on nearly all goods and services by 2010.

The low tax and low regulation Aqaba Special Economic Zone (ASEZ) is considered a model of a government-provided framework for private sector-led economic growth. The government has emphasized the information technology (IT) and tourism sectors as other promising growth sectors. Similar growth in exports to the United States under the bilateral Free Trade Agreement that went into effect in December 2001, to the European Union under the bilateral Association Agreement, and to countries in the region, holds considerable promise for diversifying Jordan's economy away from its traditional reliance on exports of phosphates and potash, overseas remittances, and foreign aid. in 1997, when two-way trade was €321 million ($395 million); it exported €538 million ($661 million) in 2002 with two-way trade at €855 million ($1.05 billion).

Jordan exported €5.6 million ($6.9 million) in goods to the U.S. Since 2000, exports of light manufactured products, principally textiles and garments manufactured in the Qualifying Industrial Zones (QIZ) that enter the United States tariff and quota free, have been driving economic growth. The government plans to extend this pipeline north to the Amman area and beyond. In addition, a natural gas pipeline from Egypt to the southern port city of Aqaba was completed in 2003.

Since early 2003, oil has been provided by some Gulf Cooperation Council member countries. During the 1990s, its crude petroleum needs were met through imports from Iraq and neighboring countries. Jordan also depends on external sources for the majority of its energy requirements. The country is currently exploring ways to expand its limited water supply and use its existing water resources more efficiently, including through regional cooperation.

Jordan is a small country with limited natural resources. However, the western part of the country receives greater precipitation during the rainy season from November to April. The climate in Jordan is dry and hot, since the country is mainly desert. Major cities include the capital Amman in the northwest, Irbid and Az Zarqa, both in the north.

Jordan is considered to be part of the "cradle of humanity". The highest point in the country is Jabal Ram, while the lowest is the Dead Sea. The Great Rift Valley of the Jordan River separates Jordan and Israel. Jordan consists mostly of arid desert plateau in the east, with Highland area in the west.

The Gulf of Aqaba and the Dead Sea also touch the country, and thus Jordan has a coastline of 26 km. All these border lines add up to 1619 km. Jordan is a Middle Eastern country, bordered by Syria to the north, Iraq to the northeast, Saudi Arabia to the east and south and Israel and West Bank to the west. They are the sole authorities for all government departments and development projects in their respective areas.

Administratively, Jordan is divided into 12 governorates, each headed by a governor appointed by the king. While King Abdullah remains the ultimate authority in Jordan, the parliament plays an important role. Moving toward greater independence, Jordan's parliament has investigated corruption charges against several regime figures and has become the major forum in which differing political views, including those of political Islamists, are expressed. Jordan's continuing structural economic difficulties, burgeoning population, and more open political environment led to the emergence of a variety of political parties.

Abdullah, during the first year in power, refocused the government's agenda on economic reform. Abdullah moved quickly to reaffirm Jordan's peace treaty with Israel and its relations with the United States. King Abdullah II succeeded his father Hussein following the latter's death in February 1999. Controversial changes in the election law led Islamist parties to boycott the 1997 elections.

In 1989 and 1993, Jordan held free and fair parliamentary elections. King Hussein ended martial law in 1991 and legalized political parties in 1992. King Hussein ruled Jordan from 1953 to 1999, surviving a number of challenges to his rule, drawing on the loyalty of his military, and serving as a symbol of unity and stability for both the East Bank and Palestinian communities in Jordan. They are the sole authorities for all government departments and development projects in their respective areas.

Administratively, Jordan is divided into eight governorates, each headed by a governor appointed by the king. The constitution provides for three categories of courts – civil, religious, and special. The 40-member Senate is appointed by the king for an 8-year term. Nine seats are reserved for Christians, 6 for women, and three for Circassians and Chechens.

The 110-member Chamber of Deputies, elected by universal suffrage to a 4-year term, is subject to dissolution by the king. Legislative power rests in the bicameral National Assembly. The cabinet is responsible to the Chamber of Deputies on matters of general policy and can be forced to resign by a two-thirds vote of "no confidence" by that body. The council of ministers, led by a prime minister, is appointed by the king, who may dismiss other cabinet members at the prime minister's request.

Cabinet decisions, court judgments, and the national currency are issued in his name. He appoints and may dismiss all judges by decree, approves amendments to the constitution, declares war, and commands the armed forces. His veto power may be overridden by a two-thirds vote of both houses of the National Assembly. The king signs and executes all laws.

Executive authority is vested in the king and his council of ministers. Jordan is a constitutional monarchy based on the constitution promulgated on January 8, 1952. Al-Qaeda in Iraq, a group led by native Jordanian Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, claimed responsibility. At least 57 people died and 115 were wounded.

On November 9, 2005, Jordan experienced three simultaneous bombings at hotels in Amman. Jordan has since sought to remain at peace with all of its neighbours. Following the outbreak of Israeli-Palestinian fighting in September 2000, the Jordanian government offered its good offices to both parties. As a result, an Israeli-Jordanian peace treaty was concluded on October 26, 1994.

It negotiated an end to hostilities with Israel and signed a declaration to that effect on July 25, 1994 (see Washington Declaration). and Russia. In 1991, Jordan agreed, along with Syria, Lebanon, and Palestinian representatives, to participate in direct peace negotiations with Israel sponsored by the U.S. Jordan did not participate in the Gulf War of 1990-91.

No fighting occurred along the 1967 Jordan River cease-fire line during the October 1973 Arab-Israeli war, but Jordan sent a brigade to Syria to fight Israeli units on Syrian territory. At the Rabat summit conference in 1974, Jordan agreed, along with the rest of the Arab League, that the PLO was the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people", thereby relinquishing to that organization its role as representative of the West Bank Palestinians. Sporadic violence continued, however, until Jordanian forces led by Habis Al-Majali won a decisive victory over the fedayeen in July 1971, expelling them from the country. By 22 September, Arab foreign ministers meeting at Cairo had arranged a cease-fire beginning the following day.

In the ensuing heavy fighting, a Syrian tank force took up positions in northern Jordan to support the fedayeen but subsequently retreated. Other Arab governments attempted to work out a peaceful solution, but by September, continuing fedayeen actions in Jordan – including the destruction of three international airliners hijacked by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and held in the desert east of Amman – prompted the government to take action to regain control over its territory and population. The battle in which Palestinian fighters from various Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) groups were expelled from Jordan is commonly known as Black September. The heavily armed fedayeen constituted a growing threat to the sovereignty and security of the Hashemite state, and open fighting erupted in June 1970.

The period following the 1967 war saw an upsurge in the power and importance of Palestinian resistance elements (fedayeen) in Jordan. Its Palestinian refugee population – 700,000 in 1966 – grew by another 300,000 from the West Bank. The 1967 war led to a dramatic increase in the number of Palestinians, especially from the West Bank, living in Jordan. The international community as represented in the United Nations considers the West Bank to be territory occupied by Israel and believes that its final status should be determined through direct negotiations among the parties concerned on the basis of UN Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338.

In 1988, Jordan renounced all claims to the West Bank but retained an administrative role pending a final settlement, and its 1994 treaty with Israel allowed for a continuing Jordanian role in Muslim and Christian holy places in Jerusalem. During the war, Jordan lost its control of the West Bank and all of Jerusalem. Jordan signed a mutual defense pact in May 1967 with Egypt, and it participated in the June 1967 war against Israel along with Syria, Egypt, and Iraq. The annexation was recognised only by the United Kingdom.

In 1950, Transjordan annexed the West Bank, and the country was renamed "the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan" to reflect this. The armistice agreements of 3 April 1949 left Jordan in control of the West Bank and provided that the armistice demarcation lines were without prejudice to future territorial settlements or boundary lines. Transjordan opposed the creation of Israel in May 1948, and took part in the warfare between the Arab states and the newly founded State of Israel. It ended its special defense treaty relationship with the United Kingdom in 1957.

The mandate over Transjordan ended on 22 May 1946; on 25 May, the country became the independent Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan. The British installed the Hashemite Prince Abdullah, while continuing the administration of Palestine and Transjordan under a single British High Commissioner. In 1922, in an attempt to assuage Arab anger resulting from the Balfour Declaration, with the approval of the League of Nations, the British created the semi-autonomous Arab Emirate of Transjordan in all Palestinian territory east of the Jordan river. At the end of World War I, the territory now comprising Israel, Jordan, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and Jerusalem was awarded to the United Kingdom by the League of Nations as the mandate for Palestine.

Subsequent invaders and settlers included Hittites, Egyptians, Israelites, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Arab Muslims, Christian Crusaders, Mameluks, Ottoman Turks, and, finally, the British. Its known history began around 2000 B.C., when Semitic Amorites settled around the Jordan River in the area called Canaan. The land that became Jordan forms part of the history-rich Fertile Crescent region. .

It shares with Israel the coastlines of the Gulf of Aqaba and the Dead Sea. It is bordered by Syria to the north, Iraq to the north-east, Saudi Arabia to the east and south, and Israel and the Israeli-administered West Bank to the west. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, commonly called Jordan (Arabic أردنّ, transliterated ʼUrdunn), is an Arab country in the Middle East. Jordan Planet.

Transportation in Jordan. Royal Jordanian Air Force. Royal Jordanian Airlines. Public holidays in Jordan.

Military of Jordan. List of Prime Ministers of Jordan. Famous people from Jordan. Foreign relations of Jordan.

Communications in Jordan. US State Department [2]. CIA World Factbook. Music of Jordan.

Islam in Jordan. Zarqa. Tafileh. Salt.

Mafraq. Madaba. Ma'an. Kerak.

Jerash. Irbid. Balqa. Aqaba.

Amman. Ajlun.