Sea turtle

Genera
Caretta
Lepidochelys
Chelonia
Eretmochelys
Natator
Dermochelys

Sea turtles are large, ocean-dwelling turtles. There are seven surviving species of sea turtle, all endangered:


Sea turtles are found in all the world's oceans with the exception of the Arctic Ocean, and some species travel between oceans. The Flatback turtle is found solely on the northern coast of Australia. The Leatherback is the largest, measuring six or seven feet (2 m) in length at maturity, and three to five feet (1 to 1.5 m) in width, weighing up to 1300 pounds (600 kg). Most other species are smaller being two to four feet in length (0.5 to 1 m) and proportionally less wide.

Different species are distinguished by varying anatomical aspects: for instance the prefrontal scales on the head, the number of and shape of scutes on the carapace, and the type of inframarginal scutes on the plastron. The Leatherback is the only sea turtle that doesn't have a hard shell instead carrying a mosaic of bony plates beneath its leathery skin.

Sea turtles have an extraordinary sense of time and location. They are highly sensitive to the Earth's magnetic field and probably use it to navigate. The fact that most species return to nest at the locations they were born at seems to indicate an imprint of that location's magnetic features. The ridley turtles are especially peculiar because instead of nesting individually like the other species, they come ashore in one mass arrival known as an "arribada" (the arrival). With the Kemp's ridley this occurs during the day and on only one beach in the entire world. The numbers used to range in the thousands but these days due to the effects of extensive egg poaching and hunting in previous years the numbers are in the hundreds.

After about 30 years of maturing an adult female sea turtle returns to the land to nest, usually on the same beach from which they hatched. This can take place every two to four years in maturity. They make from four to seven nests per nesting season. They dig a hole with their hind flippers and lay from 100 to 150 eggs in it (depending on the species) before covering it up and returning to the ocean. Some of the eggs are unfertilized 'dummy eggs' and the rest contain young turtles. Incubation takes about 2 months. When the eggs hatch, these baby turtles dig their way out and seek the ocean. Only a very small proportion of them (at most 1 in 100) will be successful, as many predators are waiting to eat them.

Threats to Sea Turtles

Sea turtles of all species are endangered (for an excellent reference see James R. Spotila's book "Sea Turtles: A Complete Guide to Their Biology, Behavior, and Conservation"). The Leatherback, Kemp's ridley, and Hawksbill turtles are listed as Critically Endangered. The Olive ridley, Loggerhead, and Green turtles are considered Endangered. The Flat back is considered Data Deficient due to lack of research. They used to be hunted on a large scale in the whaling days for their meat, fat and shells. And coastal peoples have always gathered turtle eggs for consumption. These days though their biggest threat comes from long-line fishing, and as bycatch in shrimp nets, as well as over development on nesting beaches. Each year it is said that 40,000 turtles die from longlines alone. According to researchers at the 24th Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Conservation and Biology, in Costa Rica the Pacific Leatherback has ten years before extinction if nothing is done to reverse these problems. Small and inexpensive changes to fishing techniques, such as slightly larger hooks and traps from which sea turtles can escape, can dramatically cut the mortality rate. Another danger comes from marine debris, especially from abandonded fishing nets in which they can become entangled.

Sea turtle trapped in a fishing net

Beach development is another very, very large area which has threatened sea turtles. Since sea turtles return to the same locations to nest, these areas may be protected by special police. In some areas, such as the East coast of Florida, after the adult turtles lay their eggs, they are dug up and relocated to special fenced nurseries where they can be protected from beach traffic. This is not the best thing to do, as many turtle species return to the beach on which they were born. Special lighting ordinances may also be enforced to prevent lights from shining on the beach and confusing young hatchlings from thinking it is the moon or sun and crawling toward it, usually crossing a road.

One of the biggest threats to sea turtles is the black market trade in eggs and meat. This is a pervasive problem throughout the world, but especially a concern in India, Indonesia and throughout the coastal nations of Latin America. Estimates are as high as 35,000 turtles killed a year in Mexico and the same number in Nicaragua. Conservationists in Mexico and the United States have launched "Don't Eat Sea Turtle" campaigns in order to reduce the urban black market trade in sea turtle products. These campaigns have involved figures such as Pope John Paul, Dorismar, Los Tigres del Norte and Mana.


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These campaigns have involved figures such as Pope John Paul, Dorismar, Los Tigres del Norte and Mana. [citation needed]. Conservationists in Mexico and the United States have launched "Don't Eat Sea Turtle" campaigns in order to reduce the urban black market trade in sea turtle products. This has been disputed by many fans of the film, who believe that the film has a strong story, whose importance supercedes that of the animation. Estimates are as high as 35,000 turtles killed a year in Mexico and the same number in Nicaragua. The quality of the film's animation has been criticized, specifically by animators within the animation industry, some of whom believe that the success of the movie shows a disregard for quality and will eventually hurt the industry. This is a pervasive problem throughout the world, but especially a concern in India, Indonesia and throughout the coastal nations of Latin America. Day weekend according to initial estimates, though it would lose the crown to Glory Road a day later when the actual receipts were calculated.

One of the biggest threats to sea turtles is the black market trade in eggs and meat. The film exceeded analyst expectations [citation needed] by nearly doubling what had been predicted for its box office debut, winning the Martin Luther King, Jr. Special lighting ordinances may also be enforced to prevent lights from shining on the beach and confusing young hatchlings from thinking it is the moon or sun and crawling toward it, usually crossing a road. Test audiences for the film, which featured parents and children, were generally positive, with some concerns by parents over the violence in the film (there are some physical altercations involving martial arts, and two scenes involving lethal explosions), and of the sinister nature of the character of Boingo. This is not the best thing to do, as many turtle species return to the beach on which they were born. The three accept. In some areas, such as the East coast of Florida, after the adult turtles lay their eggs, they are dug up and relocated to special fenced nurseries where they can be protected from beach traffic. The next day, Flippers tells the four that he has decided to open up his own private business, and offers to enlist the three for their special skills.

Since sea turtles return to the same locations to nest, these areas may be protected by special police. Red is freed from the air tram before it explodes, and Boingo and his henchmen are captured by the police. Beach development is another very, very large area which has threatened sea turtles. The Wolf, Granny and the Woodsman follow, and foil Boingo’s plans. Another danger comes from marine debris, especially from abandonded fishing nets in which they can become entangled. Red is discovered, and placed in the air tram filled with dynamite. Small and inexpensive changes to fishing techniques, such as slightly larger hooks and traps from which sea turtles can escape, can dramatically cut the mortality rate. Red follows him on the air tram up to the mountain, where he and his henchmen, the aforementioned opposing snowboarding team, plan to corner the market on goodies, and make them highly addictive to kids.

According to researchers at the 24th Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Conservation and Biology, in Costa Rica the Pacific Leatherback has ten years before extinction if nothing is done to reverse these problems. We then see Red following the real thief, the one who was present during all four accounts: Boingo. Each year it is said that 40,000 turtles die from longlines alone. The police are back to square one, as none of the four appears to be culprits, but then the basket of Granny’s goodies and the recipe book is found to be missing, as is Red. These days though their biggest threat comes from long-line fishing, and as bycatch in shrimp nets, as well as over development on nesting beaches. The revelation of Granny’s other life is a shock to Red, who is hurt that Granny lied to her. And coastal peoples have always gathered turtle eggs for consumption. The familiar confrontation with Red, the Wolf and the Woodsman then ensued.

They used to be hunted on a large scale in the whaling days for their meat, fat and shells. Her parachute became caught in the ceiling fan, and she ended up wrapped up in it and thrown into her own closet. The Flat back is considered Data Deficient due to lack of research. Shortly after, Granny arrived in her bedroom. The Olive ridley, Loggerhead, and Green turtles are considered Endangered. As she approached her home, she saw Red below her in the railway cart, and advised her to use her hood as her own parachute. The Leatherback, Kemp's ridley, and Hawksbill turtles are listed as Critically Endangered. She tells Flippers that during the race down the mountain, the opposing team physically attacked her and her team, and she narrowly escaped a mountain avalanche via a parachute.

Spotila's book "Sea Turtles: A Complete Guide to Their Biology, Behavior, and Conservation"). She explains that she enjoys such activities, and that at a snowboarding tournament between her teammates and an opposing team, Boingo the rabbit even asked for her autograph. Sea turtles of all species are endangered (for an excellent reference see James R. She reveals that she is an extreme athlete who prefers activities like snowboarding to being the stereotypical goody-making grandmother. Only a very small proportion of them (at most 1 in 100) will be successful, as many predators are waiting to eat them. Granny is the last to be interviewed. When the eggs hatch, these baby turtles dig their way out and seek the ocean. But an avalanche approaches, and a log he finds himself atop rolls down the hill to Granny’s house, and he is thrown through the living room window, hollering the entire way.

Incubation takes about 2 months. The Woodsman is distraught, but decides to prepare for the role of a woodsman by chopping down trees. Some of the eggs are unfertilized 'dummy eggs' and the rest contain young turtles. He then discovers that his goody truck has been robbed, apparently in another attack by the Goody Bandit, as Boingo opines on the scene. They dig a hole with their hind flippers and lay from 100 to 150 eggs in it (depending on the species) before covering it up and returning to the ocean. He tells Flippers that after a disastrous audition for a bunion cream commercial, where his thick Austrian accent hurt his chances, he got a callback. They make from four to seven nests per nesting season. He reveals that he is an aspiring actor, and that for money, he drives a goody truck, selling schnitzel on a stick to children.

This can take place every two to four years in maturity. The Woodsman is then interrogated. After about 30 years of maturing an adult female sea turtle returns to the land to nest, usually on the same beach from which they hatched. The Wolf puts on a Granny disguise, and the confrontation is again seen. The numbers used to range in the thousands but these days due to the effects of extensive egg poaching and hunting in previous years the numbers are in the hundreds. The duo arrive at Granny’s house, and the Wolf throws Twitchy in the closet to hide, but Granny is already there, and already tied up, which complicates the authorities’ view of the Wolf as the culprit. With the Kemp's ridley this occurs during the day and on only one beach in the entire world. After using a shortcut provided by Boingo the rabbit, the Wolf and Twitchy used the mountain railway system, which was destroyed when Twitchy lit a candle in the cart that turned out to be a stick of dynamite.

The ridley turtles are especially peculiar because instead of nesting individually like the other species, they come ashore in one mass arrival known as an "arribada" (the arrival). He explains that he was merely questioning Red because it was his job, and that when his tail got caught in the film chamber of Twitchy’s camera, he roared in pain, which Red took as an attack. The fact that most species return to nest at the locations they were born at seems to indicate an imprint of that location's magnetic features. But the Wolf reveals that he is an investigative reporter whose prior stories Flippers is familiar with, and tells him that he and his hyperactive photographer, a squirrel named Twitchy, were investigating the recent thefts of various recipes by the Goody Bandit, and became suspicious of Red when he saw her traipsing through the forest with goodies in a basket. They are highly sensitive to the Earth's magnetic field and probably use it to navigate. Flippers then interrogates the Wolf, who it appears certain is the culprit. Sea turtles have an extraordinary sense of time and location. When she gets to Granny’s she sees through the Wolf’s transparently obvious Granny disguise, and just as he reveals himself and the two confront one another again, a bound and gagged Granny jumps out of her closet, and then a crazed-looking axe-wielding Woodsman jumps into the living room through the window screaming, to the horror of the other three.

The Leatherback is the only sea turtle that doesn't have a hard shell instead carrying a mosaic of bony plates beneath its leathery skin. As the railway cart they were riding emerged from the mountain, Red saw that the tracks far ahead of them were apparently destroyed, and an image of her Granny appeared in the sky above her instructing her to use her hood as a parachute, which Red successfully did (the goat used a pair of helicopter-horns to land safely also). Different species are distinguished by varying anatomical aspects: for instance the prefrontal scales on the head, the number of and shape of scutes on the carapace, and the type of inframarginal scutes on the plastron. After using her martial arts skills and a “Wolf Away” spray to repel the lupine attacker, Red fled, using a mountain railway system manned by a singing goat with detachable horns with different uses. Most other species are smaller being two to four feet in length (0.5 to 1 m) and proportionally less wide. This admission appears damning, as it casts Red in a suspicious light, but Red asserts her innocence, adding that on her way to Granny’s house, she fell from an air trolley she was riding with the rabbit Boingo, and when she landed in the forest, she ran into the Wolf, who, after questioning her, appeared to become hostile. The Leatherback is the largest, measuring six or seven feet (2 m) in length at maturity, and three to five feet (1 to 1.5 m) in width, weighing up to 1300 pounds (600 kg). Red, the first interview subject, tells Flippers that she is merely a delivery person for her Granny’s “goodies”, and that when she came across the ransacked home of another goody-maker, the latest in a recent string of such attacks by a thief known only as the Goody Bandit, whose crimes have resulted in the closure of many goody makers in the forest, Red decided to take the hidden recipe book in the house for safekeeping.

The Flatback turtle is found solely on the northern coast of Australia. Because the film uses a police interrogation as a framing sequence, it is evocative of the 1995 crime thriller The Usual Suspects, and because the four participants’ stories converge at points prior to the meeting at Granny’s, and are at times self-serving, the format is evocative of Akira Kurosawa’s 1950 film Rashomon.
Sea turtles are found in all the world's oceans with the exception of the Arctic Ocean, and some species travel between oceans. The lead investigator, frog-form Nicky Flippers, interrogates each of the four participants, with each character giving their own version of how and why they arrived at the house. There are seven surviving species of sea turtle, all endangered:. Mid-scene, the story jumps ahead to the police cordoning off Granny’s house following the opening events. Sea turtles are large, ocean-dwelling turtles. The story begins in media res, with Red, the Wolf, Granny, and the Woodsman in their confrontation at Granny's house.

Family Protostegidae (extinct). . Dermochelys coriacea (Leatherback Sea Turtle). It is 80 minutes long and is rated PG for mild action and thematic elements. Genus Dermochelys

    . Although it is based on the Little Red Riding Hood folktale, structurally, it borrows from the films Rashomon and The Usual Suspects, and its setting uses the same type of anachronistic and satirical mixing of modern and fantasy culture as the Shrek films. Family Dermochelyidae
      . It was written and directed by Cory Edwards, Todd Edwards, and Tony Leech, and stars the voices of Anne Hathaway, Glenn Close, James Belushi, Patrick Warburton, Andy Dick, David Ogden Stiers, Xzibit, Anthony Anderson and Chazz Palminteri.

      Family Thalassemyidae (extinct). It was released by The Weinstein Company in selected markets on December 16, 2005, before expanding nationwide on January 13, 2006. Family Toxochelyidae (extinct).
      Hoodwinked is an American computer-animated family comedy produced by Blue Yonder Films with Kanbar Entertainment. Natator depressus (Flatback Turtle) (Previously in Chelonia). In this film, he plays the Wolf, whose assistant is an at-times-hard-to-understand squirrel. Genus Natator

        . In the Disney animated film The Emperor's New Groove, Patrick Warburton played a doltish henchman named Kronk, who, among other things, had the unique ability to understand squirrel language.

        Syllomus aegypticus (extinct). An alternate title of the film was Hoodwinked! The True Story of Red Riding Hood. Genus Syllomus

          . The actor who voiced the Woodsman also did so with a far heavier Austrian accent. Eretmochelys imbricata (Hawksbill Sea Turtle). An early cut of the film featured the voices of Tara Strong as Red and Sally Struthers as Granny before the voices were recast with Anne Hathaway and Glenn Close. Genus Eretmochelys
            . Chazz Palminteri –Woolworth the Sheep.

            Chelonia mydas (Green Sea Turtle). Andy Dick –Boingo. Genus Chelonia

              . Anthony Anderson –Detective Bill Stork. Subfamily Cheloniinae
                . Xzibit –Chief Grizzly. Lepidochelys kempii (Kemp's Ridley). David Ogden Stiers –Nicky Flippers.

                Lepidochelys olivacea (Olive Ridley). Cory Edwards –Twitchy. Genus Lepidochelys

                  . Patrick Warburton –The Wolf. Caretta caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle). James Belushi –The Woodsman. Caretta patriciae (extinct). Glenn Close –Granny Puckett.

                  Genus Caretta

                    . Anne Hathaway –Red Puckett. Subfamily Carettinae
                      . Family Cheloniidae
                        .