Sabah |
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| State motto: Sabah Maju Jaya | |
| Capital | Kota Kinabalu |
| Governor | Ahmadshah Abdullah |
| Chief Minister | Hj. Musa Bin Hj. Aman |
| Area | 72,500 km2 |
| Population - Est. 2000 |
2,449,389 |
| State anthem | Sabah Tanah Airku |
Sabah is the second largest state in Malaysia and is also known as Negeri di bawah bayu which means "The Land Below The Wind" . It is one of the two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. Situated on the northeast of the island, Sabah is smaller than its sister state, Sarawak. The southern part of the island, called Kalimantan, belongs to Indonesia. The state capital is Kota Kinabalu, formerly known as Jesselton.
Sabah is generally mountainous, with the Banjaran Crocker range of central mountains varying in height from about 1,000 metres to 3,000 metres, which at its peak of Mount Kinabalu rises up to 4000 metres, and with several lower ranges of hills near the coasts. These mountains and hills are traversed by an extensive network of river valleys and are in most cases covered with dense rainforest. Over three quarters of the population inhabit the coastal plains. Mount Kinabalu, in central Sabah, is the highest mountain in Malaysia, and second in Southeast Asia.
Sabah was taken over by the British North Borneo Company in 1881, and became a protectorate of the British Empire with internal affairs still administered by the company in 1888. In 1946 the Company's rule ended and it became the colony of North Borneo until it was admitted into the Malaysian federation in 1963.
The Philippines claims the whole of Sabah as part of its territory, based upon the Sultanate of Brunei's cession of its north-east territories to the Sultanate of Sulu in 1703, because of military assistance given by the latter to the former.
Sabah has a democratic political system with universal suffrage. A general election for State and Federal level officials is held every five years.
The present elected State and Federal Government posts are held by Barisan Nasional, a coalition of major ethnic parties, including UMNO, Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP), United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO) & Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS) and Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS).
A bizarre feature of Sabah politics is a policy initiated by the Barisan Nasional in 1994: the Chief Minister's post is rotated among the coalition parties every 2 years, regardless of the party in power at the time, thus theoretically giving an equal amount of time for each major ethnic group to rule the State. This serves to extremely weaken the executive branch of the State government, which was formerly much at odds with the federal government in Kuala Lumpur. It also serves to give a disproportionate power to the minority Malay ethnic group, enabling them to overturn any local legislature implemented by the majority Kadazan-Dusun. This practice has since stopped with power now held by majority in the state assembly by the UMNO party, which also holds a majority in the national Parliament.
UMNO had a quick rise to power since its entry into Sabah in 1991 where before that both eastern Malaysian states were not penetrated by the party, whose president is the de facto leader of the ruling coalition BN and automatically the Prime Minister of Malaysia. This has given rise to dissent as the Chief Minister rotation system was halted just as UMNO, a Malay-based political party, was holding the post. Thus the 2004 general elections saw widespread disillusionment, coupled with an ineffectual opposition. The state assembly is now dominated by the ruling party BN (who conversely also did not penetrate Sabah until the 1990s.) with only one seat held by an opposition politician who is an independent candidate. This was caused by a general sentiment where a number of voters were reluctant to cast votes for BN whose victory was almost assured but did not trust the opposition parties, most of which were not vigorously active before the election. Therefore many cast votes for independent candidates.
Sabah politics (as are Malaysia's) are very much based upon party lines. A recent effort by PBS, a component party of BN, to hatch a co-operation with the one opposition candidate within the state assembly (whom conversely was a former UMNO member competing independently because he was not nominated for the constituency by his party) in an unprecedented attempt at bipartisanship, was harshly criticized by UPKO, another component party of BN.
Although Sabah entered the Federation of Malaysia as a autonomous state, resistance to pressure from Kuala Lumpur's vision of a one-party unitary Islamic state dominated by ethnic Malays has created considerable friction and even occasional calls for secession. These tensions are further inflamed by Kuala Lumpur's colonial mentality towards Sabah, wherein 95% of the profits from Sabah's immense natural resources are taken by the federal government, leaving the state government with only 5%. Aside from nominally separate immigration controls, little evidence remains of Sabah's theoretical autonomy.
Sabah consists of five administrative divisions, which are in turn divided into a total of 23 districts.
Many peoples of Sabah have a Portuguese blood connection. Names such as Fernando, Gomes, Rodriguez, and Fernandez are popular and widespread, which explains Sabah's festive almost Brazilian-like culture.
The population of Sabah was 2,449,389 in the year 2000 (Housing Census of Malaysia, 2000), of which is divided into 32 officially recognized ethnic groups. The largest non-indigenous ethnic group is the Chinese, who make up for about 20% of Sabah's population. The largest indigenous ethnic group is the Kadazan-Dusun (roughly 25% of the total population); followed by the Bajau (15%), and the Murut (3%).
Unofficially, Sabah is also home to an estimated 700,000 strong Filipino population due to lax immigration controls and poor policing of the Malaysia-Philippines national border. While the local and federal government do not officially recognise the existence of Filipino illegal immigrants, they are widely employed commercially, forming the bulk of manual labour in construction and other sections of commerce.
Bahasa Malaysia is the national language spoken across ethnicities, although the spoken Sabahan dialect of Bahasa Malaysia differs much in inflection and intonation from the West Malaysian version, having more similarity in pronunciation to Bahasa Indonesia. English and the Chinese dialects Mandarin and Hakka are widely understood. In addition, Kadazan-Dusun, Bajau, Murut and other minor races also have distinct ethnic languages.
Dusun-Kadazan people are known as the Latin lovers of the East, famous in the state for love and passion for music. Their traditional dances appear erotic yet innocent making the Dusun-Kadazan culture a popular one.
Even though Dusun-Kadazans are known for their peaceful nature, they are also well known for their bravery and defiant nature towards oppression and foreign rule. Monsopiad the legendary warrior who lived in the 1700's-1800's took 48 heads in the heat of battle before being overwhelmed. During World War 2, the British army liberated North Borneo from the Japanese and released 280 Japanese POW's knowing that the vengeful natives would not show mercy. Those POW's skulls line the roof of Dusun-Kadazan 'skull houses'.
The federal government of Malaysia officially recognizes 28 ethnic groups as being "indigenous" or bumiputra in Sabah:
See Demographics of Malaysia for some further details about the population.
Sabah's economy was traditionally heavily lumber dependent, based on export of tropical timber, but with increasing depletion of the natural forests and ecological efforts to save remaining natural rainforest areas, palm oil has emerged as a more sustainable resource. Other agricultural products important in the Sabah economy include rubber and cacao. Tourism is currently the second largest contributor to the economy.
In 1970, Sabah ranked as one of the richest states in the federation, with a per capita GDP second only to Selangor (which then included Kuala Lumpur). However, despite its vast wealth of natural resources, Sabah is currently the poorest of Malaysia's states. Average incomes are now among the lowest in Malaysia, and with a considerably higher cost of living than in West Malaysia. In 2000, Sabah had an unemployment rate of 5.6 per cent - the highest of any Malaysian state and almost twice the national average of 3.1 per cent. The state has the highest poverty level in the country at 16 per cent, more than three times the national average. Part of the problem is the inequitable distribution of wealth between the State and the Federal government. The federal government extracts 95% of the revenues generated by Sabah, leaving only 5% for local needs.
Tourism, particularly eco-tourism, is a major contributor to the economy of Sabah. The most popular tourist destinations include:
Sabah is not known for producing many well-known media figures, but the few it has produced have made their mark. Noteworthy mentions include filmmaker Tony Francis Gitom, and their many high-placing contestants on local shows Malaysian Idol and Akademi Fantasia.
Some films and shows filmed in Sabah include the first season of reality show Survivor, The Amazing Race, Eco-Challenge Borneo, Bat*21, and Sacred Planet. Sabah's first homegrown film was Orang Kita, starring Abu Bakar Ellah.
Sabah's first hip hop recording artist is Atama, real name Andrew Ambrose Mudi, who has successfully fused hip hop and tribal music. Atama's debut album My Tribal Roots was released on 30th May 2005. Visit Atama's website[1].
Sabah's first established newspaper was the New Sabah Times. The newspaper was founded by Donald Stephens, who later became the First Chief Minister of Sabah.
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The newspaper was founded by Donald Stephens, who later became the First Chief Minister of Sabah. They lost 26-25 to the New York Euphoria, the team she played for in the 2004 game. Sabah's first established newspaper was the New Sabah Times. Christy competed as a quarterback for the Chicago Bliss in a Lingerie Bowl playoff game on January 28, 2006. Visit Atama's website[1]. While Internet rumors suggested Christy Hemme was fired for acting "inappropriately" towards wrestler Triple H, her account of the release attributed the firing to budget cuts. Atama's debut album My Tribal Roots was released on 30th May 2005. However, a day later, WWE.com announced that she had been released from her contract. Sabah's first hip hop recording artist is Atama, real name Andrew Ambrose Mudi, who has successfully fused hip hop and tribal music. On December 5, 2005, Christy announced on her official website that she would be training full-time in OVW. Sabah's first homegrown film was Orang Kita, starring Abu Bakar Ellah. Afterwards Johnny Jeter attacked them both, and Christy's character was sent home in an ambulance. Some films and shows filmed in Sabah include the first season of reality show Survivor, The Amazing Race, Eco-Challenge Borneo, Bat*21, and Sacred Planet. On the show that aired December 10, Christy and Cappotelli defeated Stevens, Phoenix and Martinez in a three-on-two handicap match. Noteworthy mentions include filmmaker Tony Francis Gitom, and their many high-placing contestants on local shows Malaysian Idol and Akademi Fantasia. She and Cappotelli then cut a promo together. Sabah is not known for producing many well-known media figures, but the few it has produced have made their mark. In her OVW television debut, she aided Matt Cappotelli by taking out Beth Phoenix and Shelly Martinez. The most popular tourist destinations include:. She was involved in an angle with Matt Cappotelli, against Aaron Stevens, Beth Phoenix and Shelly Martinez. Tourism, particularly eco-tourism, is a major contributor to the economy of Sabah. TV show tapings in Louisville. The federal government extracts 95% of the revenues generated by Sabah, leaving only 5% for local needs.. Christy Hemme next appeared in WWE's training ground, Ohio Valley Wrestling, at the November 30, 2005 O.V.W. Part of the problem is the inequitable distribution of wealth between the State and the Federal government. A week later, she lost to Melina in a televised one-on-one match. The state has the highest poverty level in the country at 16 per cent, more than three times the national average. the Eddie Guerrero tribute show, Christy performed in a Diva battle royal against all the divas from RAW and SmackDown!. In 2000, Sabah had an unemployment rate of 5.6 per cent - the highest of any Malaysian state and almost twice the national average of 3.1 per cent. On the November 14, 2005 special edition of RAW, a.k.a. Average incomes are now among the lowest in Malaysia, and with a considerably higher cost of living than in West Malaysia. She executed the L.O.D.'s "Doomsday Device" finishing move on Melina, to get the pin. However, despite its vast wealth of natural resources, Sabah is currently the poorest of Malaysia's states. It climaxed at 2005's WWE No Mercy PPV, where Hemme helped the Legion of Doom win a 6-person "inter-gender" tag-team match. In 1970, Sabah ranked as one of the richest states in the federation, with a per capita GDP second only to Selangor (which then included Kuala Lumpur). In this plotline, Hemme was the face manager of the "new" Legion of Doom tag-team. Tourism is currently the second largest contributor to the economy. Christy would go on to feud with Melina, "manager" for the MNM tag-team. Other agricultural products important in the Sabah economy include rubber and cacao. While the match was not allowed to start by "Network Representative Palmer Cannon", it aired on WWE.com. Sabah's economy was traditionally heavily lumber dependent, based on export of tropical timber, but with increasing depletion of the natural forests and ecological efforts to save remaining natural rainforest areas, palm oil has emerged as a more sustainable resource. Her first match on the show was a victory in a Lingerie Pillow Fight match with Keibler. See Demographics of Malaysia for some further details about the population. She and veteran Diva Stacy Keibler were switched with Torrie Wilson and Candice Michelle. During World War 2, the British army liberated North Borneo from the Japanese and released 280 Japanese POW's knowing that the vengeful natives would not show mercy. A controversial moment happened when an angry Victoria smashed a glass vase against Christy's head, knocking her cold (in a storyline sense). Monsopiad the legendary warrior who lived in the 1700's-1800's took 48 heads in the heat of battle before being overwhelmed. In June 2005, she would be in another feud, this time with heel character Victoria. Even though Dusun-Kadazans are known for their peaceful nature, they are also well known for their bravery and defiant nature towards oppression and foreign rule. The match, which was Hemme's solo wrestling debut, ended in Christy losing to Trish. Their traditional dances appear erotic yet innocent making the Dusun-Kadazan culture a popular one. After being "trained" by Lita (a top female performer), the plotline culminated in Hemme's challenging for the title -- at WrestleMania 21. Dusun-Kadazan people are known as the Latin lovers of the East, famous in the state for love and passion for music. WWE writers eventually placed her on-screen persona (as a highly enthusiastic and energetic cheerleader-type) in a storyline feud with WWE Women's Champion Trish Stratus. In addition, Kadazan-Dusun, Bajau, Murut and other minor races also have distinct ethnic languages. Hemme started out her career in WWE as a Diva on RAW ; before this, she had participated in the Super Bowl-spoofing "2004 Lingerie Bowl" pay-per-view show. English and the Chinese dialects Mandarin and Hakka are widely understood. . Bahasa Malaysia is the national language spoken across ethnicities, although the spoken Sabahan dialect of Bahasa Malaysia differs much in inflection and intonation from the West Malaysian version, having more similarity in pronunciation to Bahasa Indonesia. This opportunity also eventually led to her wrestling a match at WrestleMania 21, and getting a featured pictorial in the April 2005 issue of Playboy. While the local and federal government do not officially recognise the existence of Filipino illegal immigrants, they are widely employed commercially, forming the bulk of manual labour in construction and other sections of commerce. The prize was a one year, $250,000 USD contract with WWE. Unofficially, Sabah is also home to an estimated 700,000 strong Filipino population due to lax immigration controls and poor policing of the Malaysia-Philippines national border. A former "Juggy" dancer on Comedy Central's The Man Show, she won WWE's inaugural RAW Diva Search in summer 2004. The largest indigenous ethnic group is the Kadazan-Dusun (roughly 25% of the total population); followed by the Bajau (15%), and the Murut (3%). Christina Lee Hemme (born on October 28, 1980 in Temecula, California) is a former WWE Diva who performed on RAW and later WWE SmackDown! . The largest non-indigenous ethnic group is the Chinese, who make up for about 20% of Sabah's population. Has breast implants claimed on The Howard Stern Show. The population of Sabah was 2,449,389 in the year 2000 (Housing Census of Malaysia, 2000), of which is divided into 32 officially recognized ethnic groups. While in the WWE, Christy was undefeated in Lingerie Pillow Fights. Names such as Fernando, Gomes, Rodriguez, and Fernandez are popular and widespread, which explains Sabah's festive almost Brazilian-like culture. Her theme song in Ohio Valley Wrestling was "Pour Some Sugar On Me" by Def Leppard. Many peoples of Sabah have a Portuguese blood connection. Her theme song in the WWE was "Walk Idiot Walk" by The Hives. Sabah consists of five administrative divisions, which are in turn divided into a total of 23 districts. She appeared in the Trace Adkins video, "Chrome", as well as videos for Blink 182 and Sonic. Aside from nominally separate immigration controls, little evidence remains of Sabah's theoretical autonomy. Although she likes a wide variety of music, her favourite band is AC/DC. These tensions are further inflamed by Kuala Lumpur's colonial mentality towards Sabah, wherein 95% of the profits from Sabah's immense natural resources are taken by the federal government, leaving the state government with only 5%. Legion of Doom. Although Sabah entered the Federation of Malaysia as a autonomous state, resistance to pressure from Kuala Lumpur's vision of a one-party unitary Islamic state dominated by ethnic Malays has created considerable friction and even occasional calls for secession. Eugene. A recent effort by PBS, a component party of BN, to hatch a co-operation with the one opposition candidate within the state assembly (whom conversely was a former UMNO member competing independently because he was not nominated for the constituency by his party) in an unprecedented attempt at bipartisanship, was harshly criticized by UPKO, another component party of BN. Hurricanrana. Sabah politics (as are Malaysia's) are very much based upon party lines. Cheerleading Leg Drop (High raised leg, dropped to splits position across the opponent's throat). Therefore many cast votes for independent candidates. Splits on the top turnbuckle to avoid a charging opponent into a Sunset flip out of the corner. This was caused by a general sentiment where a number of voters were reluctant to cast votes for BN whose victory was almost assured but did not trust the opposition parties, most of which were not vigorously active before the election. Kick to the groin. The state assembly is now dominated by the ruling party BN (who conversely also did not penetrate Sabah until the 1990s.) with only one seat held by an opposition politician who is an independent candidate. Reverse "Twist of Fate". Thus the 2004 general elections saw widespread disillusionment, coupled with an ineffectual opposition. This has given rise to dissent as the Chief Minister rotation system was halted just as UMNO, a Malay-based political party, was holding the post. UMNO had a quick rise to power since its entry into Sabah in 1991 where before that both eastern Malaysian states were not penetrated by the party, whose president is the de facto leader of the ruling coalition BN and automatically the Prime Minister of Malaysia. This practice has since stopped with power now held by majority in the state assembly by the UMNO party, which also holds a majority in the national Parliament. It also serves to give a disproportionate power to the minority Malay ethnic group, enabling them to overturn any local legislature implemented by the majority Kadazan-Dusun. This serves to extremely weaken the executive branch of the State government, which was formerly much at odds with the federal government in Kuala Lumpur. A bizarre feature of Sabah politics is a policy initiated by the Barisan Nasional in 1994: the Chief Minister's post is rotated among the coalition parties every 2 years, regardless of the party in power at the time, thus theoretically giving an equal amount of time for each major ethnic group to rule the State. The present elected State and Federal Government posts are held by Barisan Nasional, a coalition of major ethnic parties, including UMNO, Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP), United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO) & Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS) and Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS). A general election for State and Federal level officials is held every five years. Sabah has a democratic political system with universal suffrage. The Philippines claims the whole of Sabah as part of its territory, based upon the Sultanate of Brunei's cession of its north-east territories to the Sultanate of Sulu in 1703, because of military assistance given by the latter to the former. In 1946 the Company's rule ended and it became the colony of North Borneo until it was admitted into the Malaysian federation in 1963. Sabah was taken over by the British North Borneo Company in 1881, and became a protectorate of the British Empire with internal affairs still administered by the company in 1888. Mount Kinabalu, in central Sabah, is the highest mountain in Malaysia, and second in Southeast Asia. Over three quarters of the population inhabit the coastal plains. These mountains and hills are traversed by an extensive network of river valleys and are in most cases covered with dense rainforest. Sabah is generally mountainous, with the Banjaran Crocker range of central mountains varying in height from about 1,000 metres to 3,000 metres, which at its peak of Mount Kinabalu rises up to 4000 metres, and with several lower ranges of hills near the coasts. . The southern part of the island, called Kalimantan, belongs to Indonesia. Situated on the northeast of the island, Sabah is smaller than its sister state, Sarawak. It is one of the two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. Sabah is the second largest state in Malaysia and is also known as Negeri di bawah bayu which means "The Land Below The Wind" . 'Kataks' , Kadazan-Dusun Nationalism and Development: The 1999 Sabah State Election (Regime Change And Regime Maintenance In Asia And The Pacific Series No 24, Department Of Political And Social Change, Research School Of Pacific And Asian Studies, Australian National University) (ISBN 0731526783). 1999. Chin, Ung-ho. Adam and Charles Black, London. British North Borneo. 1913. W. W. Gudgeon, L. Atama Site, Photo Galleries, Discussions and Forum. The Northern Tip of Borneo. Gomantong Caves - populated with millions of swifts and bats. Turtle Islands Park - conservation efforts for endangered sea turtles. Danum Valley Conservation Area - wilderness rainforest. Pulau Sipadan - a famous island for scuba diving. Sandakan - gateway to the Sepilok Orang Utan Sanctuary and Kinabatangan River. Mount Kinabalu - the highest mountain in Southeast Asia. Tanjung Aru resort - outside of Kota Kinabalu, with luxury beach resorts and Tunku Abdul Rahman Park and the North Borneo Railway. Rumanau. Minokok. Ida'an. Paitan. Orang Cocos. Filipina-campuran. Sarawak-indigenes. Sino-campuran. Maragang. Indonesian. Melayu. Tidong. Bisaya. Kedayan. Brunei. Orang Sungai. Suluk. Mangka'ak. Bugis, (see Bugis of Sabah). Dumpas. Tambanuo. Rungus. Lotud. Illanun. Bajau. Murut. Kwijau. Serani (Orang Portuguesa Campur). Filipino. Kadazan-Dusun. |