Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith

Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith is a 2005 science fiction film written and directed by George Lucas. It was the sixth and final film to be released in the Star Wars saga, but it is the third part of the series by chronology of events. Among fans, it is commonly referred to as ROTS.

Three years after the onset of the Clone Wars, the noble Jedi Knights have been leading a massive clone army into a galaxy-wide battle against the Separatists. When the sinister Sith, led by Darth Sidious, unveil a thousand-year-old plot to rule the galaxy, the fate of Anakin Skywalker, the Jedi order, and the entire galaxy is at stake. As the final film to be released in the series, it bridges the gap between the original trilogy and prequel trilogy of the Star Wars epic.

Released on May 19, 2005, the film was generally positively received by critics, especially in contrast to the two previous prequels. It broke several box office records in its opening week, and went on to earn over US$ 850 million worldwide, making it the highest grossing film of 2005 in the U.S., the 2nd highest grossing film of 2005 worldwide (right behind Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire), and the 12th highest grossing worldwide film of all time.

Plot summary

The opening crawl reveals that the galaxy is in the midst of war. Chancellor Palpatine has been kidnapped by the Separatists second-in-command, General Grievous. Jedi Knights Anakin Skywalker and Obi-Wan Kenobi lead a mission to rescue him. The camera tracks down from a blinding Coruscanti sun, to reveal a Venator-class Star Destroyer, with two Jedi Starfighters flying alongside it. During the space battle, Obi-Wan's ship is damaged by two buzz droids and the two Jedi crash into the hangar of the The Invisible Hand, where the Chancellor is held hostage. They make their way to the observatory were Chancellor Palpatine is being held captive by Darth Tyranus (Count Dooku). In the ensuing lightsaber duel, Anakin defeats Tyranus by amputating his hands. Palpatine urges Anakin to kill Tyranus, and despite Anakin's reservations, he does. Anakin immediately expresses regret; to kill a foe who surrenders is not the way of the Jedi. Palpatine reassures him that Tyranus was too dangerous to be kept alive. Anakin, Obi-Wan, and the Chancellor attempt to escape the ship, but are captured by General Grevious, leader of the droid army, and taken to the bridge. Anakin and Obi-Wan try to capture Grevious, eliminating most of the bridge crew in the process; Grevious escapes, however, launching the ship's escape pods. Unable to leave the cruiser, which has been damaged in an engagement with the Republic fleet, Anakin crash-lands the ship on one of Coruscant's landing fields.

Upon his return planetside, Anakin is reunited with his wife, Padmé Amidala, and she informs him of her pregnancy. Despite Padmé's worries, as they have kept their love and their marriage secret, Anakin is overjoyed at this news, and the couple make plans to raise their child. However, Anakin is troubled by visions of Padmé dying in childbirth, visions like those he had of his mother before she died.

Chancellor Palpatine makes Anakin his representative on the Jedi Council. The Council agrees with the Chancellor's appointment, however Anakin is not made a Jedi Master. This enfuriates Anakin, who believes it to be an insult. Later, Obi-Wan privately tells Anakin that the Council wants him to spy on the Chancellor because they believe that he is corrupt. As the Chancellor's bodyguard, Anakin builds a close friendship with Palpatine.

Later at an opera house, Anakin arrives and Palpatine tells him the story of an old Sith legend; the story of Darth Plagueis the wise. Palpatine subtly manipulates Anakin in their discussions, making him distrust the Jedi. Palpatine says the ability to save people from death is something that can be learned, but not from a Jedi. This intrigues Anakin, due to his nightmares regarding Padmé.

Obi-Wan is sent to Utapau to find General Grievous. After witnessing an argument between Grievous and Nute Gunray, he emerges from the shadows on top of a walkway and quickly disposes of Grievous's personal bodyguards before engaging Grievous himself. Undaunted by the General's four-saber technique, Obi-wan quickly finds an opening in Grievous's defences and slices off two of his four hands. At this moment, the Clone Army arrives, forcing Grievous to retreat on his Wheel Bike. After a long chase through the Utapauian city, Obi-Wan catches Grievous at his private hangar, where they yet again fight. Obi-Wan manages to break open Grievous's loose chestplate, exposing the living organs in his chest. Obi-Wan retrieves the droid's blaster and shoots the General several times in the chest, killing him, then tosses the blaster on the ground, muttering that it was, "so uncivilized."

Meanwhile, Anakin discovers that Palpatine is the Sith Lord, Darth Sidious. Upon realizing this, Anakin threatens to kill Palpatine, but instead decides to expose him to the Jedi Council. Anakin tells Jedi Master Mace Windu about Palpatine's true identity. Windu attempts to arrest the Chancellor, but Palpatine lunges with a fierce lightsaber attack which kills Agen Kolar, Kit Fisto, and Saesee Tiin (who were assigned to accompany him). As Palpatine and Windu engage in a lightsaber duel, Anakin arrives. Just as Windu is about to kill the Chancellor, Palpatine tries to convince Anakin that the Jedi were really trying to take over. Sensing that Palpatine was trying to corrupt Anakin, Mace tells Anakin not to believe him, but Anakin believes that the only way to save his wife is to keep the Chancellor alive, so he attacks Windu by cutting off his weapon hand. Shocked, in pain, and caught off guard, Windu is consumed by Palpatine's Force lightning, forcing him out the window and killing him. Palpatine takes Anakin as his Sith apprentice, and christens him with the Sith name Darth Vader. Palpatine orders Vader to go to the Jedi Temple and kill all the Jedi within, then to go to the Mustafar system and kill Viceroy Gunray and the other Separatist leaders.

Palpatine orders clone troopers across the galaxy to turn against their Jedi Generals. Ki-Adi-Mundi, Aayla Secura, Barriss Offee, Luminara Unduli, Plo Koon, Stass Allie, and other numerous Jedi across the galaxy are exterminated, but Yoda and Obi-Wan barely manage to survive. With a battalion of clone troopers, Darth Vader eradicates the Jedi in the Jedi Temple. Vader later goes to Padmé and tells her the Jedi have tried to take over the Republic.

Senator Bail Organa rescues Obi-Wan and Yoda, and brings them to the Jedi Temple before heading to the Senate building. Palpatine informs the Senate of a Jedi plot to overthrow the Republic and announces that the Republic will be reorganized into the Galactic Empire.

In the Jedi Temple, Obi-Wan and Yoda reconfigure a signal to warn all Jedi to keep away. Obi-Wan looks into the security recordings and sees Vader slaughtering the Jedi and then kneeling to Palpatine. Yoda says they have no choice but to destroy the Sith.

On Mustafar, Vader is initially greeted by Viceroy Nute Gunray, however Vader immediately attacks the Separatist leaders and their small force of guards, ending the slaughter by killing Gunray.

Obi-Wan meets with Padmé and tells her that Anakin has turned to the Dark Side, but Padmé refuses to reveal where Vader is. Padmé later departs to Mustafar to see her husband. Unbeknown to her, Obi-Wan secretly boards the ship just before it takes off. When the couple reunite on Mustafar, they embrace. Padmé wants to leave public life to live together and raise their child, but Vader tells her that he has brought peace to the Republic, and that he can overthrow Palpatine so he and Padmé can rule the galaxy together. Horrified, Padmé realizes that Obi-Wan's story was true. Vader sees Obi-Wan emerge from Padmé's ship, and suspects her of betraying him to his former Master. Enraged, he uses the Force to choke Padmé unconscious. Obi-Wan and Vader break into a ferocious lightsaber duel.

In the Senate building, Yoda confronts Palpatine and the two engage in a fierce battle. In a ferocious contest of Force powers both are flung apart, Yoda falling to the floor of the Senate chamber. With clone troopers coming to aid Palpatine, Yoda makes the heart-wrenching decision to retreat, and escapes with the help of Bail Organa.

The fierce lightsaber duel continues between Obi-Wan and Darth Vader. Obi-Wan soon gains the advantage of higher ground, and, when Vader attempts to jump over his former master, Obi-Wan cuts off both of his legs and his left arm. Vader tumbles down the embankment and rolls to a stop at the edge of the lava. He ignites into flames, sustaining near-fatal third-degree burns and severe lung damage. After picking up Vader's lightsaber, Obi-Wan leaves Mustafar with the badly-injured Padmé. Later, Palpatine arrives at Mustafar with a squad of clone troopers, and they rescue Vader from the brink of death.

Padmé is given medical assistance, but although she is physically intact, her will to live is gone and she dies. However, they manage to save her babies—she delivers twins, a boy and a girl. Padmé gives them the names Luke and Leia. Just before she dies, Padmé says there is still good in Anakin.

On Coruscant, occurring simultaneously in the film with the birth of his children, Vader is given a special suit that keeps him alive. When Palpatine tells Vader that he killed Padmé, Vader unleashes a furious scream in a rage that distorts and destroys droids and equipment in the room.

Aboard the Tantive IV, Obi-Wan, Yoda, and Bail Organa agree to keep the children hidden and separated. Obi-Wan and Yoda will watch and wait until the time is ready for the Skywalker children to do their part in the battle against the Sith. On Naboo, Padme's parents hold her funeral. In space, onboard a Star Destroyer, Darth Vader and the Emperor oversee what is either the construction of the first Death Star or the Death Star prototype.^[1] Leia is brought to Alderaan to live with the Queen, and Luke is brought to Tatooine to live with Owen and Beru. The film concludes with Beru, Luke, and Owen staring out over the desert at Tatooine's twin suns.

Cast

Cameo appearances

George Lucas makes an appearance at the Coruscant Opera House as a blue faced being named Baron Papanoida, that can be seen outside Palpatine's box. It marks Lucas' first and only appearance in any of the Star Wars films. His three children also play cameos: his son, Jett, as a young Jedi-in-training called Zett Jukassa killed defending the Jedi Temple against clone troopers; his daughter, Amanda, as a character called Terr Taneel, seen in the security hologram; and daughter Katie as a blue-skinned alien called Chi Eekway, visible when Palpatine arrives at the Senate after being saved by the Jedi, and talking to Baron Papanoida at the Opera House.

Much of the crew also make cameos in the film. Nick Gillard, the stunt coordinator, plays a character named Cin Drallig (his name spelled backwards). Also in the movie was Jeremy Bulloch (Boba Fett in the original trilogy), who played a speaking role as Captain Colton, the pilot of the Rebel Blockade Runner Tantive IV.

Deleted roles

Gary Oldman was originally approached to provide the voice of General Grievous, and he accepted. However, complications arose during contract negotiations after Oldman learned the film was to be made outside of the Screen Actor's Guild, of which he is a member. Out of respect and solidarity with the other members of the guild, he chose to back out of the role rather than violate the union's rules. Matthew Wood, who ultimately voiced Grievous, disputed this story at Celebration III, held in Indianapolis. According to him, Gary Oldman is a friend of Rick McCallum, and recorded an audition as a favor to him. Ultimately, his audition was never chosen.

Scenes with Captain Needa and Mon Mothma were deleted. George Lucas wrote early drafts of the script in which a 10-year-old Han Solo appeared, but the role was never cast or shot. However, the Millennium Falcon makes an appearance in the scene in which Anakin and Obi-wan return to Coruscant. (Due to the dating supported by Expanded Universe sources, and the fact that Chewbacca is still on Kashyyyk at the time, the pilot of the Falcon in the cameo is the previous owner(s) to Lando Calrissian and Han Solo, as Lando and Han were children at the time.) It is one of the ships landing in the background. The scene where Yoda arrives on Dagobah to begin his self-imposed exile was also cut, but is featured in a deleted scene in the DVD release.

Many Order 66 scenes were cut. The deaths of Barriss Offee and Luminara Unduli were either cut from the film or never filmed in the first place. The death scene of Shaak Ti is a DVD deleted scene. Expanded Universe character Quinlan Vos' death scene was never filmed, though his death was implied (but not explicitly shown) in the comic adaptation. (However, the final storyline in the Republic comic series reveals that Vos escaped this initial attack.)

Bai Ling filmed minor scenes for the film playing the role of a senator, but her role was cut during editing. She claimed this was because she posed for the June 2005 issue of Playboy magazine, whose appearance on newsstands coincided with the movie's May release, but Lucas denied this, stating that the cut had been made more than a year earlier, and that he had cut his own daughter's scenes as well.

Production

The film's story was written by Lucas, in the form of a basic plot outline, in 1973. It was later adapted into a script from 2003 to 2004. The film was produced with a budget of US$113 million, making it the least expensive of the three prequel films.

Principal photography on the film occurred from June 30 to September 17, 2003 at Fox Studios Australia. George Lucas finished the script of the film only five days before the beginning of principal photography. The long process of post-production continued until weeks before the film was released in 2005.

Lucas confirmed in an interview that Steven Spielberg tinkered with several action sequences in Sith. This happened when a project of his fell through and he had some spare time. Lucas sent over an animatics artist to assist him. It is rumored that the scenes he worked on included the Yoda/Palpatine battle and a part of the Mustafar duel. According to an interview with Hayden Christensen in Playboy magazine, playwright Tom Stoppard did an uncredited rewrite and dialogue polish on the script.

Members of Hyperspace, the Official Star Wars Fan Club, received a special look into the production. Not only did Hyperspace members receive special articles, but they also received many other benefits, such as a webcam, which transmitted a new image every 20 seconds during the time it was on from Fox Studios Australia. Many times the stars, and Lucas himself, were spotted on the cam.

Release

The Revenge of the Sith novel was released two months before the premiere and the actual script was leaked on the Internet a few days later.

Revenge of the Sith premiered at the Cannes Film Festival (out of competition) on 15 May 2005. It was released in most other countries on May 19, six years to the day after the release of The Phantom Menace (A New Hope and Return of the Jedi were also released on the same day, six years apart). The global outplacement firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas claimed before the premiere that it may have cost the US economy approximately US$627 million because of employees who took a day off or reported in sick.

Grauman's Chinese Theatre, a traditional venue for the Star Wars films, did not show it. However, a line of people stood there for more than a month hoping to convince someone to change this. Most of them took advantage of an offer to see the film at a nearby cinema, the Arclight.

A copy of the movie leaked into P2P file sharing networks just hours after opening in theaters. The movie was a time-stamped workprint, suggesting it may have come from within the industry rather than from someone who videotaped an advance screening. Then, on June 4th, 2005, an Internal Xvid Rip version of the film was leaked into P2P file sharing networks as well, which was the final, theatrical cut of the movie seen in theaters, and was a much higher fidelity version of the film than the workprint one, although still not quite as good as the theatrical release, and was also wasn't a Telecine transfer yet, due to vibrations and frame-skips during certain moments in the movie. Both rips are widely spread and available in popular P2P networks.

Ratings

Due to its dark undertones and scenes of violence, Revenge of the Sith is the first and only Star Wars film to receive a PG-13 rating from the MPAA. All previously released films in the series, except for A New Hope, were rated PG. A New Hope was originally rated G, but its rating was deliberately pushed up in order to attract a broader audience. A New Hope also contained a very mild amount of what some consider adult language, such as "damn" and "hell." Revenge of the Sith contains no such content.

Reaction

Critical reaction towards the film was largely enthusiastic, especially in comparison to the two previous prequels. Film review site Rotten Tomatoes gave it a rating of 82% based on 229 reviews, compared to the 63% and 65% received by Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace and Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones, respectively. Some critics have noted that they view it to be the best of the prequels, while other reviewers have judged it to be the best Star Wars film since Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back. A. O. Scott of the New York Times concluded that it was "the best of the four episodes Mr. Lucas has directed," and equal to The Empire Strikes Back as "the richest and most challenging movie in the cycle."

Despite the generally positive reception, many critics asserted Lucas' continued weakness with dialogue in general, particularly with the romantic plot-line. Many critics were pleased with the acting, however, with Christensen's depiction of a more mature Anakin Skywalker and Ian McDiarmid's charismatic turn as the ascendant Chancellor Palpatine receiving the most acclaim. As with earlier prequels, many felt that Lucas did not draw out the potential of Natalie Portman's performance, but this is partially because her entire sub-plot (as a founding member of the Rebel Alliance, alongside Bail Organa and Mon Mothma) was cut from the film-- it's restored in the DVD, however. In contrast with the previous two prequels, these flaws are generally seen as minor and not obtrusive to the film.

Awards and nominations

2006 Academy Awards

One nomination:

• Achievement in Makeup

2005 Golden Raspberry Awards

One nomination:

• Worst Supporting Actor (Hayden Christensen)

People's Choice Awards

• Favorite Movie
• Favorite Movie - Drama

Box office performance

The film earned an estimated $16.5 million from 2,900 midnight screenings in North America upon its release. In total, it earned a record $50 million on its opening day. This broke several box office records:

• Midnight screenings. Previously held by The Lord of the Rings: Return of the King, which earned $8 million from 2,100 midnight screenings.
• Opening day gross. Previously held by Spider-Man 2 with $40.4 million.
• Single day gross. Previously held by Shrek 2 with $44.8 million.
• Thursday gross. Previously held by The Matrix Reloaded with $37.5 million.

According to the box office prediction and analysis site Box Office Mojo, Revenge of the Sith set domestic records for highest gross in a given number of days for each of at least its first twelve days of release except for the seventh and eighth, where the record is narrowly held by Spider-Man 2.

It totaled $158.5 million in its first four-day period, surpassing the previous four-day record held by The Matrix Reloaded ($134.3 million) and making it the second highest grossing movie of 2005 after just four days in release (behind Hitch, $177.6 million, which it passed on its fifth day). It joins Spider-Man, The Matrix Reloaded and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire as the only movies to make $100 million in three days. It became the only film to tie Spider-Man 2's record of eight days to $200 million, and with $25,088,336 in its third weekend (June 3-5) it had passed $300 million on Saturday, its 17th day, surpassing the record of 18 days held by Shrek 2. It was the third fastest (after Shrek 2 and Spider-Man) to reach $350 million.

It apparently stopped running in domestic theaters on October 20, 2005. Its total of $380,270,577 ranks it 7th all-time domestically, the highest-grossing movie of 2005 by a margin of over $100 million. (Taking ticket-price inflation into account, it is the 55th highest grossing movie in U.S. history.)

Revenge of the Sith was released in 115 countries. Worldwide gross eventually reached $848,466,209, ranking 12th all-time and the 2nd worldwide in 2005, right behind Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.

Selected plot elements

Cinematic and literary allusions

Throughout Revenge of the Sith Lucas refers to a wide range of films and other sources drawing on political, military and mythological motifs to enhance the impact of his story. Early on the Jedi navigate their way through General Grevious' ship by traversing elevator shafts, thematically and visually echoing the tradition of post-Die Hard action movies and Lars von Trier's mini-series Riget (The Kingdom). Anakin's execution of Dooku mimics the scissor-beheadings of Ridley Scott's film Gladiator, and the subsequent run across the elevator shaft walls while the spaceship is falling in battle echoes the disastrous situations of The Poseidon Adventure.

Palpatine's fabrication of a Jedi "coup d'etat" is comparable to the plot of the John Frankenheimer thriller Seven Days in May, while his conversion of Anakin to the dark side and motivating him to assassinate his political enemies in order to aid his ascent to dictatorial powers are more close to the content of Frankenheimer's previous film, The Manchurian Candidate. Also, in both films, the brainwashed assassin eventually murders —or is led to believe he has murdered— his own wife. In Frankenheimer's film, the wife is the daughter of a liberal senator. In Lucas' film, the wife herself is a liberal senator.

The very idea of the individual slaughter of the Jedi, order 66, is reminiscent of the coup of the Knights Templar by Pope Clement V on Friday the thirteenth, 1307.

Palpatine's appearance and actions are also reminiscent of Dr. Mabuse, particularly as portrayed by German actor Rudolph Klein-Rogge in director Fritz Lang's films. Anakin also bears a resemblance to a villainous character played by Klein-Rogge from a film by Lang —the mad scientist Rotwang from the classic film Metropolis. Both Anakin and Rotwang wear a menacing leather glove on one hand and concentrate on saving —or resurrecting— a lost loved one. Also, Rotwang builds the android whose appearance heavily influenced the image of Lucas' C-3PO, who was built, in The Phantom Menace, by Anakin.

Based on the scene in the opera, it has been speculated that either Palpatine or Plagueis manipulated the Force to create Anakin, thus being Anakin's "father", but this has been neither confirmed nor denied, and was purposefully left ambiguous.

The lightsaber duel between Obi-Wan and the four-armed skeletal cyborg General Grevious echoes similar fight sequences in Ray Harryhausen's filmography, particularly the fights involving animated skeletons and multi-armed statues in Jason and the Argonauts and the Sinbad the Sailor series. The close-ups on Grevious's and Obi-Wan's eyes is likely an homage to the work of Sergio Leone, whose protracted gunfights featured such extreme close-ups, especially in The Good, The Bad and The Ugly.

Lucas' editing schemes during Order 66, the slaughter of the Separatists and the declaration of the Galactic Empire is reminiscent of the montage of massacres during the christening scene of The Godfather, a film directed by mentor Francis Ford Coppola.

Palpatine's scheming manipulations of Anakin have been compared by many, including McDiarmid himself, to those of Iago, the villain of Shakespeare's Othello. In Othello, the title character is led to believe by Iago that his wife has committed adultery with his confidante and lieutenant. In Revenge of the Sith, Vader comes to believe that his wife, Padmé, has betrayed him to his former master, Obi-Wan. In both cases, jealousy drives the husband to strangle his wife.

McDiarmid, Lucas, and others have also called Anakin's journey to the dark side faustian in the sense of making a "pact with the devil" for short-term gain. Midway in the film, Lucas intercuts between Anakin and Padmé by themselves, thinking about one another in the Jedi Temple and their apartment, respectively during sunset, in a sequence without dialog and complimented by a moody, synthesized soundtrack. Lucas' coverage of the exterior cityscapes, skylines and interior isolation is similar to the cinematography and mis-en-scene of Roman Polanski, particularly in The Pianist, The Tenant and Rosemary's Baby, a film in which a husband makes a literal pact with the devil.

References to the original trilogy

• The title is a reprise of an early working title of Return of the Jedi, "Revenge of the Jedi", which was altered by Lucas with the rationale that Jedi do not take revenge.
• Many vehicles and technology in the film appear to be predecessors of their counterparts in the original trilogy.
• In the beginning of the movie while flying a starfighter on the way to rescue Palpatine, Anakin says, "This is where the fun begins". Han Solo says the identical line in A New Hope.
• Obi-Wan says the traditional "I have a bad feeling about this!" just before he and Anakin enter the hangar of General Grievous' battlecruiser.
• The scene where the elevator falls and Anakin has to hold on to the ledge parallels the scene where Luke has to hold on when he falls out of a window in Episode V.
• Palpatine watches as his current apprentice (Count Dooku) and his intended new apprentice (Anakin) duel to the death, while behind them can be seen a massive space fleet battle, as in Return of the Jedi.
• Palpatine urges Anakin to kill Count Dooku, and Anakin does and becomes Palpatine's apprentice. In Return of the Jedi, Palpatine urges Luke to kill Vader, but Luke refuses, and avoids turning to the dark side.
• When Obi-Wan jumps in the middle of the droid army in Utapau, he says "Hello there" to Grievous. This is the first line Obi-Wan says in Episode IV, to R2-D2.
• When Obi-Wan kills Grievous with a blaster and says "So uncivilized", echoing the line in Episode IV when he talks about the lightsaber being "an elegant weapon, for a more civilized age"
• When Obi-Wan makes his rendezvous with the Tantive IV, the ship he is flying is swallowed up by the Tantive IV's underbelly. This echoes the ultimate fate of the Tantive IV itself in the opening scenes of A New Hope.
• In the original Star Wars script treatment, the climactic battle was between Wookiees and Imperial forces as in Revenge of the Sith. This was adapted for Episode VI as the Battle of Endor between Ewoks and Imperial Stormtroopers.
• Wookiees from Kashyyyk rip out droids from vehicles during the Separatists' invasion. This mirrors the scenes in Return of the Jedi where Chewbacca rips out Imperial forces from their AT-STs.
• In the battle on the Wookiee planet Kashyyyk, a distinctive Tarzan yell can be heard, just as in Episode VI, when Chewbacca and two Ewoks swing toward an Imperial Scout Walker on Endor.
• In convincing him that the Jedi are trying to oust him as Chancellor, Palpatine urges Anakin to "search your feelings...you know, don't you?" This mirrors Episode V, in which Vader convinces Luke that he is his father, urging the boy to "search your feelings. You know it to be true."
• Palpatine closes his eyes and tells Anakin, "I can feel your anger." He gives the same line, directed at Luke, in Return of the Jedi.
• Anakin is conflicted to choose between Palpatine and a fellow Jedi, as in Return of the Jedi.
• The scene where Mace has his blade at Palpatine's throat is similar to that when Vader has his blade at Luke's throat in The Empire Strikes Back, and when Luke had his blade at Vader's throat in Return of the Jedi.
• Anakin cuts off Mace Windu's weapon hand, as Palpatine looks on, and joins the Dark Side. In Return of the Jedi, Luke Skywalker cuts off Darth Vader's weapon hand, as Palpatine looks on, but refuses to join the Dark Side.
• When Anakin and Obi-Wan are approaching the Senate after saving Palpatine, the Millennium Falcon is one of the ships which touch down on Coruscant.
• When Obi-Wan and Yoda return to the Jedi Temple and discover the corpses of their fellow Jedi, Yoda's closer inspection of the bodies reveals that not all of them were killed by clone troopers, that a lightsaber was used as well, implicating one of the Jedi as a traitor. Obi-Wan decides to look at the security holograms despite Yoda's warning that he will find it painful, and he is dumbstruck to find that Anakin led the massacre. This is paralleled in Episode IV when Luke, Obi-Wan and the droids come upon the ruins of the Jawas' sandcrawler and find all of them slaughtered. Luke at first suspects the Sandpeople, but Obi-Wan's closer inspection shows that Imperial Stormtroopers were actually responsible. Luke realizes what this means and races home, despite Obi-Wan's warning that it is too dangerous, and he is dumbstruck to find that Owen and Beru Lars were reduced to burnt ashes by Imperial Stormtroopers.
• Vader's offer to Padmé to join him and rule the Empire mirrors Vader's offer to Luke in Episode V.
• Vader says, "From my point of view, the Jedi are evil." In Return of the Jedi, Obi-Wan tells Luke, "You will find that many of the truths we cling to depend greatly on our own point of view."
• Padmé's last words are, "There is good in him. I know, I know there is still...", referring to Anakin. She says it to Obi-Wan on Polis Massa, momentarily after bearing Luke and Leia. Return of the Jedi contains variations of Padmé's last words. In a scene on Dabogah, Luke says to the spirit of Obi-Wan, "There is still good in him", also referring to Anakin. He later says that to Leia on Endor. Finally, he says to Vader, "I know there is good in you."
• Vader sustains severe injuries from the lightsaber duel he has with his former master on Mustafar (his biological limbs are cut off). Defeated, he lies on the side of a lava bank, crawling his way up the embankment. Sensing his danger through the Force, Emperor Palaptine rescues him. He is then given cybernetic limbs to replace those he lost in the duel. A similar situation occurs in The Empire Strikes Back, when Luke sustains an injury from Vader in a lightsaber duel (his weapon hand is cut off), and after falling down a shaft, is left dangling from a weather vane on the underside of Cloud City. Leia senses Luke's danger through the force, and comes to rescue him in the Millennium Falcon. Luke is then given a cybernetic hand to replace the one he lost in the duel with Vader.
• The blue-bladed lightsaber Anakin/Vader used in Revenge of the Sith is the same lightsaber Obi-Wan gave to Luke in A New Hope. Luke lost that lightsaber in a duel with Vader in Empire Strikes Back. The lightsaber was subsequently broken, and then was re-returned to Obi-Wan's hut on Tatooine.
• Yoda, in the duel with Darth Sidious, falls down the massive circular Senate chamber and escapes through the bottom of the building into a waiting speeder piloted by Bail Organa. This also is similar to Luke's situation in "The Empire Strikes Back" when Luke, after the duel with Darth Vader, falls down the massive circular shaft in Cloud City and hangs on to the weather vane below the city until he is rescued by the Millennium Falcon piloted by Leia Organa.
• In one of the final scenes, Darth Vader's screams "NOOO!!" when he learns of Padmé's death. Vader's scream has been lampooned and criticized as campy and inappropriate. Luke's scream of "NOOO!" upon learning that Darth Vader is his father was also similarly lampooned and poorly received during its release in 1980. An actor screams this line in every Star Wars movie.
• The first line spoken in Episode IV is "Did you hear that?" by C-3PO (Anthony Daniels), on the Tantive IV. The last line spoken in Episode III is "Oh no!", also by C-3PO, played by the same actor, also on that ship.
• The final shot of Owen and Beru holding Luke and looking into the Tatooine twin sunset mirrors a similar scene with Luke in A New Hope (as well as a similar scene of Anakin in Attack of the Clones). The music is also the same in all three cases (the Force Theme).
• More Republic equipment resembles that of Imperial equipment. Examples include the Jedi Starfighters having small resemblance to the TIE Fighters and Interceptor.
• Both Anakin's and Obi-Wan's callsigns reference their family connections to the original trilogy. In the novelization, Anakin's callsign is Red Five, the same as his son Luke in Episode IV. According to his action figure, Obi-Wan's is Red Leader, which in Episode VI is used by Wedge Antilles, played by Ewan McGregor's uncle Denis Lawson.
• Vader uses the Force to choke Padmé on Mustafar, as he believes she has turned against him. However, Obi-Wan then tells him to halt the Force chokehold. Although Padmé does not die from the choke, she later dies of the loss of will to live near the end of the film. This parallels a scene from A New Hope, where Vader uses the Force to choke Admiral Romodi Motti in the Death Star for his lack of faith in Vader. Moff Tarkin then tells Vader to halt the Force chokehold. Although Motti is not killed from this choke, both Motti and Tarkin die near the end of the film, when Luke destroys the Death Star.
• When Anakin releases Padmé after choking her, Obi-Wan puts his hand on her head for a while. He does the same thing to Luke in A New Hope after the Sand People attack him.
• At the end of Obi-wan and Anakin's duel, Obi-wan wins because he has the high ground. Later, when Luke and Vader duel, Luke jumps up on a platform and instead of following him Vader throws his lightsaber, having learned from his previous error.

Soundtrack

The soundtrack to the film was released by Sony Classical on May 3, 2005, more than two weeks before the release of the film. The music was composed and conducted by John Williams, and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra and London Voices. John Williams was also composer and conductor of the score for the other five films in the Star Wars saga. A music video titled A Hero Falls was created for the film's theme, Battle of the Heroes, featuring footage from the film.

The soundtrack also came with a collectors' DVD, Star Wars: A Musical Journey, at no additional cost. The DVD features 16 music videos set to remastered selections of music from all six film scores, set chronologically through the saga.

This album was chosen as one of Amazon.com's Top 100 Editor's Picks of 2005 (#83).

Novelization

• Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith - Novelization, 1st edition hardcover, 2005. Matthew Woodring Stover, George Lucas, ISBN 0-7126-8427-1

A book version of the movie was written by Matthew Stover. The novelization includes much more dialog than the movie, including a conversation between Count Dooku and Darth Sidious, where the reader learns Palpatine lied to Dooku about what the Empire would truly be. The novel includes many little details that some Star Wars fans are likely to appreciate. For example, during the Battle of Coruscant, Anakin's callsign is Red 5, a reference to Luke's callsign in the Battle of Yavin. In addition to this, the siege of the Jedi Temple is slightly more violent than the cinematic version is.

Video game

A video game, based on the film, was released on May 5, 2005, two weeks before the film. The game followed the movie's storyline, for the most part, integrating scenes from the movie. However, many sections of the game featured cut scenes from the movie, or entirely new scenes for the game. The style of the game was mostly lightsaber combat and fighting as Obi-Wan or Anakin. One unique and popular aspect of the game was that it included an alternate ending, which functioned as such to both the game and the movie, which involved Anakin killing Obi-Wan, instead of Obi-Wan defeating Anakin as in the movie. After the death of Obi-Wan, Anakin proceeds to kill Palpatine, and take over the galaxy.

It also has a form of multiplayer mode, which includes both "VS" and "Co-Player" mode. In the first mode, two players fight with characters of their choice against each other in a lightsaber duel to the death. In the latter mode, two players team up to combat increasingly difficult waves of enemies.

Trivia

• An early, and later proved to be fake, plot leak said that Mace Windu would not die at the hands of Palpatine, but he would be killed by Boba Fett, who was avenging the death of his father, Jango Fett, in the previous film at the hands of Mace Windu
• Jar Jar Binks appears in this film, but has only one line of dialog; when he nearly bumps into a larger senator who mutters "watch it," to which Binks barely audibly replies "Excuse me". The line appears to be the same recording used in The Phantom Menace, when Jar Jar excuses himself after burping.
• This is the only time where two lightsabers of the same color (blue) come into contact (Grievous vs. Obi-Wan, and more notably Obi-Wan vs. Darth Vader; combatants in both instances using blue lightsabers). It is also the only instance of a blue-bladed and green-bladed lightsaber to come into contact with each other (the aforementioned Grievous vs. Obi-Wan). This is also the only film to feature a combatant with a blue-bladed lightsaber come out victorious at the end of a duel (A combatant with a blue-bladed lightsaber usually loses a duel to a combatant with a red-bladed lightsaber. In Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace, Obi-Wan was initially equipped with a blue-bladed lightsaber and used it during most of the duel, but it fell into the chasm on Naboo, and in the last seconds, he had to finish off Darth Maul with Qui-Gon's green-bladed lightsaber. There is no blue-bladed lightsaber in Return of the Jedi.)
• When the ship Anakin and Obi-Wan are on, at the start, begins firing on an enemy ship, there is some footage of explosions and people being thrown into the air. One of them screams a classic "Wilhelm scream".
• The Revenge of the Sith video game closely follows the film, but for reasons of gameplay greatly expands a number of the action sequences. After the completion of the movie plotline the game unlocks a level that allows the player to go back and replay the final duel from Vader's point of view. Its completion then unlocks an alternate short ending where the uninjured Darth Vader kills the Emperor and usurps control of the Galaxy. Plot elements shown in the game include Vader activating the Jedi beacon, killing the librarian Jocasta Nu, and dueling with Cin Drallig and his Padawan Serra Keto (see Cameo appearances above).
• The Darth Vader costume used in the film was created specifically to fit Hayden Christensen, rather than use the old one from the original trilogy. The new costume featured shoe lifts and a muscle suit [2]. It also required Christensen (who is six-foot-one or 1.85 metres, while David Prowse is six-foot-seven or 2 meters) to look through the mouthpiece of the helmet [3].
• Revenge of the Sith has the world record for most special effects used in a single film—over 3500.
• One of the scenes deleted from the film was Yoda's arrival on Dagobah. Even though it didn't make it into the film, it is available on the bonus disc of the Revenge of the Sith DVD as one of the deleted scenes, and Rick McCallum has reported that it may be put back into a future release of the film.
• When the film was released on home video in November 2005, it became the only Star Wars film never to be released on VHS in the US. It is only available on DVD. This has caused some backlash from fans collecting both the DVD and VHS versions, complaining that their VHS set will not be complete without Episode III. However, VHS copies are for sale in stores in the United Kingdom and Australia.
• The DVD cover art is the only cover of the six films not to include a central character brandishing a lightsaber towards the viewer.
• This was the first DVD release not to contain a secret blooper reel of footage from filming. Instead it contained a rap video with a dancing Yoda and clonetroopers.
• On the call sheets, Natalie Portman was listed as "Debbie Gibson."
• Ewan McGregor's stunt double was Nash Edgerton (the brother of Joel Edgerton, who plays Owen Lars). Coincidentally, the Return of the Jedi novelization refers to Obi-Wan Kenobi as Owen's brother.
• One of the film's many rumored subtitles was Rise of the Empire.
• In the first scene between Anakin and Padmé, Padmé has her hair styled in the infamous Princess Leia Danish-buns-over-the-ears method.
• The limestone mountains depicting Kashyyyk were filmed in Phuket, Thailand (which was later damaged by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami).
• The name Utapau was originally intended for Tatooine and then Alderaan in the early drafts of A New Hope, and then for Naboo in The Phantom Menace, until it became the sinkhole planet seen in Revenge of the Sith.
• Although parts of Episode III were filmed in Thailand, the Lucas spelling of Utapau is a romanized spelling of a Thai military base in Sattahip, Thailand within 50 miles of Bangkok. In the film, Yoda pronounces the word differently than Anakin (in a later scene where the Jedi Council is voting where Yoda is in a hologram); Anakin's pronunciation of Utapau in the film is the correct pronunciation by Thai nationals and tourists.
• In the two shots where the wookies roar just before their battle, the varactyl's (the lizard-mount used by Obi-Wan elsewhere in the film) bark can be heard.
• This is the only Star Wars film in which the opening crawl has an exclamation point in it.
• Yoda rubs his head while deep in thought. George Lucas requested this of the animators as an homage to Takashi Shimura's signature gesture in Akira Kurosawa's Seven Samurai.
• The speeder car driven by Senator Bail Organa (Jimmy Smits) is based on the revolutionary, but ill-fated, 1948 Tucker Torpedo automobile. In addition to owning one of the 51 Torpedoes built, George Lucas executive produced the 1988 biopic, Tucker: The Man and His Dream, starring Jeff Bridges as Preston Tucker, and directed by Lucas' old friend, director Francis Ford Coppola. Coppola also owns a Tucker Torpedo.
• General Grievous' breathing problems were intended to emphasize his organic nature as well as the flaws of cyborg prosthetics. Grievous has prevously appeared in Star Wars: Clone Wars before many of his personality traits and quirks had been finalized. To reconcile the differences between the two presentations, Mace Windu "force-grips" Grievous towards the end of the show's third season (volume two) as the General was making off with Palpatine, crushing the cyborg's chest panel. John Knoll even acknowledges and points out this fact in the Revenge of the Sith DVD commentary. The audio effects for the coughing were taken from George Lucas, who had a cough during principal photography.
• Composer John Williams added to his opening score an homage to composer Joel McNeely's work from the score to Shadows of the Empire, a book written to take place between Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back and Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi. It can be heard briefly during the battle scene over Coruscant.
• The interior of the Tantive IV was done entirely on a practical set, without the use of any bluescreen.
• Natalie Portman surprised many people by showing up to the film's premieres with a shaved head (for her part in V for Vendetta). George Lucas was not put off by this and enjoyed rubbing Natalie's buzzed hair.
• Palpatine's line, "I am the Senate," may be a reference to a quote by King Louis XIV- "I am the state."
• George Lucas originally intended to have Peter Cushing reprise his role as Tarkin, years after his death, through the use of stock footage and digital technology. Unfortunately, the footage of Cushing was deemed unusable, and the idea was scrapped. Eventually, however, the film's casting director was able to find a very close lookalike, Wayne Pygram.
• The final scene on Tatooine, where Obi-Wan Kenobi delivers the infant Luke to his aunt and uncle, is often referred to as the "Harry Potter scene". Composer John Williams included a small 11-tone musical cue in the scene reminiscent of his score for Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001). It can be heard when Obi-Wan arrives at Owen and Beru's house.
• This is the first and only Star Wars film where Palpatine wields his lightsaber.
• Palpatine's lightsaber is the only Sith lightsaber that is never seen coming in contact with a purple-bladed lightsaber. Palpatine's lightsaber is also the only lightsaber that touches Mace Windu's saber blade.
• Throughout the Palpatine/Mace fight, Palpatine's hilt periodically switches to Anakin's saber hilt. The reason for this is revealed in one of the documentaries on Disc 2, where Ian McDiarmid is seen using the Anakin lightsaber prop while rehearsing the scenes. Further revelations in The Making of Revenge of the Sith show that the scene originally had Anakin present, with Palpatine using the Force to borrow Anakin's lightsaber to duel. It never occurred to the effects crew that they hadn't inserted the correct hilt during post-production. Incidentally, an action figure of Palpatine was also produced holding a blue lightsaber, but later corrected to red (the hilt remains incorrect).
• The scene where Amidala meets up with Anakin on Mustafar was parodied for the 2005 MTV Movie Awards.
• The original soundtrack is the only one in the prequel trilogy that does not have a shot of Tatooine as its backdrop.
• This is the only episode that does not have R2-D2 and/or C-3PO in the closing shot.
• There are markings on Obi-Wan's starfighter counting the number of kills he scored, a reference to World War II, where pilots often placed markings on their planes to personalize them. This echoes the frequent references to World War Two in the Clone Wars TV series.
• George Lucas's daughters, who make cameos at the opera house, refused to be in the scene unless their father was in the scene with them. Lucas stands on screen left talking with his youngest daughter, and his oldest daughter is in center screen, talking to her boyfriend. (DVD audio commentary)
• On early discs with the DVD release, the file containing the film and the file with the bonus features were each named a variation of "CHARLOTTE," rather than something relating to the movie itself. This was done intentionally by those who created the DVD, in order to keep it a secret as to which exact DVD would be used for the main release. The more common file is called something relating to Revenge of the Sith. Copies of the film titled Charlotte are valued more than standard releases.
• Several lava explosions, seen in Mustafar at the fight scene between Anakin and Obi-Wan Kenobi, were in fact real life explosions shot from Mount Etna's eruption which were later combined with computer generated effects to create the impressive and real-life atmosphere.
• According to the filmmakers in the audio commentary, the speed in which Anakin and Obi-Wan engage their lightsaber duel on Mustafar is the speed in which the duel was filmed, and was not digitally accelerated.
• Episode III features the longest opening continuing shot in the entire Star Wars saga (over two minutes long).
• This is the first film in the Star Wars Saga in which a dream is literally depicted on camera.
• After returning Supreme Chancellor Palpatine to Coruscant, Obi-Wan tells Anakin ". . .that business on Cato Neimoidia doesn't count." This was going to be a running gag throughout the film, but all subsequent uses were eventually cut.
• On the poster, Padmé wears an outfit that does not appear in the movie itself. However, the costume does appear in some of the deleted scenes. A different costume was used on the DVD cover, however this costume appears in the same way as on the cover only in the deleted scenes. In the movie, this costume appears with the hood down. In Padme's Wardrobe site, the costume used on the poster is called the Peacock Gown, and the costume used on the DVD cover is called the Green Cut Velvet Robe.
• On the DVD cover, Anakin's scar (the result of a lightsaber duel with Asajj Ventress in Star Wars: Clone Wars) on his right eye is missing completely.
• Lucas's friend and fellow filmmaker Steven Spielberg was confirmed to have worked on some of the conceptual work and animatics for the film, focusing mainly on the Yoda/Palpatine fight and the Mustafar duel.
• At one point in the film, Ki-Adi-Mundi makes a motion that Obi-Wan Kenobi should lead the search on Utapau for General Grievous. However, after making the suggestion and others agree by saying "aye," he too says "aye", suggesting his line was meant to be spoken by a different character.
• In a wide shot of Darth Vader's half-done operated body and a claw with his mask moving closer to put the mask on near the end of the film, it is apparent that he doesn't have his voice amplifier piece or his neck plating on, but after the shot with the mask lowering , the neck plate is attached.
• As confirmed by the DVD-ROM commentary, during the scene in which Yoda departs Kashyyyk and bids farwell to Chewbacca and Tarfful, Tarfful's growls are actually Itchy's growls from The Star Wars Holiday Special.
• This was the first Star Wars film in which Anakin Skywalker and the suited Darth Vader were played by the same actor in the same film. In all of the other films, the two characters were played by at least two different people.

DVD release

Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith was released on DVD on November 1, 2005 in the United States. The DVD was a two-disc set, with picture and sound mastered from the original digital source material. The DVD includes a new full-length documentary as well as two featurettes, one which explores the prophecy of Anakin Skywalker as the Chosen One, the other looking at the movie's stunts. The 15 part web documentary series, "Making Episode III", is also included in the set. A playable demo of Star Wars: Battlefront II was also included on the DVD.

Together with Star Wars: Battlefront II, the DVD has earned around $280 million as of November 8, 2005. [4]

Notable firsts

• Unlike any other film directed by Lucas, Revenge of the Sith was released on DVD without any noticeable alterations from the film's original theatrical cut.
• The DVD cover art is the only cover of the six films not to include a central character brandishing a lens flare-boasting lightsaber blade towards the viewer. Additionally, Anakin is missing the scar on his right eye on the DVD cover.
• This release is notable because, due to marketing issues, it was the first Star Wars film never to be released on VHS (except in Australia and the United Kingdom). This has caused some backlash from fans collecting both the VHS versions, complaining that their VHS set will not be complete without Episode III.
• This was the first release not to contain a secret blooper reel of footage from filming as an easter egg. Instead it contained a rap video with a dancing Yoda and clone troopers.

Features (USA)

Disc 1:

• Available subtitles: English
• Available Audio Tracks: English (Dolby Digital 5.1 EX), Spanish (Dolby Digital 2.0 Surround), French (Dolby Digital 2.0 Surround)
• Commentary by writer-director George Lucas, producer Rick McCallum, animation director Rob Coleman, and ILM visual effects supervisors John Knoll and Roger Guyett

Disc 2:

• Exclusive deleted scenes with introductions by George Lucas and Rick McCallum
• "Within a Minute" documentary film about the making of the Mustafar battle
• "The Chosen One" featurette: George Lucas traces the myth of Darth Vader through episodes 1-6
• "It's All for Real: The Stunts of Episode III"
• A 15-part collection of Lucasfilm's Web documentaries
• Star Wars: Battlefront II trailer and Xbox game demo
• Star Wars: Empire at War PC game trailer
• "A Hero Falls" music video
• Poster and print campaign
• Trailers and TV spots
• Production photo gallery
• DVD-ROM content includes a free trial of Hyperspace

Bonus discs

Wal-Mart stores included an exclusive bonus disc, entitled The Story of Star Wars, with some copies of Revenge of the Sith, when it arrived on DVD. [5] As with many previous Star Wars "history" featurettes, it is hosted with newly shot footage by the droid duo, R2-D2 and C-3PO. The sticker on the cover describes it as "R2-D2 and C-3P0's chronicles of Luke and Anakin Skywalker". Presented in full frame with Dolby Digital 2.0 sound and running 1 hour in total, it was originally produced and released in 2004 as a 3-disc collection for the VideoNow Color personal video player. The DVD version contains the content from the first two discs: The Story of Anakin Skywalker and The Story of Luke Skywalker. The footage used contains no scenes from Revenge of the Sith nor does it have the changes contained in the 2004 DVD Special Edition releases.

Target stores also offered a bonus disc with the Revenge of the Sith DVD. The disc contained Star Wait, a documentary about Star Wars fans who had waited in line for Episodes II and III.

Notes and references

1. ^ Box Office Mojo - Star Wars: Episode III.
2. ^ Latest 'Star Wars' Movie Is Quickly Politicized by David M. Halbfinger, New York Times, May 19, 2005.
3. ^ In the DVD commentary for Revenge of the Sith, Lucas makes an offhand comment regarding the first Death Star. He explains that it was the exact same one as seen in A New Hope. He goes on to say that it would be "a bit of a stretch," but explains that due to "union disputes and supply problems," it took 19 years to build. However, Kevin J. Anderson's novels Jedi Search and Champions of the Force explain that a prototype Death Star was built in preparation of construction of the first Death Star in A New Hope, which would give another explanation for why the first Death Star took so long to build, in contrast with the second Death Star from Return of the Jedi. Until a further source fully explains this, the issue remains disputed.