Rabbit

Genera
Pentalagus
Bunolagus
Nesolagus
Romerolagus
Brachylagus
Sylvilagus
Oryctolagus
Poelagus

Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae, found in many parts of the world. They are sometimes affectionately known as bunnies, especially by children. There are seven different genera in the family classified as rabbits, including the European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), cottontail rabbits (genus Sylvilagus; 13 species), and the Amami Rabbit (Pentalagus furnessi, an endangered species on Amami Oshima, Japan). There are many other species of rabbit, and these, along with cottontails, pikas and hares make up the Order Lagomorpha.

Hares

Rabbits are distinguished from the related hares in that they are altricial, having young that are born blind and hairless; many also live underground in burrows.

Male and female rabbits

A male rabbit is called a buck, and a female is called a doe. A baby rabbit is called a kit, which is short for kitten.

Size and weight

The bane of Australian farmers - the wild rabbit

Rabbits vary in size and weight. As lagomorphs, they have four incisors on their top jaw and two on the bottom jaw, that grow continuously throughout their life. This is distinct from rodents, which have two each on the top and bottom. Rabbits have long ears, large hind legs, and short fluffy tails. Rabbits move by hopping, using their long and powerful hind legs. To facilitate quick movement, rabbit hind feet have a thick padding of fur to dampen the shock of rapid hopping. Their 4 toes are long, and are webbed to keep them from spreading apart as they jump. They have 5 digits on their front paws. Depending on the species of the rabbit, one can reach a speed of 15-20 m/s (35-45 mph). Young rabbits appear to 'walk', instead of hopping.


Some species are well-known for digging networks of burrows, called warrens, where they spend most of their time when not feeding.

A Wild Rabbit sitting in the United States

Humans' relationship with rabbits

Humans' relationship with the European or ‘true’ rabbit was first recorded by the Phoenicians over 1,000 years BC, when they termed the Iberian Peninsula ‘i-shephan-im’ (literally, ‘the land of the rabbit’), which the Romans converted to the Latin form, Hispania, and hence the modern word Spain.

The European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is the only species of rabbit to be domesticated. All pet breeds of rabbits - such as dwarf lops, angoras, etc. - are of this species. However, rabbits and people interact in many different ways beyond domestication. Rabbits are an example of an animal which is treated as food, pet and pest by the same culture.

When used for food, rabbits are both hunted and raised for meat. Snares or guns along with dogs are usually employed when catching wild rabbits for food. In many areas rabbits are also raised for meat, a practice called cuniculture. Rabbit pelts are sometimes used as part of accessories, such as scarves. Rabbits are also very good producers of manure; their urine, being high in nitrogen, makes lemon trees very productive. Their milk may also be of great medicinal (see links below) or nutritional benefits due to its high protein content.

There are a number of health issues associated with the use of rabbits for meat, one of which is Tularemia or Rabbit Fever. Another is so-called rabbit starvation, due to either the low fat content of rabbit meat or amino acid deficiencies in rabbit meat and synthesis limitations in human beings.

Domestic rabbits

Provided they are well cared for, rabbits make friendly and playful pets. They are widely kept throughout the world, both indoors and out. Rabbits kept indoors are typically healthier and more social than rabbits kept outdoors. Housed indoors and provided with adequate damage-proofing (especially of electrical cables), rabbits are relatively safe from predators, disease, and temperature extremes. Rabbits kept outdoors must be provided with shelter that is heated in winter and shaded in summer. Domesticated rabbits are most comfortable in temperatures between 10 to 21 degrees Celsius (50 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit), and cannot endure temperatures above 32 degrees Celsius (90 degrees Fahrenheit). Veterinarians specializing in rabbits recommend a diet consisting of hay, leafy green vegetables, water, and small amounts of pellets.

Rabbits are crepuscular, meaning they are most active at dawn and dusk; rabbit owners find that these times correspond nicely with their working days. As prey animals, rabbits behave differently from predator companion animals such as cats and dogs. For example, they have lower 'running expenses', and do not tolerate games of chase. Although well known for hopping, rabbits' spines are inflexible and delicate and they dislike being handled. For these reasons, they are better suited for older teens and adults than for children.

The domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) originated from the European wild rabbit.

Environmental problems with rabbits

Rabbits have also been a source of environmental problems when introduced into the wild by humans (see Rabbits in Australia for details of it as a pest species in that country). Because of their appetites, and the rate at which they breed, wild rabbit depredation can prove problematic for agriculture. Gassing, barriers (fences), shooting, snaring and ferreting have been used to control rabbit populations, but the most effective is diseases such as myxomatosis ('myxo' for short), and calicivirus. In Europe, where rabbits are farmed on a large scale, they are protected against myxomatosis and calicivirus with a genetically modified virus. The virus was developed in Spain, and is beneficial to rabbit farmers. If it were to make its way into wild populations in areas such as Australia, this could create a population boom, since those diseases are the major threats to the rabbits' survival.

Classification

Rabbits and hares were formerly classified in the order Rodentia until 1912, when they were moved into a new order Lagomorpha. This order, in addition to containing rabbits and hares, also includes the pikas.

ORDER LAGOMORPHA

Rabbits in culture and literature

Rabbits are often used as a symbol of fertility. It is possibly as a consequence of this that they have been associated with Easter as the Easter Bunny. The species' role as a prey animal also lends itself as a symbol of innocence as an animal that seems to wish harm on no one, another Easter connotation. In addition, the animal is often used as a symbol of playful sexuality, which plays off of its perceived image of innocence, as well as its reputation as a prolific breeder

It is also a common folklore archetype of the trickster who uses his cunning to outwit his enemies. The most common example of this is Br'er Rabbit from African-American folktales; by extension the Warner Brothers cartoon character Bugs Bunny also typifies this image.

Anthropomorphic rabbits have appeared in a host of works of film and literature, most notably the White Rabbit in Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland; in the popular novel Watership Down, by Richard Adams; and in Beatrix Potter's works such as Peter Rabbit. Rabbits have also appeared in Monty Python's Holy Grail, where the Beast of Caer Bannog, seemingly an innocuous white rabbit, guarded the cave to the Holy Grail.

It is commonly believed that a rabbit, if injected with a woman's urine, will expire if the woman were pregnant. This is not true. However, in the 1920s it was discovered that if the injected urine contained the hormone hCG, a hormone found in the urine of pregnant women, the rabbit would display ovarian changes. The rabbit would indeed need to be killed to have its ovaries inspected, but the death of the rabbit was not the indicator of the results. Later revisions of the test allowed technicians to inspect the ovaries without euthanizing the rabbit.

There is a rabbit among the 12 animals in the Chinese zodiac.

Rabbit feet are considered lucky and fake rabbit feet are often sold as cheap trinkets. It also often leads to the humorous note that the rabbit itself was not lucky to lose them.

In Japanese tradition, rabbits live on the Moon where they make mochi - the popular snack of mashed sticky rice. This comes from interpreting the pattern of dark patches on the moon as a rabbit standing on tiptoes on the left working something like a butter churn. A pop culture manifestation of this tradition can be found in the character known as Sailor Moon, whose name is Usagi, Japanese for "rabbit". In Chinese literature, rabbits also accompany Chang'e on the Moon.


This page about rabbits includes information from a Wikipedia article.
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In Chinese literature, rabbits also accompany Chang'e on the Moon. Proof of this good health, in 2005, for the first time in its history, Citroën is planned to reach a total worldwide production of 1,000,000 cars. A pop culture manifestation of this tradition can be found in the character known as Sailor Moon, whose name is Usagi, Japanese for "rabbit". The introduction of even newer models, such as the long-awaited XM replacement, the C6, indicates Citroën's continued commitment to innovation in the 21st century. This comes from interpreting the pattern of dark patches on the moon as a rabbit standing on tiptoes on the left working something like a butter churn. It has even expanded into new markets, for example in China where the C3 and Xsara are alongside the ZX Fukang and Elysée local models. In Japanese tradition, rabbits live on the Moon where they make mochi - the popular snack of mashed sticky rice. In spite of the problems between Peugeot and Citroën, Citroën has continued its tradition for innovation, exemplified by new vehicles such as the C2 and the Xsara Picasso.

It also often leads to the humorous note that the rabbit itself was not lucky to lose them. The ubiquitous 2CV was finally killed off in 1990, production having moved from France to Portugal. Rabbit feet are considered lucky and fake rabbit feet are often sold as cheap trinkets. Citroën's ambitious attitude to engineering and styling was squeezed out in favor of Peugeot conservatism. There is a rabbit among the 12 animals in the Chinese zodiac. Citroën developed a small car for production in Romania known as the Oltcit, which it also sold as the Citroën Axel. Later revisions of the test allowed technicians to inspect the ovaries without euthanizing the rabbit. The XM, for example, used the same engines and floorpan as the Peugeot 605, and the Xantia of 1993 was identical under the skin to the Peugeot 406.

The rabbit would indeed need to be killed to have its ovaries inspected, but the death of the rabbit was not the indicator of the results. By the late 1980s, PSA used extensive platform sharing. However, in the 1920s it was discovered that if the injected urine contained the hormone hCG, a hormone found in the urine of pregnant women, the rabbit would display ovarian changes. The BX of 1982 still used the hydropneumatic suspension system, but was powered by Peugeot-derived engines. This is not true. In the 1980s, Citroën models were increasingly Peugeot-based. It is commonly believed that a rabbit, if injected with a woman's urine, will expire if the woman were pregnant. The combined company was known as PSA Peugeot Citroën, PSA sold off Maserati to DeTomaso soon after.

Rabbits have also appeared in Monty Python's Holy Grail, where the Beast of Caer Bannog, seemingly an innocuous white rabbit, guarded the cave to the Holy Grail. Huge losses caused by failure of the Maserati tie-up coupled with crippling warranty costs by the unreliable GS and high development cost of CX led to Peugeot taking over Citroën in 1976. Anthropomorphic rabbits have appeared in a host of works of film and literature, most notably the White Rabbit in Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland; in the popular novel Watership Down, by Richard Adams; and in Beatrix Potter's works such as Peter Rabbit. This maneuver was unfortunately-timed, with the impending 1973 energy crisis soon to make GT manufacture unprofitable. The most common example of this is Br'er Rabbit from African-American folktales; by extension the Warner Brothers cartoon character Bugs Bunny also typifies this image. In 1967 Citroën took control of Maserati, the Italian sports car maker and launched the sports car/Grand Tourer SM, which contained a V6 Maserati engine. It is also a common folklore archetype of the trickster who uses his cunning to outwit his enemies. DS/ID).

In addition, the animal is often used as a symbol of playful sexuality, which plays off of its perceived image of innocence, as well as its reputation as a prolific breeder. 2CV/Ami) and large, expensive cars (e.g. The species' role as a prey animal also lends itself as a symbol of innocence as an animal that seems to wish harm on no one, another Easter connotation. In 1965 Citroën took over the French carmaker Panhard in the hope of using Panhard's expertise in midsize cars to complement its own range of very small, cheap cars (e.g. It is possibly as a consequence of this that they have been associated with Easter as the Easter Bunny. During Citroën's venture with Maserati the Citroën high pressure hydraulic system was used on several Maserati models for power clutch operation (Bora), power pedals adjustment (Bora), pop-up headlights (Bora, Merak) and brakes (Bora, Merak), and the entire Quattroporte II prototype, which was a four-door Citroën SM under the skin. Rabbits are often used as a symbol of fertility. This high-pressure hydraulic system would form the basis of many Citroën cars, including the SM, GS, CX, BX, XM, Xantia and C5.

ORDER LAGOMORPHA. The same high-pressure system was used to activate pistons located in the gearbox cover to shift the gears in the transmission (gearbox in British - in French transmission means driveshaft) and operate the clutch on their "Citromatic", Citroën's version of a semi-automatic transmission. This order, in addition to containing rabbits and hares, also includes the pikas. The DS featured power steering, power brakes and suspension and, from 1968, directional headlights . Rabbits and hares were formerly classified in the order Rodentia until 1912, when they were moved into a new order Lagomorpha. 1955 saw the introduction of the DS, which was the first full usage of Citroën's now legendary hydropneumatic suspension system that was first tested on the rear suspension of the last of the Tractions. If it were to make its way into wild populations in areas such as Australia, this could create a population boom, since those diseases are the major threats to the rabbits' survival. This car become a bestseller and even a 4wd version with 2 engines (Sahara)were sold in limited numbers.

The virus was developed in Spain, and is beneficial to rabbit farmers. Citroën unveiled the 2CV at the Paris Salon in 1948. In Europe, where rabbits are farmed on a large scale, they are protected against myxomatosis and calicivirus with a genetically modified virus. In 1934, debt forced the company into foreclosure; it was then taken over by its biggest creditor, the tire company Michelin. Gassing, barriers (fences), shooting, snaring and ferreting have been used to control rabbit populations, but the most effective is diseases such as myxomatosis ('myxo' for short), and calicivirus. The expeditions conveyed scientists and journalists and were a publicity success. Because of their appetites, and the rate at which they breed, wild rabbit depredation can prove problematic for agriculture. Citroën also sponsored some expeditions in Asia (Croisière Jaune) and Africa (Croisière Noire), intended to demonstrate the potential for motor vehicles to cross inhospitable regions.

Rabbits have also been a source of environmental problems when introduced into the wild by humans (see Rabbits in Australia for details of it as a pest species in that country). Achieving quick development of the Traction Avant was, of course, expensive and contributed to the financial ruin of the company. The domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) originated from the European wild rabbit. That encouraged André Citroën to develop the Traction Avant, a car so innovative that to it the competition would have no response. For these reasons, they are better suited for older teens and adults than for children. The Citroëns sold in large quantities despite the stylistic drawback, but the car's low price was the main selling point and Citroën experienced heavy losses. Although well known for hopping, rabbits' spines are inflexible and delicate and they dislike being handled. Citroën had no way to redesign the body of his cars and the cars began to be perceived as old-fashioned.

For example, they have lower 'running expenses', and do not tolerate games of chase. But soon competitors, who still used a wood structure for their bodies, introduced aerodynamic body designs on their cars. As prey animals, rabbits behave differently from predator companion animals such as cats and dogs. In the beginning, the cars were successful. Rabbits are crepuscular, meaning they are most active at dawn and dusk; rabbit owners find that these times correspond nicely with their working days. These cars would set the pattern to be followed thirty years later by the Mini, Volkswagen and nearly every other manufacturer. Veterinarians specializing in rabbits recommend a diet consisting of hay, leafy green vegetables, water, and small amounts of pellets. It was this prototype that evolved into the Onze Légère and 7 CV (5 kW) Traction Avant of 1934.

Domesticated rabbits are most comfortable in temperatures between 10 to 21 degrees Celsius (50 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit), and cannot endure temperatures above 32 degrees Celsius (90 degrees Fahrenheit). By 1930, Budd had created a prototype for Citroën with a unibody and front wheel drive. Rabbits kept outdoors must be provided with shelter that is heated in winter and shaded in summer. In 1928, Citroën introduced the first all-steel body in Europe. Housed indoors and provided with adequate damage-proofing (especially of electrical cables), rabbits are relatively safe from predators, disease, and temperature extremes. Budd went on to manufacture steel bodies for many automakers, Dodge being his first big auto client. Rabbits kept indoors are typically healthier and more social than rabbits kept outdoors. From 1899, Budd had worked to develop pressed-steel bodies for railroad cars, Pullman in particular.

They are widely kept throughout the world, both indoors and out. Budd. Provided they are well cared for, rabbits make friendly and playful pets. In 1924, Citroën began a relationship with American engineer Edward G. Another is so-called rabbit starvation, due to either the low fat content of rabbit meat or amino acid deficiencies in rabbit meat and synthesis limitations in human beings. In 1919, however, the business started to produce automobiles, beginning with the conventional Type A. There are a number of health issues associated with the use of rabbits for meat, one of which is Tularemia or Rabbit Fever. After serving in the French army, he set up a gear-making business, which became identified with the "herringbone" or double helical gear, which is the origin of the Citroën "double chevron" trademark.

Their milk may also be of great medicinal (see links below) or nutritional benefits due to its high protein content. The story of Citroën begins with the founder of the company himself, André Citroën. Rabbits are also very good producers of manure; their urine, being high in nitrogen, makes lemon trees very productive. . Rabbit pelts are sometimes used as part of accessories, such as scarves. Later significant models include the H Van (1947-1981, "HY"), 2CV (1948-1990, The "Ugly Duckling"), DS (1955-1975, "Goddess") and CX (1974-1989). In many areas rabbits are also raised for meat, a practice called cuniculture. Until the late 1980s the company had a reputation for approaching auto design in a unique way.

Snares or guns along with dogs are usually employed when catching wild rabbits for food. Originally a mass-market car maker with relatively straightforward designs, Citroën shocked the world in 1934 with the innovative Traction Avant (front wheel drive) (1934-1956). When used for food, rabbits are both hunted and raised for meat. Its headquarters are located in Paris, rue Fructidor. Rabbits are an example of an animal which is treated as food, pet and pest by the same culture. Citroën is a French automobile manufacturer, started in 1919 by André Citroën, today part of PSA Peugeot Citroën. However, rabbits and people interact in many different ways beyond domestication. 2005: Citroën C4.

- are of this species. 2003: Citroën C3. All pet breeds of rabbits - such as dwarf lops, angoras, etc. 1994: Citroën Xantia. The European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is the only species of rabbit to be domesticated. 1988: Citroën AX. Humans' relationship with the European or ‘true’ rabbit was first recorded by the Phoenicians over 1,000 years BC, when they termed the Iberian Peninsula ‘i-shephan-im’ (literally, ‘the land of the rabbit’), which the Romans converted to the Latin form, Hispania, and hence the modern word Spain. 1979: Citroën Visa.


Some species are well-known for digging networks of burrows, called warrens, where they spend most of their time when not feeding. 1990: Citroën XM. Young rabbits appear to 'walk', instead of hopping. 1975: Citroën CX. Depending on the species of the rabbit, one can reach a speed of 15-20 m/s (35-45 mph). 1971: Citroën GS. They have 5 digits on their front paws. Some models, like the Citroën RE2, have been flight tested and still exist.

Their 4 toes are long, and are webbed to keep them from spreading apart as they jump. Citroën also investigated in the early seventies the possibility to produce helicopters using the Wankel engines manufactured by its subsidiary Comotor. To facilitate quick movement, rabbit hind feet have a thick padding of fur to dampen the shock of rapid hopping. In 2004 and 2005, French driver Sébastien Loeb won the Driver's Championship driving the Citroën Xsara WRC. Rabbits move by hopping, using their long and powerful hind legs. Citroën is a major competitor in the World Rally Championship, winning the constructor title in 2003, 2004 and 2005. Rabbits have long ears, large hind legs, and short fluffy tails. The company's famous "double chevron" logo derives from André Citroën's early business in gear-cutting the company pioneered mass production of double helically-cut gear teeth, which mesh together in a chevron.

This is distinct from rodents, which have two each on the top and bottom. An old-fashioned nickname for Citroën cars is Citron (lemon, in French). As lagomorphs, they have four incisors on their top jaw and two on the bottom jaw, that grow continuously throughout their life. André Citroën's originally Dutch language family name was Citroen, meaning "lemon", as one of his grandfathers was a citrus seller ("limoenman") on Amsterdam's street markets. Rabbits vary in size and weight. C-Airplay Concept car (2005). A baby rabbit is called a kit, which is short for kitten. C-SportLounge Concept car (2005).

A male rabbit is called a buck, and a female is called a doe. C-Airlounge Concept car (2003). Rabbits are distinguished from the related hares in that they are altricial, having young that are born blind and hairless; many also live underground in burrows. C-Airdream Concept car (2002). . C-Crosser Concept car (2001). There are many other species of rabbit, and these, along with cottontails, pikas and hares make up the Order Lagomorpha. Pluriel Concept car (1999).

There are seven different genera in the family classified as rabbits, including the European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), cottontail rabbits (genus Sylvilagus; 13 species), and the Amami Rabbit (Pentalagus furnessi, an endangered species on Amami Oshima, Japan). Osée Pininfarina Concept car. They are sometimes affectionately known as bunnies, especially by children. C6 Lignage Concept car (1999). Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae, found in many parts of the world. C3 Lumière Concept car (1998). 3 other genera in family, regarded as hares, not rabbits. Tulip (1995).

Central African Rabbit, Poelagus marjorita. Osmose Concept car. Genus Poelagus

    . Xanae Concept car 1994. European Rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus. Citella (1992). Genus Oryctolagus
      . Activa II (1990).

      Tres Marias Rabbit, Sylvilagus graysoni. Activa (1988). Mexican Cottontail, Sylvilagus cunicularis. Zabrus Bertone Concept car (1986). Omilteme Cottontail, Sylvilagus insonus. Eole Concept car (1986). Desert Cottontail, Sylvilagus audubonii. Eco 2000 (1984).

      Mountain Cottontail, Sylvilagus nuttallii. Xenia (1981). New England Cottontail, Sylvilagus transitionalis. Karin (1980). Eastern Cottontail, Sylvilagus floridanus. C44 (1980). Marsh Rabbit, Sylvilagus palustris. Prototype Y.

      Swamp Rabbit, Sylvilagus aquaticus. 2CV Pop (1973). San Jose Brush Rabbit, Sylvilagus mansuetus. GS Camargue (1972). Brush Rabbit, Sylvilagus bachmani. Mini-Zup (1972). Dice's Cottontail, Sylvilagus dicei. Project F.

      Forest Rabbit, Sylvilagus brasiliensis. C-60. Genus Sylvilagus

        . Prototype C or Coccinelle. Pygmy Rabbit, Brachylagus idahoensis. G Van. Genus Brachylagus
          . Citroën Traction Avant 22CV.

          Volcano Rabbit, Romerolagus diazi. 350 to 850 aka Belphegor. Genus Romerolagus

            . U23. Annamite Rabbit, Nesolagus timminsi. P46. Sumatra Short-Eared Rabbit, Nesolagus netscheri. P45 (1934-1953).

            Genus Nesolagus

              . ZX (1991-1997). Bushman Rabbit, Bunolagus monticularis. Xsara (1997- ). Genus Bunolagus
                . Xantia (1993-2001). Amami Rabbit/Ryukyu Rabbit, Pentalagus furnessi. XM (1989-2000).

                Genus Pentalagus

                  . Visa (1978-1988). Family Leporidae
                    . Type C C4-C6 (1928-1934). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20014704&dopt=Citation. Type C C2-C3 (1922-1926). http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/852647.stm. Type B (1921-1928).

                    http://www.advance.uconn.edu/1997/970214/02149707.htm. Type A (1919-1921). TUB (1939-1941). Traction Avant (1934-1957). SM (1970-1975).

                    Saxo (1995-2003 ). Méhari (1968-1987). M35 (1970-1971). LNA (1978-1986).

                    LN (1976-1979). Jumper (1994- ). Jumpy (1995- ). H Van (1947-1981).

                    GS and GSA (1970-1984). FAF. Evasion (1994-2002). Elysée ZX derivative for the Chinese market.

                    DS/ID (1955-1975). Dyane (1967-1984). C35 (1974-1992). C25 (1981-1993).

                    C15 (1984-2005). C8 (2002- ). C7 (2007- ). C6 (2005- ).

                    C5 (2001- ). C4 (2004- ). C3 (2003- ). C2 (2004- ).

                    C1 (2005- ). CX (1974-1989). BX (1982-1994). Berlingo (1996- ).

                    AX (1986-1998). Axel (1984-1988). Ami Super (1973-1976). Ami 8 (1969-1979).

                    Ami 6 (1961-1971). Acadiane (1978-1987). 10CV. 8CV Rosalie (1932-1935).

                    2CV (1948-1990).