Qantas

See article Qantas Club. Some famous Egyptians include:. Since that time, new fleet have been given names from a specific theme:. To bolster its media industry, especially with the keen competition from the Persian Gulf states and Lebanon, it has built a large media city that it has promoted as the "Hollywood of the East." Egypt is the only Arab country with an opera house. This aircraft was named Iris, by the Wife of the Governor General of the time. Though considered a low-income country, Egypt has a thriving media and arts industry, with more than 30 satellite channels and more than 100 motion pictures produced each year. Naming of Qantas' fleet has occured since the arrival of the first DH50. Egypt also has a strong Christian heritage as evidenced by the existence of the Coptic Orthodox Church headed by the Patriarch of Alexandria, which has a following of approximately 50 million Christians worldwide (one of the famous Coptic Orthodox Churches is Saint Takla Haimanot Church in Alexandria http://www.St-Takla.org).

Although Qantas chose neither the Boeing 777 or Airbus 340, it is rumored that Qantas is still looking into buying planes from one of these two manufacturers for the LHR-SYD/SYD-LHR non-stop route. The head of Al-Azhar is traditionally regarded as the supreme leader of Sunni Muslims all over the world. In the meantime, Qantas will use its A330 on international routes to Asia. Al-Azhar University (Arabic: جامعة الأزهر ) is the oldest Islamic institution for higher studies (founded around 970 CE), with its corresponding mosque Al-Azhar. Delivery of the 787 will start in 2008, with the 787-900 coming in 2011. Egypt also hosts two major religious institutions. Qantas will use the Boeing 787 to cut travel time to Asia to less than 10 hours. The Egyptian Academy of the Arabic Language is responsible for regulating the Arabic Language (Arabic:اللغة العربية ) throughout the world.

This annoucement came after a long battle between Boeing and Airbus to meet the airline's needs for fleet renewal and future routes. Egypt's capital city, Cairo, is Africa's largest city and has been renowned for centuries as a center of learning, culture and commerce. On December 14, 2005, Qantas announced an order for 65 Boeing 787s with purchase rights on 50 more, with some going to JetStar. An oasis is a fertile or green area in the midst of a desert. The interior design for the A380 aircraft is expected to feature new seat design, special lounge areas, AVOD, internet capability, and larger entertainment screens. Oases include: Bahariya Oasis, Dakhleh Oasis, Farafra Oasis, Kharga Oasis, Siwa Oasis. Qantas will also make aviation history by operating the longest 500-passenger service in the world, flying between Melbourne and Los Angeles (12,749 km). These deserts were referred to as the "red land" in ancient Egypt, and they protected the Kingdom of the Pharaohs from harm.

Qantas intends to place the first 4 aircraft on trans-Pacific routes from Melbourne and Sydney to Los Angeles and later aircraft on services between Australia and London via Bangkok, Hong Kong, and Singapore (ref: Airliner World, March 2005). Deserts: Egypt includes parts of the Sahara Desert and of the Libyan Desert. The aircraft will be operated in a three class, 501 seat configuration on international services. Towns and cities include Alexandria, one of the great ancient cities, Aswan, Asyut, Cairo, the modern Egyptian capital, El-Mahalla El-Kubra, Giza, the site of the Pyramid of Khufu, Hurghada, Luxor, Kom Ombo, Port Safaga, Port Said, Sharm el Sheikh, Shubra-El-Khema, Suez, where the Suez Canal is located, Zagazig, and Al-Minya. It will be the second airline (after launch customer Singapore Airlines) to receive an A380 and will take delivery of its first aircraft in April 2007. Egypt's important role in geopolitics stems from its strategic position: a transcontinental nation, it possesses a land bridge (the Isthmus of Suez) between Africa and Asia, which in turn is traversed by a navigable waterway (the Suez Canal) that connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Indian Ocean via the Red Sea. Qantas has placed an order for 12 Airbus A380-800, with options for 10 more. Egypt is bordered by Libya on the west, Sudan on the south, and on Israel on the northeast.

The QantasLink fleet consists of the following aircraft (at October 2005):. Egypt also has a strong Christian heritage as it is the home of the Coptic Orthodox Church headed by the Patriarch of Alexandria, which has a following of approximately 50 million Christians worldwide. The Qantas fleet consists of the following aircraft (at December 2005):. Al-Azhar University is the oldest Islamic institution for higher studies (founded around 970 CE), with its corresponding mosque Al-Azhar. See full article: Qantas destinations. The department supports Sunni Islam and has commissions authorised to give Fatwa judgements on Islamic issues.

Egypt also hosts two major religious institutions. [3]. Imams are trained in Imam vocational schools and at Al-Azhar University.

No passengers were injured in the incident. Al-Awkaf controls all mosques and Muslim clerics. United released a statement saying its flight 840 from Melbourne to Los Angeles "reported a wingtip touch with a Qantas aircraft as it taxied". Christians represent about 6% of the population, primarily the Coptic denomination, though other Christian groups are present, including standard Roman Catholics, Greek Orthodox, and Armenian Orthodox, in Alexandria and Cairo, whose adherents are mainly descendants of Italian, Greek, and Armenian immigrants.
There are also some few, small Jewish communities that are numbered as few as 300 Egyptians.

There are also many who consider themselves as atheists, agnostics, and skeptics, although their numbers can not be identified.

The mainstream Hanafi school of Sunni Islam is largely organised by the state, through Wizaret Al-Awkaf (Ministry of Religious Affairs). On 2 February 2006, a Qantas Boeing 767, carrying 155 passengers and 11 crew, and a United Airlines 747, carrying 99 passengers and 14 crew, were involved in a wing clipping incident while on the runway of Melbourne's Tullamarine International Airport. Egypt is predominantly Muslim, covering about 94% of the population, most belong to the Sunni branch of Islam. The aircraft was only 15 months old at the time of the incident. According to the constitution, any new legislation must implicitly agree with Islamic (Arabic: الإسلام) laws.

Subsequent investigation found no sign of smoke or fire, and it is believed that the cargo fire sensors were faulty. Several important Jewish archeological and historical sites also remain. 9 passengers were injured and hospitalised. The once-vibrant Jewish community in Egypt has virtually disappeared, with only a small number remaining in Egypt and those who visit on religious occasions. The Osaka Control Tower reported seeing smoke on landing, so an emergency evacuation was declared as a precaution and emergency slides were deployed. Egypt also hosts some 90,000 refugees and asylum seekers, made up mostly of 70,000 Palestinian refugees and 20,000 Sudanese refugees. The aircraft made an emergency landing at Kansai Airport in Osaka, Japan after an indication of smoke in the cargo hold. Ethnic minorities include a small number of Bedouin Arab nomads in the Sinai and eastern and western deserts, as well as some Nubians clustered along the Nile in Upper (southern) Egypt who are estimated to be about 0.8% of the population.

On 21 August 2005, an incident occurred involving Qantas Airbus A330-300 VH-QPE with 178 passengers and 13 crew aboard. The Egyptian people have spoken only languages from the Afro-Asiatic family (previously known as Hamito-Semitic) throughout their history starting with Old Egyptian to modern Egyptian Arabic. It also returned to service after repairs. The bulk of modern Egyptian society still maintains a homogenous genetic tie to ancient Egyptian society, which has always been rural and quite populous compared to neighboring countries. The following year 747-300 VH-EBW was damaged when its landing gear collapsed while taxiing at Rome. North African and Eastern Mediterranean influences are more predominant in the north, while the south which bears the same influences is also home to people who are related to Nubians and Africans further southeast such as Ethiopians. [2] Repairs to the nine-year-old aircraft were undertaken in China by TAECO at a cost in excess of A$100 million and it was suggested at the time that this expense was solely to avoid a hull-loss being recorded, a claim Qantas denied. The Egyptians are a fairly homogeneous people.

[1] There were no fatalities; however, the Australian Transport Safety Bureau criticised numerous inadequacies in Qantas' operational and training processes. Approximately 90% of the population adheres to Islam and most of the remainder to Christianity (primarily the Coptic denomination). Qantas' record in the jet era was spotless until Boeing 747-400 VH-OJH over-ran the runway by 220 metres while landing in a rainstorm at Bangkok in 1999. Nearly all the population is concentrated along the banks of the Nile, notably Alexandria and Cairo, and in the Delta and near the Suez Canal. Other fatal accidents occurred in 1927, 1934, 1942, 1943 (×2), and 1944. Egypt is the second most populous country in Africa, at about 77,500,000 people. One was on 16 July 1951, when De Havilland Drover VH-EBQ crashed in New Guinea after an engine failure, killing all seven passengers and crew. In its annual report, the IMF has rated Egypt as one of the top countries in the world undertaking economic reforms.

Prior to the jet era, Qantas had fatal crashes. Economic conditions are starting to improve considerably after a period of stagnation due to the adoption of more liberal economic policies by the government, as well as increased revenues from tourism and a booming stock market. However, the company's official line is that it has never lost a "jet" aircraft. Egypt is the third-largest recipient of such funds from the United States following the Iraq war. It is often claimed, most notably in the 1988 movie Rain Man, that Qantas has never had a fatal crash. foreign aid (since 1979, an average of 2.2 billion dollars per year). There are also plans to increase services to India, by making the current three times weekly service to Mumbai (Bombay) into a daily return flight. The government has struggled to prepare the economy for the new millennium through economic reform and massive investment in communications and physical infrastructure, much financed from U.S.

On 30 November 2005 Qantas annouced that services to New York would go from 3 per week to 5 per week from 27 February 2006. A rapidly-growing population (the largest in the Arab world), limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress society. Also in mid-2005 Qantas annouced it would increase services to Shanghai and Johannesburg. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. In mid-2005 Qantas announced it would recommence services to Beijing, Seoul, Vancouver and San Francisco. The United States as well has a large population of Egyptian immigrants. The first of the 787s are scheduled to be delivered to Jetstar in August 2008. Egypt's economy depends mainly on agriculture, media, petroleum exports, and tourism; there are also more than 5 million Egyptians working abroad, mainly in Saudi Arabia, the Gulf area like UAE, and Europe.

Jetstar, Qantas' low-cost subsidiary, will also operate 10 of the new aircraft on international routes. It has a territorial dispute with Sudan over the Hala'ib Triangle. The aircraft will allow Qantas to replace their current 767-300 fleet, increase capacity and establish new routes. Egypt is on good terms with all of its neighbours, and was the first Arab nation to make peace with Israel. The 787 was chosen after a very competitive selection process in which it competed directly with the Airbus A350. Egyptian Deputy Prime Minister Boutros Boutros-Ghali served as Secretary General of the United Nations from 1991 to 1996. On 14 December 2005, Qantas announced an order for 115 Boeing 787-8 and 787-9 aircraft (45 firm orders, 20 options and 50 purchase rights). Former Egyptian Foreign Minister Amr Moussa is the present Secretary General of the Arab League.

In 2005, the first visit of an Airbus A380 to Australia coincided with Qantas's 85th birthday. The Secretary General of the League has traditionally been an Egyptian. Qantas is responsible for some of the most successful marketing campaigns in Australian history, with many advertising campaigns featuring renditions by children's choirs of Peter Allen's "I Still Call Australia Home," set to footage of breathtaking scenery. The League of Arab States headquarters is in Cairo. Commentators believe the sale, and resultant greater Australian ownership, will free up hurdles for Qantas to expand into Asia. Cairo has been a crossroads of Arab commerce and culture for millennia, and its intellectual and Islamic institutions are at the center of the region's social and cultural development. By law, Qantas must be at least 51% Australian-owned, and the British Airways holding had brought foreign ownership to the maximum permissible level. Geography, population, history, military strength, and diplomatic expertise give Egypt extensive political influence in the Middle East.

British Airways' original 25% share had been diluted to 18.5% by the issue of more shares. Egypt is divided into 26 governorates (Muhafazat; singular – Muhafazah)& the city of Al Uqsur|al-Uqsur]] (Luxor), which is classified as a city rather than a governorate. In September 2004, British Airways disposed of its share in Qantas, expected to amount to A$1.1bn. Egypt continues to contribute regularly to United Nations peacekeeping missions, most recently in East Timor, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. In 1993, British Airways bought a 25 % share in Qantas for A$665m. Egypt takes part regularly in military exercises with the US and other European and Arab allies, including the manoeuvres that take place in Egypt every two years. In 2003, Qantas attempted and failed to obtain regulatory approval to purchase a larger (but still minority) stake in Air New Zealand. Bilateral exercises and mutual training are carried out regularly, and, according to one US source, reflect the high level of professionalism and the growing excellence of the fighting men and women in the various branches of the Egyptian armed forces.

It now wholy owns and operates JetConnect which operates NZ domestic services under the Qantas brand. Nothing could furnish clearer proof of this than the high degree of transparency surrounding all aspects of Egyptian-US military cooperation. Qantas has attempted to expand into the New Zealand domestic air travel market, first with a shareholding in Air New Zealand and then by a franchise takeover of Ansett New Zealand. While military cooperation between the US and Egypt is close and diversified, this does not constitute a form of military alliance. Qantas is already the second-largest airline operating out of Singapore Changi Airport, while Singapore Airlines is the second-largest operator of international flights into and out of Australia. Military cooperation between the two countries covers a number of strategic areas, including cooperation in the ongoing process of modernising Egyptian armaments and training the Egyptian armed forces. On 13 December 2004, the first flight of Jetstar Asia Airways took off from its Singapore hub to Hong Kong, marking Qantas' entry into the Asian cut-price market, and its intentions in battling key competitor Singapore Airlines on its home ground. Military relations between Egypt and the US are strong.

Prior to Jetstar, Qantas had also developed a full-service all economy international carrier focussed on the holiday and leisure market, which has taken on the formerly used Australian Airlines name. The length of the service depends on the level of education achieved by the conscripted. Qantas hopes that this move will "crowd out" the cut-price segment of the market, allowing Qantas to remain the superdominant player in the Australian domestic aviation market and one of the few profitable full-service airlines in the world. Full-time students may defer their service until the age of 28. The introduction of Virgin Blue, a cut-price competitor, has eaten into this market share somewhat, and Qantas has responded by creating a new cut-price subsidiary airline Jetstar. Conscription is compulsory for Egyptian men of 18 years of age. After September 2001 and the collapse of Ansett Airlines, Qantas held a near-monopoly on the Australian domestic air travel market. The Commander of the Air Defence Forces is Major General Abd El Aziz Seif.

Over the years, several domestic Australian airlines have gone out of business amid complaints of anti-competitive pricing by Qantas and exorbitant prices on new non-competed routes. Gen.) Magdy Galal Sharawi. Qantas has a reputation for being an aggressive competitor in the Australian aviation market. The Commander of the Air Forces is Air Marshal (Lt. It also flies many international routes to and from Australia. The Commander of the Navy is Vice Admiral Tamer Abd El Aleem Mohamed Ismail. Since the merger with Australian Airlines in 1993, Qantas has flown an extensive schedule between all Australian capital cities, as well as many regional cities and towns. Sami Hafez Enan.

The airline ceased operations in 1996. Gen. Several Boeing 747SP and 767 aircraft were transferred from Qantas service. The Chief of Staff is Lt. In 1990, Qantas established Australia Asia Airlines to operate services to Taiwan. The Commander-in-Chief and commander of the army is Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, Minister Of Defense and Military Production. Qantas was privatised in 1995 by Prime Minister Keating's labor government. During peacetime, the title of Supreme Commander is ceremonial.

Many of these routes were dropped in the 1970s following the airline slump after wide-body aircraft were introduced. The Supreme Commander is Hosni Mubarak, wartime Field Marshal of the army, admiral of the navy, Chief Air Marshal (Colonel General) of the Air Forces and Air Defence Forces. By the 1960s, Qantas was operating round-the-world services from Australia to London via Asia and the Middle East and via the USA and Mexico. The Egyptian Armed forces, has a combined troop strength of 450,000 active personnel. The network was expanded across the Pacific in 1954 when Qantas took over the operations of British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines (BCPA). Its inventory includes F-16s, Mirage 2000 aircraft, MiG-29 fighters, Apache helicopters, M1 Abrams Tanks and medium-long range missiles. In 1948, the airline took delivery of Lockheed L.049 Constellations. The Egyptian Armed Forces also ranks among the most battle-trained armed forces in the region.

Immediately after World War II, Qantas began operating Avro Lancastrian aircraft between Sydney and London in cooperation with British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC). The Egyptian military is the strongest military power on the African continent, and the second largest in the Middle East, the largest being that of Israel - (Source: Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies' annual Middle East Strategic Balance). Subsequent conservative governments maintained this arrangement. The Coast Guard and Border Guard operate as subordinates to the Navy and Army Command respectively. In 1967, the name was changed to Qantas Airways Limited. The Egyptian Armed Forces (Arabic: القوات المسلحة المصرية) consists of the Army, Air Force, Navy and Air Defense. It remained an unlisted public company with the government holding 100 % of the shares. Most Arab nations still give credence to Egypt playing that role, though its effects are often limited.

After World War II, QEA Limited was in dire financial straits and was taken over by the Australian labor government led by Prime Minister Ben Chifley. Egypt has a major influence amongst other Arab states, and has historically played an important role as a mediator in resolving disputes between various Arab nations, and in the Israeli-Palestinian dispute. The flights operated in complete radio silence and took more than twenty-four hours. Egypt was the first Arab state to establish diplomatic relations with the State of Israel, after the signing of the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty at the Camp David Accords. QEA operated a non-stop flying boat service between Perth, Western Australia and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in 1943-44. The permanent headquarters for the League of Arab States (The Arab League) is located in Cairo. Most of the QEA fleet was taken over by the Australian government for war service between 1939 and 1945, and most of these aircraft were lost in action. Newspapers, however, have exhibited an increasing degree of freedom in criticizing the president, and the results of the recent parliamentary elections, which saw Islamist parties such as the banned Muslim Brotherhood winning many seats, genuinely indicate that a change of some sorts is underway.

The Sydney to Southampton service took nine days, with passengers staying in hotels overnight. A very small proportion of those eligible to vote actually turned out for the 2005 elections. In 1938, this operation was replaced by a flying boat service using Shorts S.23 Empire Flying Boats. As a result, most Egyptians are skeptical about the process of democratisation and the role of the elections. Imperial Airways operated the rest of the service through to London. This poses major questions about the government's purported commitment to democracy. Qantas Empire Airways commenced services between Brisbane and Singapore using deHavilland DH-86 Commonwealth Airliners. In addition, violence by pro-Mubarak supporters against opposition demonstrators and police brutality were evident during the elections.

Each partner held 49 %, with two per cent in the hands of an independent arbitrator. Concerns were once again expressed after the 2005 elections about government interference in the election process through fraud and vote-rigging. In 1934, QANTAS Limited and Britain's Imperial Airways (the forerunner of British Airways) formed a new company, Qantas Empire Airways Limited. The President said his initiative came "out of my full conviction of the need to consolidate efforts for more freedom and democracy." However, the new law placed draconian restrictions on the filing for presidential candidacies, designed to prevent well-known candidates such as Ayman Nour from standing against Mubarak, and paved the road for his easy re-election victory. It operated air mail services subsidized by the Australian government, linking railheads in western Queensland. For the first time since the 1952 movement, the Egyptian people had an apparent chance to elect a leader from a list of various candidates. Qantas was founded in Queensland on 16 November 1920 as Queensland and Northern Territorial Aerial Services Limited. In late-February 2005, Mubarak announced in a surprise television broadcast that he had ordered the reform of the country's presidential election law, paving the way for multi-candidate polls in the upcoming presidential election.

. The last presidential election, in which Mubarak won a sixth consecutive term, was held in September 2005 (see below). Qantas was formerly an acronym for the "Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services." The company is traded on the Australian Stock Exchange as "QAN.". Egypt also holds regular multi-party parliamentary elections. Qantas is the third oldest airline in the world after KLM, the national airline of the Netherlands, and Avianca from Colombia. Although power is ostensibly organised under a multi-party semi-presidential system, whereby the executive power is theoretically divided between the President and the Prime Minister, in practice it rests almost soley with the President who has traditionally been elected in single-candidate elections for more than fifty years. "Qantas" (IATA: QF, ICAO: QFA, and Callsign: Qantas) is the name and callsign of the oldest and largest airline of Australia. Egypt is regarded by many as being ruled by a military dictatorship.

He is also qualified for flying the Boeing 747-400 as a First Officer - he commenced and completed his training with Qantas. Atef Ebeid from his office. Actor John Travolta personally owns and flies an ex-Qantas Boeing 707 painted in the Qantas livery of the 1960's. Ahmed Nazif was sworn in as Prime Minister on 9 July 2004, following the resignation of Dr. Its first international destination was to Singapore. Prime Minister Dr. British Airways used these designs on their tailfins as part of their 1997 "ethnic art" relaunch. He is the leader of the ruling National Democratic Party.

All three carry striking, colourful liveries, designed by Australian Aborigines. Mubarak is currently serving his sixth term in office. Qantas has three planes painted in Australian Aboriginal art liveries: Wunala Dreaming (Boeing 747-438ER VH-OEJ), Nalanji Dreaming (Boeing 747-338 VH-EBU) and Yananyi Dreaming (Boeing 737-838 VH-VXB). President Mohamed Hosni Mubarak has been the President of the Republic since October 14, 1981, following the assassination of former-President Mohammed Anwar El-Sadat. In 1979 Qantas was the only airline in the world to operate a fleet consisting entirely of Boeing 747's. Egypt has been a republic since 18 June 1953. Qantas Boeing 707s were nicknamed V jets from the latin vannus meaning fan. Sadat was murdered by a religious fundamentalist in 1981, and succeeded by Hosni Mubarak.

The first Qantas Boeing 707 was delivered to the airline in Seattle on 26 June 1959. In 1979, Sadat made peace with Israel in exchange for the Sinai, a move that sparked enormous controversy in the Arab world and led to Egypt's expulsion from the Arab League (it was readmitted in 1989). In 1928 a chartered Qantas aircraft conducted the inaugural flight of the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, departing from Cloncurry. Both the United States and the USSR intervened, and a cease-fire was reached between Egypt and Israel. In the 1920s Qantas built a number of aircraft (De Havilland DH50s and a single DH9) under licence in its Longreach hangar. In 1973, Egypt, along with Syria, launched a surprise attack on Israel in the October War (known also as the Yom Kippur War), which, despite not being a complete military success, was by most accounts a political victory. Cruising speed was 105 kilometres per hour (65 mph), carrying 1 pilot and 2 passengers. Egypt's name was also restored.

The first aircraft owned by Qantas was Avro 504K G-AUBG, purchased for £1425. Sadat switched Egypt's Cold War allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States, expelling Soviet advisors in 1972, and launched the Infitah economic reform, while violently clamping down on religious and secular opposition alike. 2006/7 (Airbus A380) - First A380 will be named Nancy Bird Walton, remainder as yet are un-named however will be themed on Australian Aviation Pioneers. Three years after the 1967 Six Day War, in which Egypt lost the Sinai to Israel, Nasser died and was succeeded by Anwar Sadat, who presented his takeover in terms of a Corrective Revolution. 2002 - Re-establishment of naming practice of fleet after Towns & Cities of Australia, celebrating Qantas' coverage of Australia. This attempt too was met with mixed reactions, and it was clear that many Egyptians resented finding that the name of their country, which had endured for thousands of years, was suddenly eliminated. 1980s - Wildlife (Bellbird, Lorikeet and Kestrel). Between 1958 and 1961, Nasser undertook to form a union between Egypt and Syria known as the United Arab Republic.

1980s - Inspirational Names (Daring, Integrity, Resolute). Nasser came out of the war an Arab hero, and Nasserism won widespread influence in the region though was met with mixed reactions amongst Egyptians, many of whom had previously been indifferent to Arab nationalism.  ???? (Flying Boats) - Capella, Carpentaria, Challenger, Champion, Calypso and Camilla. After Naguib was also forced to resign in 1954 by Gamal Abdel Nasser, the real architect of the 1952 movement, the latter assumed power as President and nationalized the Suez Canal leading to the 1956 Suez Crisis. 1929 (DH61 Aircraft) - Grecian Theme (Apollo, Diana, Hermes and Athena). Finally, the Egyptian Republic was declared on 18 June 1953 with General Muhammad Naguib as the first President of the Republic. 34 Dash 8 (further 7 on order). However, in 1952 a military coup d'état forced King Farouk I, a constitutional monarch, to abdicate in support of his son King Ahmed Fouad II.

5 BAe 146. Between 1924-1936 there existed a short-lived but successful attempt to model Egypt's constitutional government after the European style of government; known as Egypt's Liberal Experiment. 5 Boeing 717-200 (further 4 on order). Almost fully independent from the UK in 1922, the Egyptian Parliament drafted and implemented a new constitution in 1923 under the leadership of the popular revolutionary Saad Zaghlul. 35 Boeing 787s (on order). Ostensibly to protect its investments, Britain seized control of Egypt's government in 1882, but nominal allegiance to the Ottoman Empire continued until 1914. 24 Boeing 767-300ER (comprising 17 Boeing 767-338ER and 7 Boeing 767-336ER). Following the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869, Egypt became an important world transportation hub; however, the country also fell heavily into debt.

30 Boeing 747-400 (comprising 21 Boeing 747-438, 6 Boeing 747-438ER, 2 Boeing 747-4H6 and 1 Boeing 747-48E). A local military caste, the Mamluks took control about 1250 and continued to govern even after the conquest of Egypt by the Ottoman Turks in 1517. 6 Boeing 747-338. Muslim rulers nominated by the Islamic Caliphate remained in control of Egypt for the next six centuries. 29 Boeing 737-838 (further 4 on order). It was the Muslim Arabs who introduced Islam and the Arabic language in the seventh century to the Egyptians, who gradually adopted both. 20 Boeing 737-400 (comprising 19 Boeing 737-476 and 1 Boeing 737-4L7). Later, Egypt fell to the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and Persians again.

10 Airbus A330-303. The last native dynasty, known as the Thirtieth Dynasty, fell to the Persians in 341 BC who dug the predecessor of the Suez canal and connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. 4 Airbus A330-201. A unified kingdom was founded circa 3200 BC by King Narmer, and a series of dynasties ruled in Egypt for the next three millennia. The regularity and richness of the annual Nile River flood, coupled with semi-isolation provided by deserts to the east and west, allowed for the development of one of the world's great civilizations. For details see the article Copt.

This word may in turn be derived from the ancient Egyptian phrase ḥwt-k3-ptḥ ("Hwt ka Ptah") meaning "home of the Ka (part of the soul) of Ptah," the name of a temple of the god Ptah at Memphis. The English name "Egypt" came via the Latin word Aegyptus derived from the ancient Greek word Αίγυπτος Aiguptos (see also List of traditional Greek place names). This name became keme in a later stage of Coptic. Misr, the Arabic and official name for modern Egypt, is of Semitic origin directly cognate with the Hebrew מִצְרַיִם Mitzráyim meaning "the two straits", and possibly means "a country" or "a state." The ancient name for the country, kemet, or "black land," is derived from the fertile black soils deposited by the Nile floods, distinct from the 'red land' (deshret) of the desert.

. Today, Egypt is widely regarded as the main political and cultural centre of the Arab and Middle Eastern regions. Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization and some of the world's most stunning ancient monuments, including the Giza Pyramids, the Karnak Temple and the Valley of the Kings; the southern city of Luxor contains a particularly large number of ancient artifacts. About half of the Egyptian people today are urban, living in the densely populated centers of greater Cairo, the largest city in Africa, and Alexandria.

Large areas of land are part of the Sahara Desert and are sparsely inhabited. The vast majority of its 77 million population (2005) live near the banks of the Nile River (about 40,000 km²), where the only arable agricultural land is found. Egypt is the fifteenth most populous country in the world. Covering an area of about 1,020,000 km², Egypt shares land borders with Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, and Israel and the Gaza Strip to the northeast and has coasts on the north and east by the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, respectively.

While most of the country is geographically located in Africa, the Sinai Peninsula east of the Suez Canal is in Asia. The Arab Republic of Egypt, commonly known as Egypt, (in Arabic: مصر, romanized Misr, in Egyptian Arabic Másr, listen (help·info)), is a republic in North Africa. Anwar Sadat (former president and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize). Mohamed ElBaradei (Head of the International Atomic Energy Agency and Winner of the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize).

Ahmed Zewail (Nobel Prize-winning chemist). Omar Sharif (actor). Umm Kulthum (singer). Naguib Mahfouz (Nobel Prize-winning novelist).

Boutros Boutros-Ghali (former Secretary General of the United Nations). Gamal Abdel Nasser (former president). Saad Zaghlul (leader of first modern Egyptian revolution).