Monkey

The next time that the monkey will appear as the zodiac sign will be in the year 2016. See also Circus (performing art). The Monkey is the ninth in the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar. In America a smaller or non-permanent funfair is called a carnival in contrast to the permanent amusement park. Terry Pratchett makes use of this trait in his Discworld novels, in which the Librarian of the Unseen University is an orangutan who gets very violent if referred to as a monkey. Many carnivals also have an associated funfair (or fun fair) with a number of amusement rides and sidestalls. However, pop culture often incorrectly labels apes, particularly chimpanzees, gibbons, and gorillas, as monkeys. The Carnival of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria[3] is one of the most typical and famous parties of the city, and is not only well known in Spain, but also has a worldwide fame.

The television series Monkey, the literary characters Monsieur Eek and Curious George are all examples. Other places famous for their carnivals are Cádiz and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, the capital city of Gran Canaria, one of the Canary Islands. Monkeys are prevalent in numerous books, television programs, and movies. Called the Sardine's Funeral Parade it marks the end of the period when it is mandatory to eat fish and vegetables only. Calling either a simian is correct. When Lent ends, the Saturday following Holy Week is celebrated in a festival in Murcia, Spain. Calling apes monkeys is incorrect. The Polish Carnival Season includes Fat Thursday (Polish: Tłusty Czwartek) - a day for eating pączki - and Śledziówka (Shrove Tuesday), or Herring Day (herring is a traditional Polish appetizer for drinking vodka).

Note that the smallest grouping that contains them all is the Simiiformes, the simians, which also contains the apes. In Poland the traditional way of celebrating the Carnival is kulig, a horse-drawn sleigh ride through the snow-covered countryside. The following lists shows where the various monkey families (bolded) are placed in the Primate classification. Carnival starts on February 2nd and ends on Fat Tuesday, the day before Ash Wednesday. Viktor Reinhardt, a former research veterinarian, wrote for the International Primate Protection League that: "the conditions I witnessed were so depressing that most monkeys had developed stereotypic behaviors such as pacing, rocking, bouncing, somersaulting, swaying from side to side, biting parts of their own bodies, pulling their ears, tossing their heads back and forth, or smearing feces on the cage walls." [3] [4] (mpg). It was not until a modern mask shop was founded in the 1970s that a revival of old traditions began. Use of monkeys in laboratories is highly controversial with polarizing views. The Austrians took control of the city on January 18, 1798 and it fell into a decline which also effectively brought carnival celebrations to a halt for many years.

Highly sociable animals, monkeys are kept in many different environments. In 1797 Venice became part of the Austrian-held Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia when Napoleon signed the Treaty of Campo Formio. In the United States, around 50,000 non-human primates, most of them monkeys, have been used in experiments every year since 1973 [2] (pdf); 10,000 monkeys were used in the European Union in 2004. Maskmakers (mascareri) enjoyed a special position in society, with their own laws and their own guild. Macaques and African green monkeys are widely used in animal testing facilities because of their relative ease of handling and their psychological and physical similarity to humans. As masks were also allowed during Ascension and from October 5 to Christmas, people could spend a large proportion of the year in disguise [2]. Permits may be issued to those who qualify in the caring of monkeys. Stephen's Day, December 26) at the start of the carnival season and midnight of Shrove Tuesday.

Their legal status as pets varies in other countries. Masks have always been a central feature of the Venetian carnival; traditionally people were allowed to wear them between the festival of Santo Stefano (St. it is illegal to keep monkeys in the home; even in places where they are legal, a Department of Agriculture permit is usually required. The subversive nature of the festival is reflected in the many laws created over the centuries in Italy attempting to restrict celebrations and often banning the wearing of masks. In most large metropolitan areas in the U.S. The carnival in Venice was first recorded in 1268. Some monkeys may even have special needs such as diets. In La Ceiba in Honduras carnival is held on the third Saturday of every May to commemorate San Isidro, and is the largest in Central America.

It becomes very costly when it comes to buying food and housing them. The Krabbegatse Carnival shares very little traditions and folklore with the rest of the Netherlands and they have celebrated it in their specific way ever since in 1882 the first official Federation for Carnaval (De Sitchting Vastenavend) was erected, long before the Carnival was modernised and adopted in the rest of The Netherlands. It is not cheap to bring up a monkey. The third variant can be found in Bergen op Zoom, or Krabbegat as they call it during the festivities. It might be bad for the monkey to place them in non-social areas which could lead to problems. Maastricht is famous for its Carnival which mimics Italian, mostly Venician, traditions, culture and costumes. Monkeys need to be placed in social areas. The most well-known variant is known as the Rijnlandsche Carnival and it shares many folklore traditions with its German and Belgium counterparts.

It is not easy for a monkey to get used to their new environment. Overall there are three different types of Carnival celebrated in The Netherlands. Monkeys are known to get attached to their first owner so switching from one to another would not be a good idea. During Dutch Carnival, many traditions are kept alive, like the boerenbruiloft (farmer's wedding) and the haring happen (eating haring) at Ash Wednesday but the traditions vary from town to town. While a majority of monkey owners find other homes for them, such as zoos and monkey rescues, some people report having long and rewarding relationships with monkeys. During Vasteloavend (Carnival in the local dialect), every town is one big party. They can change from one minute to the next without warning making it hard for the owner to fully understand them. Although the west of Noord Brabant may have the oldest Carnival, it is the south of the most southern province of The Netherlands, Limburg, where many Dutch go to celebrate it.

The monkeys may also become aggressive even to their owners. Carnival here has been celebrated ever since the medieval times and was modernized after WW II, Bergen op Zoom even continued to celebrate it indoors. The nice looking monkey eventually has to grow up and may in most cases become wild and not easy to control. Most popular and even renowned places where Vastenavend is held (although every city, town or village celebrates it) are 's-Hertogenbosch, Bergen op Zoom and Breda. Any surgical means to stem this behavior (such as removing the teeth or fingertips of the monkey) is widely considered cruel, and it is usually difficult to find veterinarians who will treat them: even exotic-animal veterinarians may not be familiar with them. Here carnival is known as Vastenavend (literally "Fasting evening"). Most adolescent monkeys begin to bite unpredictably and pinch adults and children. Carnival in The Netherlands is the oldest in the west of the southern province Noord Brabant.

There needs to be a lot of time set aside for cleaning up whatever mess the monkey might make. In the Netherlands, the last day of Carnival (carnaval) is held exactly 40 days (not counting Sundays) before Easter, making the days of celebration vary between 4 January and 28 February. Bored monkeys can become extremely destructive and may even go so far as to smear or throw their own feces. Politicians often attend the event and are then shown on TV laughing when the joke is on them. Monkeys can not handle being away from their owners for long periods of time, such as family trips for example, due to their need of attention. The most famous event is the Villacher Fasching in Villach, Carinthia, which draws a TV audience of about 25% of the Austrian population every year. They usually require a large amount of attention. Other than in Germany, where similar events tend to be ritualistic and ceremonial (the German events, even though they were sometimes broadcoast on Austrian TV in the past, are increasingly considered boring by Austrians), the Austrian events focus on stand-up comedy and political satire.

They require constant supervision and mental stimulation. Third, in many towns and villages the local Faschingsgilden (Carnival Guilds) meet and offer their comedy programs to the public. While baby monkeys are usually as easy to keep clean as a human infant (by diapering), monkeys that have reached puberty usually remove their diapers and cannot be toilet trained. Second, January and February are the high season for ballroom dancing, with a large number of balls talking place especially in the Hofburg and other palaces in Vienna, including the famous Vienna Opera Ball. Although they may appear to be nice and friendly and can resemble human babies for some people, many people believe that monkeys should not be kept as, or seen as, pets. Children are often encouraged to come to school in their costume on the Faschingsdienstag (=Mardi Gras), and even some adults come to their workplace in a costume. It is rumoured that one such monkey washed up ashore and, being mistaken for a Frenchman, was hanged in Hartlepool, England this caused the people of Hartlepool to be nicknamed the monkey hangers. Such parties are often held in private homes.

In the Napoleonic Wars, the same practice is thought to have occurred. First, there are parties called Faschingsfest or Gschnas, where people dress up in funny costumes, similar to what Americans do at Halloween. Some were later kept in zoos, many modern captive monkeys in the UK are descended from such Victorian era monkeys. In Austria, Carnival is called Fasching and is generally celebrated in several types of events. When the British first began to explore Africa, young monkeys were often captured and taken back on board the ship to entertain sailors. Elsewhere the day is called "Women's Carnival" (Weiberfastnacht), being the day when tradition says that women take control. . In standard German, schmutzig means "dirty", but actually the name is from the local dialect where schmutzig means "fat"; "Greasy Thursday".

The word Moneke may have been derived from the Italian monna, which means "a female ape." The name Moneke persisted over time likely due to the popularity of Reynard the Fox. The festival starts on the Thursday before Ash Wednesday, known in these regions as Schmutziger Donnerstag or Fettdonnerstag. In this version of the fable, a character named Moneke is the son of Martin the Ape. Switzerland and Vorarlberg, in Austria, also hold this celebration. The name monkey may come from a German version of the Reynard the Fox fable, published in around 1580. Fastnacht is held in Baden-Württemberg, parts of Bavaria, and Alsace. To understand the monkeys, therefore, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the different groups individually. Variants are Fasnet, Fasnacht or Fasent.

Although both the New and Old World monkeys, like the apes, have forward facing eyes, the faces of Old World and New World monkeys look very different though again, each group shares some features such as the types of noses, cheeks and rumps. This celebration is known as Fastnacht (literally "Fasting Eve" as it originally only referred to the eve of the fasting season). Some characteristics are shared among the groups; most New World monkeys have prehensile tails while Old World monkeys do not; some have trichromatic colour vision like that of humans, others are dichromats or monochromats. The "Swabian-Alemannic" carnival only begins on January 6 (Epiphany/Three Kings Day). Some are arboreal (living in trees), some live on the savanna; diets differ among the various species but may contain any of the following: fruit, leaves, seeds, nuts, flowers, insects, spiders, eggs and small animals. Today all Carnival Clubs are assembled in the German Carnival Association. Monkeys range in size from the Pygmy Marmoset, at 10 cm (4 inch) long (plus tail) and 120 g (4 oz) in weight to the male Mandrill, almost 1 metre (3 ft) long and weighing 35 kg (75 lb). Modern carnival there began in 1823 with the founding of a Carnival Club in Cologne.

Because they are not a single coherent group, monkeys do not have any important characteristics that they all share and are not shared with the remaining group of simians, the apes. In the Rhineland as the most typical Carnival region, festivities developed especially strongly, since it was a way to express subversive anti-Prussian and anti-French thoughts in times of occupation, through parody and mockery. Also, a few monkey species have the word "ape" in their common name. and finishes on Ash Wednesday. Because of their similarity to monkeys, apes such as chimpanzees and gibbons are sometimes incorrectly called monkeys. Officially, the carnival season, which is also called the Fifth Season, begins each year on 11 November at 11:11 a.m. These two groupings are the New World and Old World monkeys of which together there are nearly 200 species. German Carnival parades are held on the weekend before and especially on Rosenmontag (Rose Monday), the day before Shrove Tuesday, and sometimes also on Shrove Tuesday in the suburbs of larger carnival cities.

A monkey is any member of two of the three groupings of simian primates. Although the festival and party season in Germany starts as early as the beginning of January, the actual carnival week starts on the Thursday before Ash Wednesday. The Problem with Pet Monkeys. In the South of Germany carnival is called Fasching and especially Munich developed a special kind of celebration. Inside the monkey house at Covance, shot undercover by the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection. Whilst these events are widespread in all big and smaller places of that area, only Cologne, Düsseldorf, Aachen, Mainz, Bonn are supposed to be carnival "strongholds". "The Impossible Housing and Handling Conditions of Monkeys in Research Laboratories", by Viktor Reinhardt, International Primate Protection League, August 2001. Germany, especially the western part (North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate) is famous for Karneval celebrations such as parades and costume balls.

Family Hominidae: humans and other great apes. Bigger carnivals will sometimes also include a funfair, fireworks display or food stalls such as a beer tent. Family Hylobatidae: gibbons ("lesser apes"). Circuits and Carnival Clubs (societies who build and run floats) put a lot of effort in to fundraising for the carnivals as well as charity, and to this end there are collectors with buckets walking in the procession, and in most places one or two floats used specially for collecting money, usually allowing the spectators to throw their contribution onto the float. Superfamily Hominoidea