Love

Even though in monotheistic religions, the God is considered to represent love, there are often angels or similar beings that represent love as well. However, mares produce a much lower yield of milk than do cows. Here is a list of the gods and goddesses of love in different mythologies. They may let it ferment to produce kumys. Different cultures have deified love, typically in both male and female form. Mare's milk is used by peoples with large horse-herds, such as the Mongols. Romantic love per se has few echoes in Jewish literature, although the medieval rabbi Judah Halevi wrote romantic poetry in Arabic in his younger years (he appears to have regretted this later). It is also commonly found in commercially produced pet food.

I). Although consumption by humans is considered abhorrent by some people in the United Kingdom, the US and Australia, it is eaten in many other parts of the world and is an export industry in the USA. The 20th-century rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler is frequently quoted as defining love from the Jewish point-of-view as "giving without expecting to take" (from his Michtav me-Eliyahu, vol. Horse meat has been used as food for animals and humans throughout the ages. The Biblical book Song of Songs is a considered a romantically-phrased metaphor of love between God and his people, but in its plain reading reads like a love song. See: Horse (Zodiac). As for love between marital partners, this is deemed an essential ingredient to life: "See life with the wife you love" (Ecclesiastes 9:9). According to Chinese folklore, each animal is associated with certain personality traits, and those born in the year of the horse are: intelligent, independent and free-spirited.

by contemplating Divine deeds or witnessing the marvels of nature. The horse features in the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar. Rabbinic literature differs how this love can be developed, e.g. However, several other explanations are equally plausible. As for the latter, one is commanded to love God "with all your heart, with all your soul and with all your might" (Deuteronomy 6:5), taken by the Mishnah (a central text of the Jewish oral law) to refer to good deeds, willingness to sacrifice one's life rather than commit certain serious transgressions, willingness to sacrifice all one's possessions and being grateful to the Lord despite adversity (tractate Berachoth 9:5). The common European practice and tradition of saddling and mounting the horse from the lefthand side is often said to originate from the need to avoid inadvertantly striking the horse with a carried sword in the process. As for the former, the Torah states: "Love your neighbor like yourself" (Leviticus 19:18). "Heavy" or draft horses such as Clydesdale, Draft, Percherons, and Shire horses weigh up to 2800lbs (about 907kg).

Judaism employs a wide definition of love, both between people and between man and the Deity. Light horses such as Arabians, Morgans, Quarter Horses, Paints and Thoroughbreds weigh up to 1300lbs (about 590kg). Other related but dissimilar terms are Chen (grace) and Hesed, which basically combines the meaning of "affection" and "compassion" and is sometimes rendered in English as "loving-kindness". Both groups agree that 'genuine abuse' should be ended within the industry. In Hebrew Ahava is the most commonly used term for both interpersonal love and love of God. Horse professionals that understand equine psychology and care claim they know what is best for horses than rights activists that live horseless lives and are easily influenced by propaganda. A common viewpoint of Sufism is that through Love humankind can get back to its inherent purity and grace. Animal living conditions vary, but many rodeo stock live on open ranches when not working on the weekend.

God in Sufism is referred to in three main terms which are the Lover, Loved, and Beloved with the last of these terms being often seen in Sufi poetry. Sports like rodeo and racing are closely monitored by veterinarians to prevent and treat injuries if they occur. Sufism is oftentimes referred to as the religion of Love. Most horse owners that compete in sports, however, does not force-breed, kill unprofitable horses, or have poor living conditions for their horses. Since everything is a reflection of God, the school of Sufism practices to see the beauty inside the apparently ugly. They also cite psychological harm, poor living conditions, forced-breeding, and the killing of unprofitable horses as forms of abuse. God desires to recognize beauty, and as if one looks at a mirror to see oneself, God "looks" at itself within the dynamics of nature. Activists claim rodeos turn a blind eye to minor injuries which do not impair performance.

Sufis believe that love is a projection of the essence of God to the universe. Rodeos claim that an injured horse is less profitable than a healthy horse. Ishq, or divine love, is the emphasis of Sufism. This brings a dilemma; If a horse gets an injury while competing, is this immoral? If a horse slips in its pasture while playing, is this ok?. All who hold the faith have God's love, but to what degree or effort he has pleased God depends on the individual itself. All sports are dangerous, but then one observing horses in nature can see more terrible injuries occurring than occur in sports. One still has God's love, but how the person evaluates his own worth is to his own and God's own counsel. Such extreme viewpoints are rare, however, and many people are more reasonable and worried that sports may cause injuries to horse atheltes, just as they do for human athletes.

In Islam, love is more often than not used as an incentive for sinners to aspire to be as worthy of God's love as they may. Animal rights activists have the general viewpoint that all animal ownership is wrong, and thus using horses for riding and sports is also wrong, but these events are 'softer targets' than trail riding or 'refined' sports like dressage. It refers to God as being "full of loving kindness". One problem is a disagreement about terms like abuse. There are no direct references stating that God is love, but amongst the 99 names of God (Allah), there is the name Al-Wadud or 'the Loving One', which is found in Surah 11:90 as well as Surah 85:14. Both sides provide contradictory evidence. In a sense, love does encompass the Islamic view of life as universal brotherhood which applies to all who hold the faith. Rodeo and racing professionals do have a strong case against radical claims.

The booklet Narada bhakti sutra written by an unknown author distinguishes eleven forms of love. It is difficult for average people (or even experts) to differentiate between normal equine abilities and actual abuse. Hindu writers, theologians, and philosophers have distinguished nine forms of devotion that they call bhakti, for example in the Bhagavatha-Purana and according to Tulsidas. Horse racing and rodeo are more easily targeted because of their extensive use of animals in sport. A person who practices bhakti is called bhakta. Most animal rights groups such as the Humane Society of the United States and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, which advocate against animal ownership, target wilder horse "sports", with claims of cruelty. Bhakti is a Sanskrit term from Hinduism meaning 'loving devotion to the supreme God'. Competitions exist in the following forms:.

Karuna is compassion and mercy, which reduces the suffering of others. Riders can choose any color, and optionally accoutrements such as chaps, bolo ties, belt buckles, and (shiny) spurs. In contrast to kāma, prema or prem refers to elevated love. The riders must wear cowboy boots, jeans, a shirt with long sleeves, and a cowboy hat. For many Hindu schools it is the third end in life (artha). But show -- in the form of outfit (and silver ornaments on saddle and tack) -- forms part of Western riding. In Hinduism kāma is pleasurable, sexual love, personified by the god Kama. In dressage all riders wear the same to prevent distraction from the riding itself.

Many Christian theologians see God as the source of love, which is mirrored in humans and their relationships. The outfit of the competition Western rider differs from that of the dressage or 'English' rider. For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but the save the world through him." (NIV John 3:16-17). Technically, fewer differences between 'English' and Western riding exist than most people think. John the Apostle wrote, "For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life. The cowboy's boots, which have high heels of an uncommon shape, also feature a specific design to prevent the cowboy's foot from slipping through the stirrup. Christians also believe that God felt so much agape love for man that he sacrificed his son for them. The Western saddle has a very much more substantial frame (traditionally made of wood) to absorb the shock of roping, a prominent pommel surmounted by a horn (a big knob for snubbing the lasso after roping an animal), and, frequently, tapaderos ("taps") covering the front of the stirrups to prevent the cowboy's foot from slipping through the stirrup in an accident and resulting in a frightened horse dragging him behind it.

Love never fails."(NIV 13:4-8). These multiple work needs mean that cowboys require different tack, most notably a curb bit (usually with longer bars than an English equitation curb or pelham bit would have) which works by leverage, long split reins (the ends of which can serve as an impromptu quirt) and a special kind of saddle. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, and always perseveres. Working with half-wild cattle, frequently in terrain where one cannot see what lurks behind the next bush, means the ever-present very great danger of becoming unseated in an accident miles from home and friends. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. For roping calves, the horse learns to pull back against the calf, which falls to the ground, while the cowboy dismounts and ties the calf's feet together so that he can be brand it, treat it for disease, and so on. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Once the cowboy has twirled the lariat and thrown its loop over a cow's head, he must snub the rope to the horn of his saddle.

It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. That means that horses must learn to neck rein, that is, to respond to light pressure of the slack rein against the horse's neck. Attempting to define it he wrote, "Love is patient, love is kind. The cowboy must control the horse with one hand and use the lariat with the other hand. Saint Paul glorified agape love as the most important virtue of all in 1 Corinthians, chapter 13. A main differentiating factor comes from the need of the cowboy to rope cattle with a lariat (or lasso). Saint Augustine summarised this when he wrote "Love God, and do as thou wilt". Western riding evolved stylistically from traditions brought to the Americas by the Spanish, and its skills stem from the working needs of the cowboy in the American West.

See The Gospel of Mark chapter 12, verses 28-34). Dressage, jumping and cross-country offer forms of what Americans refer to as 'English riding' (although the United States has a strong following of riders in those disciplines). Christians believe that to love God with all your heart, mind, and strength and Love your neighbour as yourself are the two most important things in life (the greatest commandment of God, according to Jesus). The three following count as Olympic disciplines:. Lewis, an influential Christian theologian, wrote a book called The Four Loves.
. C.S. In France they also race under saddle.

There are several Greek words for Love that are regularly referred to in Christian circles. Standardbred trotters and pacers race in harness with a sulky or racing bike. The strongest motivation one has in order to take the path of the Bodhisattva is the idea of salvation within unselfish love for others. It occurs most commonly in the United Kingdom. The Bodhisattva ideal in Tibetan Buddhism involves the complete renunciation of oneself in order to take on the burden of a suffering world. Steeplechasing involves racing on a track where the horses also jump over obstacles. Instead, in Buddhism it refers to detachment and unselfish interest in others' welfare. Quarter Horses traditionally raced for a quarter mile, hence the name.

This is quite different from the ordinary love, which is usually about attachment and sex, which rarely occur without self-interest. Thoroughbreds have a pre-eminent reputation as a racing breed, but Arabians, Quarter Horses, and Appaloosas also race on the flat in the United States. This love is unconditional and requires considerable self-acceptance. In harness:. Advesa and maitrī are benevolent love. Under saddle:. It is complementary to wisdom, and is necessary for enlightenment. Today, several categories of racing exist:.

Karunā is compassion and mercy, which reduces the suffering of others. Humans have always had a desire to know which horse (or horses) could move the fastest, horse-racing has ancient roots. It is an obstacle on the path to enlightenment, since it is selfish. The list of horse breeds provides a partial alphabetical list of breeds of horse extant today, plus a discussion of rare breeds' conservation. In Buddhism, Kāma is sensuous, sexual love. They show more excitability, and often more dominance; and the longer you ride them, the more excited they become, instead of merely getting tired (although any breed of horse can succumb to fatigue). Sayang is a word to express unconditional love, but also to express deep regret in losing something. True hotbloods usually offer greater riding challenges than other horses, especially the coldblood.

Jatuh cinta literally means falling in love: the initial action that triggers love. The term "warmbloods" covers everything else, but the term also specifically refers to the European breeds, such as the Hanoverian, that have dominated dressage and show jumping since the 1950s. Cinta is a word that defines lust or love that involves physical attraction. The slow, heavy draft horses class as "coldbloods", as they usually possess a quite calm temperament. In Indonesian and Malaysian linguistics perspective, love can be defined in several ways:. The Thoroughbred is also included in the "hotblood" category. As it arises from a conflation with a Greek word, there is no corresponding verb. The Arabian horses, whether originating on the Arabian peninsula or from the European studs (breeding establishments) of the 18th and 19th centuries, gained the title of "hotbloods", for their fiery temperaments.

This meaning, however, is not found in Classical pagan Roman literature. Some other breed registries allow artificial insemination, embryo transfer, or both. Caritas is used in Latin translations of the Christian Bible to mean 'charitable love'. A foal born of two Thoroughbred parents, but by means of artificial insemination, is barred from the Thoroughbred studbook. Observare is a synonym for 'diligere'; despite the cognate with English, this verb and its corresponding noun 'observantia' often denote 'esteem' or 'affection'. For example, all Thoroughbred registries require that a registered Thoroughbred be a product of a natural mating. The corresponding noun diligentia, however, has the meaning 'diligence' 'carefulness' and has little semantic overlap with the verb. Breed registries also differ as to their acceptance or rejection of breeding technology.

This word would be appropriate to describe the friendship of two men. Still other breeds, such as most of the warmblood sporthorses, require individual judging of an individual animal's quality before registration or breeding approval. Diligere often has the notion 'to be affectionate for', 'to esteem', and rarely if ever is used of romantic love. Other breeds tolerate limited infusions from other breeds—the modern Appaloosa for instance must have at least one Appaloosa parent but may also have a Quarter Horse, Thoroughbred, or Arabian parent and must also exhibit spotted coloration to gain full registration. Complicating the picture somewhat, Latin sometimes uses amare where English would simply say to like; this notion, however, is much more generally expressed in Latin by placere or delectare, which are used more colloquially, and the latter of which is used frequently in the love poetry of Catullus. Some breeds have closed studbooks; a registered Thoroughbred, Arabian, or Quarter Horse must have two registered parents of the same breed, and no other criteria for registration apply. Ovid wrote a guide to dating called Ars Amatoria (The Art of Lovers), which addresses in depth everything from extramarital affairs to overprotective parents. The modern landscape of breed designation presents a complicated picture.

Cicero wrote a treatise called On Friendship (de Amicitia) which discusses the notion at some length. During the late middle ages the Carthusian monks of southern Spain, themselves forbidden to ride, bred horses which nobles throughout Europe prized; the lineage survives to this day in the Andalusian horse or caballo de pura raza español. This same root also produces amicus, 'friend', and amicitia, 'friendship' (often based on mutual advantage, and corresponding sometimes more closely to 'indebtedness' or 'influence'). The Arabs had a reputation for breeding their prize mares to only the most worthy stallions, and kept extensive pedigrees of their "asil" (purebred) horses. The corresponding noun is amor, which is also used in the plural form to indicate 'love affairs' or 'sexual adventures'. The idea of a "purebred" animal gained importance in Europe during the 19th century but selective breeding has occurred almost everywhere man has kept horses. From this verb come amans, a lover, amator, 'professional lover', often with the accessory notion of lechery, and amica, 'girlfriend' in the English sense, often as well being applied euphemistically to a prostitute. See: Domestication of the horse.

The Romans used it both in an affectionate sense, as well as in a Romantic or sexual sense. Finally, certain geneticists have started evaluating the DNA and mitochondrial DNA to construct family trees. Amare is the basic word for to love, as it still is in Italian today. A second school -- the "Single Foundation" -- holds only one breed of horse underwent domestication, and it diverged in form after domestication through human selective breeding (or in the case of feral horses, through ecological pressures). The Latin language has several different verbs corresponding to the English word 'love'. One school, which we can call the "Four Foundations", suggests that the modern horse evolved from two types of early domesticated pony and two types of early domesticated horse; the differences between these types account for the differences in type of the modern breeds. The importance of this can be seen throughout Greek mythology, in particular Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. These schools grew up reasoning from the type of dentition and from the horses' outward appearance.

The host fed and provided quarters for the guest, who was only expected to repay with gratitude. Several schools of thought exist to explain how this range of size and shape came about. It was an almost ritualized friendship formed between a host and their guest, who could previously be strangers. The Patagonian Fallabella, usually considered the smallest horse in the world, compares in size to a German Shepherd Dog. Xenia (ξενία philoxenía), means hospitality in modern Greek, was an extremely important practice in ancient Greece. The draft breeds can top 20 hands (80 inches, 2 metres) while the smallest miniature horses can stand as low as 5.2 hands (22 inches, 0.56 metres). Storge (στοργή storgē) means affection in modern Greek; it is natural affection, like that felt by parents for offspring. Horses come in various sizes and shapes.

Philia is motivated by practical reasons; one or both of the parties benefit from the relationship. Another that has numerous photographs of various colors and markings is Equine color. It includes loyalty to friends, family, and community, and requires virtue, equality and familiarity. Another good resource for horse color is: Horse color, markings, and genetics. Philia (φιλία philía), means friendship in modern Greek, a dispassionate virtuous love, was a concept developed by Aristotle. For horse color and marking genetics see Equine coat color genetics. Some translations list it as "love of the body". Elsewhere:.

Lovers and philosophers are all inspired to seek truth by eros. On the legs:. Eros helps the soul recall knowledge of beauty, and contributes to an understanding of spiritual truth. On the face:. Although eros is initially felt for a person, with contemplation it becomes an appreciation of the beauty within that person, or even becomes appreciation of beauty itself. In fact, one will often refer to a horse in the field by his or her coat color rather than by breed or by gender. Plato refined his own definition. Horses exhibit a diverse array of coat colors and distinctive markings, and a specialized vocabulary has evolved to describe them.

The Greek word erota means in love. Horses older than colts and fillies become known as horses and mares respectively. Eros (ἔρως érōs) is passionate love, with sensual desire and longing. Thoroughbred racing defines a colt as a male horse less than five years old and a filly as a female horse less than five years old; harness racing defines colts and fillies as less than four years old. It has also been translated as "love of the soul". In horse racing the definitions of colt, filly, mare, and horse differ from those given above. However, there are some examples of agape used to mean the same as eros. You can view an entire equine dictionary at: The Horse Dictionary.

It generally refers to a "pure", ideal type of love rather than the physical attraction suggested by eros. For details, see Horse gaits. The word agapo is the verb I love. Some horses, called Gaited Horses, have gaits other than the most common four above. The term s'agapo means I love you in Greek.
Other gaits. Agape (ἀγάπη agápē) means love in modern day Greek. Although a race track is an enclosed area, it is designed for a horse to gallop around, without being too enclosed which may cause the horse to slip while turning.

At the same time the ancient Greek text of the Bible has examples of the verb agapo being used with the same meaning as phileo. However, one would not gallop a horse during training in a ring or enclosed area, due to the fact that the horse may slip in attempting to gallop in such an area. However, with Greek as with many other languages, it has been historically difficult to separate the meanings of these words totally. The gallop is usually used in races or fox hunting. For example, ancient Greek has the words philia, eros, agape, storge and xenia. To get a horse into gallop, the rider must alter their position so they are slightly more forward in the saddle, then they should allow the horse to head and gently kick the horse's sides. Greek distinguishes several different senses in which the word love is used. Horses that usually are galloped in a straight line need to be caused to alternate leads so that they do not suffer a muscular imbalance and subsequent difficulty making turns in one direction or the other.

Rather than using ai shiteiru (愛している) or koi shiteiru (恋している) to say "I love you", for example, most Japanese would say suki desu (好きです), which literally means "I like you" -- suki (好き) being the same word used to express preferences for food, music, etc., as in sushi ga suki desu (寿司が好きです), or "I like sushi." Rather than diluting the sentiment, however, the implied meaning of "love" is understood. In turning at a very rapid rate, it is even more important that the horse use the appropriate lead, leading with the left leg if making a left turn, and the right leg if making a right turn, since the faster the turn the more the horse needs to lean into the turn. In everyday conversation, however, ai (愛) and koi (恋) are rarely used. The gallop also involves having a leading leg. The word aijin (愛人) means "lover" and implies an illicit, often extra-marital relationship, whereas koibito (恋人) has the connotation of "boyfriend", "girlfriend", or "partner". The gallop is another "four beat" gait which follows a similar progression to the canter, except the two paired legs land separately, the hind leg landing slightly before the foreleg. There are of course exceptions.
The gallop.

"Parental love", for example, is oya no ai (親の愛), while "to be in love with" is koi suru (恋する). The canter is not a natural gait, but a restrained form of a gallop. Generally speaking, most forms of non-romantic love are expressed using the former, while romantic love is expressed using the latter. Also called "lope" when riding in a Western show class. Linguistically, the two most common words for love are ai （愛）and koi (恋). To get a horse to canter from gallop, one must alter the position of the body slightly back in the saddle, then you must place the outside leg behind the girth to allow the horse to canter on the correct leg, and apply pressure on the reins. Some sociologists (most notably, Takeo Doi) have suggested that Japanese social interactions in later life are modeled on the mother-child amae. To get a horse to canter on the correct leg from trot, one must go into sitting trot, place their outside leg slightly behind the girth and squeeze with the inside leg.

Japanese mothers are expected to hug and indulge their children, and children are expected to reward their mothers by clinging and serving. In making a fairly tight turn, the inside leg (the one nearest to the center of the turn) should lead, as this prevents the horse from "falling in". Amae (甘え), a Japanese word meaning "indulgent dependence", is part of the child-rearing culture of Japan. In the arena, the horse should canter on the inside lead. It can develop towards either selfishness or selflessness and enlightenment. When cantering in a straight line, it does not usually matter which foreleg (or leading leg) goes first, but both leads should receive equal practice time, as otherwise the horse may become "one-sided" or develop a reluctance to canter on a specific lead. In Japanese Buddhism, ai (愛) is passionate caring love, and a fundamental desire. the rhythm should be 1-2-3, 1-2-3, etc.

Reports have appeared in Chinese newspapers and other media detailing the prevalence of the phenomenon and its perceived dangers to students and the fears of parents. A cantering horse will first stride off with the outside hind leg, then the inside hind and outside fore together, then the inside front leg, and finally a period of suspension in which all four legs are off the ground. The concept essentially indicates a prevalent belief in contemporary Chinese culture that due to the demands of their studies (especially true in the highly competitive educational system of China), youth should not form romantic attachments lest they jeopardize their chances for success in the future. A canter is a "three beat" gait in which a foreleg and opposite hindleg strike the ground together, and the other two legs strike separately. Zaolian describes both relationships among a teenaged boyfriend and girlfriend, as well as the "crushes" of early adolescence or childhood.
The canter/lope. Zaolian (Simplified: 早恋, Traditional: 早戀, pinyin: zǎoliàn), literally, "early love," is a contemporary term in frequent use for romantic feelings or attachments among children or adolescents. There are two types of trot a rider can perform; these are called posting trot, in which the rider stands up slightly in the saddle each time the animal's outside front leg goes forward, and sitting trot, in which the rider sits in the saddle and matches the horse's movement.

A similar conceptualization in English is, "They were made for each other," "fate," or "destiny". A rider on a walking horse initiates a trot by reducing tautness on the reins and applying more leg pressure. It is very similar to serendipity. In this gait, each leg bears weight separately, making it ideal to check for lameness or for stiffness in the joints. A meaningful relationship is often conceived of as dependent strong yuanfen. A trot is a "two beat" diagonal gait in which a foreleg and opposite hindleg (often called "diagonals") touch the ground at the same time. Yuanfen (緣份) is a connection of bound destinies.
The trot/jog.

Emotional attachment toward another person or anything. To initiate a walk when a horse is trotting, the rider gently applies pressure on the reins. A person will express love by building good gănqíng, accomplished through helping or working for another. A rider on a trained horse gently squeezes the sides of the animal and releases the pressure on its reins in order to initiate a walk from a stationary position. Gănqíng (感情), the feeling of a relationship. The walking horse will lift first a hind leg, then the foreleg on the same side, then the remaining hind leg, then the foreleg on the same side. Although Mozi's thought was influential, the Confucian lian is how most Chinese conceive of love. A walk is a "four-beat" lateral gait in which a horse must have three feet on the ground and only one foot in the air at any time.

Extravagance and offensive war are inimical to ai.
The walk. Ai, in Mohism, is universal love towards all beings, not just towards friends or family, without regard to reciprocation. All horses move naturally with four basic gaits; these are referred to as the walk, the trot, the canter/lope ("canter" in English riding, "lope" in Western), and the gallop. The Chinese philosopher Mozi developed the concept of ai (愛) in reaction to Confucian lian. Breeders of miniature horses favor that name because they strive to reproduce horse-like attributes in a much smaller animal, even though their horses undeniably descend from ponies. Lian should be pursued by all human beings, and reflects a moral life. Several small breeds are referred to as "horses" or "ponies" interchangeably, including the Icelandic, Fjord, and Caspian types.

In Confucianism, lian is a virtuous benevolent love. Many people consider the Shetland pony as the archetypal pony, as its proportions are so different from those of horses. In contemporary Chinese language and culture, several terms or root words are used for the concept of "love":. However, a distinct set of characteristic pony traits, developed in northwest Europe and further evolved in the British Isles, make it less clear whether it is more appropriate to use the word "pony" to describe a size or a type. After that time, the passion fades, changing love from consummate to companionate, or from romantic love to liking. Thus normal variations can mean that a horse stallion and horse mare can become the parents of an adult pony. According to current scientific understanding of love, this transition from the attraction to the attachment phase usually happens in about 30 months. Below the threshold an animal is a pony, while above the threshold it is a horse.

Likewise, when a person has known a loved one for a long time, they develop a deeper attachment to their partner. The threshold is 14.2 hh (1.47 m) for an adult. At the attraction stage the person concentrates their affection on a single mate and fidelity becomes important. Usually, size alone marks the difference between horses and ponies. So what starts as infatuation or empty love may well develop into one of the fuller types of love. By convention, 15.2 hh means 15 hands, 2 inches (1.57 m) in height. However, as time passes, the other elements may grow and passion may shrink — this depends upon the individual. Perhaps because of extensive selective breeding, modern adult horses vary widely in size, ranging from miniature horses measuring 5 hands (0.5 m) to draft animals measuring 19 hands (1.8 m) or more.

Appearance, smells, and other similar factors play a decisive role in screening potential mates. Horse height is measured at the highest point of an animal's withers. The primary motivator at this stage is the basic sexual instinct. One hand is defined in British law as 101.6 mm, a figure derived from the previous measure of 4 Imperial inches. Generally love will start off in the lust phase, strong in passion but weak in the other elements. The English-speaking world measures the height of horses in hands. Helen Fisher suggests three main phases of love: lust, attraction, and attachment. Because horses and humans have lived and worked together for thousands of years, an extensive specialized vocabulary has arisen to describe virtually every horse behavioral and anatomical characteristic with a high degree of precision.

Relationships based on similar love styles were found to last longer. For instance, if the majority of the herd wants to stop and eat, the whole herd follows suit and stops. The Hendricks found men tend to be more ludic and manic, whereas women tend to be storgic and pragmatic. Recently, researchers have observed that a form of "majority rule" appears to exist among horses. Lee identified six basic theories that people use in their interpersonal relationships:. An alpha mare dictates the direction in which a family herd travels, while the stallion brings up the rear, "herding" his family. Susan Hendrick and Clyde Hendrick developed a Loves Attitude Scale based on John Alan Lee's theory called Love styles. A stallion is not usually successful in acquiring his own mares from other stallions until he reaches 7 or 8 years of age.

Each of these elements can be present in a relationship, producing the following combinations:. Once young males reach breeding age and begin to attempt to breed with mares or to challenge the herd stallion, the stallion drives them out of the herd to form "bachelor bands" with other young stallions. In psychologist Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love, love is characterized by three elements: intimacy, passion and commitment. These normally consist of a mature stallion, his harem of about one to ten mares, and the mares' offspring. Companionate love is affection and a feeling of intimacy not accompanied by physiological arousal. Horses live in family groups in primarily grassland habitats. Passionate love is intense longing, and is often accompanied by physiological arousal (shortness of breath, rapid heart rate). Even domesticated horses startle easily and must, for the safety of riders, undergo careful introductions to strange objects and situations.

The traditional psychological view sees love as being a combination of companionate love and passionate love. Their eyes are located on the sides of their heads, providing a wide field of view while grazing (slightly less than 180 degrees to each side, overlapped in front and leaving a blind spot in the rear). Attachment between adults is presumed to work on the same principles that lead an infant to become attached to his or her mother or father. They have a natural tendency to flee from danger, though they will fight if cornered. The conventional view in biology is that there are two major drives in love — sexual attraction and attachment. In nature, horses function as prey animals. There are probably elements of truth in both views — certainly love is influenced by hormones (such as oxytocin) and pheromones, and how people think and behave in love is influenced by their conceptions of love. Examples of extinct horse genera include: Propalaeotherium, Mesohippus, Miohippus, Orohippus, Pliohippus, Anchitherium, Merychippus, Parahippus, Hipparion and Hippidion.

Psychology sees love as more of a social and cultural phenomenon. The genus Equus, to which all living equids belong, evolved a few million years ago. Biological models of love tend to see it as a mammalian drive, just like hunger or thirst. Horse evolution was characterized by a reduction in the number of toes, from 5 per foot, to 3 per foot, to only 1 toe per foot. Refer to Religious Views below. In the course of roughly a million years, horses evolved from leaf-eating forest-dwellers into fast grass-eating inhabitants of the Great Plains. Some traditions encourage the development of passionate love in the believer for the deity. One of the first true horse species was the tiny Hyracotherium, also known as eohippus, "the dawn horse".

Reciprocally, the followers may believe that the deity loves the followers and all of creation. Horses are believed by scientists to have first evolved in what is now North America. This love can be expressed by prayer, service, good deeds, and personal sacrifice. At one time there were twelve families of odd-toed ungulates, though today only three survive; tapirs and rhinoceroses are the closest living relatives of the modern horse. Most religions use the term love to express the devotion the follower has to their deity, who may be a living guru or religious teacher. Perissodactyls were the dominant group of large terrestrial browsing animals until the Miocene (about 20 million years ago), when even-toed ungulates, with stomachs better adapted to grass digestion, began to outcompete them. Religious 'love' might be considered a euphemistic term, more closely describing feelings of deference or acquiescence. Horses and other equids are odd-toed ungulates of the order Perissodactyla, a relatively ancient group of browsing and grazing animals that first arose less than 10 million years after the dinosaurs became extinct.

Whether religious love can be expressed in similar terms to interpersonal love is a matter for philosophical debate. All equids are part of the family Equidae, which dates back more than 50 million years. If that desire reaches the point of being acted out, it may be considered unhealthy, and fall under the category of paraphilia. Main article: Evolution of the Horse. (ex: "I love cheese.") In some cases there may be an erotic component to such feeling of love. Full species list:. People can also 'love' material objects, animals, or activities if they invest themselves in bonding their identity with that item. This will probably remain a novelty hybrid as these individuals tend to inherit some of the nervous, difficult nature of their zebra parent.

Similarly, compassionate outreach and volunteer workers' 'love' of their cause may be born not of interpersonal love, but impersonal love coupled with altruism and strong political convictions. Recently breeders have begun crossing various species of zebra with mares or female asses to produce "zebra mules"—zorses and zonkeys (also called zedonks). A person can be said to love a country, principle, or goal if they value it greatly and are deeply committed to it. A hinny is the less common hybrid of a female ass and a stallion. . A mule is a hybrid of a male ass and a mare and is infertile.
. The Donkey, Burro or Domestic Ass, Equus asinus, like the horse, has many breeds.

Love is essentially an abstract concept, easier to experience than to explain. Other members of the horse family include zebras, donkeys, and hemionids. Different people place varying degrees of importance on the kinds of love they receive. The Icelandic horse has a four-beat gait called the "tölt", which equates to the rack exhibited by several American gaited breeds. Expressions of love may include the love for a soul or mind, the love of laws and organizations, love for a body, love for nature, love of food, love of money, love for learning, love of power, love of fame, love for the respect of others, etcetera. Introduced by the Vikings into Iceland, Icelandic horses did not subsequently undergo the intensive selective breeding that took place in the rest of Europe from the Middle Ages onwards, and consequently bear a closer resemblance to pre-Medieval breeds. See the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. The Icelandic horse (pony-sized but called a horse) provides an opportunity to compare contemporary and historical breed appearances and behaviour.

It is precisely these cultural differences that make any universal definition of love difficult, but not impossible, to establish. Feral horses may provide useful insights into the behavior of ancestral wild horses. Love is inherent in all human cultures and thus may be seen as a defining trait of humanity, that is, love is a quality that makes one human. Isolated feral populations are often named for their geographic location; in Namiba feral animals known as Namib Desert Horses live in the desert, while the Sable Island Horses are resident on Sable Island, Canada. Or to put simply, love responds intentionally to promote well-being (Thomas Jay Oord). Several populations of feral horses exist, including those in the West of the United States and Canada (often called "mustangs") and in parts of Australia ("brumbies") and New Zealand ("Kaimanawa horses"). Love might best be defined as acting intentionally, in sympathetic response to others (including God), to promote overall well-being. Wild animals, whose ancestors have never undergone domestication, are distinct from feral animals, who had domesticated ancestors but now live in the wild.

Probably due to its emotional primacy, love is one of the most common themes in art. [1]. In ordinary use, it usually refers to interpersonal love. Small wild breeding populations of this animal exist in Mongolia. It can describe an intense feeling of affection, an emotion or an emotional state. Mongolians know it as the taki, while the Kirghiz people call it a kirtag. Love has several different meanings in every language, from something that gives a little pleasure ("I loved that meal") to something one would die for (patriotism, pairbonding). Przewalski's Horse (Equus ferus przewalskii), a rare Asian species, is the only true wild horse alive today.

Mihr — angel of love in Persian mythology. Thanks to the efforts of the brothers Lutz Heck (director of the Berlin zoo) and Heinz Heck (director of Tierpark Munich Hellabrunn), the resulting Wild Polish Horse or Konik more closely resembles the tarpan than any other living horse. Raphael — Angel of love(agape) in Judeo-Christian theology. Its genetic line is lost, but its phenotype has been recreated by a "breeding back" process, in which living domesticated horses with primitive features were repeatedly interbred. Haniel — Angel of Venus, and of eros, in Judeo-Christian theology. The tarpan, Equus ferus ferus, became extinct in 1880. Xochipilli — god in Aztec mythology. For example, the Forest Horse (Equus ferus silvaticus, also called the Diluvial Horse) is thought to have evolved into Equus ferus germanicus, and may have contributed to the development of the heavy horses of northern Europe, such as the Ardennais.

Venus — goddess of beauty and passionate love in Roman mythology. Wild species continued to survive into historic times. Rati — goddess of passionate love in Hindu mythology. Competing theories exist as to the time and place of initial domestication. Kama — god of sensual love in Hindu mythology. The earliest evidence for the domestication of the horse comes from Central Asia and dates to approximately 4,000 BCE. Ishtar — goddess of love and war in Babylonian mythology. .

Inanna — goddess of love and war in Sumerian mythology. Until the middle of the 20th century, armies used horses extensively in warfare; soldiers still refer to the groups of machines that have replaced horses on the battlefield as "cavalry" units, and sometimes preserve traditional horse-oriented names for military units (Lord Strathcona's Horse). Freya — goddess in Norse mythology. Though isolated domestication may have occurred as early as 4500 BC, clear evidence of widespread use by humans dates to no earlier than 2000 BC, as evidenced by the Sintashta chariot burials, thus firmly establishing the domestication of the horse. Eros — god of passionate love in Greek mythology. In some human cultures, horses are also widely used as a source of food. Astarte — goddess of love in Canaanite mythogy. Most notably, horses can be ridden by a person perched on a saddle attached to the animal, and are also widely harnessed to pull objects like wheeled vehicles or plows.

Aphrodite — goddess of beauty and passionate love in Greek mythology. Horses have long been one of the most economically important domesticated animals, and have played an important role in the transport of people and cargo for thousands of years. Aonghus or Aengus— god of beauty, youth, and sensual love in Irish mythology. The horse (Equus caballus) is a sizeable ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. Amor or Cupid — god of passionate love in Roman mythology. Bull.Zool.Nomencl., 60:81-84. Áine — goddess of fertility and passionate love in Irish mythology. Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved.

Two other words for love in the Greek language -- Eros (sexual love) and storge (needy child-to parent love) were never used in the New Testament. Opinion 2027 (Case 3010). Also known as "brotherly love". 2003. Phileo - Also used in the New Testament, Phileo is a human response to something that is found to be delightful. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. It is parental love seen as creating goodness in the world, it is the way God is seen to love humanity, and it is seen as the kind of love that Christians aspire to have for one another. Equistar Publications, Ltd., 1996.

Agape - In the New Testament, agapē is charitable, selfless, altruistic, and unconditional. Hakola, B.S., R.N., C.M.I. It is contained in the word aiqing (愛情); qingren (情人) is a term for "lover". and Susan E. Qing (情), commonly meaning "feeling" or "emotion," often indicates "love" in several terms. Riegal, D.V.M. Lian (戀) is not generally used alone, but instead as part of such terms as "being in love" (談戀愛, tan lian'ai—also containing ai), "lover" (戀人, lianren) or "homosexuality" (同性戀, tongxinglian). Illustrated Atlas of Clinical Equine Anatomy and Common Disorders of the Horse, by Ronald J.

Wo ai ni, "I love you") or as a noun, especially in aiqing (愛情), "love" or "romance." In mainland China since 1949, airen (愛人, originally "lover," or more literally, "love person") is the dominant word for "spouse" (with separate terms for "wife" and "husband" originally being de-emphasized); the word once had a negative connotation, which it retains among many on Taiwan. (By members of the faculty and staff, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine.) Harper Collins, 1996. Ai (愛) is used as a verb (e.g. Book of Horses: A Complete Medical Reference Guide for Horses and Foals, edited by Mordecai Siegal. Agapē — selfless altruistic love; spiritual. Gymkhana. Mania — highly emotional love; unstable; the stereotype of romantic love. Steeplechase.

Pragma — pragmatic love. Vaulting (gymnastics and dance on horseback). Storge — an affectionate love that slowly develops, based on similarity. Campdrafting. Ludus — love is played as a game; love is playful. Polocrosse. Eros — a passionate physical love based on physical appearance. 3-Day Eventing- a competition where you are judged on your total score from a day of dressage, stadium jumping and cross country.

"Without expression," he warns, "even the greatest of loves can die" (1987, p.341). The common clothes worn are usually brighter colors and less conservative. He stresses the importance of translating the components of love into action. Cross Country Jumping, a jumping course that contains logs, and natural obstacles mostly. Sternberg cautions that maintaining a consummate love may be even harder than achieving it. Show Jumping. Consummate love is the most complete form of love, and it represents the ideal love relationship for which many people strive but which apparently few achieve. Dressage.

Consummate love is the only type of love that includes all three components--intimacy, passion and commitment. Rodeo. This type of love can be exemplified by a whirlwind courtship and marriage in which a commitment is motivated largely by passion, without the stabilizing influence of intimacy. Reining. Fatuous love has the passion and the commitment components but not the intimacy component. Rapa das bestas. This type of love is often found in marriages in which the passion has gone out of the relationship, but a deep affection and commitment remain. Polo, a team game played on horseback, involves riders using a long-handled mallet to drive a ball on the ground into the opposing team's goal while the opposing team defends their goal.

Companionate love consists of intimacy and commitment. Hunter paces are usually a few miles long. Romantic lovers are bonded emotionally (as in liking) and physically through passionate arousal. Hunter paces are usually held in a series. Romantic love is a combination of intimacy and passion. Hunter Pacing, a sport where a trained rider rides a trail at speeds based on its condition and then people compete to ride closest to that perfect time. Empty love can also be seen in couples that are estranged but feel that they are bound by commitment. Jousting.

In cultures in which arranged marriages are common, relationships often begin as empty love. Horse show. Sometimes, a stronger love deteriorates into empty love, in which the commitment remains, but the intimacy and passion have died. Horse hacking. Empty love consists of the commitment component without intimacy or passion. Fox hunting. Infatuated love consists solely of passion and is often what is felt as "love at first sight." But without the intimacy and the commitment components of love, infatuated love may disappear suddenly. Charreada, the highest form of Mexican horsemanship based on a mixture of Spanish and Native traditions.

Sternberg says that this intimate liking characterizes true friendships, in which a person feels a bondedness, a warmth, and a closeness with another but not intense passion or long-term commitment. Cavalry (sport). In this case, liking is not used in a trivial sense. Bullfighting (rejoneo). Liking includes only one of the love components - intimacy. It consists of bareback bronc riding and of saddle bronc riding. Bronc riding (riding a bucking "wild" horse for a timed duration) counts as a separate event, not considered part of Western riding as such.

In team roping, one horse and rider lassos a running steer's horns, while another horse and rider lassos the steer's two hind legs. In calf roping, the rider has to catch a running calf by the neck with a lasso, stop the animal in its tracks, rapidy dismount the horse and immobilize the calf by tying three of its legs together. Roping: also banned in Europe. While riding, the rider jumps off his horse onto a steer and 'wrestles' it to the ground.

Steer wrestling: Europe does not allow this activity because of animal welfare concerns, but it occurs in the United States of America, usually at rodeo events. Halter class is particularly popular with younger riders who do not yet have the skill or confidence to partake in other forms. Clothing of the handler and the halters tend to be more flashy in this discipline. In regular halter class, judges will put emphasis on the performance and build of the horse when awarding points, in 'showmanship at halter' the performance of the handler and horse are both judged equally.

The horse is taken through a short pattern where the horse and handler must demonstrate control during walk, jog and turns. The standard position of the handler is on the left side with the shoulder near the horse's eye. Halter class: here the horse is shown with only a halter and without a rider, but with a handler controlling the horse from the ground using a leadrope. In pole bending, horse and rider gallop the length of a line of six upright poles, turn sharply and weave through the poles, turn again and weave back, and gallop back to the start.

In a barrel race, horse and rider gallop around a cloverleaf pattern of barrels, making agile turns without knocking the barrels over. Barrel racing and pole bending: the timed speed/agility events of rodeo. The horses have to move sideways, make 90 degree turns while moving backwards, a fence has to be opened and/or closed while mounted, and more such maneuvers relevant to everyday ranch or trail riding tasks are demonstrated. Speed is not important, but total control of the horse is.

Trail class: in this event, the rider has to maneuver the horse through an obstacle course in a ring. The catch: the riders cannot close the gate to the pen till they have corralled all the cattle (and only the intended cattle) inside. Team penning: a popular timed event in which a team of 3 riders must select 3 to 5 marked steers out of a herd and drive them into a small pen. A jury awards points to the cutter.

The calf then tries to return to its herdmates; the rider loosens the reins and leaves it entirely to the horse to keep the calf separated, a job the best horses do with relish, savvy, and style. The horse and rider select and separate a calf out of a small group. Cutting: more than any other, this event highlights the "cow sense" prized in stock breeds such as the Quarter horse. Reining - considered by some the "dressage" of the western riding world, reining requires horse and rider to perform a precise pattern consisting of canter circles, rapid "spins" (a particularly athletic turn on the haunches), and the sliding stop (executed from a full gallop).

The horse must remain under control, with the rider directing minimal force through the reins and otherwise using minimal interference. Western pleasure - the rider must show the horse in walk, jog (a slow, controlled trot), trot and lope (a slow, controlled canter). Equitation classes occur in the Huntseat, Saddleseat, and Western disciplines. Equitation refers to those classes where judges assess the rider, not the performance of the horse.

Riders also commonly show Arabians and Morgans saddleseat in the United States. Saddleseat (also known as Park or English Pleasure riding), a uniquely American discipline, developed to show to best advantage the extravagantly animated movement of high-stepping gaited breeds such as the American Saddlebred and the Tennessee Walker. A winning show hunter has very good conformation, a smooth jumping style (with tightly-folded front legs), a good length of stride, and an appealing manner. Hunter classes in various divisions and fence heights demonstrate the horse's ability to jump smoothly and safely.

For equitation, see below. In the modern show ring hunters show "on the flat" at the walk, trot, and canter, and "over fences". Huntseat riding as a show discipline derived from English foxhunting and from the natural desire for people to prove that the superiority of their mount. In the last-named, the horses jump over fixed obstacles, unlike show jumping, where the majority of the obstacles will fall down or apart if hit by the horse.

"roads and tracks") and the "cross-country" jumping phase. Eventing, combined training, horse trials, "the Military," or "the complete test" as its French name translates, puts together the obedience of dressage with the athletic ability of show jumping, the fitness demands of a long endurance phase (a.k.a. At the Grand Prix level fences may reach a height of as much as 6 feet. Show jumping comprises a timed event judged on the ability of the horse and rider to jump over a series of obstacles, in a given order and with the fewest refusals or knockdowns of portions of the obstacles.

One dressage master has defined it as "returning the freedom of the horse while carrying the rider.". Competitive dressage has the goal of showing the horse carrying out, on request, the natural movements that it performs without thinking while running loose. Dressage ("training" in French) involves the progressive training of the horse to a high level of impulsion, collection, and obedience. The humans alternately run and ride.

Ride and Tie involves three equal partners: two humans and one horse. Ride and Tie (in North America, organized by Ride and Tie Association). Note especially the Tevis Cup. Races begin at 20 miles and peak at 100 miles.

Endurance races take place over a given, measured distance and the horses have an even start. The American Endurance Ride Conference organizes the sport in North America. Endurance riding, a sport in which the Arabian dominates at the top level, has become very popular in the United States and in Europe. Harness Racing in Europe, New Zealand and Australia.

The United States Trotting Association organizes harness Racing in the United States (although the horses may also pace). Arabian Horse Racing. Appaloosa Horse Racing. Quarter Horse Racing--mostly in the United States, and sanctioned there by the American Quarter Horse Association.

Thoroughbred National Hunt racing or steeplechasing in the UK. Thoroughbred flat racing; (under the aegis of the Jockey Club in the United Kingdom and the Jockey Club of North America). Whorls, coloquially known as "cow licks" - are divergent or convergent patches of hair found anywhere on the body but mostly on the head, neck and just in front of the stifles. Stocking (white marking that extends as high as the knee or hock).

Sock (white marking that does not extend as high as the knee or hock). Ermine marks (black marks on the white just above the hoof). White Face (sometimes called Bald Face). Blaze (broad white stripe down the middle of the face).

Stripe (narrow white stripe down the middle of the face). Snip (a white patch on the muzzle). Star (a white patch between the eyes). These horses have normal eye colour, and they stay white for life.

Rarely there are true white horses born and are documented to have a dominant white gene (see Gray (horse) for a discussion of these). All white, may be the result of overlapping pinto, appaloosa, or sabino markings. White - Any non-albino white horse is called a gray, even though they appear white. Tobiano - a genetic trait among horses which produces a characteristic white pattern in the coat.

Splash - a genetically controlled horse coat variation. Sorrel - a light brown coat with a flaxen mane and tail. This color occurs while the horse is "graying out.". Rose gray: a gray horse with a pinkish tinge to its coat.

Roans also have solid colored heads that do not lighten. Roans are distinguishable from greys because roans typically do not change colour in their lifetimes, unlike gray that gradually gets lighter as a horse ages. Roan can happen on any body color; for example, there are palomino roans and dun roans. Red roans are chesnut and white hairs, blue roans are black/bay with white hairs.

Roan - a color pattern that causes white hairs to be sprinkled over the horse's body color. Perlino - Exactly like a cremello but a bay horse with two dilute genes. Often cited as being a color "within three shades of a newly minted coin", palominos actually come in all shades from extremely light, to deep chocolate. Palomino-chestnut horse that has one cream dilute gene that turns the horse to a golden, yellow, or tan shade with a flaxen (white) mane and tail.

Today, Paint horses are the world's fifth most popular breed. Paint - In 1962, the American Paint Horse Association began to recognize pinto horses with known Quarter Horse and/or Thoroughbred bloodlines as a separate breed. Specific patterns such as tobiano, overo, and tovero refer to the orientation of white on the body. Piebald is black and white, while Skewbald is white and brown.

Pinto - a multi-colored horse with large patches of brown, white, and/or black and white. It is often a grayish/silver colored horse with dark dun factors. Grulla- A black horse with a dun gene. Some gray horses that are very light must wear sunscreen.

If you would define the horse as white it is still grey unless it is albino. Gray horses can be born any color, and eventually most will turn gray or white with age. Gray - A horse with black skin and clear hairs. Fleabitten gray - refers to usually red hairs flecked in the coat of a gray horse.

Dun - Yellowish brown with a dorsal stripe along the back and occasionally zebra stripings on the legs. Dapple gray: a gray colored horse with rings, or dapples, scattered throughout. There are no true albino horses. Often called pseudo albinos, they have blue eyes.

Cremello - A chestnut horse with two dilute genes that washes out almost all colour. Chestnut- A reddish body color with no black. Buckskin- A bay horse with a gene that 'dilutes' the coat colour to a yellow, cream, or gold while keeping the black points (mane, tail, ears, legs). Brown - A bay without any black points.

Usually for a horse to be considered black it must be completely black with no brown at all, only white markings. As their foal coat begins to shed out, their black color will show through,but jet black foals are born jet black. Black foals are usually born a mousy grey color. Jet black is a blue-black shade that is fadeproof.

Ordinary black horses will fade to a rusty brownish color if the horse is exposed to sunlight on a regular basis. Black- There are two types of black, fading black and jet black. Three types - Dark bay, blood bay, light bay and just bay. Bay- From light brown to very dark brown with black mane and tail with black points.

A true Appaloosa is actually a breed, not a color. There are different patterns: blanket- white blanket that typically starts around or behind withers with dark spots mostly over the hips, snowflake - solid with white spots over hips, and leopard - which is white with dark spots over all the coat. Appaloosa - a breed of horse with spots, any color mixed with white. yearling - male or female horse one to two years old.

weanling - a young horse that has just been weaned from their mother (usually 6 months or a little older). stallion - adult, male horse that is able to produce offspring. shelt or shelty - a Shetland pony. School Horse/Pony- A horse owned by a riding academy.

pony - equine 14.2 hh or less (58 inches, 1.47 metres). The word being derived from the latin for 'light horse'. palfrey - a smooth gaited type, a riding horse, often used incorrectly to mean a woman's horse, but in fact, was ridden by knights and ladies and instead refers to the light build of the riding horses body. nag - A rude term used to describe old horses, 'ugly' horses (but beauty is only skin deep) or skinny, sickly horses.

According to BLM, though, a mustang is an unclaimed, unbranded, free-roaming horse. mustang - a feral horse found in the western plains of North America. mare - adult female horse. jenny - a female donkey.

horse - adult equine of either sex over 14.2 hh (58 inches, 1.47 m). 10 cm). One hand is equal to 4 inches (appox. Hand - a unit of measuring used frequently to measure a horses height.

hackney - a specific breed of flashy, elegant driving pony. I'm going out on a hack.". eg. Generally used only by English-style riders.

Not a trail ride or schooling ride. hack - A horseback ride taken for the purpose of pleasure, either for horse or rider. green - a term used to describe an inexperienced horse. god dog - how the Apaches referred to horses.

gelding - a castrated male horse of any age. garron - small and disdained horse. foal - infant horse of either sex. filly - female horse from birth till the age of 4.

draught horse - heavy, muscular beast of burden. destrier - a heavy, strong medieval war horse not to be confused with a charger or palfrey. colt - an unaltered male horse from birth till the age of 4. cob - any horse of a short-legged, stout variety, with short legs, and a compact body, neck and back.

Charger - a medieval war horse of lighter build not to be confused with a destrier. Brumby - a wild or untrained Australian horse. Bronco - a wild, untamed horse, typically used in reference to the American mustang. Grevy's Zebra (Equus grevyi).

Plains Zebra (Equus quagga). Hartmann's Mountain Zebra (Equus hartmannae). Cape Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra). Kiang (Equus kiang).

Onager (Equus hemionus). Wild Ass (Equus africanus). Domesticated Donkey (Equus asinus). Przewalski's Horse (Equus ferus przewalskii).

Tarpan (Equus ferus ferus) (extinct). Wild Horse (Equus ferus)