Lille

Lille is part of the Lille Métropole Communauté urbaine (formerly also known as C.U.D.L.). Naples is politically divided in 10 Community Boards :. Lille was elected European Capital of Culture in 2004, along with the Italian city of Genoa. The majority of these Neapolitans who left Italy went to the Americas, especially the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Argentina. The project has finally been completed with modern architecture and disruption to the ancient city center. Naples has seen many of its children spread throughout the world, setting up 'Little Italies' in many countries. The Euralille urban development project, centred around the new TGV station has fostered a long debate among Lille's citizens. In 2004 the football team was declared bankrupt and has been subsequently reborn into the lower division of Serie C1 as 'Napoli Soccer'.

The urban area is one of the biggest in France with more than 1 million inhabitants. With the help of Diego Maradona, they achieved rare success in 1987 and in 1990 by winning the Scudetto, the UEFA Cup, Italian Super Cup and the Italian Cup. Lille has one of France's largest university student population with, depending on the information source, from 95,000 to 149,533 students in 2002-2003. Naples is the home of the underachieving soccer team Napoli. The Deûle connects to Northern Europe via the River Scarpe and the River Escaut (towards Belgium and the Netherlands), and internationally via the Lys (to Dunkerque and Calais). As well, Naples is near the volcanic area known as the Campi Flegrei and the port towns of Pozzuoli and Baia, which were part of the vast Roman naval facility, Portus Julius. The river Deûle is connected to regional waterways with over 680 km of navigatable waters. 79 eruption of Vesuvius) are also nearby.

Lille is the 3rd largest French river port after Paris and Strasbourg. The Roman ruins of Pompeii and Herculaneum (destroyed in the A.D. In terms of shipping, it ranks fourth, with almost 38,000 tonnes of freight which pass through each year. Sorrento and the Amalfi Coast are situated south of Naples. It is the 12th most frequented French airport in number of passengers:. The islands of Procida, (famously used as the set for much of il Postino), Capri and Ischia can all be reached quickly by hydrofoils and ferries. Lille Lesquin (http://www.lille.aeroport.fr/) International Airport is 15 minutes from the city center. Capodichino is the site of the Naples International Airport.

A sixth one, the A24, should link Amiens to Lille. There is also the Support Site, which consists mostly of housing and personnel support facilities, located in Gricignano di Aversa. Five autoroutes pass by Lille, the densest confluence of highways in France after Paris:. Naval Support Activity Naples, located in Capodichino is a major US Navy base which is responsible for the support and control of US Naval assets in the 6th Fleet area of responsibility, and Bagnoli, known as Joint Force Command South (formerly AFSOUTH, many Sailors still call it this) is a major NATO base, which is responsible for the coordination of NATO forces in the south European Region. There are 60 stations which go as far as the Belgian border. Naples is the site of three major military bases. Trains are only 26 m long (two linked cars) and are rubber-tired. There are also large catacombs in and around the city.

Line 2 is 32 km long with 43 stations, the first and longest automatic metro line in the world, opened May 16, 1983. You can visit approximately one kilometer of the many kilometers of tunnels under the city. The VAL system (véhicule automatique léger = light automated vehicle) is a driverless metro. Subterranean Naples consists of old Greco-Roman reservoirs dug out from the soft tufo stone on which, and from which, the city is built. It has two train stations, which stand next door to each other: the Lille-Europe station (Gare Lille-Europe) and the Lille-Flandres station (Gare Lille-Flandres). Guided tours operate around the Stratification of Naples which shows the city through the layers laid down across history. Lille is an important crossroads in the European TGV network: it lies on the Eurostar line to London and the Thalys network to Paris, Brussels, Amsterdam and Cologne. Other notable monuments are:.

A former major textile manufacturing center, Lille forms the heart of a larger conurbation, regrouping Lille, Roubaix and Tourcoing, which is France's 4th-largest urban conglomeration with a 1999 population of over 1.1 million. Naples is the home of the Teatro di San Carlo, the oldest active opera house in Europe, which opened its doors on November 4, 1737. Lille tried an unsuccessful bid for the organization of the Games of the XXVIIIth Olympiad in 2004. The Museo Archeologico Nazionale Napoli contains a large collection of Roman artifacts from Pompeii and Herculaneum as well as the Farnese Marbles, some of the greatest surviving Roman statues, an amazing numismatical collection; The Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte contains art collections including works by Michelangelo, Raphael, Botticelli and Caravaggio. In 1994 the "Grand Palais" was also opened. It contains an aquarium which is possibly Europe's oldest and is favoured by the locals for family walks on Sunday mornings. The Euralille Center was opened in 1994, and the remodeled district is now full of parks and modern buildings containing offices, shops, and apartments. La Villa Comunale (formerly a royal park) has been refurbished and stretches along the seafront in the smarter western end of the city.

Work on Euralille, an urban remodeling project, began in 1991. There are, however, many attractions within the city. This, followed by the opening of the Channel Tunnel in 1994, then the arrival of the Eurostar train, puts Lille in the center of a triangle connecting Paris, London, and Brussels. Naples itself is less visited than some of the surrounding attractions. In 1993, a high-speed TGV train line was opened, connecting Paris with Lille in one hour. Naples is also known for its ice cream (in Italian gelato). In 1983, the VAL, the world's first automated subway, was opened. Another typical Neapolitan pastry is the Sfogliatella (riccia or frolla).

From the start of the 1980s, the city began to turn itself more towards the service sector. It is always combined with boiled rice. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the region was faced with some problems after the decline of the coal, mining and textile industries. The ingredients are typically annealed grain, eggs, and sometimes cream. In 1967, the Chambers of Commerce of Lille, Roubaix, and Tourcoing were joined, and in 1969, the Communauté urbaine de Lille (Lille urban community) was created, linking 87 communes with Lille. The Pastiera is a cake with a complicated recipe, varying by the county in which it is prepared. Rationing came to an end in 1947, and by 1948, some normalcy had returned to Lille. Choux is a small "bubble" of leavened paste stuffed with light cream, usually coffee or chocolate flavored.

Following this, the Lille resistance managed to retake part of the city before the British tanks arrived. The babà (also known as savarin) is a mushroom-shaped piece of leavend sweet paste, soaked with an orange flavoured mixture of ron|ruhm and water. On September 3rd, the German troops began to leave Lille, fearing the British, who were on their way from Brussels. Naples offers several kinds of unique pastry, the most famous of which is perhaps the babà, followed by choux (Neapolitans write it as sciù) and the Pastiera, a cake prepared for Easter. The départments of Nord and Pas-de-Calais (with the exception of the coast, notably Dunkerque) were, for the most part, liberated in five days, from the 1st to 5th September 1944 by British, American, Canadian, and Polish troops. Often one can get another version of melanzane alla parmigiana with an addition of mozzarella cheese. Although Lille was part of the zone under control of the German commander in Brussels, the city was never controlled by the Vichy government. Another excellent Campanian dish found in Naples is melanzane alla parmigiana, which is fried slices of aubergine (eggplant) gratinéed with tomato sauce and parmesan cheese.

When Belgium was invaded, the citizens of Lille, still marked by the events of World War I, began to flee the city in large numbers. Naples is also famous for its pasta dishes, where spaghetti is often served with sugo di pomodoro, a tomato sauce which gets its full flavour from sun-ripe Campanian San Marzano tomatoes. Lille was taken by the Germans in May 1940, after brief resistance by a Morrocan Infantry division. La vera pizza ("true pizza") should be made in a wood-burning oven similar to a Tandoori oven. In 1936, the city's mayor, Roger Salengro, became Minister of the Interior of the Popular Front, eventually killing himself after right-wing groups led a slanderous campaign against him. The pizza was named after it was served to Queen Margherita when she visited the city. From 1931 Lille felt the repurcussions of the Great Depression, and by 1935 a third of the city's population lived in poverty. It is the birthplace of the Pizza Margherita, which traditionally is made with mozzarella cheese, pomodoro (tomato) and basil - each representing the red, white, and green of the Italian flag.

In July 1921, at the Pasteur Institute in Lille, Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin discovered the first antituberculosis vaccine, known as BCG ("Bacille de Calmette et Guérin"). Naples is by tradition the home of pizza. The general was made an honorary citizen of Lille on October 28th of that year.
. Lille was liberated by the British on October 17th 1918, when General William Birdwood and his troops were welcomed by joyous crowds. see main article History of Naples. When the Germans realized they had been tricked, they burned down an entire section of town, subsequently occupying the city. .

Despite the deception, the German bombardments destroyed over 2,200 buildings and homes. The city is served by Naples International Airport. From October 4th to 13th, 1914, the troops in Lille were able to trick the enemy by convincing them that Lille possesed more artillery than was the case; in reality, the city had only a single cannon. The metropolitan area of Naples is second in Italy by population, with over 4,400,000 inhabitants. The entire region had grown wealthy thanks to the mines and to the textile industry. Neapolitan is a colourful, rich italian dialect- known in Naples as Napulitano. By 1912, Lille's population was at 217,000: the city profited from the Industrial Revolution, particularly via coal and the steam engine. It is rich in historical, artistic and cultural traditions and gastronomy.

In 1896 Lille became the first city in France to be led by a socialist, Gustave Delory. Napoli is where pizza originally came from. Lille's population was 158,000 in 1872, growing to over 200,000 by 1891. It is located just halfway between the Vesuvius volcano and a separate volcanic area, the Campi Flegrei, all part of the Campanian volcanic arc. In 1858, an imperial decree led to the annexation of the adjacent towns of Fives, Wazemmes, and Moulins. The city has a population of about 1 million, and together with its suburbs, the urban area has 4.4 million inhabitants (Neapolitans). In 1853, Alexandre Desrousseaux composed his famous lullaby Dors mon p'tit quinquin. Naples (Italian Nàpoli, Neapolitan Napule, from Greek Νέα Πόλις - Néa Pólis - meaning "New City"; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of Campania Region and the Province of Naples.

The city was known for its cotton, and the nearby towns of Roubaix and Tourcoing worked wool.
. At the beginning of the 19th century, Napoleon I's continental blockade against the United Kingdom led to Lille's textile industry developing itself even more fully. 10 : Bagnoli and Fuorigrotta. In 1846, a rail line connecting Paris and Lille was built. 9 : Pianura and Soccavo. The city continued to grow, and by 1800 held some 53,000 residents, leading to Lille becoming the county seat of the Nord départment in 1804. 8 : Chiaiano, Piscinola-Marianella and Scampia.

The "Column of the Goddess", erected in 1842 in the "Grand-Place", is a tribute to the city's resistance, led by Mayor François André. 7 : Miano, S.Pietro a Patierno and Secondigliano. In the aftermath of the French Revolution, the Austrians, then in the United Provinces, laid siege to Lille. 6 : Barra, Ponticelli and S.Giovanni a Teduccio. In 1790, the city held their first municipal elections. 5 : Arenella and Vomero. Throughout the 18th century, Lille remained profoundly Catholic, which explains why the city did not really take part in the French Revolution, though there were riots and the destruction of churches. 4 : S.Lorenzo, Vicaria and Poggioreale-Zona Industriale.

During five years, from 1708 to 1713, the city was occupied by the Dutch, during the War of the Spanish Succession. 3 : Stella and S.Carlo all'Arena. A number of important public works undertaken between 1667 and 1670, such as the Citadel (erected by Vauban), or the creation of the quartiers of Saint-André and la Madeleine, enabled the King to gain the confidence of his Flemish subjects. 2 : Avvocata, Montecalvario, S.Giuseppe, Porto, Mercato and Pendino. In 1667, King Louis XIV (the Sun-King) successfully laid siege to Lille, resulting in it becoming French in 1668 under the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, provoking discontent among the citizens of the prosperous city. 1 : Chiaia, Posillipo and S.Ferdinando. At the same time (1581), at the call of England's Queen Elisabeth I , the north of the Spanish Netherlands, having gained a Protestant majority, successfully revolted and formed the United Provinces. Giuseppe Migliozzi General (military).

The Hurlus were notably held back by the legendary Jeanne Maillotte. Sophia Loren actress. They were removed four months later by a Catholic Wallon regiment, after which they tried several times between 1581 and 1582 to take the city of Lille, all in vain. Raffaele Viviani. In 1578, the Hurlus, a group of Protestant rebels, stormed the castle of the Counts of Mouscron. Giambattista Vico philosopher. The first Calvinists appeared in the area in 1542; by 1555 there was anti-Protestant repression taking place. Domenico Antonio Vaccaro sculptor, architect and painter.

The 16th century was marked, above all, by the outbreak of the Plague, a boom in the regional textile industry, and the Protestant revolts. Massimo Troisi actor. The city remained under Spanish rule until the reign of Philip IV of Spain. Massimo Stanzione. At the end of the reign of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Spanish Flanders fell to his eldest son, and thus under the rule of Philip II of Spain, King of Spain. Matilde Serao journalist and novelist. In 1477, at the death of the last duke of Burgundy, Charles le Téméraire, Marie de Bourgogne married a Hapsburg, Maximilian of Austria, who thus became Count of Flanders. Domenico Scarlatti.

There the Duke and his court undertook an oath to Christianity. Edoardo Scarfoglio. On February 17, 1454, one year after the taking of Constantinople by the Turks, Philippe le Bon organised a Patagruelian banquet at his Lille palace, the still-celebrated "Banquet of the Pheasant's Vow". Antonio Scarfoglio. Philippe le Bon, Duke of Burgundy, was even more powerful than the King of France, and made Lille an administrative and financial capital. Jacopo Sannazaro. By 1445, Lille counted some 25,000 residents. Ferdinando Sanfelice.

Lille thus became one of the three capitals of said Duchy, along with Brussels and Dijon. Raffaele Sacco poet and lyricist. The county of Flanders fell to the Duchy of Burgundy next, after the 1369 marriage of Marguerite de Male, Countess of Flanders, and Philippe II le Hardi, Duke of Burgundy. Venerable Ludovico Sabbatini, religious teacher and priest. Lille fell under the rule of France from 1304 to 1369, after the battle of Mons-en-Pévèle. Andrea Sabbatini, Renaissance painter. The rule of Flanders and Hainaut thus fell to her sister, Marguerite of Flanders, then to Marguerite's brother, Guy de Dampierre. Vincenzo Russo politcal philosopher.

The Countess died in 1244 in the Abbey of Marquette, leaving no heirs. Ferdinando Russo poet, journalist and writer. It was in her honor that the hospital of the Regional Medical University of Lille was named "Jeanne of Flanders Hospital" in the 20th century. Salvator Rosa poet, satirist and Baroque era painter. On February 6th, 1236, she founded the Countess's Hospital, which remains one of the most beautiful buildings in Old Lille. Basilio Puoti. In 1235, Jeanne granted a city charter by which city governors would be chosen each All Saint's Day by four commissioners chosen by the ruler. Giovanni Pontano.

Count Ferrand died in 1233, and his daughter Marie soon after. Giovanni Battista Pergolesi. In 1226 the King agreed to free Ferrand of Portugal. Giovanni Paisiello. He unmasked the imposter, who Countess Jeanne quickly had hanged. Domenico Morelli painter. She called her cousin, Louis VIII ("The Lion"). Giovan Battista Marino.

He pushed the kingdoms of Flanders and Hainaut towards sedition against Jeanne in order to recover his land. Alfonso Maria de' Liguori jurist and writer (Catholic saint). In 1224, the monk Bertrand of Rains, doubtlessly encouraged by local lords, tried to pass himself off as Baldwin I of Constantinople (the father of Jeanne of Flanders), who had disappeared during battle in Andrinople. Pirro Ligorio, mannerist architect. They say she was well-loved by the residents of Lille, who by that time numbered 10,000. Ruggero Leoncavallo. Count Ferrand of Portugal was imprisoned and the county fell into dispute: it would be his wife, Jeanne, Countess of Flanders and Constantinople, who ruled the city. Giuseppe Patroni Griffi screenwriter.

The counts of Flanders, Boulogne, and Hainaut came together with England and the Holy Roman Empire of Germany and declared war on France and King Philippe Auguste, a war that ended with the French victory at Bouvines in 1214. Giacinto Gigante. In 1144 Saint Sauveur parish was formed, which would give its name to the modern-day quartier saint Sauveur. Luca Giordano. From the 12th century, the fame of the Lille cloth fair began to grow. Vincenzo Gemito sculptor. It is in this context that the city was created. Gaetano Filangieri jurist.

After the destruction caused by Norman and Hungarian invasion, the eastern part of the region fell under the eyes of the area princes. Armando Diaz general and politician. From 830 until around 910, the Vikings invaded Flanders. Salvatore di Giacomo writer, poet and lyricist. The original inhabitants of this region were the Celts, who were followed by the Menapiens, the Morins, the Atrébates, and the Verviens, Germanic tribes. Enrico De Nicola jurist, journalist and politician. The region of Flanders thus extended to the left bank of the River Escaut, one of the most rich and properous regions of Europe. Titina De Filippo actress.

The Count of Flanders controlled a number of old Roman cities (Boulogne, Arras, Cambrai) as well as some founded by the Carolingians (Valenciennes, Saint-Omer, Gand, Brugge, Anvers). Peppino De Filippo actor. This name was used for the Count of Flanders' castle (Château du Buc), built on dry land in the middle of the marsh. Eduardo De Filippo writer and actor. The name Lille comes from insula or l'Isla, since the area was at one time marshy. Antonio de Curtis (Totò) writer and actor. Although the first mention of the town appears in archives from the year 1066, some archeological digs seem to show the area as inhabited by as early as 2000 BCE, most notably in the modern-day quartiers of Fives, Wazemmes, and Old Lille. Vincenzo Cuoco political philosopher.

The legend of "Lyderic and Phinaert" puts the foundation of the city of "L'Isle" at 640. Benedetto Croce philosopher. It thus became a central part of the country's rail network. Enrico Caruso. In the 19th century Lille became the centre of French industry due to the large nearby coal deposits. Renato Carosone.
. Battistello Caracciolo.

. Al Capone (born in Brooklyn to Neapolitan parents). The whole metropolitan area of Lille, both on French and Belgian territory (Kortrijk) was estimated in 2000 at around 1,730,000 inhabitants, ranking as one of the major metropolitan areas of Europe. Giordano Bruno. Their combined population at the 1999 census was 212,597 inhabitants. Libero Bovio. The city of Lille absorbed Lomme on February 27, 2000. Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

It lies near the border with Belgium and its Dutch name is Rijsel. Giambattista Basile poet, courtier, and fairy tale collector. It is also the préfecture (capital) of the Nord département. Thomas Aquinas. It is the capital of the Nord-Pas de Calais région. Enrico Alvino architect. Lille is a city in northern France on the Deûle River. Pozzuoli.

¹ Including the annexed communes of Hellemmes and Lomme
² Only the part of the metropolitan area on French territory
³ Including the part of the metropolitan area on Belgian territory (Mouscron, Kortrijk, etc.). Positano. Martine Aubry (1950~), deputy, minister, and Mayor of Lille. Sorrento. Pierre Mauroy (1928~), deputy, senator, Prime Minister of France, and Mayor of Lille. Procida. Madeleine Damerment (1917-1944), French Resistance fighter - Legion of Honor, Croix de Guerre, Médaille combattant volontaire de la Résistance. Capri.

Augustin Laurent (1896-1990), minister, deputy, resistance fighter, and Mayor of Lille. Ischia. Roger Salengro (1890-1936), minister, deputy, and Mayor of Lille. church of San Domenico Maggiore. Charles de Gaulle (1890-1970), general, resistance fighter, President of France. church of Gesù Nuovo ("new Jesus"). Achille Liénart (1884-1973), « cardinal des ouvriers ». church of Santa Maria Donna Regina.

Louis Faidherbe (1818-1889), general, founder of the city of Dakar and senator. church of San Lorenzo Maggiore. Jeanne Maillotte, (circa 1580), resistance fighter during the Hurlus attacks. church of Santa Chiara. Jeanne de Flandre, (1188/1200? -1244), Countess. Januarius. Lydéric, (620-?) legendary founder of the city. Cathedral of St.

Gilles Béhat (1949~), actor and director. Piazza del Plebiscito. Philippe Noiret (1930~), actor. Palazzo Reale. Yvonne Furneaux (1928~), actress. Castel Nuovo with the Arch of Triumph of Alfonso I. Alain Decaux (1925~), television presenter, minister, writer, and member of the Académie Française. Castel dell'Ovo.

Raoul de Godewaersvelde (1928-1977), singer. Léopold Simons (1901-1979), poet, caricaturist, painter, sculptor. Robert Arnoux (1899-1964), actor. Renée Adorée (1898-1933), actress.

Julien Duvivier (1896-1967), director. Line Dariel (1886-1956), comedian. Émile Bernard (1868-1941), neoimpressionist painter and friend of Paul Gauguin. Albert Samain (1858-1900), poet.

Pierre Degeyter (1848-1932), worker and composer of the music of the Internationale. Carolus-Duran (1837-1917), painter. Antoine Renard (1825-1872), composer (Temps des cerises). Édouard Lalo (1823-1892), composer.

Alexandre Desrousseaux (1820-1892), songwriter. Jean Perrin (1870, 1942), Nobel Prize in physics and creator of the French CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research). Albert Calmette (1863 - 1933) and Camille Guérin (1872-1961), discovery of the antituberculosis vaccine. Alfred Mongy (1840-1914), modernizer of the city.

Auguste Scalbert (1815, 1899), creator of the first Nordiste bank. Antoine Scrive-Labbe (1789-1864), industrialist in the textile field and French spy. Charles Joseph Panckoucke, (1736-1788), founder of the Moniteur Universel, owner of Mercure de France, promoter of the Lumières and editor of the Encyclopédie Méthodique. almost 873,000 passengers in 2003.

around 970,000 passengers in 2001. Autoroute A22 : Lille - Anvers - Netherlands. Autoroute A25 : Lille - Dunkerque - Calais - England. Autoroute A1  : Lille - Arras - Paris / Reims - Lyon.

Autoroute A23 : Lille - Valenciennes. Autoroute A27 : Lille - Tournai - Brussels / Liège - England.