IPod

Apple has promoted the iPod and iTunes brands in several successful advertising campaigns, a large number of which are part of their series of silhouette commercials. The following fictional characters appear to have been, at least in part, patterned after Hughes:. iPod sales according to Apple's quarterly financial results:. Although Moore never produced proof of a marriage (and married five more times, while Hughes married Jean Peters), her book, The Beauty and the Billionaire, became a best-seller. iPod sales according to Apple's yearly financial results:. In 1984, Hughes' estate paid an undisclosed amount to Terry Moore, who claimed to have been secretly married to Hughes on a yacht in international waters off Mexico in 1949 and never divorced. ^[39]. Suits brought by the states of California and Texas claiming they were owed inheritance tax were both rejected by the court.

Sales by Hewlett-Packard made up 5% of all iPod sales. Supreme Court ruled that Hughes Aircraft was owned by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, who sold it to General Motors in 1985 for $5 billion. In July of 2005, HP reversed its decision and announced they would stop reselling the iPod by September 2005, when existing stock were projected to be depleted. The U.S. Retailers of this model included (among others) the retail giant Wal-Mart, which included a disclaimer explaining that it would not work with its own online music service. Although it now appears that the "Mormon Will" may very well have been authentic, it is too late to change the verdict in the original trial since the statute of limitations has long since expired. The HP models were the same as the Apple iPod except for the inclusion of an "HP" logo on the back under the Apple logo and "iPod" label They were sold as the "Apple iPod + hp". The location where Dummar claimed to have picked up Hughes is 6 miles south of the Cottontail Ranch.

On January 8, 2004, Hewlett-Packard announced that they would license the iPod from Apple to create an HP-branded digital audio player based on the iPod. Howard Harrell stated that he convinced his wife not to come forward during the trial since it might bring unwanted publicity. ^[38]. Beverly Harrell had wanted to come forward during the "Mormon Will" trial, and testify that Howard Hughes had been in the same general area and same time that Dummar claimed to have picked him up in the desert. Most recently, Apple shipped 14.04 million iPods during the quarter that ended on December 31, 2005, a 207% increase over the same quarter one year prior. Howard Harrell stated that his wife had told him of Hughes' visits to the Cottontail Ranch. ^[37] Apple shipped 6.16 million iPods during the quarter that ended on June 25, 2005, a 616% increase over the same quarter in 2004. The third witness is Howard Harrell, the widower of Madam Beverly Harrell, who ran the Cottontail Ranch in 1967.

In its first quarter results of 2006, Apple reported earnings of $565 million — its highest revenue in the company's history. Unable to locate Hughes, Deiro eventually flew back to Las Vegas alone, and learned later that Hughes somehow had made it back to the Desert Inn. In other countries, the iPod market share is significantly lower, mostly due to high import taxes and less ubiquitous marketing, so flash memory players, or hard disk based players from competitors like Creative are dominant. While waiting for Hughes, Deiro fell asleep and later awoke only to learn that Hughes had left the Cottontail Ranch a few hours earlier. That is why Flash players at the beginning of 2005 account for less than half the US market share they did in 2004 (their market share decreasing from 62% in January 2004 to 29% in January 2005 [36]). Guido Roberto Deiro, a former pilot for Hughes Tool Company, stated that between Christmas and New Years during 1967 he flew Hughes in a Cessna 206 to a brothel called the Cottontail Ranch located in the same general area where Dummar claims to have picked up Hughes. Therefore, Apple succeeded in chipping away at the mainstream Flash player market in the US. John Meier, a former Hughes employee entrusted with the purchase of various mining properties, stated that Hughes left the Desert Inn Hotel on different occasions to visit mine sites in the same general area where Dummar claims to have picked up Hughes.

This success was especially based on the introduction of the iPod mini. Agent Gary Magnesen, supports Dummar's claims and brings to light three new witnesses. Within one year from January 2004 to January 2005, its US market share tremendously increased by 34% from 31% to 65%. A 2005 book titled "The Investigation", written by retired F.B.I. [35] According to the latest financial statements, iPod's market share accounts for 74% in the US in July 2005. Melvin and Howard starring Jason Robards and Paul Le Mat is based on Dummar's tale. ^[34] The iPod currently dominates the digital audio player market in the US, frequently topping best-seller lists. The estate was eventually split between 22 cousins in 1983.

Fortune magazine reported on June 27, 2005 that Apple had sold over 15 million iPods, including 5.3 million in the first quarter of that year. The Mormon Will was one of 40 "wills" filed by 400 people claiming to be Hughes's heirs. This equates to 100 iPods sold every minute throughout the quarter. He claimed a "mysterious man" gave him a document with instructions to deposit it at the LDS office. At the Macworld Expo keynote speech[33] on January 10, 2006, Apple CEO Steve Jobs reported sales of over 42 million iPods total, and 14 million in the first quarter of fiscal year 2006. After saying he knew nothing about the Mormon Will, mounting evidence forced Dummar to admit that he lied. Sites like iLounge and The Apple Collection have parts of their sites devoted to iPod concepts, things varying from completely touch screen iPods to iPods that include an integrated mobile phone. The court also declared Hughes died intestate.

iPod design is also a part of this ecosystem. The Mormon Will was rejected by a Nevada court in June 1978 as a forgery. Along with the introduction of the nano they also introduced nano tubes (most likely a joke on nanotubes), a silicone case with no screen, dock connector, or headphone port protection, but a cover over the click wheel, and the hold switch. Dropping him off at the Sands Hotel, Dummar said the man told him he was Hughes. Apple themselves even make some. The man asked for a ride to Las Vegas. There are a host of different types and brands, all different for each iPod owners different needs. Highway 95, 150 miles (250 kilometers) north of Las Vegas.

Some are silicone, others are hard plastic, some you can't even reach the controls through. Dummar, who had appeared on Let's Make a Deal, among other game shows, claimed to reporters that late one evening in December 1967, he found a disheveled and dirty man lying along U.S. Kate Spade, iSkin, Speck, Incase, and Chums all produce these cases. The "Mormon Will" gave a gas-station owner named Melvin Dummar a 1/16th share of Hughes's $2 billion estate. People buy these accessories not only to protect their iPods but also to make fashion statements. A holographic will was soon found on the desk of an official of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City. Besides technological peripherals there are also cases. Speculation became rampant that he may have written a holographic will.

Other companies (most notably Griffin Technology) make add-ons that allow your iPod to record your voice, charge your iPod on the go, play your tunes over the radio, or use your iPod wirelessly with a remote. After Hughes' death, an intensive search began for his will, but one could not be found. Companies such as JBL, Bose, Altec Lansing, and Kensington all make speakers that are designed specifically to work with the iPod, using the iPod's thirty pin dock connector. The last car Howard Huges ever owned, a 1953 Buick Roadmaster Sedan, customized with a dust and air filter in the trunk, sold on Barrett-Jackson Collector Car Auction for $1,500,000. A host of different companies produce accessories that are designed to work with the iPod. Howard Hughes is interred in the Glenwood Cemetery in Houston. The large accessories market that has built up around the iPod is sometimes described as the iPod ecosystem. Hughes was in extremely poor physical condition at the time of his death; X-rays revealed broken-off hypodermic needles still embedded in his arms.

Arguing that the cheap songs from iTMS have contributed significantly to the iPods' great success, record labels are also seeking a share of profits from the iPod division itself and they hope to accomplish this by putting pressure on Apple to differentiate between "hot singles" and "golden oldies." Jobs responded by accusing the record industry of being greedy [26]. A subsequent autopsy determined kidney failure as the cause of death. Aside from the controversial iPod-exclusive AAC format of audio files, SonyBMG and Warner Music who had initially signed on with Apple have lately complained that they have been undercharged for the value of their songs due to iTMS's flat fee. Years of severe self-neglect had made him practically unrecognizable, and the FBI had to resort to fingerprint identification to identify the body. Steve Jobs has stated "We would like to break even (or) make a little bit of money (on the iTunes Music Store) but it's not a money maker." The role of the iTMS is not to sell songs, but rather to promote the sale of iPods by offering owners a convenient service for music. Hughes died on April 5, 1976, at the age of 70 while en route on an airplane from his penthouse in Mexico to Methodist Hospital in Houston. Yet Realnetworks has continued to update the technology allowing iPod owners to download purchased music from RealNetworks music store. Irving later spent fourteen months in jail.

For a short time in 2004, RealNetworks had advertised that tracks purchased from their RealPlayer Music Store could be played on an iPod through the use of their Harmony technology; however, an iPod update released at the time of the iPod photo launch disabled files created by Harmony. Prior to the book's publication, however, Hughes (in a rare telephone conference) finally denounced Irving, and the entire project was eventually exposed as a hoax. Microsoft and RealNetworks have accused Apple of using iPod, the iTunes Music Store, and FairPlay to lock iPod users into using iTunes exclusively (and vice versa), creating a vertical monopoly. Hughes was such a reclusive figure that he hesitated in coming out to publicly refute Irving's statement, leading many people to place faith in the truth of Irving's claim. No portable music player other than the iPod can play the DRM-enabled files sold on the iTMS, and the iPod cannot play files protected with other DRM technologies, such as Microsoft's DRM format or RealNetwork's Helix-DRM system. In 1972, author Clifford Irving created a media sensation when he claimed to have co-written an authorized autobiography of Howard Hughes. However, the files can also be burned to CD, at which time those DRM restrictions are removed. was ordered by President Nixon's aides with the intention of recovering potentially damaging papers documenting payments from Hughes to Nixon and establishing an apparent connection between Hughes and the Democratic Party (Larry O'Brien, the Democratic National Committee chairman whose office was broken into, had been a paid lobbyist for Hughes since 1968).

Apple encrypts the AAC audio files using the controversial FairPlay digital rights management (DRM) system, so that only authorized computers (up to five) and unlimited iPods can play them. According to some Watergate historians, the infamous 1972 burglary of Democratic headquarters in Washington, D.C. Advertised that any song was 99¢, the music bought from it can be uploaded onto the iPod and the store has become the dominant online music service, helping the sale of iPods. She would state only that she had not seen Hughes for several years before their divorce. Introduced on April 28, 2003 the iTunes Music Store (iTMS) is an online music store run by Apple and built into iTunes. Peters refused to discuss her life with Hughes, and declined several lucrative offers from big-name publishers and biographers. Another popular tool is vPod, a stand alone freeware tool for copying music from your PC to iPod. The usually untrusting Hughes surprised his aides when he did not insist on a confidentiality agreement from Peters as a condition of the divorce; aides reported that Peters was one of the few people Hughes never spoke ill of.

Some of the more notable examples are the ml iPod plugin for Winamp, that allows users to manage their iPod content through Winamp, and Anapod Explorer, produced by Redchair Software, which presents a Windows Explorer-like interface for managing the content on an iPod. She agreed to a lifetime alimony payment of $70,000 a year, adjusted for inflation, and waived all claims to Hughes' estate. Many of these third-party tools allows functionality not available through iTunes, such as the ability to copy music off the iPod back to the host PC. In 1971, he divorced Jean Peters; they had been living apart for several years. However, several third-party tools exists that addressed synchronization of the iPod. Many of the hotels in which he stayed were forced to undergo major renovations to repair the damage Hughes had caused to the premises. Apple Computer endorses only one official method for synchronizing with the iPod: iTunes. As he deteriorated, Hughes moved around to the Bahamas, Vancouver, London, and several other locations, always taking up residence in the top floor penthouse of his hotel and insisting on having the windows blacked out.

Additionally, many aftermarket stereo manufacturers Kenwood, Alpine, etc, have iPod integration solutions to allow one of their head units to control and play music from an iPod. His aides never offered the bribes, reporting to Hughes that Johnson had declined the offer, and that they had been unable to contact Nixon. Virtually any vehicle that has a factory CD changer controller port on the stereo can be integrated with an iPod using this kit. Johnson and Richard Nixon if they would shut down the open-air nuclear weapons testing program in Nevada (Hughes was afraid of the risk posed by the residual nuclear radiation). Using Peripheral Electronics' iPod2Car adaptor kit, an iPod can be thus integrated into many vehicles which wouldn't otherwise allow it. He even once ordered his aides to offer $1 million each to presidents Lyndon B. In 2006, this feature will also be available in other foreign cars (outside US): Japan: Lexus, Nissan, Mazda, Daihatsu, BMW, MINI, smart, and Alfa Romeo. Having bought up many of Las Vegas's major businesses, Hughes wielded enormous political and economic power in Nevada and was often able to influence the outcome of elections and ballot votes.

This feature will also be available in other cars soon: Audi, Chrysler, Dodge, Ferrari, Honda, Infiniti, Jeep, Nissan, and Volkswagen. A few days after the order arrived, Hughes announced he had grown tired of banana-nut and only wanted vanilla ice cream, with the consequence that his aides were distributing free banana-nut ice cream to their friends and family for years after the fact. This feature is only available in certain cars:. They put in a request for 350 gallons, the smallest amount the company could provide for a special order, and had it shipped from Los Angeles to Las Vegas. In some cars, music can be controlled through the steering wheel. Hughes once took a liking to Baskin Robbins' banana-nut ice cream, and his aides sought to secure a bulk shipment for him only to discover that Baskin-Robbins had discontinued the flavor. Not to be confused with "iPod your Car" which allows car integration on a personal car, iPod Car integration allows one to connect an iPod to a car, and listen to premade car playlists for the car, or the entire library through car speakers. In addition to supervising day-to-day business operations, they also went to great pains to satisfy Hughes's every bizarre whim.

Some reviews in the arstechnica.com showed that the battery in iPod nano is soldered in the mainboard and in the 5G iPod it is more difficult to be removed and "It's actually affixed to the metal backplate and sits above its own power management circuitry and right next the headphone port and its driver circuitry". Hughes' considerable business holdings were overseen by a small panel unofficially dubbed "The Mormon Mafia" on account of the many Latter-day Saints on the committee. The big question now is if the 5th Generation iPod battery can be replaced by users in the same manner as the other generations of iPod. A chronic insomniac, Hughes bought several local television stations (including KLAS-TV) so that there would always be something for him to watch in the early hours of the morning. These batteries often contain more capacity than the standard Apple batteries. He also purchased several other hotels/casinos (Castaways, New Frontier, The Landmark Hotel and Casino, Sands and Silver Slipper) from the Mafia, transactions which ultimately ended mob control of the city 's hotels and casinos. As a response to the battery problem, multiple 3rd parties [23] [24] [25] have appeared that are selling iPod battery replacement kits for one third of the price that Apple charges customers for a battery replacement. The elderly Howard Hughes moved with his entourage from hotel to hotel and from Beverly Hills to Boston to Las Vegas, where he eventually bought the Desert Inn after the proprietors threatened to evict him.

[22]. In reality, it was an overreaction by Hughes to the syphilis diagnosis; fearful of the germs which might be lingering on his clothing, he torched his entire wardrobe as well as every piece of linen in his house.). Some iPod users also defended Apple by pointing out that their iPods had lasted longer than 18 months, while other viewers suggested that the brothers had attacked Apple solely for the sake of publicity. (In the film The Aviator (2004), this incident is depicted as his response to his breakup with Katharine Hepburn. The movie depicted the Brothers vandalizing Apple ads in the New York City area with graffiti proclaiming that "iPod's unreplaceable battery lasts only 18 months." [21] The movie was widely linked and viewed, with much of the commentary failing to mention Apple's recent change in policy. His syphilis was also indirectly responsible for a bizarre episode in which Hughes burned all his clothes. The movie, called iPod's Dirty Secret, apparently made before the change in policy, expressed anger because the battery on their early model iPod had failed after eighteen months and Apple refused to replace it. After receiving medical treatment for his symptoms, Hughes was warned by his doctor not to shake hands for some time, and he avoided doing so for the rest of his life.

On November 21, 2003, a short film produced by iPod owners The Neistat Brothers was released on the Internet. The condition first manifested itself in the form of tiny blisters that erupted on his hands. [20]. Hughes had contracted syphilis as a young man, and much of the strange behavior at the end of his life — his well-documented aversion to handshaking, for example — has been attributed by modern biographers to the tertiary stage of that disease. On November 14, 2003, Apple quietly announced a battery replacement program that initially cost $99 [19] (now $59), and one week later offered users the option to extend the warranty of their iPods for $59. He insisted on using paper towels to pick up objects, that he could insulate himself from germs. This situation led to a small market for third-party battery replacement kits. Many biographies and fictionalized works have reported that he stored his urine in jars and wore Kleenex boxes as shoes, although it has been reported that he only did the latter once, as "protection" when a toilet flooded.

The official policy was that the customer should buy a refurbished replacement iPod, at a cost almost equivalent to a brand new iPod. Hughes by this time had become severely addicted to codeine, valium, and a number of other painkillers and was becoming increasingly frail. Compounding this problem, Apple would not replace worn-out batteries either. Toward the end of his life, his inner circle was largely composed of Mormons because he considered them trustworthy — even though he was not a member of the Latter Day Saint movement.[2]. This is unusually difficult for a consumer device, but at least half a dozen well-known rivals to the iPod have a similarly enclosed battery. Several doctors were kept in the house on a substantial salary, though Hughes rarely saw them and usually refused to follow their advice. The battery in all iPod models cannot be removed or replaced by the user without levering the unit open. Though he always kept a barber on call, Hughes only had his hair cut and nails trimmed about once a year.

Apple has published guidelines on its web site for maximizing the life of an iPod battery. Hughes eventually became a complete recluse, locking himself away in darkened rooms in a drug-induced daze. In other words, the battery will continue to have a useful life through the equivalent of five hundred complete discharges and recharges; through time and use, the life of the battery will generally decrease until eventually it is not able to power the iPod for more than a few minutes. He was reportedly so concerned by the matter as to write a detailed memorandum to the film crew on how to fix the problem. Like most lithium-based batteries, the iPod battery lasts roughly 500 full recharge cycles. While producing The Outlaw, Hughes became absorbed by a minor flaw in one of Jane Russell's blouses, claiming that the fabric bunched up along a seam and gave the appearance of two nipples on each of Russell's breasts. Apple designed the iPod with an internal lithium ion battery that users cannot easily replace (the first and second generation iPods used lithium polymer batteries). Hughes had displayed symptoms consistent with OCD his entire life: In the 1930s, close friends reported he was obsessed with the size of peas — one of his favorite foods — and used a special fork to sort them by size before he ate.

The nano originally wasn't shipped with these, but after the complaints Apple started bundling them with no price change. He was reported at different times to be terminally ill, mentally unstable, or possibly dead. For this reason Apple has started packaging both the nano and the 5th Generation iPod with cloth carrying cases which help to prevent scratches to the screen and body, both the plastic front and metal back, but do not provide unfettered access to the screen or controls. Once one of the most visible men in America, he ultimately vanished from public view altogether, although the tabloids continued to follow rumors regarding his behavior and whereabouts. There have been a number of complaints about the Nano's screen being too soft, resulting in it becoming easily scratched or even broken if put under any strain. By the late 1950s, if not earlier, Hughes developed debilitating symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The iPod nano is available in white and black, in both 2 GB (US$199) and 4 GB (US$249) configurations. The operation, known as Project Jennifer, became public in February 1975 because burglars had obtained secret documents from Hughes' headquarters in June 1974.

The click wheel is used to input the digits to the passcode. Two nuclear-tipped torpedoes and some cryptographic machines were recovered, along with the bodies of six Soviet submariners who were subsequently given formal burial at sea in a filmed ceremony. The screenlock option lets users set a 4 digit passcode for their iPod, and once the screenlock is activated the only buttons that can be pressed are the skip forwards and backwards and the play/pause buttons. This section is believed to have held many of the most sought after items, including its code book and nuclear missiles. The nano saves the user's stopwatch stats for multiple timing sessions, which is useful for comparing times. But during the recovery a mechanical failure in the ship's grapple caused half of the submarine to break off and fall to the ocean floor. While the timer is on, the Start button changes to a Lap button that allows the user to time individual laps. In the summer of 1974 Glomar Explorer attempted to raise the Soviet vessel.

The stopwatch feature allows users to press Start to start the timer, and the Stop button to stop. Hughes' involvement provided the CIA with a plausible cover story, having to do with civilian marine research at extreme depths, and the mining of undersea manganese nodules. The clocks can be set to adjust for Daylight Saving Time. Thus the Glomar Explorer, a special-purpose salvage vessel, was born. The world clock allows users to set the time in cities around the world, and set alarms for each time zone. He agreed. These features were new to the iPod operating system, including the addition of world clocks, a stopwatch, and a screenlock option. In 1972, Hughes was approached by the CIA to help secretly recover a Soviet submarine which had sunk near Hawaii four years before.

The iPod nano has several features that would later be included into the fifth generation iPod. During the 1970s, Hughes went back into the airline business, buying airline Air West and renaming it Hughes Airwest. The nano is the first dock connector iPod that cannot sync to any PC (Windows or Mac) via FireWire cable, though it can still be charged via a Firewire connection. In the same year, TWA's management sued its chairman Hughes because of differences in running the company; he was forced to sell his stock in TWA in 1966 for more than $500 million. It retains the standard 30-pin dock connector for compatibility with third-party peripherals. Hughes Space and Communications was founded in 1961. The headphone jack is located on the bottom. Shortly before the 1960 Presidential election, Richard Nixon was harmed by revelations of a $205,000 loan from Hughes to Nixon's brother that was never repaid.

It has a 65,536 color display that can show photographs, and connects to a computer via USB 2.0. On January 12, 1957, Hughes married actress Jean Peters; they divorced in 1971. Based on flash memory instead of a hard drive, the iPod nano is 0.27 inches (6.9 millimeters) thick, weighs 1.5 ounces (42 grams), and is 62% smaller by volume than its predecessor. It is America's second largest private foundation and the largest devoted to biological and medical research with a 2004 endowment of $12.4 billion. On September 7, 2005, Apple announced the successor to the iPod mini, the iPod nano. After his death in 1976, many thought that the balance of Hughes' estate would go to the institute, although it ultimately was divided among his cousins and other heirs, given the lack of a will to the contrary. or 22 g) and approximates in size to a pack of chewing gum (originally, the iPod shuffle website contained a footnote advising people not to eat the iPod shuffle like gum; it was later removed, possibly because several users photographed themselves with their iPod shuffles in their mouths.) Like the rest of the iPod family, iPod shuffle can operate as a USB mass storage device. The deal was the topic of a protracted legal battle between Hughes and the Internal Revenue Service which Hughes ultimately won.

The iPod shuffle weighs less than one ounce (0.78 oz. In 1953, Hughes launched the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Delaware, formed with the express goal of basic biomedical research including trying to understand, in Hughes' words, the "genesis of life itself." It was viewed by many as a tax haven for his wealth: Hughes gave all his stock of the Hughes Aircraft Company to the institute, thereby turning the defense contractor into a tax-exempt charity. Users can set iTunes to fill iPod shuffle with a random selection from their music library each time the device connects to the computer. The remainder of Hughes Aircraft was sold to Raytheon in 1998. The iPod shuffle has no screen and therefore has limited options for navigating between music tracks: users can play songs either in the order set in iTunes or in a random (shuffled) order. Portions of the company wound up with McDonnell Douglas, and eventually Boeing when those two companies merged. One review regards it as having one of the best-sounding audio systems of all the iPod models. After the war, Hughes fashioned his company Hughes Aircraft into a major defense contractor.

The shuffle has a SigmaTel processor. RKO was sold in 1955. Unlike other iPod models, iPod shuffle cannot play Apple Lossless or AIFF encoded audio files—possibly due to the iPod shuffle's smaller processing power. He interfered with production and even shut down shooting for weeks or months. The shuffle comes in two models: 512 MB (up to 120 4-minute songs encoded at 128 kbit/s) and 1 GB (up to 240). Hughes acquired RKO in 1948, a struggling major Hollywood studio. iPod shuffle introduced flash memory (rather than a hard drive) to iPods for the first time. The plane was on display alongside RMS Queen Mary in Long Beach, California for many years before being moved to McMinnville, Oregon, where it is now part of the Evergreen Aviation Museum.

Apple announced iPod shuffle at Macworld Expo on January 11, 2005 with the taglines "Life is random" and "Give chance a chance". government denied him the use of aircraft aluminum, which had been rationed, Hughes built the plane largely from birch in his Westchester, California facility to fulfill his contract. With the introduction of the iPod nano, the iPod mini was discontinued. Because the U.S. Also, the second generation iPod minis did not include the AC adapter or the FireWire cable bundled with previous models. Hughes was called to testify before the Senate War Investigating Committee to explain why the plane had not been delivered to the United States Army Air Forces during the war, but the committee disbanded without releasing a final report. In addition, they featured richer case colors (though Apple discontinued the gold color) and other minor aesthetic changes (the color of the lettering on the click wheel now matched the color of the iPod mini). government for use in World War II, but was not completed until after the war.

Most notably, both models featured an increased battery life of up to 18 hours. The plane was originally commissioned by the U.S. In February 2005, the second-generation [18] iPod mini came on the market with a new 6 GB model at $249 and an updated 4 GB model priced at $199. The Hercules flew only once (with Hughes at the controls) on November 2, 1947. Silver models sold best, followed by blue ones, while the least popular was the gold. One of his greatest endeavors was the H-4 Hercules, nicknamed the "Spruce Goose" (although its frame was built predominantly of birch), a massive flying boat completed just after the end of World War II. Apple initially made iPod mini devices available in five colors: silver, gold, blue, pink, and green. The trademark mustache he wore after the accident was meant to cover a scar on his upper lip resulting from the accident.

The center button still acted as a select button. Many attribute his long-term addiction to opiates to his use of morphine as a painkiller during his convalescence. iPod mini introduced the popular "click wheel" that was incorporated into later iPods: the touch-sensitive wheel means that users can move a finger around it to highlight selections on the screen, while the unit's Menu, Back, Forward, and Play/Pause buttons are part of the wheel itself, letting a user press down on part of the wheel to activate one of those functions. The injuries he sustained in the crash — including a crushed collar bone, six broken ribs and numerous third-degree burns — affected him for the rest of his life. Critics panned it as too expensive, but it proved to be overwhelmingly popular, and Apple Stores had difficulty keeping the model in stock. Durkin who happened to be in the area. It had 4 GB of storage and a price of $249 (at the time, only $50 below the 15 GB third-generation iPod). Hughes lay wounded beside the burning airplane until he was rescued by Marine master sergeant William L.

On January 6, 2004, Apple introduced the first iPod mini. When the plane finally skidded to a halt after mowing down three houses, the fuel tanks exploded, setting fire to the plane and a nearby home. The iPod mini was discontinued on September 7, 2005 after Apple announced it was to be replaced by the iPod nano, which was 62% smaller in size and included a color screen. Hughes tried to save the craft by landing it on the Los Angeles Country Club golf course, but seconds before he reached his attempted destination the plane started dropping dramatically and crashed in the Beverly Hills neighborhood surrounding the country club. iPod minis used Microdrive hard drives for storage. An oil leak caused one of the counter-rotating propellers to reverse its thrust, making the plane yaw sharply. Its smaller display had one less line than previous models, limiting the on-screen track identification to title and artist only, and not the album. Army spy plane XF-11 over Los Angeles.

The iPod mini had largely the same feature set as the full-sized iPod, but lacked support for some third-party accessories. Hughes was involved in a near-fatal aircraft accident on July 7, 1946, while piloting the experimental U.S. Apple entered the market for "mini"-form-factor digital audio players in January 2004, with the introduction of the iPod mini, competing directly with players like Creative's Zen Micro and Digital Networks Rio Carbon. The airline would grow significantly under his leadership. The price point remains the same as the fourth-generation model. In particular, Hughes helped specify the design of the Lockheed Constellation, with its pressurized cabin and distinctive tail, buying several planes for TWA in order to be able to fly high altitude (20,000 ft/6600 m) long distance routes above the turbulence of low altitude weather. The capacity of the iPod was increased to 30 GB from the previous 20 GB. Throughout the 1940s and into the 1950s, T&WA (which became Trans World Airlines) continued to bet on the most advanced planes available, largely due to Hughes' own interest in aircraft development.

The new Harry Potter iPod retains the laser engraved Hogwarts crest on back of the device and is sold with the "complete Harry Potter" (the first 6 books in the Harry Potter series). By doing so, Hughes became the principal stockholder of T&WA in April 1939. On October 12, 2005 Apple reintroduced the Harry Potter collectible iPod along with the update of the iPod line. He convinced Hughes, also enamored of avant-garde aircraft technology, to finance this purchase. A third-party addon will still be required in order to record audio on the iPod, as it was in previous generations. In 1938, William John Frye, a former Hollywood stunt flier and the first director of operations of Transcontinental and Western Air (T&WA), put in an order for the new 33-passenger Boeing 307 Stratoliner, the first commercial plane with a pressurized passenger cabin. Other notable improvements include the reduction of minor audio defects, such as hard drive noise being heard through the headphone jack, as well as an increase in recording quality to 44.1 kHz stereo, 22.05 kHz mono. Truman.

The fifth-generation iPod no longer supports file transfers via FireWire, but still supports charging using FireWire. According to his obituary in the New York Times, he never bothered to come to Washington to pick up the medal, and it was eventually mailed to him by President Harry S. One must purchase one separately in order to charge it from the AC. Hughes received many awards as an aviator, including the Harmon Trophy in 1936 and 1938, the Collier Trophy in 1939, the Octave Chanute Award in 1940, and a special Congressional medal for his round-the-world flight. Apple has also discontinued the inclusion of an AC adapter and FireWire cable. Hobby Airport in Houston, Texas, known at the time as Houston Municipal Airport, was re-named "Howard Hughes Airport," but the name was changed back after people objected to naming the airport after a living person. The fifth-generation iPod also comes with a thin slip case, most likely in response to many complaints concerning the iPod nano's easily scratchable surface. In 1938, the William P.

In addition, the earphones plug is smaller. For this flight he did not fly a plane of his own design but a Lockheed Super Electra (a twin engine plane with a four man crew). Like the iPod nano, it comes in two colors, white and black, and it features the World Clock, Stopwatch, and Screen Lock applications. On July 10, 1938 Hughes set another record by completing a flight around the world in just 91 hours (3 days, 19 hours), beating the previous record by more than four days. Griffin has, however, released a new version of the iTrip for the new iPod, which mounts to the dock connector on the bottom of the unit. The H-1 Racer influenced the design of a number of World War II fighter airplanes such as the Mitsubishi Zero, the Focke-Wulf FW190, and the F6F Hellcat.(see Wright Tools web site.) The H-1 Racer was donated to the Smithsonian in 1975 and is on display at the National Air and Space Museum. Gone from the fifth-generation iPod is the remote control accessory port, previously found beside the headphone port, meaning that accessories such as the Griffin iTrip will no longer work. The H-1 Racer featured a number of design innovations: It had retractable landing gear and all rivets and joints set flush into the body of the plane, to reduce drag.

The headphone jack has been moved from the center of the top to the right of the top, while the hold switch has been moved to the left side of the top. [1]. Apple has stopped using the click wheels used in the fourth generation iPod and iPod mini from their previous supplier, Synaptics Inc of San Jose, CA, and now uses an in-house solution. His average speed over the flight was 322 mph (515 km/h). The new click wheel is completely flat, unlike older models where the center button is slightly rounded. A year and a half later (January 19, 1937), flying a somewhat re-designed H-1 Racer, Hughes set a new trans-continental speed record by flying non-stop from Los Angeles to New York City in 7 hours, 28 minutes and 25 seconds (beating his own previous record of 9 hours, 27 minutes). The click wheel design is the same as the previous generation, but is marginally smaller than before. (The previous record was 314 mph (502 km/h).

Watching movies reduces that amount to 2 and 3 hours respectively. On September 13, 1935, Hughes, flying the H-1, set the world speed record of 352 mph (588 km/h) over his test course near Santa Ana, California. The reported battery life for the 30 GB is 14 hours and for the 60 GB is around 20 hours. The most important aircraft he designed was the Hughes H-1 Racer. It is also 30% thinner than the previous full-size iPod. He set many world records, and designed and built several aircraft himself while heading Hughes Aircraft. The screen size is now 2.5" (6.35 cm) diagonally, 0.5" larger than the previous iPod. Hughes was a lifelong aircraft enthusiast, pilot, and self-taught aircraft engineer.

It can also display video on an external TV using the iPod AV or S-video cables with the iPod Universal Dock [17], however video watched on a TV is often of poor quality due to the fact that iPod video can only play videos up to 480x480. Less-significant affairs are rumored to have occurred between Hughes and a long list of celebrities. It has a 65,536 color (16-bit) screen, [15] with a 320 x 240 QVGA transflective TFT display, and is able to display video on an external TV via the AV cable accessory [16], which plugs into the headphone minijack and splits into composite video and audio output connectors with RCA jacks. Jean Harlow accompanied him to the premiere of Hell's Angels, although it's uncertain if they were an item. However, the 30 and 60 GB versions differ in body thickness, the 30 GB version being slightly thinner. Bessie Love was a mistress during his first marriage. On October 12, 2005, Apple announced at the "One more thing..." [14] event, the fifth-generation iPod, which featured the ability to play MPEG-4 and H.264 video with resolutions of up to 480 x 480 (maximum pixel count of 230,400) and 320 x 240 (maximum pixel count of 76,800), respectively (videos purchased from the iTunes Music Store are limited to 320 x 240.) Some users have reported the ability to play widescreen resolutions up to 640x360 using MPEG-4 and 400x192 using H.264 (total pixel count is equal to the stated maximums) The new models are available in 30 and 60 GB capacities and are priced the same as the previous generation at $299 and $399 USD, respectively. Hughes was a notorious ladies' man, and allegedly had affairs with many famous women including Katharine Hepburn, Bette Davis, Gene Tierney, and Ava Gardner.

The only way to get a Harry Potter Collector's iPod is to buy it online [13] along with the complete set of Harry Potter audiobooks, at a combined price (as of October 25, 2005) of $548 USD. Greta Keller, Vienna-born cabaret singer and actress and Bacon's widow, claimed later that Bacon wanted to get out of his contract with Hughes and had been prepared to reveal intimate details about their relationship in order to secure a release from the studio. The iPod was launched along with the Harry Potter audiobooks on the iTunes Music Store. Bacon's murder the following year sparked an investigation which brought to light allegations of a supposed sexual affair between Bacon and Hughes which may have indirectly led to Bacon's death. [12]. He signed an unknown actor David Bacon in 1932 to play Billy The Kid. This model was superseded on October 12, 2005 with a fifth generation Harry Potter 30 GB Collector's iPod. Scarface and The Outlaw received attention from industry censors; Scarface for its violence, The Outlaw for Russell's physical charms.

On September 7, 2005, Apple released a limited-edition Harry Potter fourth-generation 20 GB iPod that featured a laser engraved Hogwarts crest on the back. Hughes's best-known film may be The Outlaw starring Jane Russell, for whom Hughes designed a special brassière. The U2 iPod was the last iPod to ship with Firewire connection cables and firmware, prompting some analysts to speculate about the future inclusion of Firewire interfaces on Apple products. He spent a then-unheard-of $4 million of his own money to make Hell's Angels, which he wrote and directed and which became a smash hit, along with his 1932 film Scarface (which he produced). On October 12, 2005, Apple discontinued the iPod U2 Special Edition with the introduction of the fifth-generation iPod. The Racket in 1928 and The Front Page in 1931 were nominated for Academy Awards. On June 28, 2005, at the same time as the announcement of the merger of the iPod and the iPod photo lines, Apple added a color screen and photo capabilities to the iPod U2 Special Edition while dropping the price to $329. However, his first two films released in 1927, Everybody's Acting and Two Arabian Knights were financial successes, the latter winning an Academy Award for Best Director of a Comedy Picture.

[11]. He was at first dismissed by Hollywood insiders as a rich man's son. It also included an iTunes Music Store coupon redeemable for $50 off of the price of The Complete U2, a "digital boxed set" featuring over 400 tracks of U2 music. Hughes used his fortune to become a movie producer. Originally retailing for $349, it had a black front with a red click wheel (the colors of U2's latest album, How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb), and featured the signatures of U2's band members engraved on the back. He then enrolled at the Rice Institute (later known as Rice University). On October 28, 2004, Apple released a black-and-red edition of the fourth-generation iPod called iPod U2 Special Edition. His father subsequently arranged for him to audit math and engineering classes at the California Institute of Technology.

To fix this problem, a small piece of cellophane wrap with a hole in it or a thin, non-conductive washer may be placed between the headphone jack and the plug. He attended the Fessenden School in West Newton, Massachusetts (near Boston), and the Thacher School in Ojai, California. The likely cause for this malfunction is that a small metal disk on the base of the earphone plugs makes electrical contact with the metallic back of iPod, tripping the detection mechanism. Despite attending many good schools, he never earned a diploma. This erroneous detection occurs with some third-party headphones (such as Sennheiser models), but users have also reported experiencing the problem with the supplied Apple earbuds. As a teenager, Hughes declared that his goals in life were to become the world's best golfer, the world's best pilot, and the world's best movie producer. A headphone contact switch, in coordination with iPod's auto-pause feature, is supposed to pause the music playback if the headphones are disconnected, but incorrectly detects that the headphones have been removed. He founded Hughes Tool Company to commercialize this invention.

These iPods have a glitch that causes them to pause on their own, despite the hold switch being activated. Hughes Sr., who invented the dual cone roller bit, which allowed rotary drilling for oil in previously inaccessible places. Popular optional accessories included the dock, a FireWire cable (which owners could use in lieu of USB), an iPod AV cable (to view photo albums on a TV set), and an iPod Camera Connector (to transfer and view images directly from a digital camera to an iPod). His parents were Allene Gano Hughes and Howard R. The new fourth-generation line of iPods/Color iPods came bundled with a USB cable and an AC adapter. Hughes was born in Houston, Texas, USA, on December 24, 1905. New Mac computers are bundled with iPhoto, while Windows users must either use the limited features within iTunes for Windows or purchase either of the Adobe products (a limited version of Adobe Album is available for download for free). .

To manage the photo library on iPod, Mac users use Apple's iPhoto software, while Windows users can use Adobe Photoshop Album or Elements, or use a limited set of features within the free iTunes for Windows software.
. Along with the new lineup, Apple also updated iTunes to version 4.9, which added podcasting capabilities to iTunes and to iPod. He is famous for building the Hercules airplane, commonly known as the Spruce Goose, and for his debilitating eccentric behavior later in life. Apple Computer — as well as prominent fan sites (such as iLounge) — continued to refer to this lineup as fourth-generation iPods. Howard Robard Hughes Jr. (December 24, 1905 – April 5, 1976) was at times an aviator, an engineer, an industrialist, a movie producer, a playboy, an eccentric and one of the wealthiest people in the world. The price of the 60GB iPod photo, now known as iPod 60GB, dropped from $449 to $399, and Apple discontinued the $349 30GB iPod photo model. The cello trio Rasputina wrote a song "Howard Hughes" which was included in their CD Thanks For The Ether; lead singer Melora Creager has an ongoing preoccupation with Hughes (see [4]).

On June 28, 2005, Apple Computer merged the iPod and iPod photo lines, [10] removing all monochrome models from the main iPod line, giving the 20GB iPod all of the capabilities of the former iPod photo line for $299, the same price as the previous monochrome version. The British punk rock band The Tights wrote a song "Howard Hughes" which was the title track of their "Howard Hughes" single. However, unlike the first iPod photos, the lower-priced 60GB and the new 30GB models lacked the dock, FireWire cable, carrying case, or AV cables (accessories valued at approximately $120). "Aint No Fun (Waiting Round To Be A Millionare)" by AC/DC contains lyrics at the end "Hey Howard, get your fuckin' jumbo jet off my airport!". On February 23, 2005, Apple discontinued the 40GB model; which included a FireWire & USB cable and a dock, introduced a lower-priced 30GB model; which included only a USB cable and no dock, and dropped the price of the 60GB model. "My shoes, they once were worn by Howard Hughes" from My Place a song by Dave Stewart of the Eurythmics on his album Sly-Fi. It originally came in 40GB and 60GB versions, which cost $499 and $599, respectively. Gary Numan said the suited visage he used for the "Dance" and "I,Assassin" albums were patterned in part after Howard Hughes, whom he identified as one of his heroes.

One millimeter thicker than the standard monochrome fourth-generation iPod, iPod photo could also play music for up to 15 hours per battery charge. An alternative recording was made for the John Peel show and released in 1995 on their "John Peel Sessions" album. Released on October 28, 2004, iPod photo (originally named iPod Photo — with a capital P for "Photo" — but renamed less than a month after its launch) featured a 220 x 176-pixel (maximum pixel count of 38,720), 16-bit color screen capable of displaying 65,536 colors, and the ability to store and display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG images. Industrial outfit 70 Gwen Party released a 1994 single called "Howard Hughes" on Snape records (cat no SR011). The monochrome fourth generation iPod, slightly thinner (about 1 mm less) than the third generation iPod, introduced the ability to charge the battery over a USB connection. Stan Ridgway's 1991 song "I Wanna Be a Boss" contains a reference to Howard Hughes as a role model for those who aspire to be eccentric, reclusive billionaires. It came in one of two sizes: 20 GB for $299 and 40 GB for $399 (Apple discontinued the 40 GB model in February 2005 and began solely selling a monochrome 20 GB version). Jim claims he is an undiscovered Howard Hughes.

Originally, the fourth generation iPod had a monochrome screen and no photo capabilities, like its predecessors. Jim Croce's song "Workin' at the Carwash Blues" contains a Howard Hughes reference. After many requests from users asking for these improvements to operate on earlier iPods as well, Apple on February 23, 2005, released a firmware update which brings the new menu items to first through third generation iPods. 1970s Christian rocker Larry Norman's song "Without Love" contains a reference to Howard Hughes. Other minor changes included the addition of a "Shuffle Songs" option on the top-level menu to make it more convenient for users. Sole, a notoriously anti-capitalist rapper, had a song titled "MC Howard Hughes" on his album Bottle of Humans. Apple also claimed that updated software in the new iPod allows it to use the battery more efficiently and increase battery life to 12 hours. 10cc namecheck Hughes in the hit song "Wall Street Shuffle", with the line "Oh, Howard Hughes, did your money make you better?".

Some users criticized the click wheel because it does not have the backlight that the third generation iPod's buttons had, but others noted that having the buttons on the compass points largely removed any need for backlighting. John Hartford's 1972 album Morning Bugle includes the song "Howard Hughes Blues" which describes his solitary life of "poor old Howard Hughes and all of his blues". In the most obvious difference from its predecessors, the fourth generation iPod carries over the click-wheel design introduced on the iPod mini. The final verse mentioned, "Often heard, seldom seen, Bargain Basement Howard Hughes, Hermit phase, a woodshed rage, these days headlines are few." Cantrell also made another Hughes/Staley reference on the Degradation Trip song "Pig Charmer" particuarly with the line: "Come on in, get high / Don't mind piss-filled bottles.". In a new publicity route, Steve Jobs announced it by becoming the subject of a Newsweek magazine cover. However, the song is actually about his former Alice in Chains bandmate Layne Staley. In July 2004, Apple released the fourth generation iPod. Jerry Cantrell, on the album Degradation Trip, wrote a song titled "Bargain Basement Howard Hughes".

Although past models proved widely popular, after the release of the third generation model Apple's iPod sales skyrocketed, with a combination of effective advertising and celebrity endorsement making iPods a fashionable item. The song "Reward" by British band The Teardrop Explodes includes the line "Live in solitude like Howard Hughes". When purchased through the online Apple Store, the iPod featured custom engraving: a purchaser could have two lines of text laser engraved on the back for free. The British shoegazer band Ride mentioned Howard Hughes in their song "Castle on the Hill"[3] In addition, they have a song titled "Howard Hughes" on their 1992 CD single Twisterella. The third generation iPod could not charge through USB 2.0 however). The British progressive rock band Genesis mentioned "Howard Hughes in blue suede shoes" in their song "Broadway Melody of 1974", part of the album The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway. These iPods also introduced Hi-Speed USB connectivity (with a separately sold USB adapter cable. It was originally on their album Point of Know Return.

Instead, all iPods now shipped with their hard drives formatted for Macintosh use; the included CD-ROM featured a Windows utility which could reformat them for use with a Windows PC. The band Kansas did a song about Howard Hughes, which they named "Closet Chronicles". With the third generation iPod, Apple stopped shipping separate Mac and Windows versions of the unit. The Boomtown Rats released the song "Me And Howard Hughes" on their record Tonic For The Troops in 1978. The touch-sensitive buttons, which build upon the touch-sensitive scroll wheel introduced in the second generation iPod, make the third generation iPod unique in that it has no external moving parts (other than the hold slider on the top of the unit) and is the first iPod that doesn't have its buttons surrounding the wheel. Leadbelly composed a folksong, "Howard Hughes", which accompanies the final credits of the film The Aviator. The new buttons featured red backlighting (controlled by the same preference as the screen backlight), allowing easier use in darkness. Portrayed by Terry O'Quinn in Disney's "The Rocketeer" (1991).

The third generation iPod featured touch-sensitive buttons located below the display. The fictional Derwent was a millionaire aviator and producer during the 1930's and 40's, and even takes credit for the design of a strapless bra worn in one of his movies. The iPod Dock came bundled with all but the least expensive iPod, and also retails separately. The character of Horace Derwent in Stephen King's The Shining is partially based on Hughes. This allows them to fit more easily into the new iPod Dock which Apple introduced at the same time. One character (Andrea) likens Hughes to 'a proto-Virek'. These iPods use a 30-pin connector called the Dock Connector — longer and flatter than a FireWire plug. In William Gibson's seminal science fiction novel Count Zero the key villain, industrialist Josef Virek, is identified with Hughes with respect to his wealth and reclusive nature.

Over the life of the third generation iPod series, Apple produced 10 GB, 15 GB, 20 GB, 30 GB, and 40 GB sizes. Incidentally, a 1982 production of this play in London landed actor Ian McDiarmid the role of Palpatine in the Star Wars films, as it showed that the then 37-year old actor could convincingly play much older characters. Slightly smaller than their predecessors, they had more distinctively beveled edges. The Sam Shepard play Seduced features a character named Harry Hackamore, modeled after Hughes. On April 28, 2003, Apple CEO Steve Jobs introduced an "ultrathin" iPod series. Melvin and Howard was spoofed on the sketch comedy series SCTV.. The second generation iPod came with carrying cases and wired remotes and it was the first generation that was compatible with Windows. The film introduces Hughes as a potential investor of Tucker's automobile line, although such claims are unsubstantiated.

Due to the new Toshiba hard drives, the 20 GB iPod slightly exceeded its first generation counterpart in thickness and weight, while the 10 GB model was slimmer. Dean Stockwell plays Hughes in the Francis Ford Coppola's biopic of automaker Preston Tucker, Tucker: The Man and His Dream. Introduced on July 17, 2002, at Macworld in 10 GB and 20 GB capacities, the second generation iPod replaced the mechanical scroll wheel of the original with a touch-sensitive, nonmechanical one (manufactured by Synaptics), termed a "touch wheel". Steven Carter's novel I was Howard Hughes is a "picture of a Hughes who might have been.". Perhaps somewhat an antique, the original iPod is very rare to find nowadays, as technology has, indeed, progressed to new possibilities. Hughes appears in James Ellroy's political crime novel American Tabloid, and sequel The Cold Six Thousand. Although superseded by nonmechanical "touch" and "click" wheels, the circular controller design has become a prominent iPod motif. Saturday Night Live presented a comedy sketch portraying Hughes and his eccentric activities.

The first generation iPod featured four buttons (Menu, Play/Pause, Back, and Forward) arranged around the circumference of the scroll wheel. Hughes appears in an episode of the TV Series Dark Skies. Apple designed a mechanical scroll wheel and outsourced the implementation and development to Synaptics, a firm that also developed the trackpad used by many laptops, including Apple's PowerBooks. Hughes makes an appearance in The Rocketeer, substituting for the "mystery inventor" (Doc Savage) in the original comic book version. Apple announced a 10 GB version ($499) in March 2002. "Howard Lockwood" in the Lupin III film Mystery of Mamo. [9] Critics panned the unit's price, but iPod proved an instant hit in the marketplace, quickly overtaking earlier hard drive MP3 players such as the NOMAD Jukebox. "Jonas Cord" in Harold Robbins' novel The Carpetbaggers.

First announced on October 23, 2001, the original iPod cost $399 with a 5 GB hard drive. Hadden" of the Carl Sagan novel Contact, and the 1997 Robert Zemeckis film of the same name. One can scale this proportion up; the current 30-gigabyte iPod can hold roughly 7,500 songs, though the Apple website states that 'actual formatted capacity may be lower.'. "S.R. Encoding songs at higher bitrates will take up more space on the hard drive. In The Disney Afternoon's TaleSpin, the characters join a group of businessmen for a dinner on the main deck of the moosehead-shaped seaplane, the "Spruce Moose", built by a reclusive hippopotamus with Hughes's characteristic mannerisms. For the first and second generation iPod, 1 gigabyte will hold 200 songs. The Simpsons episode "$pringfield" in which Montgomery Burns exhibits Hughes's OCD, including wearing tissue boxes on his feet, moving into a hotel penthouse, allowing his hair and nails to grow untrimmed, and creating an aircraft called the "Spruce Moose.".

Note that Apple claims that 1 gigabyte of storage will hold 250, 4-minute songs in 128 kbit/s AAC. Tony Stark, a wealthy inventor and industrialist who becomes Marvel Comics's Iron Man. Currently, Apple sells two sizes of iPod: a 30 GB hard drive for $299, and a 60 GB model for $399. "Willard Whyte" of the James Bond film Diamonds Are Forever. During the third generation, three sizes of iPods have coexisted in the marketplace at any given time, priced at US $299, $399, and $499. This character was based on a composite of Howard Hughes and William Randolph Hearst. Within any generation of iPods, various models with different sizes of hard drives have come onto the market at different price points. "Charles Foster Kane" of the Orson Welles film Citizen Kane.

Five distinct generations of iPods exist, commonly known as: first, second, third, fourth and fifth generations. The film focuses primarily on Hughes's achievements in aviation and in the movies and on the increasing handicap his obsessive-compulsive behavior represented in his 30s and onwards. While all iPods have roughly the same size and the same capabilities, the design has undergone several revisions since its introduction to the market. Nominated for 11 Academy Awards, and winning five, the film takes the usual bio-pic liberties (Ella Rice is not seen or mentioned although Hughes was married to her during the making of "Hell's Angels"). Some of this is also taken up by the iPod's firmware. The Aviator (2004), directed by Martin Scorsese and starring Leonardo DiCaprio as Hughes. For example, a 4 GB iPod mini actually had 3.77 GiB of usable storage. Graham and starring Tommy Lee Jones as Howard Hughes.

This comes about because the capacity advertised uses metric prefixes, not binary prefixes. The Amazing Howard Hughes (1977), directed by William A. As with most hard drive-based devices, the actual drive space available for music, photo, video and data storage does not quite attain the advertised capacity. Ron Kistler - "I caught flies for Howard Hughes", Playboy Press (1976), ISBN 0872234479. Several product revisions have taken place since the original model of iPod appeared, leading to the existence of five distinct generations. Jack Real - "The Asylum of Howard Hughes", Xlibris Corporation (2003), ISBN 1413408753. The Harry Potter 20 GB Collector's fourth-generation iPod was replaced by the Harry Potter 30 GB Collector's iPod, which is simply a fifth-generation iPod with a Harry Potter engraving and the Harry Potter audiobooks pre-loaded. Random House (1976).

The iPod U2 Special Edition was also discontinued. James Phelan - "Howard Hughes: The Hidden Years". The iPod mini (4 GB and 6 GB and in various colors) are now discontinued, having been replaced by the iPod nano. General Publishing Group (1996). The model range as of October 12, 2005 includes:. Terry Moore and Jerry Rivers - The Passions of Howard Hughes. Some models come with different capacities (a higher capacity allows the storage of more music) or with different designs. Terry Moore - The Beauty and the Billionaire, New York (1984).

Apple currently markets three distinct players bearing the iPod name. Steele - Empire: The Life, Legend and Madness of Howard Hughes (1979) ISBN 0393075133 Republished in 2003 as Howard Hughes: His life and madness. An iPod unable to start (due to either a firmware or a hardware problem) displays the "sad iPod" image, reminiscent of the sad Mac icon of earlier Macintosh computers. Barlett and James B. iPods with FireWire ports can be put into FireWire Disk Mode, in which it behaves like a FireWire hard drive without any of the additional iPod functionality. Donald L. Fourth and fifth generation iPods, second generation iPod minis, iPod nanos and iPod shuffles automatically pause playback when headphones are unplugged from the headphone jack, and turn on when you put the headphones into the headphone jack. Michael Drosnin - Citizen Hughes: In his own words, how Howard Hughes tried to buy America, Broadway Books.

Setting this switch to display orange will make the buttons and scroll wheel unresponsive, so that users do not activate them accidentally. Robert Maheu and Richard Hack - Next to Hughes: Behind the power and tragic downfall of Howard Hughes by his closest adviser, HarperCollins (1992). A 'Hold' switch also exists on the top of the unit. Peter Harry Brown and Pat H Broeske - Howard Hughes: The untold story, Time Warner Paperbacks. (Note that fourth and fifth-generation iPods, iPod minis, and iPod nanos incorporate these buttons into the "click wheel" scroll wheel.). Richard Hack - Hughes: The Private Diaries, Memos and Letters : The Definitive Biography of the First American Billionaire (2002) ISBN 1893224643. iPods (other than the iPod shuffle) have five buttons:. Marrett - Howard Hughes: Aviator (2004) ISBN 1591145104, Naval Institute Press.

iPod contains a small internal speaker which generates the scroll-wheel clicks and alarm clock beep sound, but this internal speaker cannot play music. George J. A servicer can pry the iPod open by carefully inserting a small non-metal screwdriver to pull the metal away from the clips. The plastic front of the case has clips which lock under a ridge inside the rim of the metal case back. The unit's case snaps together, with no screws or glue involved (though the fourth generation has some glue holding the battery in place).

From left to right:. This photograph shows the internal view of a third-generation iPod:. The iPod mini uses the "Espy Sans" font (previously seen in eWorld, the Newton, and Copland), while the color fourth-generation iPods (previously known as iPod photo) and fifth-generation iPods use Myriad, Apple's current corporate typeface. Until the release of iPod mini, the user interface of all iPods used "Chicago", the font used on the original Macintosh computer from 1984.

More recent iPods, such as the nano and 5th Generation, also incorporate the "brushed-metal" effect, previously used in iTunes before version 5.0, in their stopwatch and screen lock features. (The founder of Pixo had worked on the Apple Newton, a personal digital assistant formerly produced by Apple.) The Pixo libraries provide the user interface, though the iPod photo has incorporated some visual elements from Mac OS X, such as the animated Aqua style progress bar. His team integrated the core firmware from PortalPlayer with the user interface library developed by Pixo. Jeff Robbin headed the iPod firmware team at Apple.

Apple has not yet released a Linux version of the software used to flash the firmware of the iPod. As of 2005 only gtkpod offers such functionality for Linux and other Unix variants; however in early 2006, AmaroK will have full support for most iPods. However, a special database file serves to list the songs available to play, so a program such as iTunes is required to upload songs. The iPod will also charge from any powered USB or Firewire port, regardless of software support.

The iPod uses standard USB and FireWire mass-storage connectivity, and therefore any system with mass-storage support can mount it and use it as an external hard drive. Running this interface on an iPod photo has been known to cause irreparable problems. The linux interface is known as "Podzilla". [8].

A SourceForge project exists for the project [7], and copious documentation appears online. It currently supports first through third generation iPods, and features simple installers for Mac OS X and Windows. The iPodLinux project has successfully ported an ARM version of the Linux kernel to run on iPods. The ability to use an iPod as a boot disk for a Macintosh computer was lost when Apple removed FireWire with the introduction of the fifth-generation iPod since none of the G5-based Macintosh models can boot from an external USB drive.

HFS+ leaves slightly more space available to store data, and it allowed the iPod to serve as a boot disk for a Macintosh computer. Currently, iPods ship with FAT32 by default and are reformatted for use with Macintosh computers, but they previously shipped formatted for Mac and would be reformatted for PC. An iPod with its hard drive formatted as HFS+ operated only with a Macintosh, because Windows does not support HFS+, but since the Macintosh could handle FAT32, an iPod formatted as FAT32 could operate with a Macintosh as well as with a PC. [5] Apple released a Windows version of iTunes on October 16, 2003 [6]; previously, Windows users needed third-party software such as Musicmatch Jukebox (included with Windows iPods before the release of the Windows version of iTunes), ephPod, or XPlay to manage the music on their iPods.

The original iPod interacted only with Macintosh computers running Mac OS 9 or Mac OS X until July 17, 2002, when Apple began selling a Windows-compatible iPod, with its internal hard drive formatted in FAT32 instead of the original HFS Plus. [4]. The signature earphones have such good recognition characteristics that they can become a liability – after a 24% rise in robbery and a 10% increase in grand larceny in the NYC subway system, a spokesperson for the New York City Police Department suggested that iPods might be behind the increases. This is often easily solved by applying a small amount of suction to the problem earphone.

They are also known to develop a clicking noise at volume peaks, due to the membrane being displaced. Users rate the substandard bass response as the most apparent negative characteristic found in the standard headphones. Like most headphones that come bundled with other hardware, the stock white earbuds are fairly low quality, and some users choose to replace them. Despite the fact that new generations of the iPod now appear in black as well as white, the cords still remain white.

The white cords have become symbolic of the iPod brand, and advertisements for the devices feature them prominently. All iPods come with earbud headphones with distinctive white cords, a color chosen to match the design of the original iPod. (The 60GB fifth-generation iPod holds 64 MiB of RAM, to further extend battery life.). For example, an iPod could spin the hard disk up once and copy about 30 MiB of upcoming songs on a playlist into RAM, thus saving power by not having the drive spin up for each song.

All iPods, except for the 60GB fifth-generation iPod, have 32 MiB of RAM, a portion of which holds the iPod OS loaded from the firmware and the vast majority of which serves to cache songs loaded from the hard drive. The iPod has a 32-MiB flash ROM chip which contains a bootloader, a program that tells the device to load the operating system from another medium (in this case, the hard drive). The iPod mini uses one-inch hard drives made by Hitachi. iPods use 1.8-in (46-mm) ATA hard drives (with a proprietary connector) made by Toshiba.

The first three generations of iPod used two ARM 7TDMI-derived CPUs running at 90 MHz, while later models have variable speed chips which run at a peak of 80 MHz to save battery life. The iPod shuffle has a built-in USB connector that plugs into a standard USB port for recharging and for data transfer, but a connector for AC charging can be purchased. Newer iPods, iPod minis and iPod nanos use a proprietary 30-pin dock connector to connect the iPod to a computer’s FireWire or USB port with a proprietary cable. First- and second-generation iPods had a standard FireWire connection port.

Both USB-based and FireWire-based power adapters exist. iPods can recharge their internal batteries using either FireWire (all generations) or USB power (only fourth generation and later) while connected to a computer or to an iPod AC power adapter. Apple stopped shipping FireWire cables with iPods in favor of only using Hi-Speed USB (USB 2.0), more than likely a cost-cutting and size-saving measure since many Windows-based PCs do not have FireWire ports. Except for iPod shuffle, iPod nano, and fifth-generation iPod, all previous models of iPod offered FireWire connectivity.

The game, "Rock and Pop Trivia Quiz" from Coolgorilla takes the listener through 40 narrated questions on well known Rock & Pop artists. December 2005 saw the release of one the first iPod Game to make use of the iPod's ability to act as a "Sonic Gaming Platform". All iPods (except the shuffle) feature "Brick", a clone of the Breakout arcade game from Atari (originally created by Apple cofounder Steve Wozniak) along with three other games:. iPods (with the exception of the iPod shuffle) also feature games.

However, iPod has limitations as a PDA, since users cannot edit this information on the iPod but only on a computer. It can also display notes, and hence host simple games and store restaurant information. [3]. Repeated calls to Apple from consumers have yielded no commitment to correct this problem as of January, 2006.

No workaround (including mentally converting times when reading them) is functionally acceptable due to the combined behaviours of iSync, iCal and the iPod with regards to converting events between timezones. Their timezones are excluded from the iPod's firmware, leaving them unable to properly sync calendar events and alarms to their devices. The limited PDA calendar functions of the iPod are somewhat tainted for users from Newfoundland and parts of Australia. However the files can be manually dragged and dropped into the correct directory on the iPod.

Although Mozilla Calendar and Mozilla SunbirdiCalendar file format used by iCal and the iPod, there is no way to automatically sync schedules across from these programs. With the 2005 release of iTunes 5.0, Apple integrated contact/schedule syncing into iTunes and added the ability for Windows users to synchronize their contacts and schedules from Microsoft Outlook and Outlook Express. Since January 2003, Mac users have been able to synchronize their contacts and schedules Address Book and iCal to their iPods through iSync. In addition to playing music and storing files, the iPod has limited PDA functionality.

iTunes lacks the ability to transfer songs from iPod to computer because of legality issues. Apart from iTunes there are also several third-party applications available that can be used to transfer songs to the iPod. Users may also set a rating (out of 5 stars) on any song, and can synchronize that information to an iTunes music library. iTunes can automatically synchronize a user's iPod with specific playlists or with the entire contents of a music library each time an iPod connects to a host computer.

Apple designed the iPod to work with the iTunes media library software, which lets users manage the music libraries on their computers and on their iPods. Midis can also be played on iPods, but they first must be converted to the MP3 format by choosing the "advanced" menu on iTunes. Reviewers have criticized the iPod's inability to play some other formats, in particular the Ogg Vorbis and FLAC formats. WMA files with copy protection cannot be played in iTunes or be copied to an iPod.

The Windows version of iTunes can transcode non copy-protected WMA files to an iPod supported format. The fifth-generation iPod can also play .m4v (H.264) and .mp4 (MPEG-4) video file formats. iPods can play MP3, WAV, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, AIFF, Audible audiobook and Apple Lossless audio file formats. 6,928,433: "Automatic hierarchical categorization of music by metadata", which Creative dubbed the "Zen Patent", granted on 9 August 2005).[2].

Patent No. Also in August 2005, Creative Technology, one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market, announced that it too held a patent on part of the music selection interface used by the iPod (U.S. Apple's application to the United States Patent and Trademark Office for a patent on "rotational user inputs", as used in the iPod's interface, received a third "non-final rejection" (NFR) in August 2005. In 2005, Apple Computer faced two lawsuits claiming patent infringement by the iPod and its associated technologies: Advanced Audio Devices claimed the iPod breached their patent on a "music jukebox" (See Hong Kong-based IP portfolio company Pat-rights filed suit on behalf of inventor Keung Tse Ho,) claiming that Apple's FairPlay technology breached their patent on "protection of software against unauthorized use".[1].

Apple has posited that the iPod has a "halo effect", encouraging users of non-Apple products to switch to other Apple products, such as to Macintosh computers. The iPod has sold at a tremendous rate, now past 42 million units since its release. As of October 2004, iPod dominated digital music player sales in the United States, with over 90% of the market for hard-drive-based players and over 70% of the market for all types of players. In 2003, Apple released third-generation iPods that included a single CD that included a Windows version of the iTunes software along with the Mac version.

The actual iPods could work with either system (though to work with Windows, they had to use the FAT32 filesystem, Mac iPods could use either the FAT32 or HFS Plus filesystem). The only difference though was the bundled software, since there was no iTunes for Windows at the time, the Windows iPods came packaged with Musicmatch software. In 2002, Apple released the second-generation iPod in two versions, one for Mac users and one for Windows users. Apple’s Hardware engineering chief Jon Rubinstein assembled a team of engineers to design and build the first iPod in less than a year, and it was unveiled by CEO Steve Jobs on October 23, 2001 as a Mac-compatible product with a 5GB hard drive that put “1,000 songs in your pocket.”.

While digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had well-established markets, the company found digital music players lacking in quality and Apple decided to develop its own. Development of the iPod grew out of Apple’s digital hub strategy, as the company was creating software applications for the growing number of digital devices being snapped up by consumers. Recently, some media have started referring to the generation primarily born in the late 1980s, and which in particular has made the iPod popular, as the iGeneration, suggesting that the "i" family of products may have a far-reaching cultural impact. When Apple first introduced the iMac, the "i" stood for internet (as well as a possible tongue-in-cheek reference to Steve Jobs's title with the company at the time, interim CEO, abbreviated iCEO), meaning that the iMac shipped with everything needed for a connection, but the prefix stuck, as the brand recognition associated with it has positive effects on the sales of Apple products.

The company has many other products with a lowercase "i" in front of the name, including iSight, iChat, iTunes, iDVD, iBook, and much more. Apple's web site reflects this usage (for example, "iPod incorporates the same touch-sensitive Apple Click Wheel that debuted on iPod mini"), which resembles Apple's use of the words Macintosh or iMac. Apple Computer often refers to the player as iPod, without use of the definite article the. .

The most recent incarnations of iPod and iTunes have video playing and organization features. iTunes is a music jukebox application that stores a comprehensive library of the user's music on his/her computer, as well as being able to play and rip music from a CD. The bundled software used for uploading music, photos, and videos to the iPod is called iTunes. The iPod is currently the world's best-selling digital audio player.

As of January 2006, the lineup consists of the fifth-generation iPod which can play videos, the iPod nano which has a color screen, and the iPod shuffle; all three iterations were released in 2005. Discontinued versions of the iPod include two generations of the popular iPod mini and four generations of the full-sized iPod, all of which had monochrome screens except for the fourth-generation iPod with color screen (previously sold as iPod photo before it replaced the monochrome iPod in the top line). Like most digital audio players, an iPod can serve as an external data storage device when connected to a computer. The standard iPod model stores media on a built-in hard drive, while the smaller iPod shuffle and iPod nano use flash memory.

Devices in the iPod family provide a simple user interface designed around a central scroll wheel (with the exception of the iPod shuffle). iPod is a brand of portable digital media player designed and marketed by Apple Computer. Accessed on October 13, 2005. Notes." MP3 Newswire.

"Apple Portable Does Video. ^  Richard Menta. Accessed on August 22, 2005. "Eminem settles with Apple over iPod commercial." c|net News.com.

^  Ina Fried. Accessed on August 22, 2005. "New iPod ads feature U2." Macworld. ^  Jim Dalrymple.

Accessed on August 22, 2005. "Pepsi ads wink at music downloading." USA Today. ^  Theresa Howard. The first iPod television ad.

^  Beat. Accessed on August 23, 2005. ^  "Hewlett-Packard to Stop Reselling iPods." Forbes. Accessed on January 18, 2006.

^  "Apple Reports First Quarter Results." Apple. Accessed on August 23, 2005. ^  "Apple Reports Third Quarter Results." Apple. Accessed on August 22, 2005.

"It's iPod's Revolution: We Just Live in It." Fortune. ^  Andy Serwer. Stan Ng — Director of iPod Product Marketing. Danika Cleary — iPod Product Manager.

Sanjeev Kumar. Jeff Robbin. Tony Fadell — Apple Vice President of iPod Engineering. Jonathan Ive — Apple Vice President of Industrial Design.

[57]. Apple announced on October 14, 2005 that Jon Rubinstein will retire on March 31, 2006 and be succeeded by Tony Fadell. Jon Rubinstein — Apple Senior Vice President of the iPod Division. Steve Jobs — CEO of Apple.

It featured Wynton Marsalis performing "Sparks". The ad is in blue and features many circular shapes in the background. On January 10, 2006, Apple premiered a new silhouette ad, based on the modified silhouette campaign (read above). [56].

The silhouette of Eminem also shows more highlights and shadows. Instead of a solid background, the background is a busy montage of different shapes and buildings in similar tones of orange. The other was a video of Eminem performing Lose Yourself in a modified version of the silhouette style. One featured a video of U2's Original of the Species playing on the new iPod's screen, held by a hand in the same style as the iPod nano adverts.

On October 12, 2005 Apple introduced two ads for the iPod fifth generation. They focused instead on the diminutive size of the product, with live-action shots of a hand holding an iPod nano on a black background, flipping it round and fiddling with it, to show how small and light it was. The TV adverts that accompanied the release of the iPod nano were the first for a long time not to incorporate the silhouette theme. The giveaway lasted for two months and included 100 million codes under the caps of Pepsi drinks, of which only 5 million were redeemed by its end.

In conjunction, Pepsi also launched ads featuring young teenagers who had been accused of unauthorized filesharing by the RIAA, who go on to say they will still download music for free thanks to the Pepsi iTunes Giveaway. Each bottle had a 1:3 chance of winning a free download. On February 1, 2004, during the Super Bowl, Pepsi and Apple kicked off their promotional deal to include a free iTunes download under the caps of Pepsi bottled soda. The iPod shuffle was released alongside TV commercials featuring silhouettes dancing on a green background with Apple's shuffle symbol moving underneath them, showing their intent on incorporating their silhouette campaign with each of their products.

^[55]. To commemorate the launch of the U2 iPod, Apple released an ad featuring the music video of Vertigo (changed to characteristic iPod silhouettes). These commercials featured popular songs, such as The Vines' Ride, The Caesars' Jerk it Out, Gorillaz' Feel Good Inc., Steriogram's Walkie-Talkie Man, Jet's Are You Gonna Be My Girl, Propellerheads' Take California, Ozomatli's Saturday Night, N.E.R.D.'s Rock Star (Jason Nevin's Mix), Franz Ferdinand's Take Me Out, Daft Punk's Technologic, and many more. It featured silhouettes dancing to music while listening to iPods.

In October 2003, Apple released their first TV commercial of the silhouette campaign, which had already been featured for some time in print. The commercials featured a wide range of music, including The Who's My Generation, Sir Mix-a-lot's Baby Got Back, Pink's There You Go, and Eminem's Lose Yourself. The ads featured informally dressed persons wearing iPods and giving animated silent renditions of popular songs, accompanied by dancing, air guitar, and other performances. In April 2003, Apple introduced a new ad campaign in conjunction with the launch of the iTunes Music Store.

^[54]. The ad can be viewed on Apple's web site. The first iPod ad, featuring the tagline "A thousand songs, in your pocket" was launched alongside iPod in November 2001. [31] [32].

Honda will be the first to include text-to-speech capabilities that allow drivers to search for playlists, artist and album names or genre. More than thirty percent of the cars in the United States now include iPod support. With these deals Apple now has 15 car companies worldwide planning to offer iPod integration. Apple announced in September 2005 that they now have deals with Acura, Audi, Honda and Volkswagen to integrate iPod into their car stereos during the year.

[28] [29] [30]. Apple announced at Macworld Expo in January 2005 that Mercedes-Benz USA, Volvo, Nissan, Alfa Romeo and Ferrari would offer similar systems. The iPod attached to a cable harness in the car's glove compartment and allowed the driver to create up to five unique "BMW playlists" that were displayed through the vehicle's radio head unit. [27] The interface allowed drivers of late-model BMW vehicles to control their iPod through the built-in steering wheel controls and the radio head unit buttons.

BMW released the first iPod automobile interface to come from an automotive company. Volkswagen: 2006 Beetle. Volvo: S40, S60, S80, V50, V70, XC70, XC90. Scion: xA, xB, tC.

Mini: Cooper, Cooper S. Mercedes-Benz: C-Class, CLK, CLS, E-Class, SLK, M-Class, R-Class. BMW: Z4, X3, X5. Acura RL, TL using Acura Music Link (option only - installation and parts required).

iPod shuffle (512 MB and 1 GB). iPod nano (2 GB and 4 GB). iPod (30 GB and 60 GB). 'Center' (the button in the center of the scroll wheel; this selects a menu or a menu item).

'Next' (which skips forward through tracks in play). 'Previous' (which skips back through tracks in play). 'Play/Pause' (which plays or pauses the track in play). 'Menu' (which backs up one level in the menus).

A hole on the bottom of the case allows access to the dock connector port on the circuit board. Wires connect the ports and switch on the top of the case to a small plug. The rear of the iPod. The layer of rubber also helps to protect a spinning hard drive from shock damage while the owner of the iPod moves about.

The hard drive, surrounded by a layer of soft rubber which also extends beneath it to insulate it from the circuit board. The lithium ion battery. Note three connectors: the battery connects in the lower-right corner; the hard drive connector lies to the left of the black area in the lower left; and the headphone jack, wired remote control jack, and Hold switch (all located on the top of the iPod) connect as a single plug in the top right. The lighter green circuit board controls the iPod (and leaves room for the battery to fit beside it), and the darker green board beneath it controls the touch-scroll wheel and the buttons.

The front of the iPod casing (facedown). An intact third-generation iPod. This allows the user to read small text files. Notes: iPod also has the function to read EBooks through use of the Notes Function.

No record is kept of the score, and there is no limit on the amount of songs played; however, the songs repeat after the first 100. Music Quiz became available through a free firmware update for third generation iPods released in October 2003 and later came standard with the iPod mini and fourth generation iPods. The faster the users choose the right song, the more points they get. A song drops off the list every few seconds.

The game plays a portion of a random song and prompts the user to identify it from a list of 5 (or of 4 on the iPod mini). Music Quiz: an interactive music quiz featuring the user's own songs. Solitaire: a simple card game resembling the Klondike solitaire card game. Parachute is similar to the Apple II game Sabotage by Mark Allen.

Parachute: a game in which the user controls a turret and attempts to shoot down paratroopers and the helicopters which release them.