Indianapolis 500

Based out of Indianapolis, they include an experienced membership available for discussion and advise on Indy 500 memorabilia trading and Indy 500 questions in general. Nevertheless, the form "daylight savings time" appears without remark as to its nonstandardness in some dictionaries, including The American Heritage Dictionary. Many people promote and share information about the Indy 500 and its memorabilia collecting.The National Indy 500 Collectors Club is an independent active organization that has been dedicated to support such activities. Most compound adjectives are joined with a hyphen, but "daylight-saving time," too, is nonstandard. The winner has been given one of the pace cars, or a replica of it if the pace car is not street legal, since 1936. In the standard form of the name, "daylight saving" is a compound adjective (part of which is a participle) that modifies "time." A common variant is daylight savings time. Although this alternate form is frequently heard in speech, it is nonstandard and appears rarely in edited writing. However prior to that, for decades, winners usually had a relica made for them. This is especially important in autumn, just before the heating season causes an increase in home fires.

A smaller replica of this trophy has been officially presented to the winner after the race since 1988. For example, the Country Fire Authority of Victoria in Australia has been running a program called "Change Your Clock, Change Your Smoke Alarm Battery" for several years. A bas-relief sculpture of the winner's face, along with his name, average speed, and date of victory is added to the Borg-Warner Trophy. Fire safety officials in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States encourage citizens to use the two annual time changes as a reminder to check the batteries in home and office fire alarms and smoke detectors. Among Indycar drivers, Emerson Fittipaldi is infamous for drinking orange juice after his 1993 victory, before he drank the customary milk. Another common mnemonic of equal meaning is "spring ahead, fall behind.". This practice first began in 1936 after victor Louis Meyer asked for a glass of buttermilk, his favorite drink, and afterward became ritual as milk companies became sponsors of the race purse and handed a bottle of milk to the winner to promote their product, a sponsorship of currently $10,000 now paid out by the American Dairy Association. This uses the word "fall" to mean "autumn"; while this usage has died out in British English, it is still very common in North American English.

A long-standing tradition of the Indianapolis 500 is for the victor to drink a bottle of milk immediately after the race. The mnemonic "spring forward, fall back" tells us how to reset clocks when the time changes, regardless of hemisphere (although it has to be remembered that spring and autumn occur during different months in the northern and southern hemispheres). Having called the race since 1946 on the public address system, he is best known for his lines, "He's on it!" (signalling the start of a qualifying attempt), "It's a new track record!" (when a driver surpasses either a one- or four-lap track record in qualifications), and "He's slowing down on the backstretch!". Different people start their day at different times (office workers start their day later than factory workers, who start their day later than farm workers), regardless of daylight saving time. Tom Carnegie is the track announcer for the race. Other critics suggest that DST is, at its heart, government paternalism and that people rise in the morning as a matter of choice because many people enjoy nighttime hours and their jobs do not require them to make the most of daylight. The cars begin the race three cars to a row in a rolling start.Most other automobile races have two cars in a row. DST is particularly unpopular among people working in agriculture because the animals do not observe it, and thus the people are placed out of synchronization with the rest of the community, including school times, broadcast schedules, and the like.

In 2004, the restart of the race after a rain delay was given by longtime announcer Tom Carnegie. Opponents point to the longer hours of darkness on winter mornings, especially in Scotland, the north of England and Northern Ireland which might well cause an increase in road accidents. On occasions when rain has forced delay or postponement of the race after either the race has begun or the initial command has been given (1967, 1973, 1986, 1997, 2004), an amended command, "restart your engines," has been given; in 1986, this restart command was given by Tony George. This would make winter evenings longer, thereby reducing traffic accidents and cases of seasonal affective disorder. Her daughter, Mari Hulman George did it in 1981, and has now done so since 1997. Alternatively, some would like Britain to adopt Central European Time and jump forward another hour during the summer (adopting a Single/Double Summer Time from Britain's perspective). From 1978-1980 and 1982-1996, the call was made by his widow Mary Fendrich Hulman, who died in 1998 at the age of 93. Some campaigners in Britain would like the country to stay on British Summer Time (BST) all year round, or in other words, adopt Central European Time and abolish BST.

Tony Hulman himself did it from 1955-1977. Some studies do show that changing the clock increases the traffic accident rate.^[1] Following the spring shift to daylight saving time (when one hour of sleep is lost) there is a measurable increase in the number of traffic accidents that result in fatalities. Wilbur Shaw, President of the Speedway from 1946-1954, was probable coiner of the phrase and recited the command during those years. For example, during a North American time change, an autumn night where clocks are reset from 3 AM summer to 2 AM winter time, times between 2AM and 3AM will occur twice, causing confusion in transport schedules, payment systems, etc. The call for engine start is made by stating "Gentlemen, start your engines!" When women drivers are competing, the call is amended to "Lady and Gentlemen" or "Ladies and Gentlemen". No formal studies have been performed, but an enormous amount of time has been spent by software developers to deal with the fact that 2400 hours past 2pm is not necessarily 2pm 100 days later. Jim Nabors sings Back Home Again in Indiana, accompanied by the Purdue Marching Band. It is also speculated that one of the benefits—more afternoon sun—would also actually increase energy consumption as people get into their cars to enjoy more time for shopping and the like.

In remembrance of Memorial Day, the Purdue University All American Marching Band plays "Taps", and aircraft from the United States military do a fly-by.When multiple aircraft are used, they often execute the missing man formation. It was for this reason that Arizona rejected DST and opted to stay on standard time all year. start, because of Indiana moving to daylight savings time, the gates will open at 6 a.m. Air conditioning often uses more energy than artificial lighting. However, in 2006, with the race being moved to a 1 p.m. When air conditioning was not widely available, the change did save energy; however, air conditioning is much more widespread now than it was several decades ago. to signal the opening of the grounds to spectators. While many people use more sunlight under DST, most people also experience more heat, which prompts many people to turn on the air conditioner during the warmer afternoon hours.

An explosive is set off, traditionally, at 5 a.m. There is also a question whether the decrease in lighting costs justifies the increase in summertime air conditioning costs. Due to the longevity of the Indianapolis 500, a number of traditions have developed over the years.For many fans, these traditions are almost as important as the race itself, and they have often reacted quite negatively when the traditions are changed or broken. It is also noted that much effort is spent reminding everyone twice a year of the change, and thousands are inconvenienced by showing up at the wrong time when they forget. Stewart is the only driver to complete the full 1100 miles (1770 km) for 600 laps in both races on the same day. The disruption in sleep patterns associated with setting clocks either forward or backward correlates with a spike in the number of severe auto accidents, as well as lost productivity as sleep-disrupted workers adjust to the schedule change. For 2005 the start of Indianapolis was pushed up to improve national television air-time, thus preventing NASCAR drivers to be able to compete at Indy and Lowe's on the same day; Indiana moving to the statewide use of Daylight Savings Time means that the starting times of the races are likely to remain too close for drivers to compete in both races on the same day in the foreseeable future. Opponents claim that there is not enough benefit to justify the need to adjust clocks twice every year.

Jones in his car and finished the Indianapolis 500, receiving no drivers points as Jones started the race but getting owners points. DST is not universally accepted; many localities do not observe it. Gordon, being a team owner, just placed P.J. (Stats from this article). In 2000 Gordon missed the start of the Coca-Cola 600, which started pace laps when the Indianapolis 500 finished. $28 million in traffic costs. Gordon has done it the most number of times; in 2004 the rain caused him to have to hand over driving duties to fellow driver Jaques Lazier. went on extended DST in 1974 and 1975 in response to the 1973 energy crisis, Department of Transportation studies found that observing DST in March and April saved 10,000 barrels of oil a day, and prevented about 2,000 traffic injuries and 50 fatalities saving about U.S.

Stewart competed double duty in 1999 and 2001, but contract limits restricted him from doing so in 2004. When the U.S. Notable drivers include Tony Stewart, Robby Gordon, and John Andretti. Other benefits cited include prevention of traffic injuries (by allowing more people to return home from work or school in daylight), and crime reduction (by reducing people's risk of being targets of crimes that are more common in dark areas). In order to make it on time, drivers usually caught a helicopter directly from the Speedway to take them to the Indianapolis International Airport, flew into Concord Regional Airport, and even then they barely make it in time to race. Most people plan outdoor activities during the increased hours of sunlight. Prior to 2005, a few NASCAR drivers would be able to compete double duty racing the Indianapolis 500 and the Coca-Cola 600 at Lowe's Motor Speedway, which takes place the same day, just after the race. Another perceived benefit of DST is increased opportunities for outdoor activities.

CART went bankrupt shortly following, with its rights and infrastructure purchased by remaining car owners. During the summer most people would wake up after the sun rises, regardless of whether daylight saving time is in effect or not, so there is no increased need for morning lighting to offset the afternoon drop in energy usage. In 2003 Honda and Toyota switched their engine supply from CART to the IRL. Part of the reason that it is normally observed in the late spring, summer, and early autumn is because during the winter months the amount of energy saved by moving sunset one hour later is negated by the increased need for morning lighting by moving sunrise by the same amount. For 2002, Penske and Ganassi became permanent entrants in the IRL, with many other former CART teams joining them in switching sides. United States Department of Transportation studies showed that DST reduces the country's electricity usage by one percent while DST is in effect. A year later, Roger Penske, historically CART and Indianapolis' most successful team owner, also came back to Indianapolis and won. Because people tend to observe the same bedtime year-round, by artificially moving sunset one hour later, the amount of energy used is theoretically reduced.

Yet the real winner was George, who had brought back one of the CART teams, and its sponsor, to race with the IRL cars. Theoretically, the amount of residential electricity needed in the evening hours is dependent both on when the sun sets and when people go to bed. The defeat was somewhat humiliating for the IRL teams, with the Ganassi team's advantage primarily being pit stops that were frequently several seconds quicker than their main rivals. One of the major reasons given for observing DST is energy conservation. On race day Montoya put on a dominating performance, leading 167 of the 200 laps to win. Starting and ending dates are variable: normally, Brazilian DST starts at 00:00 on an October (rarely November) Sunday and ends at 00:00 on a February Sunday. In 2000 Chip Ganassi, while still racing in the CART ChampCar World Series, made the decision to return to Indianapolis with his drivers, the 1996 CART champion Jimmy Vasser, and the 1999 CART champion Juan-Pablo Montoya. Brazil adopted DST for the first time in 1931, but uninterruptedly since 1985 in southern states (south, southeast regions and states of Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul).

While this situation allowed many American drivers to participate in an event they might otherwise have been unable to afford, the turbulent political situation and the absence of the many of the top IndyCar drivers, the big-name sponsors and faster CART-spec cars casting something of a shadow over the race; it was certainly arguable that to the average fan the replacement of at least fairly-well-known foreign drivers by almost-unknown American ones was not perceived as a real gain. In specific years the starting and ending dates have been modified for political or climatic reasons. For the next few years almost all of the CART teams and drivers did not compete in the race. The current law which affects the entire country was enacted in 1970, but it had observed the practice as early as 1927 when the country had been divided into two distinct time zones. In 1997 George made his next move and specified new technical rules for less expensive cars and "production based" engines that outlawed the CART-spec cars that had been the mainstay of the race since the mid-1970s. Chile switches to DST at 24:00 on the second Saturday in October and reverts to Local Standard Time (LST) at 24:00 on the second Sunday the following March. Finally, in 1998, IRL's calendar once more fell into sync with the rest of the automotive world. Standard Time Zone Boundary in the State of Indiana (a 139 KB pdf file) has some history, public comments from each county, the final DOT determination, and the resulting time zone boundary.

This marathon season coming right after the three-race 1996 season did not help IRL's image as a bunch of amateurs and beginners. Currently, Pulaski and Martin counties are reconsidering their bid to join the Central time zone. Therefore in September, the IRL changed their season back again to the standard early-spring-through-late-fall; however, since the 1996 season was now officially concluded and the 1997 season had already officially begun, this caused the 1997 season to run for 17 months, from the New Hampshire race in July of 1996 through the Las Vegas 500K race in November of 1997. These counties are: Starke and Pulaski Counties in the Northwest, and Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, and Pike in the Southwest. However, this confused fans who were used to the universal early-spring-through-late-fall season used by almost all motorsports organizations; worse, it did not meet the needs of corporate sponsors, whose budget sheets ran on the fiscal year. As a result of the review, the United States Department of Transportation moved eight more counties to the Central time zone, effective when DST begins on April 2, 2006. The next race, in New Hampshire in July, began the 1997 season. The bill to observe DST also required the governor to request federal review of the time zone divisions in the state.

Since the IRL had decided that their "crown jewel" should be the climactic last race of the season, the 1996 IRL season consisted of only three races; the Disney World 200 in January, the Phoenix race in March, and the Indy 500 in May. On April 29, 2005, the Indiana legislature voted to begin observing daylight saving time statewide in 2006. 500 never generated much in the way of fan interest or TV ratings associated with a "big-time" race; it was moved from being directly opposite the Indianapolis 500 on the same day and then discontinued altogether. From 1991 until April 1, 2006 the state had three kinds of time zones and DST observances:. The U.S. Opponents claimed that daylight saving time created costs and inconvenience associated with changing clocks twice a year and had little or no real value. 500 and Indianapolis 500 ended in something of a tie; relative unknown American Buddy Lazier, a driver who had however qualified for the race five years previous, won a competitive but crash-marred Indianapolis, while the CART race had to be delayed when the front-row drivers collided at the start and triggered a mass pile-up, somewhat spoiling their carefully chosen public pose as the "old pros". Some supporters claimed that some businesses had located out-of-state due to the time-related confusion.

Nevertheless, the showdown between the U.S. Being out of sync with neighboring states and the national changing of clocks, supporters argued, had a negative economic impact on the state. 500, to run on the same day as Indianapolis. In the past, neighboring communities sometimes ended up one or even two hours apart. CART's reaction to this move was to announce a competing race, the U.S. DST has been a long-standing controversy in Indiana, not only as an agricultural state, but also because the border separating the Eastern and Central time zones divides the state. Both pundits and fans alike predicted success for CART and failure for the IRL, but the IRL played its hole card, the "25 and 8" rule; George announced that 25 of the 33 starting positions at Indianapolis would be reserved for the top 25 cars in the IRL points race, effectively leaving only eight entries for teams who had not competed in the first two IRL races. Hawaii does not observe DST.

In its first season in 1996, the IRL attracted mainly little known and inexperienced drivers, smaller teams, slower cars, and widespread ridicule as "replacement players". However, the large Navajo Indian Reservation within it does. This last point was symbolized by the IRL holding its first-ever race at the new oval track at Disney World, but the event was slightly marred by the clearly audible agony of Eliseo Salazar, whose leg had been pierced by a suspension arm broken when he crashed during the race. Most of Arizona does not observe DST. With an eye towards the skyrocketing popularity (and profitability) of NASCAR, the IRL was to share some of that series' emphasis on capital-A Americana, with more up-and-coming American drivers and fewer imported established champions, more oval races and fewer road courses (and especially fewer city street races, with their lack of revenue-generating grandstands), less technical sophistication and expense, and more positioning as a racing series for the whole family to enjoy. Certain types of information systems (those that schedule future events with reference to UTC, for example) are almost guaranteed to encounter serious desynchronization problems unless both computers and databases are carefully updated—in some cases by hand. Opinions varied on his motivations, with his supporters sharing his disapproval of Indy's lack of status within CART when it was obvious that it was the series' flagship, the increasing number of foreign drivers with big bank accounts forcing professional American racing drivers away, and the decreasing number of oval-track races in the series, while his detractors accused George of throwing his weight around and playing politics with the race and its heritage just for a power play furthering his own interests at the expense of the sport overall. More difficult to quantify is the amount of labor and money that may be spent correcting errors that arise due to a failure to update computers.

However, in 1994, IMS owner Tony George announced that he planned to remove the race from the CART series and make it the centerpiece of a new series, to be called the Indy Racing League (IRL). A two-minute procedure for updating a computer, multiplied by a hundred million computers, represents nearly 1700 years of full-time labor. Despite the CART/USAC divide, from 1983 to 1994 the race was run in relative harmony, with CART and USAC occasionally disagreeing over the technical regulations. In order to change the dates and times at which the automatic jump to or from DST occurs, these tables must be modified, which requires some sort of manual intervention by a human being in the great majority of cases. Although the race only payed the same points as any of the other races it was by far the highest-profile event of the championship, with the largest purse of the year. Most computers are programmed to adjust automatically for DST, but they do so based on static tables stored directly on the computer itself. The stand-off was eventually diffused and the race became part of the CART calendar in 1983. An additional issue raised by this extension is that it requires reconfiguration of virtually every computer in the United States.

However, the Indianapolis 500 sided with USAC for the next several years and became the only high-level race the body still sanctioned once its own Championship series was discontinued the next year, and the race was temporarily removed from the championship calendar, although the same cars and drivers were in attendance. The extension was greeted by criticism from the airline industry and those concerned for the safety of children traveling to school in the dark before the late sunrise. Due to control issues of monetary prizes and regulation amendments in the 1970s, the team owners banded together and formed CART (Championship Auto Racing Teams), which started organizing the Indycar World Series in 1978. (See this article, for example.). At its very beginning, the race was organized under the auspices of the AAA (American Automobile Association), alongside the National Championship, but the USAC (United States Auto Club) took over in 1956, when it became the motor racing sanctioning authority in the United States, after AAA pulled out in order to concentrate on its membership program aimed at the general motoring public. There is very little recent research on what the actual positive effects, if any, might be. At the end of the 1995 season, the Indianapolis 500 was transferred to its fourth regulations ruling body since its inception. Department of Energy information from the 1970s, the accuracy and relevance of which the DoE no longer stands by.

European-born or, at least, -bred drivers became a regular fixture of Indianapolis in the years to follow. Proponents claimed that the extension would save "the equivalent of" 10,000 barrels of oil per day, but this figure was based on U.S. However, it wasn't until 1993 that reigning Formula One World Champion Nigel Mansell shocked the racing world by moving to the United States, winning the PPG CART IndyCar World Series title and only losing the 500 in his rookie year because of inexperience with green-flag restarts. The change was introduced by the Energy Policy Act of 2005; the House had originally approved a motion that would have extended DST even further. Brazilian Emerson Fittipaldi was one of American single-seater racing's most successful drivers in the 80s, but other names known from Formula One, such as Italian Teo Fabi and Colombian Roberto Guerrero, were able to obtain good outings as well. Starting March 11, 2007, daylight saving time will be extended another four to five weeks, from the second Sunday of March to the first Sunday of November. After foreign cars became the norm, foreign drivers started showing up at the Indianapolis 500 on a regular basis, choosing the United States as their primary base for their motor racing activities. In response to the 1973 energy crisis, daylight saving in the United States was begun earlier in both 1974 and 1975, commencing on the first Sunday in January (January 6) in the former year and the last Sunday in February (February 23) in the latter.

Ford and Chevy engines were built in the UK by Cosworth and Ilmor, respectively. The law was amended again in 1986 to begin daylight saving time on the first Sunday in April, to take effect the following year. Starting from 1978, most chassis and engines were European, with the only American chassis to win during the CART era being the Wildcat and Galmer chassis in 1982 and 1992. The law was amended in 1972 to permit states that straddle a time zone boundary to exempt the entire area of the state lying in one time zone. American drivers kept on filling the majority of entries at the Brickyard for the following years, but European technology had taken over. Any state that wanted to be exempt from daylight saving time could do so by passing a state law, provided that it exempt the entire state. This was also the last time the Offy would win a race, its competitiveness steadily decreasing until its final appearance in 1983. federal Uniform Time Act of 1966 mandated that daylight saving time begin nationwide on the last Sunday of April and end on the last Sunday of October.

Offenhauser too would join forces with a European maker, McLaren, obtaining three wins for the chassis, one with the Penske team in 1972 with driver Mark Donohue, and two for the McLaren Works team in 1974 and 1976 with Johnny Rutherford. The U.S. Racing a mid-engined car, Scotsman Jim Clark was second in his first attempt in 1963, dominating in 1964 until suffering suspension failure on the 47th lap, and completely dominating the race in 1965, a victory which also interrupted the success of the Offy, and offering the 4.2 litre Ford V8 its first success at the race. This resulted in a patchwork where some areas observed DST while adjacent areas did not, and it was not unheard of to have to reset one's clock several times during a relatively short trip (e.g., bus drivers operating between Moundsville, West Virginia, and Steubenville, Ohio had to reset their watches seven times over 35 miles). In 1963, technical innovator Colin Chapman brought his Team Lotus to Indianapolis for the first time, attracted by the large monetary prizes, far bigger than the usual at a European event. States and localities were free to observe daylight saving time or not. In fact, it wouldn't be until the Indianapolis 500 was removed from the calendar that Europeans made their return, with Australian Jack Brabham driving his slightly modified F1 Cooper in the 1961 race. federal law did not address daylight saving time.

With the 500 having been a part of the World Drivers' Championship between 1950 and 1960, Ferrari made a discreet appearance at the 1952 event with Alberto Ascari, but European entries were few and far between during those days. From 1945 to 1966, U.S. In the meantime, European manufacturers, gone from the Indianapolis 500 for nearly two decades, made a brief return just before World War II, with the competitive Maserati 8CM allowing Wilbur Shaw to become the first driver to win consecutively at Indianapolis in 1941. This remained in effect until World War II began winding down and the requirement was removed on September 30, 1945. This motor was forever connected with the Brickyard's history with a to-date record total of 27 wins, in both naturally-aspirated and supercharged form, and winning a likewise record-holding 18 consecutive years between 1947 and 1964. Daylight saving time was reinstated in the United States on February 9, 1942, again as a wartime measure to conserve resources. However, in 1935, Miller's former employees, Fred Offenhauser and Leo Goosen, had already achieved their first win with the soon-to-become famous 4-cylinder Offenhauser or "Offy" engine. Beginning in 2007, it will start DST on the second Sunday in March, and change back to standard time on the first Sunday in November.

The engines then won another seven races until 1938 (again two of them, 1930 and 1932, in Miller-designated chassis), then ran at first with stock-type motors before later being adjusted to the international 3.0 liter formula. Through the end of 2006, the United States starts its DST on the first Sunday in April, and changes back to standard time on the last Sunday in October. Miller then created his own automobiles, which shared the 'Miller' designation, and which were powered by in turn by supercharged versions of his 2.0 and 1.5 litre (122 and 91 in³) engine single-seaters, winning four more races for the engine up to 1929 (two of them, 1926 and 1928, in Miller chassis). state of Arizona, which also does not observe DST. In the early 20s, Miller built his own 3.0 litre (183 in³) engine, inspired by the Peugeot Grand Prix engine which had been serviced in his shop by Fred Offenhauser in 1914, installing it in the back of Jimmy Murphy's Duesenberg and allowing him to win the 1922 edition of the race. The Mexican state of Sonora does not observe DST because it borders on the U.S.
. Mexico has adopted DST nationwide, even in its tropical regions, because of its increasing economic ties to the United States.

His technical developments allowed him to be indirectly connected to a history of success that would last into the mid-1970s. Since April 2004, Cuba has remained on DST. However, after World War I, the native drivers and manufacturers regained their dominance of the race, with the engineer Harry Arminius Miller setting himself up as the most competitive of the post-war builders. Cuba always starts its DST on April 1 but the end date varies. Although the first race was won by an American driver at the wheel of an American car, European makers such as the Italian Fiat or French Peugeot companies soon developed their own vehicles to try and win the event, which they did from 1913 to 1919. Saskatchewan Government Relations gives further details on Saskatchewan's time policies. 80,200 spectators paid $1 admission, and an annual tradition had been established. Lloydminster and its immediately surrounding region in Saskatchewan use the same timekeeping routine used by Alberta, DST with Mountain Standard Time.

This victory is depicted in a limited edition bronze sculpture entitled "The Wasp" by American automotive artist Stanley Wanlass. The charter of the city of Lloydminster, which is bisected by the Saskatchewan–Alberta border, gives it a special exception (among areas in Saskatchewan) to use DST. The first "500" was held at the Speedway on Memorial Day, May 30, 1911, with Ray Harroun piloting a Marmon "Wasp" -- outfitted with his invention, the rear-view mirror -- to victory. Observationally, this is equivalent to the province being on Mountain Daylight Time year-round, though officially the province is considered to be part of the Central time zone. The creation of a 500 mile (804.672 km) race allowed the track to rapidly acquire a privileged status for automobile races. (This policy was implemented when the Saskatchewan Time Act was passed in 1966, to solve the problems that arose when time zones varied from town to town.) Thus, in the summer months Saskatchewan is in sync with Mountain Daylight Time and in the winter months it is in sync with Central Standard Time. Fisher. Saskatchewan is bisected by 105° west meridian, the central meridian of the Mountain Standard Time Zone (UTC−7), yet clocks are kept at UTC−6 all year long.

The Indianapolis Motor Speedway complex was built in 1909, and hosted a smattering of small events before the promoters decided to focus on one major event and it was paved with 3.2 million bricks urged by principal Carl G. The province of Saskatchewan is the largest part of that country that does not use DST, that is, it does not adjust clocks in spring and fall. . The remaining provinces and territories will continue change time on the first Sunday of April and last Sunday of October unless they change their legislation. In May 2005, the race celebrated its 60th consecutive year of uninterrupted occurrence. In 2007, their DST will start on the second Sunday of March, and return to standard time on the first Sunday in November. The event lends its name to the "IndyCar" class of formula, or open-wheel, race cars that have competed in it and has been broadcast live over radio on the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Radio Network since 1952, and televised on ABC Sports since 1965, with live flag-to-flag coverage beginning in 1986. rules (The Calgary Sun).

First known and held as the International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race in 1911, "The Greatest Spectacle in Racing," or simply "Indy," is one of the oldest and richest motorsport events in existence, and the largest single-day sporting event worldwide in both on-grounds attendance and international audience (recent estimates placing the latter in excess of 320 million). The governments of Ontario, Manitoba, Quebec, and Alberta have pledged to change their daylight saving rules to match the new U.S. The Indianapolis 500-Mile Race, frequently shortened to Indianapolis 500 or Indy 500, is an American automobile race held annually over the Memorial Day weekend at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana. In Canada, time is under provincial and territorial jurisdiction, not federal. Indianapolis 500 year by year. Also, in 1988, they experimented with Double Daylight Time, when the clocks went ahead by two hours, instead of the usual one hour. Indianapolis 500 Firsts. The Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador is an exception in that the time changes take place at 00:01 local standard time and 00:01 local daylight time respectively.

Indianapolis 500 Records. In 2007, the starting and ending dates for DST will change in the United States and parts of Canada (see below). North America generally follows the same procedure, going by local time in each zone, each time zone switching at 02:00 LST (local standard time) to 03:00 LDT (local daylight time) on the first Sunday in April, and again from 02:00 LDT to 01:00 LST on the last Sunday in October. Polar or near-polar locations such as Iceland often opt out, as summer in these locations usually brings nearly uninterrupted daylight. With Iceland observing UTC all year round, despite being at a longitude which would indicate UTC-1, the country may be said to be on continuous DST.

Thus in Moscow (local time = UTC+3 in winter, UTC+4 in summer), daylight-saving time commences at 23:00 UTC on the day before the last Sunday in March, and ends at 23:00 UTC on the day before the last Sunday in October. In Russia, however, although the changeover dates are the same, clocks are moved forward or back at 02:00 winter time in all zones. (See also: European Summer Time). from local times of 01:00/02:00/03:00 to 02:00/03:00/04:00 in March, and vice versa in October.

In the West European (UTC), Central European (UTC+1), and East European (UTC+2) time zones the change is simultaneous: on both dates the clocks are changed everywhere at 01:00 UTC, i.e. All countries in Europe, except Iceland as noted below, observe daylight-saving time and change on the same date: moving clocks forward one hour on the last Sunday in March and back one hour on the last Sunday in October. The Department of Internal Affairs gives further historical information on their website. In New Zealand, daylight saving time begins at 2am (standard time) on the first Sunday in October each year, and ends at 2am (standard time) on the third Sunday of March.

See the Australian time zones article or this site for maps and further information on standard and daylight saving time in Australia. Queensland experimented with it for a year or two in the early 1970s, but it was not popular and was abandoned. Western Australia, Northern Territory and Queensland do not have daylight saving. Tasmania starts DST earlier than the others, usually near the beginning of October.

New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Australian Capital Territory and South Australia apply daylight saving time. Some states/territories implement it and some do not. In Australia, daylight saving time is a state/territory-based initiative. It has not used DST since then.

Pakistan experimented with DST in 2002 going from +5:00 to +6:00. For more on this subject, see Israeli Daylight Saving Law. Israel's Daylight Saving Time rules have changed repeatedly in recent years; there has been trouble reaching a consensus regarding Gregorian calendar end dates for DST as they are dependant on Jewish Holidays, which follow the lunar Hebrew calendar. Israel adopts Daylight Saving Time on the last Friday before April 2 at 02:00, and returns to standard time at 02:00 of the Sunday of the month of Tishrei between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.

Thus, DST in Iran starts on the first day of Farvardin (around 21-22 March) and ends on the first day of Mehr (around 22 September). Iran uses the Persian calendar. India used DST briefly during its wars with Pakistan and China. The PRC now uses one universal time zone for all of the nation from Urumqi in the northwest to Fujian in the southeast; the size of the nation was a major factor why DST was not considered practical in China.

The People's Republic of China experimented with DST from 1986, but abandoned it in the 1990s. Egypt operates Daylight-Saving Time between the last Friday in April and the last Thursday in September when the clocks are 3 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT+3). In the Southern Hemisphere, the beginning and ending dates are switched (thus the time difference between, e.g., the United Kingdom and Chile may be three, four, or five hours). DST commonly begins in the Northern Hemisphere on either the first Sunday in April or the last Sunday in March, and ends on the last Sunday in October.

With a few exceptions, switchovers between standard time and daylight saving time generally occur in the early morning hours of a Sunday morning, presumably because doing so then causes less disruption than a change on a weekday would. The dates of the beginning and ending of DST also vary by country. The amount of the time shift varies, but one hour is the most common. state in the tropics, does not observe DST.

Hawaii, the only U.S. Daylight saving time is generally a temperate zone practice; day lengths in the tropics do not vary enough to justify DST. The law, however, proved so unpopular (mostly because people rose and went to bed earlier than in current times) that the law was later repealed. It was observed for seven months in 1918 and 1919.

Congress established several time zones (which were already in use by railroads and most cities since 1883) and made daylight saving time official (which went into effect on March 31) for the remainder of World War I. Then on March 19, 1918, the U.S. Shortly afterward, the United Kingdom followed suit, first adopting DST between May 21 and October 1, 1916. The idea of daylight saving time was first put into practice by the German government during the First World War between April 30 and October 1, 1916.

It was first seriously proposed by William Willett in the "Waste of Daylight", published in 1907, but he was unable to get the British government to adopt it despite considerable lobbying. (Read the full text.) However, the article was humorous; Franklin was not proposing DST, but rather that people should get up and go to bed earlier. It is sometimes asserted that DST was first proposed by Benjamin Franklin in a letter to the editors of the Journal of Paris. .

Note that the term commonly used in the United States, daylight savings time, is incorrect, for both historic (the correct name as provided by the act which inaugurated it in the United States is daylight saving time) and grammatical reasons. DST is most commonly used in temperate regions, due to the considerable variation in the amount of daylight versus darkness through the seasons in those regions. This is intended to provide a better match between the hours of daylight and the active hours of work and school. The official time is adjusted forward, (usually) one hour from its official standard time, remaining that way for the duration of the spring and summer months.

Daylight saving time (also called DST) is a term used for a system intended to "save" daylight (It is also known as summer time in both Britain and Europe). American Journal of Public Health 85, 92–95. (1995) Daylight saving time and motor vehicle crashes: the reduction in pedestrian and vehicle occupant fatalities. et al.

^  Ferguson, S.A. Their observance of DST was unofficial in this case, as a strict reading of the Uniform Time Act would not allow for this situation, but by observing DST, they remained synchronized with the greater Louisville and Cincinnati metropolitan areas. 2 counties near Cincinnati, Ohio and 3 counties near Louisville, Kentucky were on Eastern Standard time but did observe DST. 5 northwestern counties near Chicago, Illinois and 5 southwestern counties near Evansville, Indiana were on Central Standard Time and did use DST.

77 counties — most of the state — were on Eastern Standard Time but did not use DST.