Ice cream

A minority of non-dairy ice creams are based on nut butter. The 2016 Games and subsequent events are to-be-determined. Soy ice cream and rice ice cream are made with soy milk or rice milk instead. The 2012 Summer Olympics are to be held in London, United Kingdom. Some ice creams are made without milk. The 2008 Summer Olympics are to be held in Beijing, China. The following is a partial list of ice-cream-like frozen desserts and snacks:. The games were appreciated for their excellent quality, from the point of view of their organisation, hospitality, the excellence of the competition, and the image transmitted worldwide.

After the liquid nitrogen has completely vaporized, the remaining nitrogen bubbles are perfectly harmless, since nitrogen is the major component of air. Yet, none of those fears became a reality. The result, due to the extreme rapid cooling of the mixture, is a very smooth ice cream containing only small ice crystals. Greece spent at least $7.2 billion on the Games, including $1.5 billion on security alone -- an enormous sum that will take many years, if not decades, to pay off. The preparation is spectacular, since it results in a column of white condensed vapor, reminiscent of movie depictions of witches' cauldrons. Also, as these were the first games after the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States, there were many fears about terrorist attacks taking place. Adding liquid nitrogen with the rest of the ingredients and stirring vigorously produces a very smooth ice cream. Many doubted the city would be ready to host the games in time.

This is an interesting legend, but it has not been substantiated. 2004 saw the games return to their birthplace, in Athens, Greece. Next door to the ice cream booth was the waffle booth; the waffle maker offered to make cones by rolling up his waffles; the new product became extremely popular at the fair and was widely copied by other vendors. Eric "the Eel" Moussambani, a swimmer from Equatorial Guinea, had a memorably slow 100 m freestyle swim that showed that, even in the commercial world of the twentieth century, some of de Coubertin's original vision still remained. According to legend, at the World's Fair an ice cream seller had run out of clean dishes, so he couldn't sell any more ice cream. The 2000 Games were held in Sydney, Australia, and showcased individual performances by local favourite Ian Thorpe in the pool, Briton Steve Redgrave who won a rowing Gold medal in an unprecedented fifth consecutive Olympics, and Cathy Freeman, whose triumph in the 400 m united a packed stadium and provided a bridge between white and aboriginal Australians. Louis World's fair in 1904. (In June 2003, the principal suspect in this bombing, Eric Robert Rudolph, was captured.).

The popularity of selling ice cream in cones increased greatly during the St. The atmosphere at the Games was marred however when a bomb exploded during the celebration in Centennial Park. She patented and manufactured an ice cream maker and was the first person to suggest using liquid gases to freeze ice cream after seeing a demonstration at the Royal Institution. television. Agnes Marshall was a celebrated cookery writer of her day and helped to popularise ice cream. The latter event took place not at the boxing ring but in the basketball arena, at the demand of U.S. Mrs Marshall's Cookery Book, published in 1888, endorsed serving ice cream in cones, but the idea probably predated that cookbook. There were also emotional scenes, such as when Muhammad Ali, clearly affected by Parkinson's disease, lit the Olympic torch and received a replacement medal for the one he had discarded in 1960.

In the UK this is a minimum of 5% fat and a minimum of 2.5% milk protein (Schedule 8, the Food Labelling Regulations 1996) [1] (pdf). This was popularly felt to be an appropriate recompense for the previous national disgrace involving Ben Johnson. In apparent contradiction to the above paragraph, the Ice Cream Alliance Ltd, a trade association for the UK ice-cream industry, says that: "It is necessary for a manufacturer to be aware of the compositional requirements of the country in which he intends to sell his ice cream. Canadians savoured Donovan Bailey's record-breaking gold medal run in the 100-metre dash. However, ice cream sold as dairy ice cream must contain milk fat, and many companies make sure that dairy is prominently displayed on their packaging or businesses. In the stadium in 1996, the highlight was 200 m runner Michael Johnson annihilating the world record in front of a home crowd. Instead, it is made with vegetable oil, usually hydrogenated palm kernel oil. It was also widely rumoured that the Coca-Cola company was highly influential in the 1996 Games being hosted by their home city of Atlanta, Georgia.

In the United Kingdom, much of the lower-priced ice cream sold, including that from some ice cream vans, has no milk or milk solids content at all. By then the process of choosing a location for the Games had itself become a commercial concern; allegations of corruption rocked the International Olympic Committee, in particular with reference to Salt Lake City's bid to host the Winter Olympic Games. Italian ice-cream parlours (Eisdielen) are common and popular in Germany where many Italians have immigrated and set up business. basketball's "Dream Team." 1992 also saw the reintroduction to the Games of several smaller European states which had been incorporated into the USSR since World War II. Before the cone became popular for serving ice cream, Italian street vendors would serve the ice cream in a small glass dish referred to as a 'penny lick' or wrapped in waxed paper and known as a hokey-pokey (possibly a corruption of the Italian "ecco un poco" - "here is a little"). In evidence there was increased professionalism amongst Olympic athletes, exemplified by U.S. Ice cream today is a traditional dessert in Italy, where it is still mostly hand-made, though one of the most known ice-cream machine makers is the Carpigiani. The 1992 Barcelona Games were cleaner, although not without incident.

Per Capita, Australians consume the most amount of ice cream than anywhere else. On the bright side, drug testing and regulation authorities were catching up with the cheating that had been endemic in athletics for some years. For example, Japanese mochi ice cream is now popular in California, even outside Japanese restaurants and Little Tokyos. This decision in particular would lead to a total overhaul of the judging process before the next games. Globalization has made available ice-cream styles from around the world. This culminated in local light-middleweight Park Si-hun being awarded the gold medal despite being conclusively outboxed in the final by American Roy Jones, Jr. Both Ben and Jerry's and Häagen-Dazs fall into this category. There was an additional scandal in the boxing ring, where Korean fighters were awarded dubious decisions by the judges.

The 1990s saw a return of the older, thicker, ice creams being sold as "premium" varieties. The outcry reached its zenith when Ben Johnson, the Canadian winner of the men's 100 m sprint, was discovered to be a steroid user and disqualified. The ice cream was also very popular amongst consumers who preferred the light flavour, and most major ice cream brands now use this manufacturing process. Despite splendid drug-free performances by many individuals, the number of people who failed screenings for performance-enhancing chemicals overshadowed the games. This allowed manufacturers to use less of the actual ingredients, saving money. The 1988 Seoul games were sadly tainted when many of the athletes failed mandatory drug tests. A chemical research team in Britain (of which a young Margaret Thatcher was a member) discovered a method of doubling the amount of air in ice cream. Again, the games lost a measure of their appeal by the absence of one of the superpowers.

One important development in the 20th century was the introduction of soft ice cream. The games were again viable, but had become more commercial. Howard Johnson's restaurants advertised "a world of 28 flavors." Baskin-Robbins made its 31 flavors ("one for every day of the month") the cornerstone of its marketing strategy; the company now boasts that it has developed over 1000 varieties. These games were perhaps the first games of a new era. Vendors often competed on the basis of variety. In 1984 the Soviet Union, and 14 Eastern Europe countries, reciprocated by boycotting the Los Angeles games. Soon there was an explosion of ice cream stores and of flavors and types. This contributed to the 1980 Games being a less publicised and less competitive affair, which was dominated by the host country.

Ice cream became extremely popular throughout the world in the second half of the 20th Century after cheap refrigeration became common and wages became high enough to indulge in such minor luxuries. Notably, Great Britain and Greece did not withdraw. During Prohibition, the soda fountain was promoted as an alternative to the saloon. Following the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan, 66 nations, including the United States, Canada, West Germany and Japan, boycotted the 1980 games held in Moscow. Around the turn of the 20th Century, the ice cream soda was consumed at the soda shop, the soda fountain, and the ice cream parlor. The Romanian gymnast Nadia Comaneci won the women's individual all around gold medal with a succession of perfect scores, thus giving birth to a gymnastics dynasty in Romania. Retail storefront outlets developed as chains of ice cream stores, such as Baskin Robbins. There was also a boycott by African nations to protest a recent tour of apartheid South Africa by a New Zealand rugby side.

The history of ice cream in the 20th century is one of great change and increase in availability and popularity. For a time, it seemed that the Olympics might no longer be a viable financial proposition. Both the ice cream cone and banana split were popularized in the first years of the 20th century. There was no such tragedy in Montreal in 1976, but bad planning led to the Games' cost far exceeding the budget. Some versions say that the sundae was invented to circumvent the Blue Laws, which forbade serving sodas on Sunday. Some memorable athletic achievements did occur during these Games, notably the winning of a record seven gold medals by United States swimmer Mark Spitz, and the winning of three gold medals by 16-year-old Soviet gymnast Olga Korbut. Several men claimed to have created the first sundae, but there is no solid evidence to back up any of their stories. After much debate, it was decided that the Games would continue, but proceedings were obviously dominated by these events.

The ice cream sundae originated in the late 19th Century. In the firefight that followed, 15 people, including the remaining nine Israeli athletes and all but one of the terrorists, were killed. It was probably invented by Robert Green in 1874, although there is no conclusive evidence to prove his claim. Eventually the captors, still holding their hostages, were offered safe passage and taken to an airport, where they were ambushed by German security forces. This was followed by the invention of the ice cream soda. When the Israelis refused to make concessions, a tense stand-off ensued while negotiations continued. In 1843 Nancy Johnson became the first American to patent a handcranked ice cream freezer. The terrorists demanded that Israel release numerous Arab prisoners.

Dolley Madison is also closely associated with the early history of ice cream in the United States. An extreme Palestinian terrorist group named Black September invaded the Olympic village and held several members of the Israeli weightlifting team hostage, and killed two of them. Ben Franklin, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson were among the elite who regularly ate and served ice cream. Politics again intervened at Munich in 1972, with lethal consequences. Confectioners, many of whom were Frenchmen, sold ice cream at their shops in New York and other cities during the Colonial era. Politics took centre stage in the medal ceremony for the men's 200-metre dash, where Tommie Smith and John Carlos made a protest gesture on the podium against the segregation in the USA; their political act was condemned within the Olympic Movement, but was praised in the American Civil Rights Movement. Contemporary western-style ice cream, however was probably “discovered” in the 1600’s, and was introduced to the United States by colonists who brought their ice cream recipes with them. The 1968 Games also saw the introduction of the now-universal Fosbury flop, a technique which won American high jumper Dick Fosbury the gold medal.

Snow-cones, made from balls of crushed ice topped with sweet syrup served in a paper cone, are consumed in many parts of the world. In a previously tight competition, US athlete Bob Beamon jumped 8.90 m, destroying the world record and, in the words of fellow competitor and then-reigning champion Lynn Davies, "making the rest of us look silly." Beamon's world record would stand for 23 years. People living directly alongside snow and ice have probably always put sweet things like honey and fruit juice on frozen water for variety, as some still do to this day. No event was affected more than the long jump. While it was not yet ice cream per se, some examples of early pre-planned ice dishes include the Roman emperor Nero (37-68) who is said to have ordered ice to be brought from the mountains and combined with fruit toppings, and King Tang (618-97) of the Shang Dynasty who is said to have had a method of creating ice and milk concoctions. Performances at the 1968 Mexico City games were affected by the altitude of the host city. Ice cream most likely did originate in China, but it is unknown how and when the idea made its way into the Western world. The 1964 Games were thus a turning point in the global visibility and popularity of the Olympics.

There is, however, no historical evidence to support this legend, which first appeared during the 19th century and was probably created by imaginative ice cream vendors. These games were the first to be broadcast live on television, enabled by the recent advent of communication satellites, and helped introduce the world to colour television. Charles I was supposedly so impressed by the "frozen snow" that he offered his own ice cream maker a lifetime pension in return for keeping the formula secret, so that ice cream could be a royal prerogative. The 1964 Games held in Tokyo are notable for heralding the modern age of telecommunications. Catherine de Medici's Italian chefs are said to have carried the ice cream recipe to France when she went there in 1533 to marry the Duc d'Orléans. Other performers of note in 1960 included Wilma Rudolph, a gold medallist in the 100 m, 200 m and 4x100 m relay events. According to legend, Marco Polo saw ice cream being made on his trip to China, bringing the recipe home to Italy with him on his return. The 1960 Rome Games saw the arrival on the world scene of a young light-heavyweight boxer named Cassius Clay, later known as Muhammad Ali, who would later throw his gold medal away in disgust after being refused service in a whites only restaurant in his home town.

It is believed that the Song dynasty (宋朝) was the time when people began putting fruit juice in the water used to create the ice; milk was beginning to be used in the Yuan dynasty (元朝). The 1956 Melbourne Games were largely successful, barring a water polo match between Hungary and the Soviet Union, which political tensions caused to end as a pitched battle between the teams. The Chinese put sugar in the ice and sold them as food during the summer. Pacing himself by chatting with the other leaders, Zátopek led from about half way, slowly dropping the remaining contenders to win by two and a half minutes, and completed a trio both of wins and Olympic records. Saltpeter was used for the production of gunpowder in China, and the Chinese discovered that saltpeter in water caused the water to absorb heat, thus creating ice in summer. Having first won both the 10,000 and 5,000 metre races, he also entered the marathon, despite having never previously raced at that distance. There are several popular legends surrounding the discovery of ice cream. At the 1952 Games in Helsinki, Finland made a legend of an amiable Czech army lieutenant named Emil Zátopek, who was intent on improving on his single gold and silver medals from 1948.

There are many kinds of Arabian Ice cream "Butha" we can find in the market they have advantages of being healthy and fresh as they are made of fresh milk. Dutch sprinter Fanny Blankers-Koen won four gold medals on the track, emulating Owens' achievement in Berlin. Arabs introduced gelato to the west through Sicily. The first post-war Games were held in 1948 in London, with both Germany and Japan excluded. It was made of a chilled syrup or milk with fruits and some nuts. The Games of 1940 and 1944 were cancelled due to World War II. Ice cream was the favourite dessert for the Caliphs of Baghdad, Arabs were the first to make it or at least commercially as there were ice cream factories in the 10th century and the first to sugar Ice cream, it was sold in markets of all Arab cities in the past. The tale of Hitler snubbing Owens at the ensuing medal ceremony is a fabrication.

See also Kulfi, another originally Persian form of the ice cream. In particular, the black sprinter and long jumper Jesse Owens won 4 gold medals. 1 2. The result, Olympia, was a masterpiece, despite Hitler's theories of Aryan racial superiority being repeatedly shown up by non-Aryan athletes. The mix is then frozen, and mixed with rosewater and lemons, before serving. The ruling Nazi Party commissioned film-maker Leni Riefenstahl to film the games. The treat, widely made today in Iran, is called "faludeh", which is made from starch (wheat, probably), spun in a kind of sieve-like contraption which produces threads or drops of the batter, which are boiled in water. The 1936 Berlin Games were seen by the German government as a golden opportunity to promote their ideology.

The ice was then mixed in with saffron, fruits, and various other flavors. Louis games. The storages worked by using tall windcatchers that kept the sub-level storage space at frigid temperatures. This was in stark contrast to 1932 when the Los Angeles games were affected by the Great Depression, which contributed to the fewest competitors since the St. These storages kept ice brought in from the winter or from nearby mountains well into the summer. The 1928 Amsterdam games were notable for being the first games which allowed females to compete at track & field athletics, and benefitted greatly from the general prosperity of the times alongside the first appearance of sponsorship of the games, from Coca-Cola. The Persians had already mastered the technique of storing ice inside giant naturally cooled refrigerators known as yakhchals. "The Flying Finn", won three team gold medals and the individual 1,500 and 5,000 metre runs, the latter two on the same day.

In 400 BCE Persia, a special chilled pudding-like dish, made of rosewater and vermicelli, working out as something like a cross between a sorbet and a rice pudding, was served to the royalty during summers. This record only stood until 1924, when the Paris Games would involve 3,000 competitors, the greatest of whom was Finnish runner Paavo Nurmi. On the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, ice cream is sometimes sold to beachgoers from small powerboats equipped with chest freezers. The 1920 Antwerp games in war-ravaged Belgium were a subdued affair, but again drew a record number of competitors. There are even some ice-cream distributors who sell ice-cream products door-to-door from travelling refrigerated vans, often equipped with speakers playing a children's music tune. The scheduled Berlin Games of 1916 were cancelled following the onset of World War I. Ice cream can be purchased in large tubs and squrounds from supermarkets/grocery stores, in smaller quantities from ice cream shops, convenience stores, and milk bars, and in individual serves from small carts or vans at public events and places. They were reinstated in 1983, 30 years after his death.

Today, ice cream is enjoyed around the world on a daily basis thanks to mass production. Thorpe had previously played a few games of baseball for a fee, and saw his medals stripped for this breach of amateurism. The most common method for producing ice-cream at home is to use an ice-cream machine, generally an electrical device that churns the ice cream while refrigerated inside a household freezer or using ice and salt for cooling. The Games continued to grow, attracting 2,500 competitors to Stockholm in 1912, including the great all-rounder Jim Thorpe, who won both the decathlon and pentathlon. The development of industrial refrigeration by German engineer Carl von Linde during the 1870s obviated the cutting and storing of natural ice and then the continuous-process freezer was perfected in 1926, allowing commercial mass production of ice cream and the birth of the modern ice-cream industry. He was helped over the finish line by concerned race officials, but later he was disqualified and the gold medal was awarded to John Hayes, who had trailed him by around 30 seconds. He sold his business to Borden. At the end of the 1908 marathon the Italian runner Dorando Pietri was first to enter the stadium, but he was clearly in distress, and collapsed of exhaustion before he could complete the event.

Many were still around well into the 20th century. At the six Olympic games between 1900 and 1920, the marathon was raced over six different distances. Fussell opened ice cream parlors as far west as Texas. The marathon had been 40 km for the first games in 1896, but was subsequently varied by up to 2 km due to local conditions such as street and stadium layout. This allowed the previously expensive concoction to be offered at prices everyone could afford. This distance was chosen to ensure that the race finished in front of the box occupied by the British royal family. An unstable demand for his milk led him to mass produce ice cream. The 1908 London Games saw numbers rise again, as well as the first running of the marathon over its now-standard distance of 42.195 km (26 miles 385 yards).

The world's first commercial ice-cream factory was opened in Baltimore, Maryland in 1851, by Jacob Fussell, a dairy farmer. Anyway, they certainly positively contributed to the success of future games after the less successful 1900 and 1904 Games. The hand-cranked churn, which still used ice and salt for cooling, was invented by an American named Nancy Johnson in 1846, making production simpler. These games are not currently recognised as being Olympic Games by the IOC, though most historians do see them as such. Ice cream was made by hand in a large bowl surrounded by packed ice and salt. As it also turned out to be the last, the reason for the games is now sought in the "tenth birthday" of the games. Ice was cut commercially from lakes and ponds during the winter and stored in large heaps in holes in the ground, insulated by straw. There followed a smaller games in Athens in 1906, the first of an alternating series of games to be held in Athens.

The dissolving of salt in water is endothermic and the salt allows liquid water to be below the freezing point of pure water, allowing the immersed container with cream to make better contact with the melted water/ice mixture. In contrast with Paris 1900, the word Olympic was abused for many contests, such as those for school boys or for Irish-Americans. The temperature was reduced by placing the ice cream mixture into a container that was immersed in a mixture of crushed ice and salt. Louis, USA, due in part to the lengthy transatlantic boat trip required of the European competitors, and the integration with the Louisiana Purchase Exposition World's fair, which again spread the event out over an extended period. The making of ice cream was originally a laborious process. Numbers declined again for the 1904 Games in St. Before the development of modern refrigeration ice cream was a luxury item reserved for special occasions. It is still disputed which events exactly were Olympic, since few or maybe even none of the events were advertised as such at the time.

. The Games were integrated with the Paris World's fair and lasted over 5 months. Many people also like ice cream sundaes, which often have ice cream, hot fudge, nuts, whipped cream, cherries and other toppings of their choice. Four years later (in 1900) the Paris games attracted more than four times as many athletes, including 11 women, who were allowed to compete for the first time, in croquet and tennis. Some of the most popular ice cream flavours in supermarkets are vanilla, chocolate, strawberry, and Neapolitan (a combination of the three). Nevertheless, no international events of this magnitude had been organised before. Ice-creams come in a wide variety of flavours, often with additives such as chocolate flakes or chips, nuts, fruit, and small candies/sweets. The first games, held in Athens in 1896, attracted just 245 competitors, of whom more than 200 were Greek, and only 14 countries were represented.

The use of stabilizers rather than actual cream and the incorporation of air also decreases the fat and caloric content of less expensive ice creams, making them more appealing to those on diets. The modern Olympic Games were founded in 1894 when Pierre Fredi, Baron de Coubertin sought to promote international understanding through sporting competition. Since ice cream is sold by volume, it's economically advantageous for producers to reduce the density of the product in order to cut costs. . Generally speaking, the finest ice creams have less than 30% air, but more than 15%. The football World Cup attracts more global interest, as measured by the larger television audience. Artisan-produced ice creams, such as Berthillon's, often contain very little air, although some is necessary to produce the characteristic creamy texture of the product. Though the most diverse sporting event in the world, the Olympics are perhaps not the most popular.

Generally, the less expensive the ice-cream, the lower the quality of the ingredients (for example, replacing vanilla bean with artificial vanillin), and the more air is incorporated, sometimes as much as 50% of the total volume. The special case of Taiwan was handled by having it compete as Chinese Taipei, to avoid the issue of Taiwanese independence. These ingredients make up the solid part of the ice cream, but only a portion of the final volume, the remainder being air incorporated during the whipping process. In general only recognised nations are represented, but a few non-sovereign countries are allowed to take part. Modern commercial ice cream is made from a mixture of ingredients:. National anthems and flags accompany the medal ceremonies, and tables showing the number of medals won by each country are widely used. Governments often regulate the use of these terms based on quantities of ingredients. Competitors are entered by a National Olympic Committee (NOC) to represent their country of citizenship.

Frozen custard, ice milk, sorbet and other similar products are often also called ice cream. Medals are awarded in each event, with gold for first place, silver for second and bronze for third, a tradition which started in 1904. Although the term "ice cream" is sometimes used to mean frozen desserts and snacks in general, it is usually reserved for frozen desserts and snacks made with a high percentage of milk fat. Olympic victory is widely considered to be the most prestigious achievement in sports. This mixture is cooled while stirring to prevent large ice crystals from forming. The Olympics are the most prestigious of such events in the world. Ice cream (originally iced cream) is a frozen dessert made from dairy products such as cream (or equivalents), combined with flavourings and sweeteners. The Summer Olympic Games are an international multi-sport event held every four years, organised by the International Olympic Committee.

Kulfi: brought to Pakistan and India by the Mughals from Persia during the 1500s, later brought to the West as the result of colonialism and immigration. 2012 - Games of the XXX Olympiad - London, United Kingdom. Pop: frozen fruit puree, fruit juice, or flavored sugar water on a stick or in a flexible plastic sleeve. 2008 - Games of the XXIX Olympiad - Beijing, China / Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China (Equestrian events). Sorbet: fruit puree and no milk products. 2004 - Games of the XXVIII Olympiad - Athens, Greece. Sherbet: 1-2% milk fat and more sweetener than ice cream. 2000 - Games of the XXVII Olympiad - Sydney, Australia.

Gelato: an Italian frozen dessert. 1996 - Games of the XXVI Olympiad - Atlanta, United States. Mellorine: non-dairy, with vegetable fat substituted for milk fat. 1992 - Games of the XXV Olympiad - Barcelona, Spain. Frozen yogurt. 1988 - Games of the XXIV Olympiad - Seoul, South Korea. Frozen custard: at least 10% milk fat and at least 1.4% egg yolk and much less air beaten into it, similar to Gelato, fairly rare. 1984 - Games of the XXIII Olympiad - Los Angeles, United States.

Ice milk: less than 10% milk fat and lower sweetening content, sold as low-fat ice cream in the United States. 1980 - Games of the XXII Olympiad - Moscow, Soviet Union (now Moscow, Russia). 55%-64% water which comes from milk solids or other ingredients. 1976 - Games of the XXI Olympiad - Montréal, Canada. 0.2-0.5% stabilizers and emulsifiers e.g., agar or carrageenan extracted from seaweed. 1972 - Games of the XX Olympiad - Munich, West Germany (now Munich, Germany). 12-16% sweeteners: usually a combination of sucrose and/or glucose-based corn syrup sweeteners. 1968 - Games of the XIX Olympiad - Mexico City, Mexico.

9-12% milk solids-not-fat: this component, also known as the serum solids, contains the proteins (caseins and whey proteins) and carbohydrates (lactose) found in milk. 1964 - Games of the XVIII Olympiad - Tokyo, Japan. 10-16% milk fat. 1960 - Games of the XVII Olympiad - Rome, Italy. 1956 - Games of the XVI Olympiad - Melbourne, Australia / Stockholm, Sweden (Equestrian events). 1952 - Games of the XV Olympiad - Helsinki, Finland.

1948 - Games of the XIV Olympiad - London, United Kingdom. 1944 - Games of the XIII Olympiad - London, United Kingdom- Cancelled due to the still raging World War II. 1940 - Games of the XII Olympiad - Helsinki, Finland - Cancelled following the onset of World War II. 1936 - Games of the XI Olympiad - Berlin, Germany.

1932 - Games of the X Olympiad - Los Angeles, United States. 1928 - Games of the IX Olympiad - Amsterdam, Netherlands. 1924 - Games of the VIII Olympiad - Paris, France. 1920 - Games of the VII Olympiad - Antwerp, Belgium.

1916 - Games of the VI Olympiad - Berlin, Germany - Cancelled following the onset of World War I. 1912 - Games of the V Olympiad - Stockholm, Sweden. 1908 - Games of the IV Olympiad - London, United Kingdom. 1906 - Intercalated Games - Athens, Greece.

Louis, United States. 1904 - Games of the III Olympiad - St. 1900 - Games of the II Olympiad - Paris, France. 1896 - Games of the I Olympiad - Athens, Greece.

Includes Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling. Wrestling - every edition except 1900