Hurricane Katrina

101. Not to be confused with the actual year the episode originally aired. The Immigration and Nationality Act defines "refugee" in Sec. The following is a timeframe which features the year the particular episode is set in. ^[99]. Six Feet Under returned to its old timeslot on July 10, 2005 after having been in the new timeslot for only five episodes. news outlets eliminated the usage of "refugees". The Monday night experiment ultimately failed due to decreased ratings and complaints.

Most of the major U.S. Much to the chagrin of loyal viewers since every episode prior had aired on a Sunday, it would be foolish to move the series during its final season. In one analysis, ^[98] it was found that "refugees" appeared 5 times more frequently in the global media than "evacuees", which some people see as more neutral. The reason being to add an additional night of programming to the HBO lineup for their upcoming summer season which included Entourage and The Comeback. Another concern was the media's choice of terminology for the displaced. In March 2005, HBO announced that the final season of Six Feet Under would be moved to Monday evenings starting June 6. ^[97]. Two soundtrack albums, featuring music that had appeared in the series, were released:.

The photographers said they had written what they saw, finding items floating in the water in one case, and taking items from a store in the other case. The following songs were played during the teaser trailers for the seasons following Season 1:. But the photos and captions were from two news organizations and two photographers. Music, according to creator Alan Ball, plays an integral role in the life of Six Feet Under, as it depicts the mood of the Fishers. A caption said a white couple as had found items and a different caption said black man as having looted. The promos often depicted the mood that may have occurred in previous episodes or foretold future scenarios. Some people perceived racism in a pair of photo captions that were posted at Yahoo.com. As Six Feet Under gradually became a topic in pop culture after Season 1, HBO came up with very stylish promotional ads to promote the anticipation of upcoming seasons.

For instance, civil rights groups were very displeased with the use of the word "looter" in regard to the predominately black citizens of New Orleans. Six Feet Under has had several guest star appearances by Hollywood actors either portraying themselves or playing a character on the series. Language was one of the specific fields in which the debate about the racial elements of the aftermath played out. In all cases, the story carries on from where it left off in the previous episode. According to poll data and media accounts, the treatment of victims in New Orleans led to feelings of distrust, alienation and anger among black Americans nationwide. Sometimes six months passes between each episode; on other occasions, a day. The impact of the racial dimension of the tragedy may affect African-Americans most. The show devotes considerable attention to continuity.

"Within days after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Congress passed and the president signed legislation authorizing a 9/11 victims compensation fund, which eventually provided more than $7 billion in compensation for the victims of 9/11," Morial said in a press release.^[96] "As it did then, Congress must take immediate and decisive action to begin compensating American citizens whose lives have been disrupted by this major national tragedy.". Some of the deaths in the series have occurred in other periods, such as the 1970s and the 1950s; in these cases, the story is brought up to date so that the plot revolves around the ramifications of the death, rather than the death itself. African-American leaders including Jesse Jackson and Marc Morial of the National Urban League have also called for the creation of a victims' compensation fund modeled after the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund. The next episode is set on January 8, 2001 [1]. NBC also issued an apology for the comments.) ^[95]. (played by Richard Jenkins) dies in the pilot, which begins on December 24, 2000. (West's comments were heard in the entirety in the eastern U.S., where the telecast was shown live; NBC later removed a portion of the comments on the tape-delayed telecast shown in the west. Nathaniel Fisher, Sr.

During these comments NBC cut filming on West and footage resumed with Chris Tucker. Six Feet Under, being a show about death, is also a show about time; each episode is set in a particular month in a "contemporary universe" that spans the period from 2000–2005. This was perhaps crystalized on September 2, when, while presenting on the NBC Concert for Hurricane Relief, music producer and rapper Kanye West strayed from his script and addressed what he perceived as the racism of both the government and of the media, stating: "George Bush doesn't care about black people". The series concluded after five seasons, with the finale airing on August 21, 2005. Although some commentators suggest that FEMA's response was inadequate across the board, including its treatment of the predominantly white victims in Mississippi and suburban Louisiana, polls revealed that a majority of African-Americans believed that racial bias played a role in the indifference the administration, including FEMA.^[94]. The producers and writers felt that after 63 episodes they had told their "story". However, the greater amount of criticism was directed at the slow reaction of the Bush administration to the crisis. In November 2004, series creator and executive producer Alan Ball announced that the fifth season would be the show's last.

Mayor Nagin was criticized for failing to formulate an evacuation plan that provided transportation out of the city for those without private means. The shift cannot be clearly distinguished from the normal flow of the scene until an abrupt cut brings us slightly back in time and reveals the imaginary nature of the past moment. ^{[92] [93]} Critics say city, state and federal officials didn't bother to consider citizens who cannot afford private transportation when planning for a natural disaster in New Orleans. In the later seasons, another device is also used where a real conversation between two living characters slips into the imaginary and becomes unrealistic. Members of the Congressional Black Caucus, Black Leadership Forum, National Conference of State Legislators, National Urban League and the NAACP held a news conference expressing anger and charging that the response was slow because those most affected are poor. They represent the living character's internal dialogue by exposing it as an external conversation. Census Bureau estimates the 2004 New Orleans population to be 20.0% white and 67.9% black,^[91] and the conventional wisdom became that black and poor people had suffered disproportionately. Sometimes, the conversation is with other recurring dead characters, notably Nathaniel Fisher Sr., and, more recently, Nate's late wife Lisa.

The U.S. A recurring plot device consists in a character having an imaginary conversation with the person who died at the beginning of the episode. In the aftermath of the hurricane, vivid images depicting the stranded as overwhelmingly black, the realization that those without private means of evacuation had been left behind, and the perception that the poorest areas were those most prone to flooding, very quickly gave the rise to racial and class interpretations of the response. The only other episode that did not feature an opening death scene was the series finale, Everyone's Waiting, which instead began with a birth, and ended with the future death scenes of all of the main characters. I am a fashion god." The morning Katrina hit New Orleans, Michael Brown wrote, ""Can I quit now? Can I come home?" A few days later, he wrote to a friend, "I'm trapped now, please rescue me." ^[90]. In Season 5, the episode All Alone was the first ever to open without a death, focusing instead on a death revealed at the end of the previous episode. Are you proud of me?" Adding an hour later, "If you'll look at my lovely FEMA attire, you'll really vomit. Each episode begins with a death—anything from drowning or heart attack to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome—and that death usually sets the tone for each episode, allowing the characters to reflect on their current fortunes and misfortunes in a way that is illuminated by the death and its aftermath.

.. At the same time, it is a show that is distinguished by its unblinking focus on the topic of death, which it explores on multiple levels (personal, religious, and philosophical), rather than treating it as a convenient impetus for the solution of a murder. "Tie or not for tonight? Button-down blue shirt?" On August 29th, wrote Brown, "I got it at Nordstroms. On one level, the show is a conventional family drama, dealing with such issues as relationships, infidelity, homosexuality, and religion. A few days before the storm hit New Orleans, Michael Brown had been emailing his colleagues about what wardrobe would look best on television during the disaster. The show revolves around the world of Fisher & Diaz Funeral Home, a fictitious mortuary set in present day Los Angeles, California (2000–2005). This massive migration is the largest since the Dust Bowl of the 1930's sent about 300,000 people from the Great Plains States to other regions of the US, most notably California. Patrick).

Even if licensed drivers had been available and the available buses had been used to evacuate the remaining approximately 150,000 people, they may not have made it to safety before landfall. Other regulars include mortician and family friend Federico Diaz (Freddy Rodriguez), Nate's longtime girlfriend and eventual wife Brenda Chenowith (Rachel Griffiths), and David's boyfriend and eventual husband Keith Charles (Mathew St. Reports from the Associated Press state that 80% of the near 500,000 had evacuated safely from New Orleans prior to the hurricane's landfall. The Fisher clan also includes mother Ruth (Frances Conroy) and sister Claire (Lauren Ambrose). Some evacuees report that the drive from New Orleans to Baton Rouge took anywhere from five hours to nine hours; this drive usually takes up to an hour. Hall. Coordination of transportation from outside the Parish is the responsibility of the Governor according to the State Evacuation Plan (Part 1 Section D).^[89] Governor Blanco had yet to exercise this responsibility. The show, created by Alan Ball, stars Peter Krause as Nathaniel ("Nate") Fisher, Jr., the son of a funeral director who reluctantly becomes a partner in the family funeral business with his brother David, played by Michael C.

In a phone call to WWL radio made after the idle school and RTA buses were flooded^[88], Mayor Nagin called for 500 Greyhound buses to be sent from outside the city to help evacuate. . ^[87]. It first aired on June 3, 2001 and concluded its fifth and final season run in the USA on August 21, 2005. ^[85][86] A day later a commercially licensed driver's bus filled with evacuees flipped, resulting in one death and many injuries after a passenger fought with the driver. Six Feet Under was a critically acclaimed and popular television drama produced by HBO. In spite of risks and his lack of formal training or license, 20-year-old Jabbar Gibson commandeered a New Orleans school bus and rescued 70 people from the rising floodwaters before making the 13-hour drive to Houston's Reliant Astrodome, arriving on Wednesday evening. The series finale, Everyone's Waiting is the longest episode of the series clocking in at 75 minutes.

During an emergency any driver is suitable as long as approved by the Governor. Hall (David Fisher) in real life. During non-emergency times, drivers of school buses must own and maintain a class D commercial license or better depending on the exact size and weight of the bus. Amy Spanger who played Holly Duncan, (the death of the week's sister) in Static is the wife of Michael C. The precise number of buses available was been cited anywhere from a couple of hundred to a likely exaggerated 2,000 ^[84]. Freddy Rodriguez (Federico Diaz), Lauren Ambrose (Claire Fisher), Peter Facinelli (Jimmy) and Eric Balfour (Gabriel Dimas) were all in the 1998 movie, Can't Hardly Wait. Mayor Nagin testified in his hearing in Washington that those buses were owned by the school board and that he had no control over them. The Foot, The Dare.

It is not clear whether these buses were owned by the city or by a private contractor to which the city had outsourced school bus services. Every episode written by writer and cartoonist, Bruce Eric Kaplan begins with the word "The" in the episode's title, e.g. School and municipal buses, government-owned vehicles and vehicles provided by volunteer agencies may be used to provide transportation for individuals who lack transportation and require assistance in evacuating." Several hundred school buses were left parked on low ground where they would be easily flooded with storm water and then later by the levee flooding making their use impossible in the emergency evacuation. Holmes did not get the job but was called back to read for George's daughter, Maggie. With the following language: "The primary means of hurricane evacuation will be personal vehicles. Tina Holmes (Maggie Sibley) originally auditioned for the minor role of "Marci", Bettina's daughter in The Black Forest. State and city evacuation plans (^[83] Part 1 Section C and part II-2) mention use of school buses for evacuation. Justina Machado (Vanessa Diaz) became a series regular in 2005 after being in a guest starring role since Episode 2 of the series.

Consequentially most of those stranded in the city are the poor, the elderly, and the sick.^[81][82]. The series converted to HDTV (16:9 widescreen) during the third season (2003). These factors may have prevented many people from being able to evacuate on their own. Only two episodes of the series have been co-written: Episode 30, Nobody Sleeps and Episode 49, The Black Forest, which is very odd for a series since many writers on other shows are paired up into writing teams. Additionally, at 38%, New Orleans has one of the highest poverty rates in the United States. Frances Conroy (Ruth Fisher) is only 12 years older than Peter Krause (Nate Fisher), despite playing his mother. Even so, a 2000 census revealed that 27% of New Orleans households, amounting to approximately 120,000 people, were without privately-owned transportation. Nate and Lisa during the third season and Claire in the fourth and fifth seasons.

It is also believed that many citizens, having survived previous hurricanes, did not anticipate the impending catastrophe and chose to ride out the storm. David in the first two seasons. It was known that many residents of New Orleans lacked cars. Each Fisher sibling has lived in the Fisher coach house during the duration of the series. According to the Louisiana Evacuation plan, evacuation was mainly left up to individual citizens to find their own way out of the city. Caskets for the show are made by ABC Caskets in Los Angeles. ^[80]. Rachel Griffiths' (Brenda Chenowith Fisher) second pregnancy in 2004 was written into the show.

^[79] The governor activated the National Guard with her August 26, State of Emergency Declaration page II-4 Red Cross relief in New Orleans remains forbidden by the Governor. The show was cancelled after 11 episodes. The President had not yet authorized FEMA to enter the coastal areas despite the governors request including those parishes. Freddy Rodriguez (Federico Diaz) had a recurring role on Alan Ball's ABC series, Oh, Grow Up! which aired in 1999, two years prior to Six Feet Under. Landry, Tensas, Union, Vernon, Webster, West Carroll, West Feliciana, and Winn." This includes all the parishes in the state of Louisiana except the coastal parishes which are inherently exposed to the most destructive forces of a hurricane. Kathy Bates who was a director during the first three seasons went on to pursue a recurring role on the series as Ruth's friend, Bettina. Helena, St. HBO renewed the series for a second season a week after the pilot aired.

The statement authorized the DHS and FEMA to coordinate disaster relief and "...required emergency measures, authorized under Title V of the Stafford Act, to save lives, protect property and public health and safety, or to lessen or avert the threat of a catastrophe in the parishes of Allen, Avoyelles, Beauregard, Bienville, Bossier, Caddo, Caldwell, Claiborne, Catahoula, Concordia, De Soto, East Baton Rouge, East Carroll, East Feliciana, Evangeline, Franklin, Grant, Jackson, LaSalle, Lincoln, Livingston, Madison, Morehouse, Natchitoches, Pointe Coupee, Ouachita, Rapides, Red River, Richland, Sabine, St. Alan Ball had 13 days to shoot the pilot. Prior to this, on August 27 the White House issued a statement ^[78], effective August 26, authorizing federal emergency assistance for Louisiana. Freddy Rodriguez (Federico Diaz) appeared in 62 episodes, missing one episode 1.09 "Life's Too Short" due to Federico's storyline. ^[77]. Patrick (Keith Charles) did not appear in three episodes of the series due to his Season 1 story arc. ^[76] Foreign nationals without transport claimed that the police refused to evacuate them, giving bus places only to American citizens. Mathew St.

Hospitals, nursing homes, group homes, were supposed to have pre-determined evacuation and/or refuge plans in place. Rachel Griffiths (Brenda Chenowith Fisher) did not appear in four episodes of Season 3 due to her 2002 pregnancy. Many critics have noted that while Mayor Nagin gave a mandatory evacuation order on August 28, before the storm hit, they did not make sufficient prevention and provisions to evacuate the homeless, the poor, the elderly, the infirm, or the car-less households. Hall (David Fisher), Frances Conroy (Ruth Fisher) and Lauren Ambrose (Claire Fisher) appeared in all 63 of the series' episodes.

. In Orleans Parish that responsibility fell to Mayor Ray Nagin. Peter Krause (Nate Fisher), Michael C. The state evacuation plan (Part 1 Section D7) states ^[75], evacuation is the responsibility of the local parish. This was intended to be a recurring feature throughout the series but was dropped after the first episode.

This will entail providing a coordinated, comprehensive federal response to any large-scale crisis and mounting a swift and effective recovery effort" ^[74]. The pilot episode features several spoof commercials for funeral homes and products. According to the National Response Plan, the Department of Homeland Security "will assume responsibility on March 1st [2005] for ensuring that emergency response professionals are prepared for any situation. Rachel Griffiths (Brenda Chenowith Fisher) has a strong Australian accent in real life. As high profile news coverage has reported, the American public in general blames all levels of government in different proportions for failures to perform their responsibilities in hurricane preparedness, reaction, and aftermath. Alan Ball considers Los Angeles the world capital of the denial of death. Military research was also affected as state police broke into a high-security government lab in New Orleans and destroyed unspecified dangerous pathogens before they could escape or be stolen. in the West Adams section of Los Angeles, the actual location of The Filipino Federation of America.

Important work on heart disease, cancer, AIDS and many other other ailments may be lost to scientists at Tulane and Louisiana State universities' medical schools in New Orleans. The Fisher & Diaz Funeral Home is located at 2302 West 25th St. ^[73]. HBO entertainment president, Carolyn Strauss proposed the idea to Ball. Cybertelecom.org established a webpage to collect data on the status of and impact on the Internet from Katrina. Alan Ball conceived the premise to create the show after the death of his sister and father. Only those hotels with corporate housed servers in other cities have any internet possibility.". Season 5: 2004 (2 episodes), 2005 (10 episodes).

On September 1, 25% were unreachable, 20% were impaired, and 55% remained reachable.^[71] The NO Visitor's Bureau ^[72] reports "There is virtually total internet disruption as well, as locally hosted servers and routers have gone down with the loss of primary and backup power. Season 4: 2003,(4 episodes), 2004 (8 episodes). Perhaps one of the more interesting sets of status information is Googling New Orleans and checking the reachability of the top 20 websites. Season 3: 2002 (1 episode), 2003 (12 episodes). Earthlink network status ^[70] reports that DSL is unavailable in New Orleans. Season 2: 2001 (8 episodes), 2002 (5 episodes). The Internet Traffic Report ^[69] was reporting code yellow for North America. Season 1: 2000 (pilot), 2001 (12 episodes).

Keynote Internet Health Report ^[68] is reporting code green for select Internet networks. 2: Everything Ends, 2005. As of September 1, 2005, Sans Infocon ^[67] is reporting code green for Internet attacks. Six Feet Under, Vol. The staff on site are working to restore more upstream connectivity, as well as Internet access to local municipal organizations. Six Feet Under, 2002. The effects of the storm disrupted the OC-12 Abilene Network ^[66] Internet2 link between Houston and Atlanta, as well as some of DirectNIC's many high-speed connections. The song played during each episode recap is a 1995 single titled: Nothing Lies Still Long by Pell Mell.

It includes FAQs about the actions of the DirectNIC team in setting up Outpost Crystal. Seasons 1 & 5 feature the original version of the song while Seasons 2, 3, 4 feature the Rae & Christian remix. A LiveJournal community, InterdictorNews ^[65] has been started for those who have been commenting in this blog. Trailers for upcoming episodes feature the Six Feet Under theme. They are currently running a very popular blog^[64] that is documenting things that are happening around them, including pictures of the New Orleans aftermath, with a link to a webcam showing part of the Central Business District on Poydras St. Season 5: Breathe Me by Sia Furler [5]. According to Netcraft, DirectNIC is the 11th largest domain registrar on the Internet, at 1.1 million domains. Season 4: Feeling Good by Nina Simone [4].

They also worked to help procure fuel for telco providers, and provided a router for New Orleans' city hall, apparently so city officials could establish VoIP telephone service during the disaster. Season 3: A Rush of Blood to the Head by Coldplay [3]. The DirectNIC (Intercosmos Media Group, ^[63]) data center in downtown New Orleans was able to continue operations uninterrupted, due in part to the efforts of a few determined individuals. Season 2: Heaven by Lamb [2]. ^[62] Cisco, Vonage, and SBC provided similar services at the Dallas Convention Center and Reunion Arena where another 8,000 evacuees were sheltered. Molly Parker - Rabbi Ari Hoffman (2 episodes). There were also reports that SBC Communications and T-Mobile installed and provided free wifi access in the Astrodome. Harriet Sansom Harris - Catherine Collins (2 episodes).

Technology for All ^[61] set up technology centers for Internet access in the Astrodome. Lee Garlington - Fiona Kleinschmidt (2 episodes). In addition, the space center was used as a temporary evacuation center for areas near the Mississippi gulf coast region and for residents of New Orleans. Illeana Douglas - Angela (2 episodes). Stennis Space Center in Hancock County, Mississippi was also damaged by Katrina, with structural damage to the main facility causing some water leakage into the interior portions of the research facility and halting any major tests while repairs are being made. Jenna Fischer - Sharon Kinney (2 episodes). The John C. Bobby Cannavale - Javier (3 episodes).

Marine Corps effort in New Orleans, helping with the evacuation. Loretta Sibley (3 episodes). This facility is also used as a temporary staging area and headquarters for the U.S. Janice Lynde - Woman In Turquoise/Mrs. The next Shuttle flight, STS-121, could be postponed to May or later during the second half of 2006 ^[60]. Julie White- Mitzi Dalton-Huntley (4 episodes). ^[59] Plans to ship three tanks -- including the one for NASA's next mission -- back to Michoud for retrofitting are on indefinite hold. Michelle Trachtenberg - Celeste (4 episodes).

The Michoud Assembly Facility will remain closed until at least September 26. Ricardo Antonio Chavira - Ramon Diaz (4 episodes). Evan McCollum, a Lockheed Martin Space Systems spokesman in Denver has reported that "there is water leakage and potential water damage in the buildings, but there's no way to tell how much at this point" ^[58]. Catherine O'Hara - Carol Ward (4 episodes). The hurricane passed over the Michoud Assembly Facility and materially interrupted the production of external tanks for the Space Shuttle, leading to a further interruption of the shuttle flights ^[57]. Steffani Brass - Michaela Woodworth (5 episodes). ^[56]. Matt Malloy - Roger Pasquese (6 episodes).

Wholesale prices were up 5% as of 6 September. Chris Messina - Ted Fairwell (6 episodes). In the UK, pump prices for unleaded petrol (gas) hit £1 per litre ($7 per US gallon) for the first time in a significant number of places (averaging about 95p), a rise of about 3% from pre-Katrina prices. Anne Ramsay - Jackie Feldman (6 episodes). International oil prices rose. Patricia Clarkson - Sarah O'Connor (6 episodes). There are also effects on ocean shipping, the casino industry, and tourism. Kellie Waymire - Melissa (6 episodes).

Other predictions placed the minimum insured damage at around $12.5 billion (the insured figure is normally doubled to account for uninsured damages in the final cost). Jeff Yagher - Hoyt Woodworth (6 episodes). The Gulf Coast region accounts for 30% of US total oil production, 20% of natural gas production, and 40% of imported oil docks in that region. Julie Dretzin - Barb Woodworth (6 episodes). energy operations are in the Gulf Coast region), and decreased exports of commodities such as grain. Bernard Chenowith (6 episodes). Some early predictions in damages exceeded $100 billion, not accounting for potential catastrophic damage inland due to flooding, interruption of oil supply (much of the U.S. Robert Foxworth - Dr.

history. Mena Suvari - Edie (7 episodes). Most experts anticipate that Katrina will be recorded as the costliest natural disaster in U.S. - Hiram Gunderson (8 episodes). The process is still ongoing, with serious concerns about toxic chemicals, volunteer safety, persistent black mold, and asbestos presenting substantial roadblocks. Ed Begley, Jr. They include Hands On USA, Presbyterian Disaster Assistance, Mennonite Disaster Services, Four Square, Grassroots/Global Crossroads, Catholic Charities, Back Bay Mission, UMCOR, dozens of Baptist groups, Lutheran Episcopal Disaster Response, Nazarene Disaster Response, Mercy Ships, and others. Idalis DeLeon - Sophia Morales (8 episodes).

Larger relief groups such as the Red Cross and Habitat for Humanity are not active in this process due to liability concerns, but many smaller organizations are stepping to the plate and providing this valuable service for the community. Justin Theroux - Joe (8 episodes). Due to FEMA restructuring and the scope of this disaster, local organizations such as the East Biloxi Coordination and Relief Center are handling the case management and order processing. Melissa Marsala - Angelica Suarez (8 episodes). In past disasters, FEMA coordinated the work order process. Garrison Hershberger - Matthew Gilardi (8 episodes). Prior to gutting, houses are assessed to ensure that less than 50% of the structure is compromised, and that the house is still on its foundation. Peter Facinelli - Jimmy (9 episodes).

In areas of Southern Mississippi and Louisiana, dozens of organizations have been collaborating in providing free house 'gutting' and tree removal for affected residents. Kathy Bates - Bettina (10 episodes). In addition to providing shelter and relocation services, many organizations are also active in the recovery and rebuilding processes. Sprague Grayden - Anita Miller (12 episodes). The safety of Red Cross personnel was among the primary reasons given. Tina Holmes - Maggie Sibley (13 episodes). On September 8, 2005, FOX News reported ^[55] that the Red Cross was prepositioned to provide water, food and essential supplies to the Superdome and convention center as soon as the storm finished, but was prohibited from entering the city prior to Hurricane Katrina making landfall by the Louisiana State Department of Homeland Security, under the direction of Louisiana Governor Kathleen Blanco. Rainn Wilson - Arthur Martin (13 episodes).

These organizations provided an infrastructure for shelters throughout Louisiana and other states that held thousands of evacuees. Peter Macdissi - Olivier Castro-Staal (15 episodes). The American Red Cross, Salvation Army, and many other charitable organizations are trying to provide housing, food, and water to the victims of the storm. Ed O'Ross - Nikolai (18 episodes). State Department; France, whose initial offer of concrete help was also declined. Richard Jenkins - Nathaniel Fisher (20 episodes). Russia, whose initial offer was to send at least two jets was declined by the U.S. Joanna Cassidy - Margaret Chenowith (20 episodes).

Countries including Canada, Mexico, Singapore, and Germany have offered to send in supplies, relief personals, troops, ships and water pumps to aid in the disaster recovery. Ben Foster - Russell Corwin (22 episodes). Countries like Sri Lanka, which is still recovering from the Indian Ocean Tsunami, Dominica, one of the smallest countries in the world by any measure, Cuba and Venezuela, despite their differences with the United States, have also offered to help. Lili Taylor - Lisa Kimmel Fisher (23 episodes). ^[54]. Jeremy Sisto - Billy Chenowith (29 episodes). Over seventy countries pledged money or other assistance, including the single largest pledge of support from Kuwait for $500 million; $100 million from the country of Qatar; $5 million from India; $1 million from Bangladesh and $5 million from People's Republic of China. Brenna and Bronwyn Tosh - Maya Fisher (37 episodes).

Army and Air National Guard troops have been activated from nearly every American state. Susie Bright (Episode 57, The Rainbow of Her Reasons). See list compiled by Wikinews. Chris Harrison (Episode 52, A Coat of White Primer). have opened their doors to enroll students displaced. Nicole Richie (Episode 51, Untitled). Higher institutions from across the U.S. Ellen DeGeneres (Episode 42, Parallel Play).

About 100,000 New Orleans college and university students have been displaced as a result of Hurricane Katrina. Leeza Gibbons (Episode 22, Someone Else's Eyes). Many religious organizations have traveled to Louisiana and Mississippi to offer relief and to help the people and the religious organizations. List of Six Feet Under episodes. From Texas, thousands of evacuees have been dispersed to other states. As Texas shelters became filled to capacity, it became a waypoint for the other evacuees still leaving the area of crisis.

The majority of the evacuees from this crisis were taken to Texas, with over 230,000 people taking shelter in Texas by Labor Day, September 5, 2005. states have offered to shelter evacuees displaced by the storm, including places as far away as Oregon and California. Many U.S. "As a result, response activities must begin without the benefit of a detailed or complete situation and critical needs assessment.".

"A detailed and credible common operating picture may not be achievable for 24 to 48 hours (or longer) after the incident," the NRP's "Catastrophic Annex" states. The National Response Plan states that, when responding to a catastrophic incident, the federal government should start emergency operations even in the absence of clear assessment of the situation. Michael Chertoff, Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, decided to take over the federal, state, and local operations officially on September 30, 2005 going forward by citing the National Response Plan. ^[53].

Blanco hired James Lee Witt, the former FEMA director during the Clinton Administration, to oversee recovery efforts in Louisiana. On September 3, Gov. Bush to raise additional voluntary contributions, much as they did after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. In addition to asking for federal funds, President Bush has enlisted the help of former presidents Bill Clinton and George H.W.

On September 7, another $51.8 billion in addition to the original $10.5 billion was proposed by President Bush to fund disaster relief. House of Representatives voted and approved on the measure Friday, September 2, 2005 without any debate; Bush signed it into law an hour later. The U.S. Senate has approved a bill authorizing $10.5 billion in aid for victims on September 1, 2005.

The U.S. First Army in Fort Gillem, Georgia, is the commander. Lieutenant General Russel Honoré of the U.S. The United States Northern Command established Joint Task Force (JTF) Katrina based out of Camp Shelby, Mississippi to act as the military's on-scene command on Sunday, August 28 ^[52].

Bush ^[51]. Brown resigned as director of FEMA in spite of having received praise from President George W. Three days after the recall, Michael D. Allen replaced him as chief of hurricane relief operations.

Eight days later, Brown was recalled to Washington and Coast Guard Vice Admiral Thad W. However, the President and Secretary Chertoff have come under harsh criticism from many Americans, particularly in the media, for their lack of planning and coordination. Brown, head of FEMA, as the Principal Federal Official to lead the deployment and coordination of all federal response resources and forces in the Gulf Coast region. Chertoff designated Michael D.

Bush directed Secretary Michael Chertoff of the Department of Homeland Security to coordinate the Federal response. In accordance with federal law, President George W. A network of volunteers have been rendering assistance to local residents and residents emerging from New Orleans and surrounding Parishes. Some disaster recovery response to Katrina began before the storm, with Federal Emergency Management Agency preparations that ranged from logistical supply deployments to a mortuary team with refrigerated trucks.

Opponents of the MRGO have been lobbying for its closure, since the expected shipping traffic it was designed for has never materialized. ^[50] The Army Corps of Engineers disputes this causality and maintains Katrina would have overwhelmed the levees with or without the contributing effect of the MRGO. Bernard Parish, one of the more devastated areas, lies just south of the MRGO. St.

According to new modeling and field observations by a team from Louisiana State University, the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO), a 200-meter wide canal designed to provide a shortcut from New Orleans to the Gulf of Mexico, helped provide a funnel for the storm surge, making it 20% higher and 100%-200% faster as it crashed into the city. ^[49]. Those responsible for the conception, design, construction, and maintenance of the region's flood-control system apparently failed to pay sufficient attention to public safety, according to an investigation by the National Science Foundation. System design flaws and lack of adequate maintenance helped contribute to the massive levee failures.

Funeralgate. See also:. outsource Katrina body count to firm implicated in body-dumping scandals. FEMA, La.

Katrina victims: "next of kin unknown" bodies being "disposed of". Main article: Humanitarian effects of Hurricane Katrina. Bernard Parish nursing home, where the bodies of thirty four residents, apparently drowned, were found.^[48]. On September 13, officials announced that negligent homicide charges had been filed against the owners of a St.

^[47]. On September 9 FEMA ordered 50,000 body bags in addition to the 25,000 previously ordered. In face of the lawsuit, FEMA has since countermanded this request^[46]. News organizations have filed suit in Federal Court, claiming a violation of the First Amendment's freedom of the press.

At the same time, FEMA requested that journalists stop taking pictures of dead bodies. On September 6 FEMA stopped allowing journalists to accompany rescuers searching for victims, saying they would take up too much space. After protracted arguments over who would handle the costs, DNA testing began in early December to identify approximately 263 bodies that could not be identified by other means.^[45]. Bernard Parish is slated to begin in January 2006.

While there were news reports of marsh searches reported on CNN, a more comprehensive search of the marshes of Eastern St. It's feared that shrimpers and oystermen who usually ride out storms in their boats may have been swept into the marshes by the surge. Bernard Parish stands at 47 ^[44]. As of December 2005, The official missing list in St.

^[43] While there were some victims on this list whose bodies were found in their homes as recently as December 2005, the vast majority were tracked down through word-of-mouth and credit card records. The initial list of missing persons of around 200 residents was published at several local media outlets. According to an interview in the Times Picayune, the coroner was still trying to get a list of missing from the Red Cross in November 2005. Bernard Parish, which was 100% flooded by Katrina, the search for missing was slow.

In hard-hit St. The New Orleans Times Picayune newspaper ran a story in November 2005 noting that 5000 missing New Orleans residents alone are still unaccounted for. Indirect deaths indicate those caused by hurricane-related accidents (including car accidents), fires or other incidents, as well as clean-up incidents and health issues. Direct deaths indicate those caused by the direct effects of the winds, flooding, storm surge or oceanic effects of Katrina.

(This number includes often-omitted deaths in Ohio (2), Kentucky (1), and among evacuees (57).) ^[42]. As of January 24, the confirmed death toll stands at 1,417, mainly from Louisiana (1,101) and Mississippi (238). While Philadelphia police found no criminals at all in those evacuated to their city, the state police in West Virginia said roughly half of the nearly 350 Katrina victims evacuated by the government to that state had criminal records, and 22 percent have a history of committing a violent crime. Most of the checks have found little for police to be concerned about.

In Texas, with more than 300,000 evacuees, local officials have run 20,000 criminal background checks on the evacuees, as well as the relief workers helping them and people who have opened up their homes. Issues of racial bias in media coverage began to surface as Caucasian flood victims were portrayed in one Agence France-Presse photo as "finding" supplies while a black person was described in an Associated Press photo as engaging in "looting." The photographers later clarified the two stories, one claiming he witnessed the black person looting a store, while the other photographer described the white people as finding the food floating in floodwaters^[41]. A September 26, 2005 article from The Times Picayune, titled 'Rumors of deaths greatly exaggerated' ^[40]provides updated information on attempts to corroborate many of the reports of violence. A temporary jail was constructed of chain link cages in the city train station ^[38] although controversy arose over at least one inmate^[39].

A number of arrests were made throughout the affected area including near the New Orleans Convention Center. Over the first week of September, law and order was gradually restored to the city." Several shootings occurred between police and New Orleans residents including the fatal incident at Danziger Bridge^[37]. There was sniping going on. "There was shooting going on.

Congressman Bill Jefferson (D-LA) told ABC News. These troops know how to shoot and kill and I expect they will," Kathleen Blanco said. "They have M-16s and are locked and loaded. Thousands of National Guard and federal troops were mobilized and sent to Louisiana along with numbers of local law enforcement agents from across the country who were temporarily deputized by the state.

Reports of carjacking, murders, thefts, and rapes flooded the news, but many of the stories were determined to likely be based on rumors—despite being spread by officials such as Mayor Nagin ^[36]. Some police officers barricaded their stations to avoid snipers and "resorted to looting for shoes, dry socks and food" ^[35]. "We're using exhausted, scarce police to control looting when they should be used for search and rescue while we still have people on rooftops.". The French Quarter has been attacked," Councilwoman Jackie Clarkson said.

"The looting is out of control. Looting also occurred in other towns throughout the disaster area. Drug, convenience, clothing, and jewelry stores in the French Quarter and on Canal Street were hardest hit. Many looters were in search of food and water that was not available to them due to the destruction, though many people stole non-essential items as well.

Shortly after the hurricane ended on August 30, some residents of New Orleans, including police officers, who remained in the city began looting stores ^[34]. The lobby and parking lot are over 20 feet above sea level of the Gulf of Mexico, and less than 1/4 mile away from the Gulf coastal road Highway 90 in Harrison County between Biloxi and Gulfport. Storm surge of near 30 feet high was observed, where during the height of the storm at the Mississippi Coast Coliseum scenes like a car floating outside the first floor lobby, and a boat is being swept across the parking lot as the surge comes in with the eyewall winds were not uncommon. The storm surge in Katrina as it was making landfall on August 29 was very high to the east of where the storm center crossed the coast.

By September 2, NOAA had published satellite photography^[33] of many of the affected regions. As of September 6, the flood pool had abated to covering 60% of the city.^[32]. Three levees in New Orleans gave way, and 80% of the city was under water at peak flooding, which in some places was 20 to 25 feet (7 or 8 meters) deep^[31]. Over 1,300 deaths have been reported in seven states, a number which is expected to rise as casualty reports come in from areas currently inaccessible.

Areas affected include southern Florida, Louisiana (especially the Greater New Orleans area), Mississippi, Alabama, the western Florida Panhandle, western and north Georgia (hit by tornadoes), the Tennessee Valley and Ohio Valley regions, the eastern Great Lakes region and the length of the western Appalachians. By Labor Day, September 6, Texas had an estimated 250,000 evacuees and Governor Perry was forced to declare a state of emergency in Texas and issued an impassioned plea to other states to begin taking the 40,000-50,000 evacuees that were still in need of shelter. By the afternoon of September 5, with a total estimated number of over 230,000 evacuees in Texas, Governor Perry ordered that buses begin being diverted to other shelters outside the state resulting in 20,000 being sent to Oklahoma and 30,000 being sent to Arkansas. CST September 3, a wave of over 120,000 additional evacuees began pouring into Texas at a rate, such that as of September 5, it was estimated there are roughly 139,000 evacuees in official shelters in the state, adding to the estimated 90,000 already in hotels and homes.

Beginning with a convoy of 50 buses (2,700 people) that arrived at the Dallas Reunion Arena at 3:00 a.m. When the Houston shelters began to reach capacity on September 2, Texas Governor Rick Perry activated an emergency plan that made space for an additional 25,000 in each of San Antonio and the Dallas/Fort Worth/Arlington, Texas Metroplex and smaller shelters in communities across Texas. Brown Convention Center was announced as an additional shelter site at the same time, but was not opened for use until September 3. The George R.

The Reliant Astrodome was reopened a few hours later, and it was announced that the Reliant Center would have all events cancelled through December so as to open the building to ~11,000 additional evacuees. However, as of September 2, officials declared the Reliant Astrodome full and unable to accept additional hurricane refugees from the disaster. The evacuation began on September 1. On August 31, the Harris County, Texas Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Management and the State of Louisiana came to an agreement to allow at least 25,000 evacuees from New Orleans, especially those who were sheltered in the Louisiana Superdome, to move to the Astrodome until they could return home.

There are currently reports that as many as 40 sexual assaults did indeed occur in New Orleans during and after hurricane Katrina ^[29][30]. By September 8 there were reports that the claims of rape and murder at the Convention Center and the Superdome could be false ^[28]. The Convention Center was completely evacuated by September 3. Those able to walk the distance could have left the Convention Center, and the city, via the Crescent City Connection Bridge, but were prevented from doing so at gunpoint by Gretna, LA sheriffs ^[27].

However, even though there were thousands of evacuees at the center, along with network newscasters, pleading desperately for help on CNN, FOX, and other broadcast outlets, FEMA head Michael Brown and Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff both claimed to have no knowledge of the use of the Convention Center as a shelter until the afternoon of September 1 ^[26], although later Brown said he misspoke and had learned of them 24 hours earlier.^{[citation needed]} For two days, still, the evacuees' pleas were ignored. Others were directed to the center by the police, headed by Eddie Compass, as a possible refuge. Reports indicated that up to 20,000 people had gathered at the Convention Center, many dropped off after rescue from flooded areas of the city. Several people died while sheltered within.

Reports of violence, beatings, and rape among those gathered in the convention center were widespread, though later questioned. Morial Convention Center was broken into by August 30, and by September 1, the facility, like the Superdome, was overwhelmed and declared unsafe and unsanitary. The Ernest N. ^[25].

15, 2006 But because earlier estimates put the target opening in November, Benson acknowledged he needed another 30 days to feel comfortable the September date can be met. New Orleans Saints team owner Tom Benson said the state agency managing the Superdome told him the stadium can be ready for games by Sept. By September 6, the Superdome was completely evacuated. On August 31, it was announced that evacuees would be moved to the Astrodome in Houston, Texas.

There are currently reports that as many as 40 sexual assaults did indeed occur in New Orleans during and after hurricane Katrina ^[23][24]. Some of these reports were determined to be based on unverified rumors and myths ^[22]. There have been widespread reports of murders, rapes, beatings, robberies, and general mayhem in the Superdome^{[citation needed]}. Air conditioning, electricity, and running water all failed, making for very unsanitary and uncomfortable conditions.

A National Guard official said on Thursday, September 1, that as many as 60,000 people had gathered at the Superdome for evacuation, having remained there in increasingly difficult circumstances.^{[citation needed]}. On August 29, Katrina passed over New Orleans with such force that it ripped two holes in the Superdome roof. The Superdome housed over 9,000 people along with 550 National Guard troops when Katrina came ashore ^[21]. Jay Mayeaux, deputy director of the Department of Homeland Security's Office of Emergency Preparedness ^[20].

The New Orleans Times - Picayune reported that the Louisiana National Guard delivered three truckloads of water and seven truckloads of MRE's, enough to supply 15,000 people for three days according to Col. On August 28, as Hurricane Katrina grew into a Category 5 storm that had yet to make landfall, Nagin established several "refuges of last resort" for citizens who could not leave the city, including the massive Louisiana Superdome.
. In Mississippi, evacuations were ordered for parts of Hancock, Harrison and Jackson counties.

In Alabama, evacuations were ordered for parts of Mobile and Baldwin counties (including Gulf Shores). Tammany, Tangipahoa and Terrebonne parishes in Louisiana. James parishes and parts of St. Charles and St.

Bernard, St. Mandatory evacuations were also ordered for Assumption, Jefferson (Kenner, Metairie, as well as Grand Isle and other low lying areas), Lafourche (outside the floodgates), Plaquemines, St. During the Hurricane Ivan evacuation, 600,000 people remained in the city ^[19]. Future analysis of motor vehicle registration, census and Social Security Information, and death certificates may help to provide more clarity.

Fuel and rental cars were in short supply; also, Greyhound bus and Amtrak train service were halted well before the hurricane made landfall ^[18]. In addition to residents, many tourists were stranded. As many of these facilities relied on the same bus companies and ambulance services for evacuation, several were unable to evacuate before the storm hit, resulting in the deaths of their occupants. Before operating permits are given to homes/hospitals, emergency precautions are to be taken, such as the placement of emergency supplies and equipment (i.e., generators and potable water) on upper floors.." in Part 1 Section D.

of Health and Hospitals (DHH). All facilities will have approved Multi-Hazard Emergency Operations Plans as mandated by the State of Louisiana, Dept. will have pre-determined evacuation and/or refuge plans if evacuation becomes necessary. The state evacuation plan also assigns the responsibility of evacuation of the sick and those needing assistance to the owners of the facilities with the language: "Hospitals, nursing homes, group homes, etc.

The state evacuation plan also assigns the responsibility of evacuation to each Parish with the language [the parish will] "Conduct and control local evacuation in parishes located in the risk area and manage reception and shelter operations in parishes located in the host area" in Part 1 Section D. School and municipal buses, government-owned vehicles and vehicles provided by volunteer agencies may be used to provide transportation for individuals who lack transportation and require assistance in evacuating" in Part 1 Section D. The Louisiana State Evacuation Plan declares "The primary means of hurricane evacuation will be personal vehicles. Three quarters of evacuees had stayed within 250 miles but tens of thousands had located more than 1000 miles away.^{[citation needed]}.

By four weeks after the storm, evacuees had been registered in all 50 states and in almost half the Zip codes of the U.S. Two weeks after the storm, over half the States were involved in providing shelter for evacuees. Contraflow lane reversal on Interstate 10 leading west and Interstates 55 and 59 leading north from New Orleans was ended that afternoon.^{[citation needed]}. on August 28, shortly after Katrina was upgraded to a Category 5 storm, New Orleans mayor Ray Nagin, calling Katrina "a storm that most of us have long feared," ordered the first ever mandatory evacuation of the city.

At a news conference 10 a.m. "Not since the Dust Bowl of the 1930s or the end of the Civil War in the 1860s have so many Americans been on the move from a single event."^[17]. CSO magazine ran an interview with the National Weather Service's Gary Woodall in which he listed six steps that citizens and company executives can take to be prepared for hurricanes such as this^[16]. Walter Williams did a serious short feature on it called "New Orleans: The Natural History", in which an expert said a direct hit by a hurricane could damage the city for six months ^[15].

Scientific American covered the topic thoroughly in an October 2001 piece titled "Drowning New Orleans" ^[14]. National Geographic ran a feature in October 2004 ^[13]. Billions have been spent to protect us, but we grow more vulnerable every day." New Orleans Times-Picayune June 23 - 27 June 2002 ^[12]. "It's only a matter of time before South Louisiana takes a direct hit from a major hurricane.

The New Orleans Times-Picayune newspaper ran a series on the risk in 2002 titled "Washing Away"; the series predicted many of the events that happened in 2005, including the breakdown of the levee system. The risk of devastation from a direct hit was well documented. These costs could run into many billions of dollars. These are "lifelines" to the east, but assessing the damage, there will be no quick fix.

Interstate 10 seems, at first glance, to be the most critical to repair, especially the twin bridges over Lake Pontchartrain, which were destroyed. The State Departments of Transportation in the affected area, in conjunction with the Federal Highway Administration, have a huge job to rebuild the critical highways for access to the region. The Waterford nuclear power plant was shut down on Sunday, August 28, before Katrina's arrival. Amtrak announced that no alternate transportation options would be made available into or out of the affected area ^[11].

Amtrak's westbound Sunset Limited originated in San Antonio, Texas, rather than its normal origin point of Orlando, Florida. The southbound Crescent from New York City, for the same period terminated in Atlanta, Georgia, with the corresponding northbound trains originating in Atlanta as well. Amtrak, America's rail passenger carrier, announced that the southbound City of New Orleans passenger trains from Chicago, Illinois, on August 29 and through September 3 would terminate in Memphis, Tennessee, rather than their usual destination of New Orleans; the corresponding northbound trains will also originate in Memphis. The CSX (former Louisville and Nashville Railroad) main line from Mobile to New Orleans is believed to have suffered extensive damage, especially in coastal Mississippi, but repair crews were not able to reach most parts of the line as of August 30.

CSX Transportation also suspended service south of Montgomery, Alabama until further notice. To help ease the resumption of services after the storm passes, CN also issued an embargo with the Association of American Railroads against all deliveries to points south of Osyka, Mississippi. On Sunday, August 28, Canadian National Railway (CN) suspended all rail traffic on its lines south of McComb, Mississippi (lines owned by its subsidiary Illinois Central Railroad that extend into New Orleans), in anticipation of damage from the hurricane. Blanco standing beside him.

At a news conference, New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin ordered a mandatory evacuation of the city with Gov. On August 28 the National Weather Service issued a ^[10] predicting "devastating" damage rivaling the intensity of Hurricane Camille. Bush declared a state of emergency in Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi two days before the hurricane made landfall^[9]. On August 27, after Katrina crossed southern Florida and strengthened to Category 3, President George W.

Louisiana governor Kathleen Babineaux Blanco declared a state of emergency for state agencies. This scenario was considered a "potential catastrophe" because 80% of the New Orleans metropolitan area is below sea level. Some computer models were putting New Orleans right in the center of their track probabilities, and the chances of a direct hit were forecast at nearly 90%. By August 26 the possibility of "unprecedented cataclysm" was already being considered.

Even so, NHC forecasts showed Katrina strengthening into a hurricane well in advance of landfall, and hurricane watches and warnings were indeed issued nearly 36 and 24 hours, respectively, before hurricane conditions were felt in the area (watches and warnings are supposed to be issued at those time periods)^[7], ^[8]. Many living in the area felt that south Florida had minimal advance warning when Katrina strengthened from a tropical storm to a hurricane in one day, and struck southern Florida later that same day, on August 25. By 11 pm EDT, no discernable circulation remained. On August 31, Katrina was absorbed by a frontal boundary and became a powerful extratropical low, causing moderate rain and gale-force winds in southeastern Quebec.

It was downgraded to a tropical depression near Clarksville, Tennessee and continued to race northward, and was last distinguishable in the eastern Great Lakes region on August 31. Katrina maintained hurricane strength well into Mississippi, but weakened thereafter, losing hurricane strength more than 150 miles (240 km) inland, near Jackson, Mississippi. Storm surge was high because of the hydrology of the location, the hurricane's extreme size, and the fact that it weakened only shortly before landfall; waves were even larger as many had been generated while the storm was at Category 5 intensity. Record storm surges smashed the entire Mississippi Gulf Coast and into Alabama, peaking at 34 feet in Bay St Louis, Mississippi and reaching 13 feet (4 m) even as far away as Mobile, Alabama.

A few hours later, after weakening slightly, it made landfall for a third time near the Louisiana/Mississippi border with 120 mph (190 km/h) sustained winds, still a Category 3. At landfall, hurricane-force winds extended outward 120 miles (190 km) from the center and the storm's central p