Gorilla

Type Species
Troglodytes gorilla
Savage, 1847
Species
Gorilla gorilla
Gorilla beringei

The gorilla, the largest of the primates, is a ground-dwelling herbivore that inhabits the forests of Africa. Divided into two species and (under debate as of 2006) either four or five subspecies. With 92-98% of its DNA being identical to that of a human, it is the second closest living relative to humans after the two chimpanzee species.


Physical characteristics

Gorillas move about by knuckle-walking. Adult males range in height from 1.65 m to 1.75 m (5.4 to 5.7 feet), and in weight from 140 kg to 165 kg (305 to 360 pounds). Females are about half the weight of males.

Gestation is 8½ months. There are typically 3–4 years between births. Infants stay with their mothers for 3–4 years. Females mature at 10–12 years (earlier in captivity); males 11–13 years, sometimes sooner if they assume leadership early. Lifespan is between 30–50 years. The Philadelphia Zoo's Massa set the longevity record of 54 years at the time of his death.

Gorillas are mainly vegetarian, eating fruits, leaves, and shoots. Insects make up 1-2% of their diet. Due to their diet of plant life, gorillas often have bloated stomachs.

Strength

Gorillas are renowned for their strength but no research has been conducted into how strong they are compared to humans.

Classification

A silverback gorilla

Primatologists continue to explore the relationships between various gorilla populations. Until recently there were considered to be three species of gorilla, the Western Lowland, the Eastern Lowland and the Mountain Gorilla. There is now agreement that the gorilla is divided into two species of at least two subspecies each. More recently it has been claimed that a third subspecies exists in one of these groups.

The proposed third subspecies of Gorilla beringei which has not yet received a full latin designation is the Bwindi Gorilla. [1]

Both species of gorilla are endangered, and have been subject to intense poaching for a long time. Threats to gorilla survival include habitat destruction and the bushmeat trade.

All gorillas share a single blood type, B.

Gorilla culture

Gorilla beringei graueri

A silverback is an adult male gorilla, typically more than 12 years of age and named for the distinctive patch of silver hair on his back. A silverback gorilla has large canines that come with maturity. Blackbacks are sexually immature males of up to 11 years of age.

Silverbacks are the strong, dominant troop leaders. Each typically leads a troop of 5 to 30 gorillas and is the center of the troop's attention, making all the decisions, mediating conflicts, determining the movements of the group, leading the others to feeding sites and taking responsibility for the safety and well-being of the troop.

Males will slowly begin to leave their original troop when they are about 11 years old, travelling alone or with a group of other males for 2–5 years before being able to attract females to form a new group and start breeding. While infant gorillas normally stay with their mother for 3–4 years, silverbacks will care for weaned young orphans.

If challenged by a younger or even by an outsider male, a silverback will scream, beat his chest, shake broken-off branches at the intruder, bare his teeth then charge forward. If he is killed by disease, accident, fighting or poachers, the group will split up or be taken over in its entirety by a male descendant or even an unrelated male; there is a strong risk that a new male may kill the infants of the dead silverback.

Intelligence

Gorilla at the Cincinnati Zoo

Gorillas are closely related to humans and are considered highly intelligent. A few individuals in captivity, such as Koko, have been taught a subset of sign language (see animal language for a discussion).

Natural tool use by all the "great apes"

The following observations were made by a team led by Thomas Breuer of the Wildlife Conservation Society in September 2005. Gorillas are now known to use tools in the wild. A female gorilla in the Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park in the Republic of Congo was recorded using a stick to gauge the depth of water whilst crossing a swamp. A second female was seen using a tree stump as a bridge and also as a support whilst fishing in the swamp. This means that all of the great apes are now known to use tools. [2].

In September of 2005, a two and a half year old gorilla in the Republic of Congo was discovered using rocks to smash open palm nuts. Great apes are endowed with a semi-precision grip, and have been able to use both simple tools and even weapons, such as improvising a club from a convenient fallen branch.

Gorillas in pop culture

Two of the Nairobi Trio, from the 1950s TV series The Ernie Kovacs Show
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Great apes are endowed with a semi-precision grip, and have been able to use both simple tools and even weapons, such as improvising a club from a convenient fallen branch. The most popular station broadcasting talkback radio is historically Sydney's 2UE, whose right-wing hosts, particularly John Laws, are widely syndicated across the continent, though it has in recent years been eclipsed by Sydney's 2GB after the defection of 2UE most popular talkback host, Alan Jones. In September of 2005, a two and a half year old gorilla in the Republic of Congo was discovered using rocks to smash open palm nuts. In Australia, talk radio is known as talkback radio. [2]. Syndicated programs from the United States which air on Canadian radio stations include:. This means that all of the great apes are now known to use tools. Others include the CHUM Radio Network and the Standard Radio Network.

A second female was seen using a tree stump as a bridge and also as a support whilst fishing in the swamp. The largest of these is the Corus Radio Network. A female gorilla in the Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park in the Republic of Congo was recorded using a stick to gauge the depth of water whilst crossing a swamp. Privately-owned talk radio syndication networks in Canada are generally formed for the purposes of sharing programs across a group of stations with common ownership, although some are formed to distribute their one or two talk radio programs to a number of stations regardless of ownership. Gorillas are now known to use tools in the wild. Both networks are commercial-free. The following observations were made by a team led by Thomas Breuer of the Wildlife Conservation Society in September 2005. These stations typically produce their own local morning and afternoon programs and regional noon hour programs to go along with the network programming that is aired during the rest of the day.

A few individuals in captivity, such as Koko, have been taught a subset of sign language (see animal language for a discussion). The two largest talk radio networks in Canada are the publicly-owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's English language CBC Radio One and French language Première Chaîne. Gorillas are closely related to humans and are considered highly intelligent. Other Canadian talk radio programs which have been syndicated to different markets include:. If he is killed by disease, accident, fighting or poachers, the group will split up or be taken over in its entirety by a male descendant or even an unrelated male; there is a strong risk that a new male may kill the infants of the dead silverback. Rutherford is no longer syndicated nationally but continues to air in Calgary and London. If challenged by a younger or even by an outsider male, a silverback will scream, beat his chest, shake broken-off branches at the intruder, bare his teeth then charge forward. Both programs are distributed by the Corus Radio Network and, coincidentally, both hosts had hosted different morning call-in programs in the same time slot on Winnipeg, Manitoba's CJOB 680 before they became nationally syndicated (Adler's show still originates from CJOB and retained its original title, while Warren is now based in Victoria, British Columbia.) Prior to Adler On Line, Corus had syndicated Rutherford, hosted by Dave Rutherford and originating from its Calgary station, QR77.

While infant gorillas normally stay with their mother for 3–4 years, silverbacks will care for weaned young orphans. Peter Warren's Warren on the Weekend is heard Saturdays and Sundays. Males will slowly begin to leave their original troop when they are about 11 years old, travelling alone or with a group of other males for 2–5 years before being able to attract females to form a new group and start breeding. The only nationally-syndicated, politically-oriented weekday talk radio show in Canada is Adler On Line, hosted by Charles Adler and heard on eleven stations across the country. Each typically leads a troop of 5 to 30 gorillas and is the center of the troop's attention, making all the decisions, mediating conflicts, determining the movements of the group, leading the others to feeding sites and taking responsibility for the safety and well-being of the troop. There is no Canadian content requirement for talk radio, or "spoken word", programming. Silverbacks are the strong, dominant troop leaders. In contrast to talk radio stations in the United States where syndicated programs tend to make up a significant part of most schedules, privately-owned Canadian talk radio stations tend to be predominantly local in programming and focus.

Blackbacks are sexually immature males of up to 11 years of age. Previously, he kept a suicidal teenager talking for 45 minutes before meeting him to convince him against that course of action [2]. A silverback gorilla has large canines that come with maturity. Pete Price on Magic 1548 is also known as the DJ who rushed to the aid of a regular caller who died live on air during a call [1]. A silverback is an adult male gorilla, typically more than 12 years of age and named for the distinctive patch of silver hair on his back. Some notable presenters include Clive Bull, Steve Allen, Daisy Sampson, Nicky Campbell, Simon Mayo. All gorillas share a single blood type, B. Talk radio expanded dramatically when the BBC's monopoly on radio broadcasting was ended in the 1970s with the launch of Independent Local Radio.

Threats to gorilla survival include habitat destruction and the bushmeat trade. LBC currently operates two services in London - LBC 97.3, a newstalk station on FM; and LBC News 1152, a rolling news station on AM. Both species of gorilla are endangered, and have been subject to intense poaching for a long time. Other notable commercial talk stations include London's LBC which pioneered the newstalk format in Europe. [1]. Many BBC Local Radio stations offer a talk format, for example, BBC London, the BBC's flagship local ststion. The proposed third subspecies of Gorilla beringei which has not yet received a full latin designation is the Bwindi Gorilla. Nationwide talk stations include BBC Radio 4, BBC Radio Five Live and TalkSport.

More recently it has been claimed that a third subspecies exists in one of these groups. Talk radio in the United Kingdom is popular, though not as much as music radio. There is now agreement that the gorilla is divided into two species of at least two subspecies each. Sports talk stations like WFAN in New York City and WEEI in Boston have done well in the ratings (aided by baseball and football game broadcasts). Until recently there were considered to be three species of gorilla, the Western Lowland, the Eastern Lowland and the Mountain Gorilla. Sports talk radio can be found locally and nationally (with the networks ESPN Radio, Fox Sports Radio, and Sporting News Network). Primatologists continue to explore the relationships between various gorilla populations. Some shock jocks such as Opie and Anthony, Ron and Fez, Howard Stern, Don Imus, and Tom Leykis, are also considered talk radio hosts.

Gorillas are renowned for their strength but no research has been conducted into how strong they are compared to humans. Radio show hosts such as Alex Jones focus on exposing Government corruption. Due to their diet of plant life, gorillas often have bloated stomachs. Jeff Rense, who hosts an Internet radio show, also features paranormal matters, conspiracy theories, and some politics. Insects make up 1-2% of their diet. George Noory, Art Bell and others take turns hosting the late-night talk radio show Coast to Coast AM, which deals with a variety of paranormal topics. Gorillas are mainly vegetarian, eating fruits, leaves, and shoots. Other hosts specialize in talk radio comedy, such as Phil Hendrie, who voices his own fictional guests and occassionally parodies other programs.

The Philadelphia Zoo's Massa set the longevity record of 54 years at the time of his death. Other topics of discussion in talk radio include:. Lifespan is between 30–50 years. In 2002 an alternative to the progressive / conservative talk radio dichotomy emerged called Free Talk Live. Females mature at 10–12 years (earlier in captivity); males 11–13 years, sometimes sooner if they assume leadership early. Some conservatives argue that the long-format news programming on National Public Radio serves as a platform for liberal commentary on radio, although the network denies any partisan agenda. Infants stay with their mothers for 3–4 years. Left-wing opinion radio has long existed on the Pacifica network, though only available in a small number of cities, and in formats that more often act as a volunteer-run community forum than as a platform for charismatic hosts who would be likely to attract a large audience.

There are typically 3–4 years between births. A few earlier syndicated programs were hosted by prominent Democrats who were not experienced broadcasters, such as Jim Hightower, Jerry Brown, Mario Cuomo and Alan Dershowitz; these met with limited success, and Air America has been faced with various legal and financial problems. Gestation is 8½ months. KABC in Los Angeles. Females are about half the weight of males. Air America Radio, a network featuring The Al Franken Show that was founded in 2004 as a "progressive alternative" to right-wing talk, is a prominent example of liberal talk on commercial radio, and there are syndicated liberal talk programs of recent vintage as well, such as The Ed Schultz Show. In some markets, local liberal hosts have existed for years, such as Bernie Ward in San Francisco, Alan Colmes in New York, Lionel in New York, Stephanie Miller in Los Angeles, and Mr. Adult males range in height from 1.65 m to 1.75 m (5.4 to 5.7 feet), and in weight from 140 kg to 165 kg (305 to 360 pounds). Politically liberal talk radio aimed at a national audience has also emerged, although its ultimate success in competing with conservative talk radio for dominance remains in question.

Gorillas move about by knuckle-walking. Many of these hosts also publish books, appear on television, and give public lectures (Limbaugh, again, was a pioneer of this model of multi-media punditry). . Libertarians such as Neal Boortz have also achieved some success.
. The Salem Radio Network syndicates a group of religiously-oriented Republican activists, including evangelical Christian Hugh Hewitt and Jewish conservatives Dennis Prager and Michael Medved. With 92-98% of its DNA being identical to that of a human, it is the second closest living relative to humans after the two chimpanzee species. Gordon Liddy, Laura Ingraham, Michael Savage, Bill O'Reilly, Glenn Beck, Larry Elder, Michael Reagan, Ken Hamblin, and The Weekend Warriors.

Divided into two species and (under debate as of 2006) either four or five subspecies. Limbaugh's success demonstrated that there was a market for passionately delivered conservative (and in most cases, partisan Republican) commentary on contemporary events, and many nationally-syndicated hosts have followed Limbaugh's lead in recent years, including Ben Ferguson, Lars Larson, Sean Hannity, G. The gorilla, the largest of the primates, is a ground-dwelling herbivore that inhabits the forests of Africa. (There had been some precursors for this, such as the Los Angeles-area controversialist Joe Pyne, who would attack callers on his program in the early 1960s – one of his famous insults was "gargle with razor blades!" – as well as the similar Bob Grant in New York City.) The most successful pioneer in the 1990s talk radio movement was the politically conservative commentator Rush Limbaugh. A popular virtual band "The Gorillaz" is named after the animal. The repeal of the FCC "fairness doctrine" in 1987-which had required that stations provide free air time for responses to any controversial opinions that were broadcast-provided an opportunity for a kind of flatly partisan (and often intentionally inflammatory) programming that had not previously existed. In the 1997 film adaptation, Ape is voiced by John Cleese. The United States saw dramatic growth in the popularity of talk radio during the 1990s.

In the Tarzan-parody animated TV series George of the Jungle, George's best friend is an erudite talking gorilla named Ape. In the United States and Canada, Satellite Radio broadcasters syndicate many conventional "AM" talk radio shows, as well as produce their own original talk shows. In the animated Disney version of Tarzan, the hero's adopted family are gorillas (unlike the "Great Apes" of the original book), including Kala, Kerchak, Terk, and Tublat. These shows often rely less on political discussion and analysis than their AM counterparts, and often employ the use of pranks and staged phone calls for entertainment purposes. The British comedy series The Mighty Boosh features a talking gorilla named Bollo. The commercial FM talk stations often feature hosts such as Tom Leykis and Howard Stern whose audiences are comprised of more men than women. Its theme is a dance song called "Barking Gorillas Bounce" [6], and its logo features three gorillas dressed as a barbershop trio. Commercial all-talk stations can be found on the FM band in Los Angeles, Boston and other cities.

There is a children's musical group called Barking Gorillas [5]. "Non-commercial" usually referred to as "public radio", which is located in a reserved spectrum of the FM band, also broadcasts talk programs. In the popular video game Halo 2, an alien race nicknamed the Brutes resemble evil gorillas. Talk radio is not limited to the AM band. An intelligent gorilla named Grodd is a recurring super-villain of The Flash in DC Comics and the animated TV series Justice League and Justice League Unlimited. Former music stations such as WLW (Cincinnati, Ohio), WHAS (Louisville, Kentucky), WHAM (Rochester, New York), WLS (Chicago, Illinois), KFI (Los Angeles, California), WRKO (Boston, Massachusetts) and WABC (New York, New York) made the switch to all-talk as their ratings slumped due to listener migration to the FM band. Gorillas were frequently used as a gimmick to sell comics during the Silver Age of Comic Books: see Gorillas in comics. In the 1970s and early 1980s, as many listeners abandoned AM music formats for the high fidelity sound of the FM radio dial, the Talk Radio format began to catch on in more large cities.

In the award-winning novel Ishmael, written by Daniel Quinn, a gorilla teaches the protagonist about the history of humanity and the effect "civilized" culture has had on other species. KABC station manager Ben Hoberman and KMOX station manager Robert Hyland independently developed the all-talk format. He (she?) also plays backup guitar for "Freddie," a fellow student who may or may not be Freddie Mercury. Louis, Missouri, and KABC, 790 AM in Los Angeles—adopted an all-talk show format in 1960, and both claim to be the first to have done so. In the anime series "Sakigake! Cromartie High School," a gorilla is one of the more powerful delinquents at Cromartie High. Two radio stations—KMOX, 1120 AM in St. Writer Mark Evanier promotes this holiday on his web site [3], [4]. Joe Pyne and John Nebel were also among the first to explore the medium in the 1950s.

"National Gorilla-Suit Day" is celebrated every year on January 31st. Soon followed by listener call-ins, this is often credited as the first instance of talk radio, and Gray is often billed as "The Father of Talk Radio". The protagonist of Don Martin's Mad Magazine strip "National Gorilla-Suit Day" is beset by gorillas (or persons dressed as gorillas). Working for New York's WMCA in 1945, Barry Gray was bored with playing music and put a telephone receiver up to his microphone to talk with bandleader Woody Herman. His beast modes get more technological in each incarnation. Talk radio has existed since at least the mid-1940s. Optimus Primal in the TV series and toy line Beast Wars and Beast Machines starts out as a regular gorilla. .

The namesake of the Donkey Kong video game franchise is a gorilla. (In public or non-commercial radio, sometimes music is played in place of commercials to separate the program segments). In the Planet of the Apes films, comic books, etc., normal-sized gorillas fill security/military roles. Generally, the shows are organized into segments, each separated by a pause for advertisements. The giant gorilla is a recurring theme in film, especially in the various incarnations of King Kong and Mighty Joe Young. Listener contributions are usually screened by a show's producer(s) in order to maximize audience interest and, in the case of commercial talk radio, attract advertisers. The Phillips Academy boarding school in Andover, Massachusetts, has a gorilla as an informal mascot. Talk radio typically includes an element of listener participation, usually by broadcasting conversations with listeners who have placed telephone calls to speak with the program's host or guest.

Pittsburg State University in Pittsburg, Kansas, is the only public college in the United States to have a gorilla as mascot. Most shows feature a regular host, who interviews a number of different guests. The NBA's Phoenix Suns mascot is The Gorilla. Talk radio is a radio format which features discussion of topical issues. A gorilla is a mascot for a number of sports teams:

    . Catharines. Law, Harry Hamlin's character wooed the Susan Dey character while wearing a gorilla suit. The Phil Hendrie Show on CKTB St.

    In the first season of NBC's L.A. The Jim Rome Show. Bob Kelso (Ken Jenkins) wears a gorilla suit, unbeknownst to the doctors. the Brick. 31, 2002, Halloween episode of the NBC series Scrubs, chief of staff Dr. GameTime React with J.T. In the Oct. Laura.

    On the Canadian children's cable network YTV, a recurring character on the series The Zone is Gorilla Stan, a person wearing a cheap Halloween costume. Dr. Among the earliest examples is the gorilla-suited Nairobi Trio, a recurring-gag element of the 1950s TV comedy series, The Ernie Kovacs Show. Joy Browne Show. The gorilla suit is an eternally popular gag costume on television series.

      . The Dr. Eastern Lowland Gorilla, Gorilla beringei graueri. Coast to Coast AM with George Noory, arguably the most widely distributed U.S.-based program in Canada.

      Mountain Gorilla, Gorilla beringei beringei. It is also syndicated throughout the United States. Eastern Gorilla, Gorilla beringei

        . The 'X' Zone, a nightly show about paranormal topics hosted by Rob McConnell. Cross River Gorilla, Gorilla gorilla diehli. A three-hour program originating from The Fan 590, usually only the third hour is broadcast nationally. Western Lowland Gorilla, Gorilla gorilla gorilla. Prime Time Sports, a sports talk program hosted by Bob McCown.

        Western Gorilla, Gorilla gorilla

          . Love and Romance, a relationship advice program hosted by Sue McGarvie. It is the most widely distributed talk radio program in Canada. Renovations Cross Canada, a weekend program about home renovations hosted by Ren Molnar. The Home Discovery Show, a call-in home renovation program hosted by Shell Busey.

          The George Stroumboulopoulos Show airs on Sunday nights on stations in Toronto and Montreal. Movies from Mike Mayo and Max Weiss. Personal finance from Bob Brinker and Dave Ramsey, and. Automobiles, as on Car Talk,.

          Clark Howard,. Consumer advocacy e.g. Computers from Leo Laporte,Kim Komando, Bill Dubie and Dave Sciuto. Mental health from David Viscott.

          Dean Edell. Health and Medicine from Dr. Relationships, as on shows such as Loveline and The Satellite Sisters. Laura,.

          Joy and Dr. Ethics and Morality from Dr.