Genoa

Immigrants by country (2004).
. [2]. Students from mainland Turkey also study at universities on the Turkish side of Cyprus which is a great economic income for the North Cyprus Turkish Republic. But there has been a sharp increase of immigrants mostly from South America, Eastern Europe, and a very meagre number from Asia. Eastern European countries, especially Bulgaria and Hungary, are still popular destinations for students. An estimated 95.3% of the population is of Italian origin. Traditionally the left wing party AKEL provided scholarships for its members to study in Eastern Europe.

Southern and northern Italians alike have flocked to the city during the late 1900's. A large number of students after sitting for A-levels and/or SATs study abroad, mainly in English speaking countries such as the US or UK, but also in other European destinations such as France and Germany. The population is quite homogenous Italian. Thus following 1974 the Cypriot system follows the Greek system in the south, in other words providing their students with an apolytirion, and the Turkish system in the north. Famous Genoese include Cristoforo Colombo (Christopher Columbus), Admiral Andrea Doria, composers Niccolò Paganini and Michele Novaro, painter Domenico Piola, Italian patriots Giuseppe Mazzini and Gerolamo Nino Bixio, writer and translator Fernanda Pivano, poet Edoardo Sanguineti, architect Renzo Piano, Physics 2002 Nobel Prize winner Riccardo Giacconi, Literature 1975 Nobel Prize winner Eugenio Montale, artist Vanessa Beecroft, comedians Gilberto Govi and Paolo Villaggio, folk singers Fabrizio de André and Ivano Fossati. State education was based on nationalisation of existing community supported schools from the colonial period. In 1860, Giuseppe Garibaldi set out from Genoa with over a thousand volunteers to begin the campaign. According to the 1960 constitution, education is under the control of the two communities (the communal chambers).

With the growth of the Risorgimento movement, the Genoese turned their struggles from Giuseppe Mazzini's vision of a local republic into a struggle for a unified Italy under a liberalized Savoy monarchy. Private colleges and state-supported universities have been developed by both the Turkish and Greek communities. The city soon gained a reputation as a hotbed of anti-Savoy republican agitation, although the union with Savoy was economically very beneficial. The majority of Cypriots receive their higher education at Greek, British, Turkish, EU & US universities, while there are also sizeable emigrant communities in the United Kingdom and Australia. Although the Genoese revolted against France in 1814 and liberated the city on their own, delegates at the Congress of Vienna sanctioned its incorporation into Piedmont (Kingdom of Sardinia), thus ending the three century old struggle by the House of Savoy to acquire the city. Unlike in other countries, state schools are generally seen as equivalent or better in quality of education than private sector institutions. In 1797, under pressure from Napoleon, Genoa became a French protectorate called the Ligurian Republic, which was annexed by France in 1805. Cyprus has a well-developed system of primary and secondary education offering both public and private education.

However, with the shift in world economy and trade routes to the New World and away from the Mediterranean, Genoa's political and economic power went into steady decline. English is widely understood, and is taught in schools from primary age. In 1768, Genoa was forced to cede Corsica to France. Historically however, the Greek language was largely spoken by all Greek Cypriots and by many Turkish Cypriots. Genoa suffered from French bombardment in 1684, and was occupied by Austria in 1746 during the War of the Austrian Succession. This delineation is only reflective of the post-1974 division of the island, which involved an expulsion of Greek Cypriots from the north and the analoguous move of Turkish Cypriots from the south. The famed architect Galeazzo Alessi (1512-1572) designed many of the city’s splendid palazzo. Greek is the predominant language in the south, Turkish in the north.

At the time of Genoa’s peak in the 16th century, the city attracted many artists, including Rubens, Caravaggio, and Van Dyke. The major part of Greek Cypriots are Eastern Orthodox Christians, whereas Turkish Cypriots are Muslims. Under the ensuing economic recovery, many Genoese family amassed tremendous fortunes. Greek and Turkish Cypriots share many customs but maintain their ethnicity based on religion, language, and close ties with their respective motherlands. The Spanish connection was reinforced by Andrea Doria, who established a new constitution in 1528, making Genoa a satellite of the Spanish Empire. Eventual adoption of the euro currency is required of all new countries joining the European Union, and the Cyprus government currently intends to adopt the currency on 1 January 2008. Christopher Columbus, a native of Genoa, donated one-tenth of his income from the discovery of the Americas for Spain to the Bank of San Giorgio in Genoa for the relief of taxation on foods. Moreover, the small, vulnerable economy has suffered because the Turkish lira is legal tender.

Genoa lost Sardinia to Aragon, Corsica to internal revolt and its Middle Eastern colonies to the Ottoman Empire and the Arabs. The influx of about 100,000 Turkish economic migrants in the occupied part of Cyprus, who in their majority are uneducated workers, has brought even more trouble in the economy of the occupied area. After a period of French domination from 1394-1409, Genoa came under rule by the Visconti of Milan. The economy relies heavily on agriculture. The wars with Venice continued, and the War of Chioggia (1378-1381), ended with a victory for Venice. The economy in the occupied part of Cyprus is heavily dependent on Turkey for subsidies for its survival. Following the economic and population collapse, Genoa adopted the Venetian model of government, and was presided over by a doge (see Doges of Genoa). The level of the oil field in terms of production (barrels per day) that the two countries will be able to produce is still a matter of speculation.

The Black Death was imported into Europe in 1349 from the Genoese trading post at Kaffa (Feodosiya) in the Crimea, on the Black Sea. Recently, oil has been discovered in the sea South of Cyprus (between Cyprus and Egypt) and talks are under way with Egypt to reach an agreement as to the exploitation of these resources. However, this prosperity did not last. Economic policy of the Cyprus government has focused on meeting the criteria for admission to the European Union. Genoa's political zenith came with its victory over Pisa in 1284, and its persistent rival, Venice, in 1298. Cyprus has been sought as a basis for several offshore businesses, due to its highly developed infrastructure. Internal feuds between the powerful families, the Grimaldi, Doria, Spinola, and others caused much disruption, but in general the republic was run much as a business affair. The Cypriot economy is prosperous and has diversified in recent years.

The collapse of the Crusader States was offset by Genoa’s alliance with the Byzantine Empire, which opened opportunities of expansion into the Black Sea and Crimea. Economic affairs in Cyprus are dominated by the division of the country due to the Turkish occupation of the north part of the island. Genoese Crusaders brought home a green glass goblet from the Levant, which Genoese long regarded as the Holy Grail. See also:. Through Genoese participation on the Crusades, colonies were established in the Mideast, in the Aegean in Sicily and Northern Africa. In acknowledgement of the Turkish Cypriot community's support for reunification, however, the EU made it clear that trade concessions would be reached to stimulate economic growth in the north, and remains committed to reunification under acceptable terms. The Republic of Genoa extended over modern Liguria and Piedmont, Sardinia, Corsica and had practically complete control of the Tyrrhenian Sea. In May 2004, Cyprus entered the EU, although in practice membership only applies to the southern part of the island.

Genoa was one of the so-called "Maritime Republics" (Repubbliche Marinare), along with Venice, Pisa, and Amalfi) and trade, shipbuilding and banking helped support one of the largest and most powerful navies in the Mediterranean. The Greek side overwhelmingly rejected the Annan Plan, and the Turkish side voted in favour. Nominally, the Holy Roman Emperor was overlord and the Bishop of Genoa was president of the city; however, actual power was wielded by a number of "consuls" annually elected by popular assembly. A United Nations plan sponsored by Secretary-General Kofi Annan was announced on 31 March 2004, based on what progress had been made during the talks in Switzerland and fleshed out by the UN, was put to both sides in separate referenda on 24 April 2004. Before 1100, Genoa emerged as an independent city-state. By mid-March, the UN declared that the talks had failed. The town was sacked and burned in 934 by arab pirates but this didn't stop for long the city's progress. Papadopoulos had a reputation as a hard-liner on reunification and had rejected previous UN attempts to reunify the island.

For the following several centuries, Genoa was little more than a small, obscure fishing center, slowly building its merchant fleet which was to became the leading commercial carrier of the Mediterranean Sea. However, weeks before the UN deadline, Klerides was defeated in presidential elections by center candidate Tassos Papadopoulos. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Genoa was occupied by the Ostrogoths , then by the Lombards. In December 2002 the EU formally invited Cyprus to join in 2004, insisting that EU membership would apply to the whole island and hoping that it would provide a significant enticement for reunification resulting from the outcome of ongoing talks. Although remaining faithful to Rome while other Ligurian and Celtic peoples of northern Italy stood by Carthaginians in the Second Punic War, its importance as a Roman port city was eclipsed by the rise of Vada Sabatia, near modern Savona. UN-sponsored talks between the Greek and Turkish leaders, Glafkos Klerides and Rauf Denktash, continued intensively in 2002, but without resolution. Destroyed by the Carthaginians in 209 BC, the town was rebuilt by Rome, under which the city enjoyed municipal rights and exported skins, wood, and honey. The continued difficulties in finding a settlement presented a potential obstacle to Cypriot entry to the European Union, for which the government had applied in 1997.

A city cemetery, dating from the 6th and 5th centuries B.C., testifies to the occupation of the site by the Greeks, but the fine harbor probably was in use much earlier, perhaps by the Etruscans. The Greek side:. Genoa's history goes back to ancient times. The Turkish side:. . However, agreement was never reached on the finer details, and the two sides often met deadlock over the following points, among others:. Alternatively, the name has been claimed to derive from Latin Janua ("gate"), the two-headed god Janus, or an ancient word that means "foreigners", as the early settlers were considered foreign by the neighbouring population. The results of early negotiations between the Greek and Turkish sides resulted in a broad agreement in principle to reunification as a bi-cameral, bi-zonal federation with territory allocated to the Greek and Turkish communities within a united island.

"angle", from its geographical position, thus akin to the name of Geneva. In that sense, the buffer zone turns the south-east corner of the island, the Paralimni area, into a de facto, though not de jure, exclave. Its name is probably Ligurian, meaning "knee" (from Proto-Indo-European *genu 'knee'), i.e. The United Nations (UN) buffer zone separating the territory controlled by the Turkish Cypriot administration from the rest of Cyprus runs up against Dhekelia and picks up again from its east side, off of Ayios Nikolaos (connected to the rest of Dhekelia by a thin land corridor). Genua was a city of the ancient Ligurians. The northern part is an enclave like the two villages, whereas the southern part is located by the sea and therefore not an enclave —although it has no territorial waters of its own [1]. 871,733. Additionally there is the Dhekelia Power Station, which is divided by a British road into two parts.

601,338, the metropolitan area has a population of ca. The first two are the villages of Ormidhia and Xylotimbou. The city has a population of ca. Cyprus has four exclaves, all in territory that belongs to the British Sovereign Base Area of Dhekelia. Genoa (Italian Genova, Genoese Zena, French Gênes, German Genua, Spanish Génova,Galician Xénova) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. They are used as military bases. It is the oldest working lighthouse in the world, one of the five tallest ones, and the tallest brick one. Under the independence agreement, the UK retained title to two areas on the southern coast of the island, around Akrotiri and Dhekelia, known collectively as the UK sovereign base areas.

The port of Genoa is home to an ancient Lighthouse: "La Lanterna" ("the lantern"). The other power with territory on Cyprus is the United Kingdom. In 1922 the Genoa Conference was the first economic conference that included a representitative from the newly-communist Soviet Socialist Republics. The Organization of the Islamic Conference granted it observer member status under the name of "Turkish Cypriot State". For 2004, the European Union designated Genoa as European Capital of Culture, along with the French City of Lille. This state was recognised only by Turkey. The 27th G8 summit took place in Genoa in July 2001, resulting in riots and the shooting of a protestor and a violent crackdown by the police. The north proclaimed its independence in 1975, and the self-styled Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was established in 1983.

UC Sampdoria, football club founded in 1946. Its territory, the status of which remains disputed, extends over the northern third of the island. Genoa Cricket & Football Club founded in 1893. The Turkish Cypriot administration of the northern part of the island, together with Turkey, does not accept the Republic's rule over the whole island and refer to it as the "Greek Authority of Southern Cyprus". The University of Genoa, with 40,000 students (one of the larger universities in Italy,) was founded in 1481. Turkey aside, all foreign governments and the United Nations recognise the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus over the whole island of Cyprus. The Museo d'Arte Orientale is one of the largest collections of Oriental art in Europe. The Republic of Cyprus is the internationally recognised government of Cyprus, which controls the southern two-thirds of the island.

Lawrence Cathedral (Cattedrale di San Lorenzo), The Old Harbor (Porto Antico), transformed into a mall by architect Renzo Piano, Via Garibaldi with its superb palaces and the monumental cemetery on Staglieno's hill. Since 1974, Cyprus has been divided, de facto, into the Greek-Cypriot controlled southern two-thirds of the island and the Turkish-occupied northern one-third. Other landmarks of the city are the Palazzo Ducale (Doge's Palace), St. Cyprus gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1960, with the UK, Greece and Turkey retaining limited rights to intervene in internal affairs. The Aquarium of Genoa is the largest in Europe. See also:. It ranks second in the Mediterranean after neighbouring Marseille, France. In 1985, the TRNC adopted a constitution and held its first elections.

The port of Genoa is the first in Italy. In 1983, the Turkish Cypriots declared an independent state called the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), an action opposed by the United Nations Security Council. Romanians - 746. Subseqently, the Turkish Cypriots established their own seperatist institutions with a popularly elected de facto President and a Prime Minister responsible to the National Assembly exercising joint executive powers. Chinese - 910. Many thousands of others, from both sides, left the island entirely. Peruvians - 1,795. Turkish forces captured the northern part of the island(see Cyprus dispute).

Moroccans - 2,189. The intervention is called "Cyprus Peace Operation" by the Turkish side. Albanians - 2,781. Turkey responded by launching a military operation on Cyprus in a move not approved by the other two international guarantor powers, Greece and the United Kingdom which aimed to protect the Turkish minority from Greek militias. Ecuadorians - 10,169. Dissatisfaction in Greece with Makarios's perceived failure to deliver on earlier promises of enosis convinced the Greek colonels to sponsor the 1974 coup in Nicosia. Enosis remained an ideological goal, despite being pushed significantly further down the political agenda.

By 1967, when a military junta had seized power in Greece, the political impetus for enosis had faded, partly as a result of the non-aligned foreign policy of Cypriot President Makarios. The responsibilities of the chamber were transferred to the newfounded Ministry of Education. Since 1964, following clashes between the two communities, the Turkish Cypriot seats in the House remained vacant, while the Greek Cypriot Communal Chamber was abolished. The House of Representatives was elected on the basis of separate voters' rolls.

The executive, for example, was headed by a Greek Cypriot president, Archbishop Makarios III, and a Turkish Cypriot vice president, Dr Fazıl Küçük, elected by their respective communities for 5-year terms and each possessing a right of veto over certain types of legislation and executive decisions. The 1960 Cypriot Constitution provided for a presidential system of government with independent executive, legislative, and judicial branches, as well as a complex system of checks and balances, including a weighted power-sharing ratio designed to protect the interests of the Turkish Cypriots. Cyprus left the Non-Aligned Movement in 2004 to join the EU. After independence Cyprus became a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement despite all three guarantor powers (Greece, Turkey and the UK) being NATO members.

Cyprus is divided into six districts. See also:. All the other major cities are situated on the coast: Paphos to the south-west, Limassol to the south, Larnaca to the south-east, Famagusta to the east and Kyrenia to the north. The capital city, Nicosia, is located to the north-east of the centre of the island.

The climate is temperate and Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool, variably rainy winters. There are also scattered but significant plains along the southern coast. The central plain (Mesaoria) with the Kyrenia and Pentadactylos mountains to the north and the Troodos mountain range to the south and west. Historically, Cyprus has been at the crossroads between Europe, Southwest Asia, and North Africa, with lengthy periods of mainly Greek and intermittent Levantine, Anatolian and British influences.

Cyprus is geographically close to the Middle East (see also Southwest Asia and Near East) and due to the island's geographic proximity is often included in the region, though politically and culturally it is closely aligned with Europe, in particular Greece and to a lesser extent Turkey. The north maintains a lower standing of living due to the economic embargoes placed since its unilateral declaration of independence. Since the invasion, the southern part of Cyprus has greatly grown economically, and the country enjoys a high standard of living. Cyprus has joined the European Union as a full member since January 2005.

Since then, the Turkish occupying force in Cyprus has been fortified with US weapons. The United States set an embargo on sale of arms to Turkey which was voted down a few years later after the invasion. The S-300 missiles, in fact, never arrived in Cyprus but stayed on the neighbouring island of Crete. Relations in the eastern Mediterranean were particularly frayed in the mid-1990s, especially after the acquisition by the Cypriot government of Russian missiles in 1997 which were capable of reaching the Turkish coast.

Conversely, it continues to reject calls to recognise the Republic of Cyprus as the sole legitimate government of Cyprus, and this political point has caused strained relations with the European Union. Turkey is to date the only country to recognise the "government" of the occupied part of Cyprus. The UN Security Council, in its Resolution 541 of November 18, 1983, declared the action illegal and called for withdrawal. Turkish Cypriots proclaimed a separate state under Rauf Denktash on November 15, 1983.

After 1974 there were near-continual efforts to negotiate a settlement, which met with varying levels of hostility from either side. He accepted a bizonal bicommunal federation as the form of a future state, but rejected any solution "involving transfer of populations and amounting to partition of Cyprus." The events of the summer of 1974 have dominated Cypriot politics ever since and have been a major point of contention between Greece and Turkey. The tension continued after Makarios returned to the presidency on December 7, 1974. Greece then suspended military participation in the NATO alliance.

The Greek Junta made no armed response to the superior Turkish force but collapsed days after. Greek Cypriot soldiers were taken prisoners, with a number of 1,619 of those still missing and their fate is still unaccounted for. About 160,000 Greek Cypriots were uprooted, with Greek Cypriots forced to flee to the south, while approximately 50,000 Turkish Cypriots moved north. Talks in Geneva involving Greece, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the two Cypriot factions failed in mid-August, and the Turks subsequently moved to gain control of 37% of the island's territory.

Seven days after these events, Turkey invaded Cyprus by sea and air on 20 July, 1974, presenting the invasion as an act of protection for the island's 18% Turkish Cypriot minority. The new regime replaced Makarios with Nikos Giorgiades Sampson as president, and Bishop Gennadios as head of the Cypriot Orthodox Church. However, by 1974 dissatisfaction among right-wing elements in favour of the long-term goal of Enosis - union with Greece - precipitated a coup d'etat against Makarios which was sponsored by the military government of Greece and led by the Cypriot National Guard. During the 1960s, Makarios and Küçük pursued a non-aligned foreign policy, cultivating good relations with the Britain, Greece and Turkey and taking a leading role in developing the Non-Aligned Movement.

The first President was the Greek Cypriot leader Archbishop Makarios III, and his Vice President was the leading Turkish Cypriot politician Dr Fazıl Küçük. The constitution did not promote a healthy relationship between the residents of the island. The constitution produced by the negotiations was a binding document allocating government posts and public offices by ethnic quota. Independence was attained in 1960 after exhaustive negotiations between the United Kingdom, as the colonial power, and Greece and Turkey, the cultural 'motherlands' for the two communities on Cyprus.

In 1955 the struggle erupted into guerrilla activity with the foundation of EOKA, and in the closing years of the 1950s the political and intercommunal atmosphere on the island became increasingly fraught. The Greek community held referenda in support of annexation, while the British sought to quell any movement which could threaten their possession of the island. During the 1940s and 1950s, Cypriots began to demand union with Greece. Many Cypriots, now British subjects, signed up to fight in the British Army, in this and in the Second World War.

Cyprus was formally annexed by the United Kingdom in 1913 in the run-up to the First World War. Famagusta harbour was completed in June 1906; by this time the island was a strategic naval outpost for the British Empire, shoring up influence over the Eastern Mediterranean and Suez Canal, the crucial main route to India. Cyprus was placed under British control on 4 June 1878 as a result of the Cyprus Convention, which granted control of the island to Britain in return for British support of the Ottoman Empire in the Russian-Turkish War. The Republic of Venice took control in 1489 after the death of the last Lusignan Queen, after which the Ottoman Empire conquered the Island in 1570.

Guy of Lusignan purchased the island from Richard in 1192. After the rule of an independent Emperor (Isaac Comnenus), King Richard I of England captured the island in 1191 during the Crusades. The island negotiated a relatively secure independence, but paid tribute to the Ummayads. In 654 a second, devastating Arab invasion took place.

The Arabs pillaged the island in 646. Cyprus became part of the Byzantine Empire after the partitioning of the Roman Empire in 395, and remained so for almost 800 years. Her birth was famously depicted by the artist Botticelli in The Birth of Venus. Throughout ancient history, Cyprus was a flourishing centre for the cultic worship of Aphrodite.

The legendary site of Aphrodite's birth from the foam is at 'Petra tou Romiou' ('Aphrodite's Rock'), a large stack in the sea close to the coastal cliffs near Paphos. According to Hesiod's Theogony, the goddess, who was also known as Kypris or the Cyprian, emerged fully grown from the sea where the severed genitals of the god Uranus were cast by his son, Kronos, causing the sea to foam (Greek: Aphros). Cyprus is the legendary birthplace of the goddess of beauty, love, sex and passion, the beautiful Aphrodite. In this way Cyprus became the first country in the world to be governed by a Christian ruler.

After their arrival at Salamis they proceeded to Paphos where they converted the Roman Governor Sergius Paulus to Christianity. No doubt the most important event that occurred in Roman Cyprus was the visit by Apostles Paul and Barnabas accompanied by St Mark who came to the island at the outset of their first missionary journey in 45 AD. Later, the Greek rulers of Egypt controlled it; finally Rome annexed it in 58-57 BC. Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.) finally liberated the island from the Persians.

After their defeat, the Greeks mounted various expeditions in order to liberate Cyprus from the Persian yoke, but all their efforts bore only temporary results. The Persians finally won despite Ionian help. The Persians reacted quickly sending a considerable force against Onesilos. When the Ionian Greeks revolted against Persia (499 BC) the Cypriots except for the city of Amathus, joined in at the instigation of Onesilos, brother of the king of Salamis, whom he dethroned for not wanting to fight for independence.

In their new fate the Greeks of Cyprus had as companions the Greeks of Ionia (west coast of Anatolia) with whom they forged closer ties. In the Persian Empire, Cyprus formed part of the fifth satrapy and in addition to tribute it had to supply the Persians with ships and crews. In the 16th century B.C., Amasis of Egypt conquered Cyprus, which soon fell under the rule of the Persians when Cambyses conquered Egypt. In times Cyprus supplied the rest of the Greeks with timber for their fleets.

Cyprus has remained predominantly Greek in culture, language and population despite various influences resulting from successive conquests. Thus from 1220 B.C. The newcomers brought with them their language, their advanced technology and introduced a new outlook for visual arts. This migration is remembered in many sagas concerning how some of the Greek heroes that participated in the Trojan war came to settle in Cyprus.

begins the massive arrival of the Mycenæan Greeks as permanent settlers to Cyprus, a process which lasted for more than a century. Around 1200 B.C. Cyprus was invaded by Thothmes III of Egypt about 1500 B.C., and was forced to pay tribute. and several Greek and Phœnician settlements that belong to the Iron Age can be found on the island.

The Mycenæan civilization seems to have reached Cyprus at around 1600 B.C. The people quickly learned to work the rich copper mines of the island. There are but scanty traces of the Stone Age, but the Bronze Age is characterized by a well-developed and clearly marked civilization. It is also characteristic that in ancient times the name "Κύπρος (Cyprus)" in Greek was the first or second synthetic of names, such as: Αριστόκυπρος, Φιλόκυπρος, Κυπράνορας, Κυπροθέμης.

Homer in his epics Iliad and Odyssey refers to the island of "Kύπρον (kypron)": “Μούσα μοι έννεπε έργα πολυχρύσου Αφροδίτης Κύπριδος” – “Muse sing to me the works of golden haired Aphrodite Cypridos”. Note that Cyprus was the mythical birthplace of Aphrodite. Another probable suggestion is that it was named after the Greek goddess Aphrodite which was also called "Κυπρίς (kipris)". From there the word passed into European languages as "copper" in the English language, "cuivre" in French, "Kupfer" in German and "cobre" in Portuguese and in Spanish.

Through overseas trade, the island has already given its name to the Classical Latin word for the metal, which appears in the phrase aes Cyprium , "metal of Cyprus", later shortened to cuprum. Dossin, for example, suggests that it has roots to the Sumerian word for copper, "zubar" or even the word "kubar" (bronze), due to the large deposits of copper ore found on the island. Another school suggests that it stems from the eterocyprian word for copper. One suggestion is that it comes from the Greek word "κυπάρισσος (kypa'rissos)" meaning "cypress tree" or even from the Greek name of the plant Lawsonia alba (henna), "κύπρος (kypros)".

The name Cyprus has a somewhat uncertain etymology. . The Republic of Cyprus (Greek: Κύπρος, Kýpros; Turkish: Kıbrıs; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is an island nation in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, 113 kilometres (70 miles) south of Turkey and around 120 km west of the Syrian coast. +90-392 (a Turkish access number) is used in the north.

Number does not include any TRNC inhabitants
7. 230,000 inhabitants in the north
6. Number does not include approx. Of which 5,895 km² is in the south and 3,355 km² in the north
5.

The TRNC is only recognised by Turkey
4. Not recognised by Turkey, which instead recognises the TRNC. The north has a separate president of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC).
3. 2.