Genoa

Immigrants by country (2004). This allows the pilots to plot a great-circle route approximation on a flat, two-dimensional chart. [2]. The cone intersects the sphere (the earth) at one or two parallels which are chosen as standard lines. But there has been a sharp increase of immigrants mostly from South America, Eastern Europe, and a very meagre number from Asia. Airplane pilots use aeronautical charts based on a Lambert conformal conic projection, in which a cone is laid over the section of the earth to be mapped. An estimated 95.3% of the population is of Italian origin. Perhaps the best-known world-map projection is the Mercator Projection, originally designed as a form of nautical chart.

Southern and northern Italians alike have flocked to the city during the late 1900's. Maps that depict the surface of the Earth also use a projection, a way of translating the three-dimensional real surface of the geoid to a two-dimensional picture. The population is quite homogenous Italian. . Famous Genoese include Cristoforo Colombo (Christopher Columbus), Admiral Andrea Doria, composers Niccolò Paganini and Michele Novaro, painter Domenico Piola, Italian patriots Giuseppe Mazzini and Gerolamo Nino Bixio, writer and translator Fernanda Pivano, poet Edoardo Sanguineti, architect Renzo Piano, Physics 2002 Nobel Prize winner Riccardo Giacconi, Literature 1975 Nobel Prize winner Eugenio Montale, artist Vanessa Beecroft, comedians Gilberto Govi and Paolo Villaggio, folk singers Fabrizio de André and Ivano Fossati. Geological maps show not only the physical surface, but characteristics of the underlying rock, fault lines, and subsurface structures. In 1860, Giuseppe Garibaldi set out from Genoa with over a thousand volunteers to begin the campaign. The most important purpose of the political map is to show territorial borders; the purpose of the physical map is to show features of geography such as mountains, soil type or land use.

With the growth of the Risorgimento movement, the Genoese turned their struggles from Giuseppe Mazzini's vision of a local republic into a struggle for a unified Italy under a liberalized Savoy monarchy. Maps of the world are often either 'political' or 'physical'. The city soon gained a reputation as a hotbed of anti-Savoy republican agitation, although the union with Savoy was economically very beneficial. A world map is a map of the surface of the Earth, which may be made using any of a number of different map projections. Although the Genoese revolted against France in 1814 and liberated the city on their own, delegates at the Congress of Vienna sanctioned its incorporation into Piedmont (Kingdom of Sardinia), thus ending the three century old struggle by the House of Savoy to acquire the city. In 1797, under pressure from Napoleon, Genoa became a French protectorate called the Ligurian Republic, which was annexed by France in 1805.

However, with the shift in world economy and trade routes to the New World and away from the Mediterranean, Genoa's political and economic power went into steady decline. In 1768, Genoa was forced to cede Corsica to France. Genoa suffered from French bombardment in 1684, and was occupied by Austria in 1746 during the War of the Austrian Succession. The famed architect Galeazzo Alessi (1512-1572) designed many of the city’s splendid palazzo.

At the time of Genoa’s peak in the 16th century, the city attracted many artists, including Rubens, Caravaggio, and Van Dyke. Under the ensuing economic recovery, many Genoese family amassed tremendous fortunes. The Spanish connection was reinforced by Andrea Doria, who established a new constitution in 1528, making Genoa a satellite of the Spanish Empire. Christopher Columbus, a native of Genoa, donated one-tenth of his income from the discovery of the Americas for Spain to the Bank of San Giorgio in Genoa for the relief of taxation on foods.

Genoa lost Sardinia to Aragon, Corsica to internal revolt and its Middle Eastern colonies to the Ottoman Empire and the Arabs. After a period of French domination from 1394-1409, Genoa came under rule by the Visconti of Milan. The wars with Venice continued, and the War of Chioggia (1378-1381), ended with a victory for Venice. Following the economic and population collapse, Genoa adopted the Venetian model of government, and was presided over by a doge (see Doges of Genoa).

The Black Death was imported into Europe in 1349 from the Genoese trading post at Kaffa (Feodosiya) in the Crimea, on the Black Sea. However, this prosperity did not last. Genoa's political zenith came with its victory over Pisa in 1284, and its persistent rival, Venice, in 1298. Internal feuds between the powerful families, the Grimaldi, Doria, Spinola, and others caused much disruption, but in general the republic was run much as a business affair.

The collapse of the Crusader States was offset by Genoa’s alliance with the Byzantine Empire, which opened opportunities of expansion into the Black Sea and Crimea. Genoese Crusaders brought home a green glass goblet from the Levant, which Genoese long regarded as the Holy Grail. Through Genoese participation on the Crusades, colonies were established in the Mideast, in the Aegean in Sicily and Northern Africa. The Republic of Genoa extended over modern Liguria and Piedmont, Sardinia, Corsica and had practically complete control of the Tyrrhenian Sea.

Genoa was one of the so-called "Maritime Republics" (Repubbliche Marinare), along with Venice, Pisa, and Amalfi) and trade, shipbuilding and banking helped support one of the largest and most powerful navies in the Mediterranean. Nominally, the Holy Roman Emperor was overlord and the Bishop of Genoa was president of the city; however, actual power was wielded by a number of "consuls" annually elected by popular assembly. Before 1100, Genoa emerged as an independent city-state. The town was sacked and burned in 934 by arab pirates but this didn't stop for long the city's progress.

For the following several centuries, Genoa was little more than a small, obscure fishing center, slowly building its merchant fleet which was to became the leading commercial carrier of the Mediterranean Sea. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Genoa was occupied by the Ostrogoths , then by the Lombards. Although remaining faithful to Rome while other Ligurian and Celtic peoples of northern Italy stood by Carthaginians in the Second Punic War, its importance as a Roman port city was eclipsed by the rise of Vada Sabatia, near modern Savona. Destroyed by the Carthaginians in 209 BC, the town was rebuilt by Rome, under which the city enjoyed municipal rights and exported skins, wood, and honey.

A city cemetery, dating from the 6th and 5th centuries B.C., testifies to the occupation of the site by the Greeks, but the fine harbor probably was in use much earlier, perhaps by the Etruscans. Genoa's history goes back to ancient times. . Alternatively, the name has been claimed to derive from Latin Janua ("gate"), the two-headed god Janus, or an ancient word that means "foreigners", as the early settlers were considered foreign by the neighbouring population.

"angle", from its geographical position, thus akin to the name of Geneva. Its name is probably Ligurian, meaning "knee" (from Proto-Indo-European *genu 'knee'), i.e. Genua was a city of the ancient Ligurians. 871,733.

601,338, the metropolitan area has a population of ca. The city has a population of ca. Genoa (Italian Genova, Genoese Zena, French Gênes, German Genua, Spanish Génova,Galician Xénova) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. It is the oldest working lighthouse in the world, one of the five tallest ones, and the tallest brick one.

The port of Genoa is home to an ancient Lighthouse: "La Lanterna" ("the lantern"). In 1922 the Genoa Conference was the first economic conference that included a representitative from the newly-communist Soviet Socialist Republics. For 2004, the European Union designated Genoa as European Capital of Culture, along with the French City of Lille. The 27th G8 summit took place in Genoa in July 2001, resulting in riots and the shooting of a protestor and a violent crackdown by the police.

UC Sampdoria, football club founded in 1946. Genoa Cricket & Football Club founded in 1893. The University of Genoa, with 40,000 students (one of the larger universities in Italy,) was founded in 1481. The Museo d'Arte Orientale is one of the largest collections of Oriental art in Europe.

Lawrence Cathedral (Cattedrale di San Lorenzo), The Old Harbor (Porto Antico), transformed into a mall by architect Renzo Piano, Via Garibaldi with its superb palaces and the monumental cemetery on Staglieno's hill. Other landmarks of the city are the Palazzo Ducale (Doge's Palace), St. The Aquarium of Genoa is the largest in Europe. It ranks second in the Mediterranean after neighbouring Marseille, France.

The port of Genoa is the first in Italy. Romanians - 746. Chinese - 910. Peruvians - 1,795.

Moroccans - 2,189. Albanians - 2,781. Ecuadorians - 10,169.