Formula One

. Also see September 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics). They are expected to sign former BAR driver Takuma Sato to drive for their team, their engines would be supplied by Honda, and as of November 2005 they are in negotiations with former Minardi chief Paul Stoddart to buy chassis for their cars, which would be the 2002 Arrows model^[14]. . The team is named after its founder, Aguri Suzuki, who was a Formula One driver himself and participated in 88 races.
. Another team, Super Aguri F1 is set to join the F1 course in 2006, after gaining the unanimous agreement of the ten existing team ^[13]. It is usually the first day of the Coptic calendar and Ethiopian calendar (in the period AD 1900 to AD 2099).

In 2006, the Faenza-based team will be run as a junior team named Scuderia Toro Rosso (initially known as Squadra Toro Rosso), although technically the team is a separate entity to Red Bull Racing. There are 111 days remaining. Arguably, the final small team disappeared with the September 2005 purchase of Minardi by Red Bull. September 11 is the 254th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (255th in leap years). The Williams team will cease their partnership with BMW as a result, instead opting to run Cosworth engines for 2006. Feast day of Saint Deiniol. In June 2005, BMW bought a majority stake in Sauber and intends to run the team as a factory entry in 2006. Proclaimed 9-1-1 Emergency Number Day by President Reagan on August 26 in 1987 and celebrated since then by some United States communities, particularly the local emergency services.

For 2006, Jordan will be rebadged as Midland F1. Death anniversary of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan. Jordan then signed deal to use Toyota engines, while Minardi continued to use Cosworth engines under Cosworth's new owners. Sarmiento. Jordan and Minardi both relied on Ford's Cosworth engines. Latin America Teacher's Day, after the death of Argentine Domingo F. Jaguar Racing was sold to Red Bull and is now known as Red Bull Racing. Patriot Day (USA) - Anniversary of the September 11 attacks.

The Ford Motor Company's decision to pull out of Formula One at the end of 2004 exposed the vulnerabilities of some small teams. Catalonia (Spain) - National Day. Drivers must make a final choice of dry-weather compound ahead of qualifying. New Year's Day in the Ethiopian calendar (Enkutatash). Drivers also have access to slightly more tyres than in 2005 - seven sets of dry-weather, four sets of wet-weather and three sets of extreme-weather. Coptic Orthodox Church - Feast of Neyrouz, the New Year's Day in the Coptic calendar. Also,the 2006 season will see the return of the tyre changes during the pitstops.The thinking behind this is that the reduced engine size will offset any performance gain. RC Saints - Virgin of the Holy cave; Saint Deiniol, Our Lady of Coromoto, Protus & Hyacynthus.

[12]. 1923). These changes will be applicable for the 2006 season. 2005 - Chris Schenkel, American sportscaster (b. For the final period, lasting 20 minutes, the cars will be arranged on the grid in positions one to ten in the order of their times, the fastest occupying pole position. 1939). The times for the ten remaining cars will be reset for the next session. artist (emphysema) (b.

These cars will make up the grid in positions eleven to fifteen in the order of their times, the fastest occupying 11th position. 2004 - David Mann, U.S. At the end of the second 15-minute period the slowest five cars can take no further part in qualifying. 1933). The times for the fifteen remaining cars are reset for the next session. 2004 - Fred Ebb, American lyricist (b. These cars will make up the last five grid positions in the order of their times, the fastest occupying 16th position. 1949).

At the end of the first 15-minute period the slowest five cars can take no further part in qualifying. 2004 - Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria (helicopter crash) (b. All cars are permitted on the track. 1948). Also, in 2005-10-24, the Formula One commission decided to switch the competition to the "KO" system. 2003 - John Ritter, American actor (b. [11]. 1957).

These changes are due in 2007. 2003 - Anna Lindh, Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs (assassinated) (b. In 2005-10-05, the FIA proposal of enhancing overtaking won the support of the teams by agreeing about the new rear wing concept -that would eliminate the current single rear wing and replace it with two box-like wings, one behind each rear wheel. 1933). Over the coming years, radical changes will be made to the rules. 2002 - Johnny Unitas, American football player (b. In the long run, the FIA intends to introduce greater restrictions on testing and the introduction of standardised electronic units and tires. 1922).

However, some teams will be allowed to continue using the V10 with a rev limiter in order to cut costs. 2002 - Kim Hunter, American actress (b. Beginning with the 2006 season, engine displacement will be decreased, a 2.4L V8 replacing the current 3.0L V10. 1955). Both the teams and the drivers are still unhappy with the qualifying system, however, and several alternative formats have been suggested for use from 2006 onwards.^[10]. 2001 - Barbara Olson, American political commentator (9/11 attacks) (b. This was ditched after complaints from spectators, who felt that the Saturday session was meaningless, and broadcasters, who did not want to broadcast so much Formula One on a Sunday. 1966).

The current qualifying format, a single flying lap on race fuel, replaced one which was used for the first part of the 2005 season (until the 2005 European Grand Prix) which involved two separate sessions, one on Saturday and a second on Sunday morning, with the starting grid drawn up according to the fastest aggregate time of each driver. Juarbe, Jr., American firefighter, winner of Murder in Small Town X (9/11 attacks) (b. These two issues, safety and cost, are paramount in all rule-change discussions, and the FIA has made public its intention to continue to modify the rules with these goals in mind. 2001 - Angel L. In an attempt to reduce costs, a new rule requires each engine to be used for two consecutive races. 1968). In the interest of safety, the FIA instituted a number of rule changes at the start of the 2005 season, including restrictions on the changing of tyres. 2001 - Todd Beamer, passenger on United Airlines Flight 93 (9/11 attacks) (b.

These newer circuits, however are generally agreed upon to meet the safety standards of modern Formula One better than the older ones. 1968). His redesign of the Hockenheim circuit in Germany for example, while providing more capacity for grandstands and eliminating extremely long and dangerous straights, has been frowned upon by many who argue that part of the character of the Hockenheim circuits were the long and blinding straights into the Black Forest. 2001 - Muhammad Atta, Egyptian terrorist (9/11 attacks) (b. Several of the new circuits in F1, especially those designed by Herman Tilke, have been criticized as lacking the "flow" of such classics as Spa-Francorchamps and Imola. 1946). The US Grand Prix has been offically scheduled to occur again at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on July 2, 2006. 2001 - David Angell, American sitcom creator (9/11 attacks) (b.

The future of the United States Grand Prix at Indianapolis Motor Speedway is also in doubt after only six cars started the 2005 race due to concerns about the safety of the supplied Michelin tyres. 1972). The inaugural Turkish Grand Prix took place in 2005 in IstanbulPark, and Ecclestone has asserted publicly that F1 will return to South Africa within five years.^[7] He has also expressed interest in a Russian Grand Prix in Moscow or St Petersburg in the near future.^[8] The European Union's ratification of laws prohibiting tobacco advertising went into effect on July 31, 2005, providing another incentive for the heavily tobacco-sponsored sport to find venues outside of Europe.^[9]. 1999 - Gonzalo Rodriguez, Uruguayan auto racing driver (b. As of 2005, this expansion has resulted in the disappearance of only one race, the Austrian Grand Prix, which was last held in 2003; however, several teams have expressed their preference for a shorter calendar^[6], and the future of such races as the British, European and San Marino Grands Prix has recently fallen into doubt. 1913). In the interest of making the sport truer to its designation as a World Championship, FOM president Bernie Ecclestone has initiated and organized a number of Grands Prix in new countries and continues to discuss new future races. 1998 - Dane Clark, American actor (b.

The sport's rapid expansion into new areas of the globe also leaves some question as to which races will be cut. 1995 - Anita Harding, neurologist. At present, the FIA has been taxed with the responsibility of making rules to combat the spiralling costs which affect the smaller teams and to ensure that the sport remains as safe as possible. 1924). However, viewing figures are seeing some signs of recovery due to the varied 2005 season, with the Canadian Grand Prix attracting the third largest global TV audience of any sporting event in 2005, behind only the Super Bowl and the UEFA Champions League final.^[5]. 1994 - William Obanhein, police officer, mentioned in "Alice's Restaurant" (b. Viewing figures dropped, and fans expressed their loss of interest due to the dominance of Michael Schumacher and Ferrari. 1909).

Formula One went through a difficult period in the early 2000s. 1994 - Jessica Tandy, American actress (b. Whilst circuit safety is of prime importance, this can often be achieved without the reduction of the modern circuit to parade route status. 1912). An ongoing complaint of long time F1 fans is the emasculation of the world's greatest circuits in order to satisfy sometimes arbitrary demands from the FIA. 1993 - Erich Leinsdorf, Austrian conductor (b. These were mostly aimed at better matching the speed of a car with both the available space to slow down in before reaching a barrier and the ability of those barriers to safely absorb the energy of a crash. 1949).

This is an ongoing task – after the deaths of Ayrton Senna and Roland Ratzenberger at Imola during the 1994 season, the FIA mandated further changes to circuits. 1990 - Myrna Mack, Guatemalan anthropologist (assassinated) (b. Whereas in the 1950s a driver was lucky to find a strategically placed bale of straw to absorb an impact, modern Formula One circuits feature large run-off areas, gravel traps and tire barriers to reduce the risk of injury in crashes. 1919). Circuit design to protect the safety of drivers is becoming increasingly sophisticated, as exemplified by the new track in Bahrain, designed – like most of F1's new circuits – by Hermann Tilke. 1988 - John Sylvester White, American actor (b. Three-time World champion Nelson Piquet famously described racing in Monaco as "riding a bicycle around your living room.". 1944).

The glamour and history of the Monaco race are the primary reasons why the circuit is still in use, since it is thought not to meet the strict safety requirements imposed on other tracks. 1987 - Peter Tosh, Jamaican musician and singer (b. Several other circuits are also completely or partially laid out on public roads, such as Spa-Francorchamps. 1915). The only real street circuit is the Circuit de Monaco, used for the Monaco Grand Prix, although races in other urban locations come and go (Las Vegas and Detroit, for example) and proposals for such races are often discussed – most recently for London. 1987 - Lorne Greene, Canadian actor (b. Most of the circuits currently in use are specially constructed for competition. 1905).

Also particularly lamented are the circuits at Zandvoort in the Netherlands and Kyalami in South Africa, neither of which are now used by F1. 1985 - William Alwyn, English composer (b. Many corners have become well known in their own right, such as the high-speed Eau Rouge at Spa-Francorchamps, and before the addition of chicanes to tame it, the Tamburello corner at Imola and the Curva Grande at Monza, as well as in recent years the thirteenth turn at Indianapolis (road course configuration), known as the fastest corner in the sport. 1901). Those few circuits that run anticlockwise (and therefore have predominantly left handed corners) can cause drivers neck problems due to the enormous lateral forces generated by F1 cars pulling their heads in the opposite direction to normal. 1984 - Jerry Voorhis, American politician (b. The layout of the rest of the circuit varies widely, although in most cases the circuit runs in a clockwise direction. 1978 - Janet Parker, medical photographer, the final victim of smallpox.

The pit lane, where the drivers stop for fuel during the race, and where the teams work on the cars before the race, is normally located next to the starting grid. 1929). A typical circuit usually features a stretch of straight road on which the starting grid is situated. 1978 - Georgi Markov, Bulgarian dissident (assassinated) (b. The Bahrain Grand Prix, along with other new races in China and Turkey, present new opportunities for the growth and evolution of the Formula One Grand Prix franchise whilst new facilities also raise the bar for other Formula One racing venues around the world. 1908). One of the newest races on the Grand Prix, held in Bahrain, represents Formula One's first penetration into the Middle East with a high tech purpose-built desert track. 1973 - Salvador Allende, President of Chile (presumed suicide) (b.

It has always taken place at Monza, with one exception in 1980 when it took place at Imola (which now hosts the San Marino Grand Prix). 1883). The only other race to have been included in every World Championship season is the Italian Grand Prix. 1972 - Max Fleischer, American animator (b. The British Grand Prix, for example, though held every year since 1950, alternated between Brands Hatch and Silverstone from 1963 to 1986. 1894). The grands prix, some of which have a history that predates the Formula One World Championship, are not always held on the same circuit every year. 1971 - Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, Soviet politician and leader (b.

For example, every year two grands prix take place in Germany, one of which is known as the European Grand Prix. Woolman, American airline magnate. If a single country hosts multiple grands prix in a year, they receive different names. E. Traditionally, each nation has hosted a single grand prix that carries the name of the country. 1966 - C. The current nineteen races are spread over the continents of Europe, Asia, Oceania, North America, and South America. Service, Scottish-born Canadian poet.

Asia (Japan in 1976) and Oceania (Australia in 1985) followed. 1958 - Robert W. Argentina hosted the first South American grand prix in 1953, and Morocco hosted the first African World Championship race in 1958. 1956 - Billy Bishop, Canadian pilot in World War I. The F1 championship gradually expanded to other non-European countries as well. 1950 - Jan Smuts, South African soldier and statesman. Six of the original seven races took place in Europe; the only non-European race that counted towards the World Championship in 1950 was the Indianapolis 500, which, due to lack of participation by F1 teams, since it required cars with different specifications from the other races, was later replaced by the United States Grand Prix. 1948 - Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan.

Though the number of races had stayed at sixteen or seventeen since the 1980s, it reached nineteen in 2005. 1932 - Franciszek Żwirko and Stanisław Wigura, Polish pilots (plane crash). Only seven races comprised the inaugural 1950 season; over the years the calendar has more than doubled in size. 1931 - Salvatore Maranzano, crime boss. The number of Grands Prix held in a season has varied over the years. 1882). Jochen Rindt has the distinction of having been the only posthumous World Champion. 1921 - Subramanya Bharathy, Tamil poet (b.

Michael Schumacher holds the record for having won the most Drivers' Championships (seven) and Ferrari holds the record for having won the most Constructors' Championships (fourteen). 1888 - Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, President of Argentina. As privateer teams quickly folded in the early 1990s, numbers were frequently shuffled around, until the current system was adopted in 1996. 1851 - Sylvester Graham, American nutritionist. For many years, for example, Ferrari held numbers 27 & 28, regardless of their finishing position in the world championship. 1843 - Joseph Nicollet, mathematician and explorer. Before 1996, only the world championship winning driver and his team generally swapped numbers with the previous champion – the remainder held their numbers from prior years, as they had been originally set at the start of the 1974 season. 1823 - David Ricardo, economist.

The number 13 has not been used since 1974, before which it was occasionally assigned at the discretion of individual race organizers. 1704). In this case the drivers for the team of the previous year's champion are given numbers 0 and 2. 1760 - Louis Godin, French astronomer (b. There have been exceptions to this rule, such as in 1993 and 1994, when the current World Drivers' Champion was no longer competing in Formula One. 1665). Numbers are then assigned according to each team's position in the previous season's World Constructors' Championship. 1721 - Rudolf Jakob Camerarius, German botanist and physician (b.

The previous season's World Drivers' Champion is designated number 1, with his teammate given number 2. 1596). Each car is assigned a number. 1680 - Emperor Go-Mizunoo of Japan (b. As a consequence, constructors desiring to enter Formula One often prefer to buy an existing team: B.A.R.'s purchase of Tyrrell and Midland's purchase of Jordan allowed both of these teams to sidestep the large deposit. 1621). Entering a new team in the Formula One World Championship requires a £25 million (about US$50 million) up-front payment to the FIA, which is then repaid to the team over the course of the season. 1680 - Roger Crab, English Puritan political writer (b.

Although teams rarely disclose information about their budgets, it is estimated that they range from US$75 million to US$500 million each. 1611). Ferrari is the only still-active team which competed in 1950, and as of 2005 only ten teams remain on the grid, each fielding two cars. 1677 - James Harrington, English politicial philosopher (b. In fact, such was the scarcity of competitive cars for much of the first decade of Formula One that Formula Two cars were admitted to fill the grids. 1577). The sport's 1950 debut season saw eighteen teams compete, but due to high costs many dropped out quickly. 1599 - Beatrice Cenci, Italian noblewoman executed for conspiring to kill her father (b.

The only remaining commercial engine manufacturer is Cosworth. 1315). Others, such as DaimlerChrysler, provide engines and sponsorship for privately owned teams in return for prominent advertisement on their team clothing and car livery. 1349 - Bonne of Luxembourg, queen of John II of France (b. Honda has also recently gained control over what was once British American Racing. 1269). After having virtually disappeared by the early 1980s, factory teams made a comeback in the 1990s and 2000s, with Toyota, Ferrari (FIAT), and Renault owning their own teams and BMW following suit by purchasing the former Sauber team. 1298 - Philip of Artois, French soldier (b.

As the manufacturers' deep pockets and engineering ability took over, these collaborations largely died out in favour of the present system in which a manufacturer supports a single team. 1279 - Robert Kilwardby, Archbishop of Canterbury. Companies such as Climax, Repco, Cosworth, Hart, Judd and Supertec, which had no direct team affiliation, often sold engines to teams who could not afford to manufacture them. 1105). Early manufacturer involvement came in the form of a "factory team" (that is, one owned and staffed by a major car company), such as those of Alfa Romeo, Ferrari (FIAT) or Renault. 1161 - Queen Melisende of Jerusalem (b. In its early years, Formula One teams sometimes also built their engines, though this became less common with the increased involvement of major car manufacturers such as BMW, DaimlerChrysler, Renault, Toyota, and Honda, whose large budgets rendered privately built engines less competitive (and redundant). 1999).

This requirement distinguishes the sport from series such as IRL, Champ Cars, and NASCAR, which allow teams to purchase chassis, and "spec series" such as GP2, which require all cars be kept to an identical specification. 1981 - Dylan Klebold, American mass murderer (d. Formula One teams must build the chassis in which they compete, and consequently the terms "team" and "constructor" are more or less interchangeable. 1978 - Ed Reed, American football player. The winner of the two annual championships are the driver and the team who have accumulated the most points at the end of the season. 1977 - Matthew Stevens, Welsh snooker player. The FIA awards points to the top eight drivers and their respective teams of a grand prix on a 10-8-6-5-4-3-2-1 basis (the race winner receives ten points, the first runner-up eight, and so on). 1977 - Ludacris, American rapper.

Throughout the race, drivers may make one or more pit stops in order to refuel, although they are currently not allowed to change tires unless the change is essential (for instance, due to a puncture). 1976 - Elephant Man, Jamaican musician. Races are a little over 300 kilometres (180 miles) long and are limited to two hours, though in practice they usually last about ninety minutes. 1971 - Richard Ashcroft, British singer. A light system above the track then signals the start of the race. 1968 - Kay Hanley, American musician. As long as he moves off and at least one car is behind him, he can retake his original position. 1967 - Harry Connick, Jr., American singer.

If a driver stalls before the parade lap, and the rest of the field passes him, then he must start from the back of the grid. 1967 - Maria Bartiromo, Financial Broadcast Journalist. The race begins with a warm-up formation lap, after which the cars assemble on the starting grid in the order they qualified. 1965 - David Roe, English snooker player. After these practice sessions, a qualifying session consisting of one "flying lap" (whereby the driver is given an empty track to set his time on, with time measured from a rolling start) determines a driver's position on the starting grid for Sunday's race, with the fastest driver during qualifying given "pole position" and the slowest driver starting last. 1965 - Moby, American musician. Third drivers are allowed to run on Fridays for teams that finished the preceding season in 5th place or lower. 1965 - Paul Heyman, American professional wrestling promoter, manager, and writer.

A Formula One Grand Prix event spans an entire weekend, beginning with two free practices on Friday, and two free practices on Saturday. 1965 - Bashar al-Assad, The current President of Syria. The effects on the already low viewing figures are to be seen as the sound produced by V8 engines is expected to be different and perhaps not as loud as their V10 counterparts. 1964 - Victor Wooten, American musician. The new 2.4 litre 8 Cylinder Formula is set to be introduced as early as the beginning of 2006 season allowing smaller teams to run rpm-limited V10 3-litre engines. 1964 - Roxann Dawson, American actress. Other Championship winning engines are those from Mercedes Benz, BMW, Porsche and Ford Cosworth. 1964 - Ellis Burks, baseball player.

but not only Renault was successful, Ferrari and specially Honda enjoyed great success with multiple championships with several teams, most notable McLaren and by a lesser extent Williams with whom Honda engines reached the highest levels of power in F1 history in the late 80's exceeding, in some circumstances, the 1200 bhp limit in qualifying. 1963 - Virginia Madsen, American actress. Renault was innovative during this period producing out of the standard designs as the 111º 10 cylinder engine for the 2003 RS23. 1962 - Kristy McNichol, American actress. At the end the statistics show a raw supremacy of the Renault engines having clinched several championships as engine suppliers and their first ever Drivers and Constructors Championships in a 100% Renault car in 2005. 1962 - Filip Dewinter Belgian politician. The year 2005 marks the end of an era, the end of the 10 cylinder powerplants which saw both normally aspirated and supercharged engines being deployed in F1 cars for more than two decades. 1962 - Elizabeth Daily, American actress.

It was introduced in many countries over the years, but was shut down after the 2002 season for financial reasons. 1957 - Brad Bird, American animator. Bernievision offered the viewer several simultaneous feeds (such as super signal, on-board, top of field, backfield, highlights, pit lane, timing), which were produced with cameras, technical equipment and staff different from those used for the conventional coverage. 1950 - Barry Sheene, British motorcyclist. Ecclestone experimented with a digital television package (known colloquially as Bernievision), which was launched at the 1996 German Grand Prix in cooperation with German digital television service "DF1". 1948 - John Martyn, English musician. During the early 2000s, Bernie Ecclestone's Formula One Administration created a number of trademarks, an official logo, and an official website for the sport in an attempt to give it a corporate identity. 1945 - Felton Perry, American actor.

^[3] In 2005, the United States Grand Prix at Indianapolis saw only three out of ten teams race in a bizarre mishap when it turned out that the Michelin tires for the other seven teams could not be safely used on the surface of the track, causing them to pull out ^[4] when the FIA refused a change for safety reasons, insisting on keeping to the letter of the regulations. 1945 - Franz Beckenbauer, German footballer. The ensuing scandal saw Ferrari slapped with a fine by the FIA, who also banned any further use of team orders in the new rules and regulations. 1944 - Everaldo, Brazilian football player. At the Austrian Grand Prix in 2002, Rubens Barrichello, Schumacher's teammate at Ferrari who was leading the race, was ordered to allow Schumacher to overtake him. 1943 - Raymond Villeneuve, Canadian terrorist. The first few years of the 21st century in F1 also saw some controversies and scandals. 1943 - Mickey Hart, American drummer (Grateful Dead).

In 2005, drivers were no longer allowed to change tires during the race, unless the tires are deemed to be dangerously worn. 1942 - Lola Falana, American singer. Other new restrictions included one making it mandatory for each engine to last two races; a driver that had to have his engine replaced would be penalised by starting at a lower position in the starting grid of the race. Solicitor General. Another new regulation made drivers start each race with the same level of fuel they had during qualifying, introducing a new tactical element to each team's strategy. 1940 - Theodore Olson, U.S. Most notably, the qualifying format has changed several times since 2003. 1940 - Brian de Palma, American film director.

Meanwhile, several changes to the rules were made in a bid to improve the on-track action and cut spiralling costs. 1939 - Charles Geschke, American inventor and businessman. In the rulebook, several driver aids returned due in part to developments that allowed teams to evade the FIA "restrictions". 2000). Michael Schumacher had been world champion for more than 1,800 days. 1935 - Gherman Titov, cosmonaut (d. Ferrari's championship streak finally came to an end on September 25, 2005 when Fernando Alonso clinched the 2005 championship with a third place finish at the Brazilian Grand Prix to become the youngest champion to date, replacing previous record holder Emerson Fittipaldi of Brazil. 1935 - Arvo Pärt, Estonian composer.

Juan Pablo Montoya driving for Williams also came close in 2003. 2002). Despite Ferrari's dominance, Kimi Räikkönen driving for McLaren had a theoretical chance of claiming the championship in 2003 right until the end of the season at the Japanese Grand Prix. Pierce, American author and activist (d. Later that year he became the youngest ever winner of a Grand Prix when he took the chequered flag in Hungary. William L. In 2003 Fernando Alonso became the youngest ever pole sitter by qualifying first at Malaysia. 1933 - Dr.

His record now stands at 7 championships. 2002). In 2002, Schumacher also set a new record by claiming the championship earlier in the season than any previous driver by winning the French Grand Prix in July that year.^[2] In 2003, Schumacher claimed his sixth championship title, beating the earlier record-holder, Juan Manuel Fangio with five championships. 1927 - Vernon Corea, Sri Lankan broadcaster (d. In 2001, Schumacher set the new record for the most Grands Prix ever won; the earlier record holder was Alain Prost, with 51 wins to his name. 1996). The early 2000s were dominated by Michael Schumacher and a resurgent Ferrari. David Schine, American businessman (d.

Many records have been broken in the 21st century especially in the hands of German Michael Schumacher and recently the young Spaniard Fernando Alonso. 1927 - G. This has prompted former Jordan owner Eddie Jordan to say that the days of competitive privateers are over.^[1]. 2000). Since 1990, 28 teams have pulled out of Formula One. 1924 - Tom Landry, American football coach (d. Financial troubles forced several teams to withdraw. 1923 - Dharmsamrat Paramhans Swami Madhavananda, Hindu guru.

This increased financial burden, combined with four teams' dominance (largely funded by big car manufacturers such as DaimlerChrysler), caused the poorer independent teams to struggle not only to remain competitive, but to stay in business. 1996). Due to the technological advances of the 1990s, the cost of competing in Formula One rose dramatically. 1917 - Jessica Mitford, British writer (d. Drivers from McLaren, Williams, Renault (formerly Benetton) and Ferrari, dubbed the "Big Four", have won every World Championship from 1984 to the present day. 1989). The FIA vowed to improve the sport's safety standards; since that weekend, no driver has died on the track during a race. 1917 - Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (d.

Tragically, Ayrton Senna died in a crash at the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix having taken over Prost's lead drive at Williams that year. 1983). The rivalry between racing legends Senna and Prost became F1's central focus in 1988, and continued until Prost retired at the end of 1993. 1913 - Paul "Bear" Bryant, American football coach (d. Honda and McLaren dominated much of the 1980s, whilst Renault-powered Williams drivers won several world championships in the mid 1990s, with a McLaren comeback in the late 1990s. 1969). On the track, the McLaren and Williams teams dominated the 1980s and 1990s. 1903 - Theodor Adorno, German sociologist (d.

The teams signed a second Concorde Agreement in 1992 and a third in 1997, which is due to expire on the last day of 2007. 2000). However, many observers felt that the ban on driver aids was a ban in name only as the FIA did not have the technology or the methods to eliminate these features from competition. 1899 - Jimmie Davis, composer (d. The FIA, due to complaints that technology was determining the outcome of races more than driver skill, banned many such aids in 1994. 1930). Some, like active suspension, were primarily developed for the track and later made their way to the showroom. Lawrence, English novelist (d.

Some were borrowed from contemporary road cars. 1885 - D.H. In the early 1990s, teams started introducing electronic driver aids such as power steering, traction control, and semi-automatic gearboxes. 1929). To reduce engine power output and thus speeds, the FIA limited fuel tank capacity in 1984 and boost pressures in 1988 before banning turbocharged engines in 1989. 1865 - Rainis, Latvian poet and playwright (d. These cars were and still are the most powerful open-wheel circuit racing cars ever. 1910).

In later years, notably 1987, the Formula One turbo cars produced in excess of 1,000 bhp in racing trim (and perhaps as much as 1,250 bhp in qualifying trim). Henry, American writer (d. By then, however, turbocharged engines, which Renault had pioneered in 1977, were producing over 700 bhp (520 kW) and were essential to be competitive. 1862 - O. The FIA imposed a ban on ground effect aerodynamics in 1983. 1918). 1981 saw the signing of the first Concorde Agreement, a contract which bound the teams to compete until its expiration and assured them a share of the profits from the sale of television rights, bringing an end to the FISA-FOCA War and contributing to Bernie Ecclestone's eventual complete financial control of the sport, after much negotiation. 1838 - John Ireland, American Catholic archbishop (d.

The formation of the Federation Internationale du Sport Automobile in 1979 set off the FISA-FOCA War, during which FISA and its president Jean Marie Balestre clashed repeatedly with the Formula One Constructors Association over television profits and technical regulations. 1870). In the late 1970s Lotus introduced ground effect aerodynamics that provided enormous downforce and greatly increased cornering speeds (though the concept had previously been tested by Jim Hall's Chaparral IndyCar team in the 1960s). 1836 - Fitz Hugh Ludlow, American author (d. Aerodynamic downforce slowly gained importance in car design from the appearance of aerofoils in the late 1960s. 1904). In 1968, Lotus painted an Imperial Tobacco livery on their cars, thus introducing sponsorship to the sport. 1825 - Eduard Hanslick, German music critic (d.

In 1962, Lotus introduced a car with aluminium sheet chassis called a monocoque in place of the traditional tubular chassis; this proved to be the next major technological breakthrough since the introduction of mid-engined cars. 1888). Between Jim Clark, Jackie Stewart, Jack Brabham, Graham Hill, and Denny Hulme, British teams and Commonwealth drivers won twelve world championships between 1962 and 1973. 1816 - Carl Zeiss, German lens maker (d. However, when Colin Chapman entered F1 as a chassis designer and later founder of Lotus, British racing green came to dominate the field for the next decade. 1895). The first British World Champion was Mike Hawthorn, who drove a Ferrari to the title in 1958. 1798 - Franz Ernst Neumann, German mineralogist and physicist (d.

By 1961, all competitors had switched to mid-engined cars. 1790). Jack Brabham, champion in 1959 and 1960, soon proved the new design's superiority. 1723 - Johann Bernhard Basedow, German educational reformer (d. The first major technological development, Cooper's re-introduction of mid-engined cars (following Porsche's pioneering and all-conquering Auto Unions of the 1930s), which evolved from the company's successful Formula 3 designs, occurred in the 1950s. 1779). Fangio is remembered for dominating Formula One's first decade and has long been considered the "grand master" of Formula One. 1711 - William Boyce, English composer (d.

Though Britain's Stirling Moss was able to compete regularly, he was never able to win the World Championship. 1748). However, Fangio won the title in 1951 and four more in the next six years, his streak interrupted by two-time champion Alberto Ascari of Ferrari. 1700 - James Thomson, Scottish poet (d. The inaugural Formula One World Championship was won by Italian Giuseppe Farina in his Alfa Romeo in 1950, barely defeating his Argentine teammate Juan Manuel Fangio. 1741). The sport's title, Formula One, indicates that it is intended to be the most advanced and most competitive of the many racing formulae. 1681 - Johann Gottlieb Heineccius, German jurist (d.

Non-championship Formula One races were held for many years, but due to the rising cost of competition, the last of these occurred in the early 1980s. 1675). A championship for constructors followed in 1958. 1611 - Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Marshal of France (d. A number of Grand Prix racing organisations laid out rules for a World Championship before World War II, but due to the suspension of racing during the war, the World Drivers Championship was not formalised until 1947, and was first run in 1950. 1585). The Formula One series has its roots in the European Grand Prix motor racing (q.v. for pre-1947 history) of the 1920s and 1930s. 1524 - Pierre de Ronsard, French poet (d.

. 1605). Its present President is Max Mosley, and is generally promoted and controlled by the official commercial rights holder Bernie Ecclestone through a variety of corporate entities. 1522 - Ulisse Aldrovandi, Italian naturalist (d. The sport is regulated by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile,with its headquarters in Place de la Concorde, Paris. 1204). In recent years, it has also become known for glamour. 1182 - Minamoto no Yoriie, Japanese shogun (d.

As the world's most expensive sport, its economic impact is significant, and its financial and political battles are widely observed. 2005 - The State of Israel officially declares an end to military rule in the Gaza Strip after 38 years of occupation. Europe is Formula One's traditional centre and remains its leading market; however, Grands Prix have been held all over the world, and with new races in Bahrain, China, Malaysia and Turkey, its scope is continually expanding. 2004 - Petros VII, the (Greek Orthodox) Patriarch of Alexandria and his company are killed in an unexplained helicopter crash outside Mount Athos, Greece. The cars race at speeds often in excess of 300 km/h (185 mph) with engines that produce, as of 2005, around 950 bhp at just over 19000 rpm. 2003 - Swedish foreign minister Anna Lindh dies after being assaulted and fatally wounded on September 10. It consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, held on purpose-built circuits or closed city streets, whose results determine two annual World Championships, one for drivers and one for constructors. In total, almost 3,000 are killed.

Formula One, abbreviated to F1 and also known as Grand Prix racing, is the highest class of single-seat open-wheel formula auto racing. 2001 - The September 11 attacks destroy the World Trade Center in New York City, part of The Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, and down a passenger airliner in Pennsylvania. Parragon. See S11. The Concise Encyclopedia of Formula One. 2000 - Activists protest against the World Economic Forum meeting in Melbourne, Australia. Tremayne, David & Hughes, Mark (1999). 1999 - Tennis: Serena Williams, 2 weeks short of her 18th birthday, wins her first Grand Slam tournament when she became US Open champion, becoming the first African American woman to win a Grand Slam tournament since Althea Gibson in 1958.

BBC Sport. Congress accusing President Bill Clinton of 11 possible impeachable offenses. (June 19, 2005). 1998 - Independent counsel Kenneth Starr sends a report to the U.S. Seven teams boycott US Grand Prix. 1997 - Scotland votes to re-establish its own Parliament on the 700th anniversary of the Battle of Stirling Bridge, after 290 years of union with England. Referenced 5 January 2006. 1996 - Union Pacific Railroad purchases Southern Pacific Railroad.

F1 third biggest global TV draw. 1992 - Hurricane Iniki, one of the most damaging hurricane in United States history during its time, devastates the State of Hawai'i, especially the islands of Kaua'i and Oahu. Retrieved 1 September 2005. Bush delivers a nationally televised speech in which he threatens the use of force to remove Iraqi soldiers from Kuwait, which Iraq had recently invaded. BBC Sport. W. Schumacher makes history (2002). 1990 - President George H.

Retrieved 1 September 2005. From Hungary thousands of East Germans throng to Austria and West Germany. itv.com/f1. 1989 - The iron curtain opens between the communist Hungary and Austria. Sauber: 19 races is too many (2004). 1987 - Reggae musician Peter Tosh is murdered in his own home in Kingston. The Sportstar. 1987 - CBS Evening News anchor Dan Rather, angry over being preempted for a tennis match, marches off the set, leaving affiliates with six minutes of an empty news desk.

It was Ferrari all the way. 1987 - 9-1-1 Emergency Number Day. 28, 2002). 1985 - Baseball: Pete Rose gets his 4,192nd career base hit, breaking Ty Cobb's record which stood for over 60 years. (Dec. 1981 - The Pee-wee Herman Show airs as a special on HBO. Rajan, Sanjay. 1973 - A military coup in Chile headed by General Augusto Pinochet topples the democratically elected President Salvador Allende.

Retrieved 1 September 2005. 1972 - Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) in America begins regular service. itv.com/f1. 1971 - The Egyptian Constitution becomes official. Mexican GP back on track (2005). 1970 - The Ford Pinto is introduced. Carlton. 1965 - The 1st Cavalry Division of the United States Army arrives in Vietnam.

The Guide to 2005 FIA Formula One World Championship : The World's Bestselling Grand Prix Guide. 1962 - The Beatles record their debut single, Love Me Do. Jones, Bruce (2005). 1961 - Formation of the World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 1 September 2005. promulgates the Sharon Statement. itv.com/f1. Buckley, Jr.

Jordan: Privateer era is over (2005). 1960 - Young Americans for Freedom meeting at home of William F. Includes foreword by Martin Brundle. 1955 - Dedication of the first Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Europe, the Bern Switzerland Temple. Carlton. 1948 - Henri Queuille becomes Prime Minister of France. The Official ITV Sport Guide: Formula One Grand Prix 2003. 1944 - World War II: the first allied troops of the US Army cross the western border of Nazi Germany.

Jones, Bruce (2003). 1943 - World War II: start of the liquidation of the Ghettos in Minsk and Lida by the Nazis. Parragon. 1943 - World War II: German troops occupy Corsica and Kosovo-Metohija. Formula One: The Complete Stats and Records of Grand Prix Racing. 1941 - World War II: US Navy ordered to attack German U-boats. Jones, Bruce (1998). 1941 - Ground broken for the construction of The Pentagon.

Hodder & Stoughton. 1940 - George Stibitz pioneers the first remote operation of a computer. The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Formula One. 1932 - Franciszek Żwirko and Stanisław Wigura, Polish Challenge 1932 winners, killed in a plane crash as their RWD 6 crashed into the ground during a storm. Jones, Bruce (1997). 1931 - Salvatore Maranzano is murdered by Charles Luciano's hitmen. Retrieved 25 October 2004. 1926 - An assassination attempt on Benito Mussolini fails.

The Official Formula 1 Website. 1922 - One of the Herald Sun of Melbourne, Australia's predecessor papers The Sun News-Pictorial is founded. Insight. (2004). 1922 - The British Mandate of Palestine begins. Parragon. 1921 - Motion picture star Fatty Arbuckle is arrested for rape. 55-84). 1919 - US Marines invade Honduras.

In, 100 Years of Change: Speed and Power (pp. 1918 - Baseball: The Boston Red Sox won the World Series; they would do so again on October 27, 2004 after 86 years. Grand Prix Motor Racing. The bridge initially collapsed on August 29, 1907. Gross, Nigel et al (1999). 1916 - The Quebec Bridge collapses for a second time, killing 11 men. Retrieved 23 October 2004. 1914 - Australia invades New Britain, defeating a German contingent there.

Federation Internationale de l'Automobile. 1911 - Middle Tennessee State University is founded in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, as Middle Tennessee Normal School. Formula One Regulations. (2004). 1897 - After months of pursuit, generals of Menelik II of Ethiopia capture Gaki Sherocho, the last king of Kaffa, bringing an end to that ancient kingdom. Retrieved 25 October 2004. 1893 - First World Parliament of Religions conference held. Federation Internationale de l'Automobile. 1888 - Death of the Argentine politician Domingo Sarmiento, after whom the Latin American Teacher's Day was chosen.

FIA Archive. (2004). 1869 - Work completed on the Wallace Monument. Retrieved 1 September 2005. 1857 - The Mountain Meadows Massacre: Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah. itv.com/f1. 1847 - Stephen Foster's most memorable song, Oh! Susanna, is first performed at a saloon in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Drivers suggest qualifying plan (2005). 1814 - The Battle of Plattsburgh.

Retrieved 1 September 2005. 1789 - Alexander Hamilton is appointed as first Secretary of the Treasury. itv.com/f1. 1786 - The Beginning of the Annapolis Convention. Confusion over tobacco laws (2005). 1777 - Battle of Brandywine - Major American Revolutionary war victory for British in Chester County, Pennsylvania. Retrieved 1 September 2005. 1776 - British-American peace conference on Staten Island fails to stop nascent American Revolution.

itv.com/f1. 1714 - Barcelona surrenders to Spanish and French Bourbonic armies in the War of the Spanish Succession. Bernie promises Russian race (2005). 1709 - Battle of Malplaquet: Great Britain, Netherlands and Austria fight against France. Retrieved 1 September 2005. 1649 - Siege of Drogheda ends: Oliver Cromwell's English Parliamentarian troops take the town and massacre its garrison. itv.com/f1. 1690 - Expulsion order announced against the Moriscos of Valencia; beginning of the expulsion of all Spain's Moriscos.

Bernie in South Africa pledge (2004). 1609 - Henry Hudson lands on Manhattan island. Retrieved 1 September 2005. 1541 - Santiago, Chile, is destroyed by indigenous warriors. itv.com/f1. 1297 - Battle of Stirling Bridge: Scots led by William Wallace defeat the English. Bernie confident of Indy future (2005). 1226 - The Catholic practice of Perpetual adoration begins.

Motorbooks International. The Complete Book of Formula One. Arron, Simon & Hughes, Mark (2003). ^  Super Aguri could run Arrows cars from BBC Sport, published 23 November 2005.

^  F1 gives Super Aguri green light from BBC Sport, published 21 December 2005. ^  Drivers suggest qualifying plan. ^  Bernie confident of Indy future. ^  Confusion over tobacco laws.

^  Bernie promises Russian race. ^  Bernie in South Africa pledge. ^  Mexican GP back on track. ^  Sauber: 19 races is too many.

^  Seven teams boycott US Grand Prix. ^  F1 third biggest global TV draw referenced from ITV-F1, published 31 December 2005. ^  It was Ferrari all the way. ^  Schumacher makes history.

^  Jordan: Privateer era is over. ^  Red Bull confirms Minardi purchase.