Earth

For descriptions of the Earth in (science) fiction, see Earth in fiction. See article Qantas Club. See Spaceship Earth and Gaia theory.. Since that time, new fleet have been given names from a specific theme:. Earth has also been described as a massive spaceship, with a life support system that requires maintenance, or as having a biosphere that forms one large organism. This aircraft was named Iris, by the Wife of the Governor General of the time. A photo taken of Earth by Voyager 1 inspired Carl Sagan to describe the planet as a "Pale Blue Dot". Naming of Qantas' fleet has occured since the arrival of the first DH50.

The technological developments of the latter half of the 20th century are widely considered to have altered the public's perception of the Earth. Although Qantas chose neither the Boeing 777 or Airbus 340, it is rumored that Qantas is still looking into buying planes from one of these two manufacturers for the LHR-SYD/SYD-LHR non-stop route. Surveying, the determination of locations and distances, and to a somewhat lesser extent navigation, the determination of position and direction, have developed alongside cartography and geography, providing and suitably quantifying the requisite information. In the meantime, Qantas will use its A330 on international routes to Asia. Cartography, the study and practice of mapmaking, and vicariously geography, have historically been the disciplines devoted to depicting the Earth. Delivery of the 787 will start in 2008, with the 787-900 coming in 2011. Prior to the introduction of space flight, this belief was countered with deductions based on observations of the secondary effects of the Earth's shape and parallels drawn with the shape of other planets. Qantas will use the Boeing 787 to cut travel time to Asia to less than 10 hours.

In the past there were varying levels of belief in a flat Earth because of this, but ancient Greek philosophers and, in the Middle Ages, thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas knew that the Earth was a sphere. This annoucement came after a long battle between Boeing and Airbus to meet the airline's needs for fleet renewal and future routes. Since Earth is rather large, it is not immediately obvious to the naked eye viewing from the surface that it is an oblate spheroid, bulging slightly at the equator and slightly flattened at the poles. On December 14, 2005, Qantas announced an order for 65 Boeing 787s with purchase rights on 50 more, with some going to JetStar. In Norse mythology, the Earth goddess Jord was the mother of Thor and the daughter of Annar. The interior design for the A380 aircraft is expected to feature new seat design, special lounge areas, AVOD, internet capability, and larger entertainment screens. As the patroness of fertility, her element is Earth. Qantas will also make aviation history by operating the longest 500-passenger service in the world, flying between Melbourne and Los Angeles (12,749 km).

The Chinese Earth goddess Hu-Tu is similar to Gaia, the deification of the Earth. Qantas intends to place the first 4 aircraft on trans-Pacific routes from Melbourne and Sydney to Los Angeles and later aircraft on services between Australia and London via Bangkok, Hong Kong, and Singapore (ref: Airliner World, March 2005). Earth has often been personified as a deity, in particular a goddess (see Gaia and Mother Earth). The aircraft will be operated in a three class, 501 seat configuration on international services. The United Nations is primarily an international discussion forum with only limited ability to pass and enforce laws. It will be the second airline (after launch customer Singapore Airlines) to receive an A380 and will take delivery of its first aircraft in April 2007. There is a worldwide general international organization, the United Nations. Qantas has placed an order for 12 Airbus A380-800, with options for 10 more.

Independent sovereign nations claim all of the land surface except for some segments of Antarctica. The QantasLink fleet consists of the following aircraft (at October 2005):. Earth does not have a sovereign government with planet-wide authority. The Qantas fleet consists of the following aircraft (at December 2005):. There are 267 administrative divisions, including nations, dependent areas, other, and miscellaneous entries. See full article: Qantas destinations. The southernmost is the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, in Antarctica, almost exactly at the South Pole. [3].

The northernmost settlement in the world is Alert, Ellesmere Island, Canada. No passengers were injured in the incident. See also space colonization. United released a statement saying its flight 840 from Melbourne to Los Angeles "reported a wingtip touch with a Qantas aircraft as it taxied". Out of those only twelve humans have ever walked on a world other than Earth: the men of Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17, who walked on the Moon between 1969 and 1972. On 2 February 2006, a Qantas Boeing 767, carrying 155 passengers and 11 crew, and a United Airlines 747, carrying 99 passengers and 14 crew, were involved in a wing clipping incident while on the runway of Melbourne's Tullamarine International Airport. In total, about 400 people have been outside Earth (in space) as of 2004. The aircraft was only 15 months old at the time of the incident.

During the exchange there are more, and sometimes others are also traveling briefly above the atmosphere. Subsequent investigation found no sign of smoke or fire, and it is believed that the cargo fire sensors were faulty. The station crew is replaced with new personnel every six months. 9 passengers were injured and hospitalised. Two humans are presently in orbit around Earth on board the International Space Station. The Osaka Control Tower reported seeing smoke on landing, so an emergency evacuation was declared as a precaution and emergency slides were deployed. Coastal areas constitute the highest density. The aircraft made an emergency landing at Kansai Airport in Osaka, Japan after an indication of smoke in the cargo hold.

It is estimated that only 1/8th of the surface of the Earth is suitable for humans to live on - 3/4 is covered by oceans, and half of the landmass is unsuitable, being desert, high mountain, etc. On 21 August 2005, an incident occurred involving Qantas Airbus A330-300 VH-QPE with 178 passengers and 13 crew aboard. Nearly all humans currently reside on Earth: 6,411,000,000 inhabitants (January 5, 2005 est.). It also returned to service after repairs. Most of the growth is expected to take place in developing nations. The following year 747-300 VH-EBW was damaged when its landing gear collapsed while taxiing at Rome. On 25 February 2005 the United Nations Population Division issued revised estimates and projected that the world's population will reach 7 billion by 2013 and swell to 9.1 billion in 2050. [2] Repairs to the nine-year-old aircraft were undertaken in China by TAECO at a cost in excess of A$100 million and it was suggested at the time that this expense was solely to avoid a hull-loss being recorded, a claim Qantas denied.

Long-term climate alteration due to enhancement of the greenhouse effect by human industrial carbon dioxide emissions is an increasing concern, the focus of intense study and debate. [1] There were no fatalities; however, the Australian Transport Safety Bureau criticised numerous inadequacies in Qantas' operational and training processes. Large areas are subject to man-made pollution of the air and water, acid rain and toxic substances, loss of vegetation (overgrazing, deforestation, desertification), loss of wildlife, species extinction, soil degradation, soil depletion, erosion, and introduction of invasive species. Qantas' record in the jet era was spotless until Boeing 747-400 VH-OJH over-ran the runway by 220 metres while landing in a rainstorm at Bangkok in 1999. Many places are subject to earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes, sinkholes, floods, droughts, and other calamities and disasters. Other fatal accidents occurred in 1927, 1934, 1942, 1943 (×2), and 1944. Large areas are subject to extreme weather such as (tropical cyclones), hurricanes, or typhoons that dominate life in those areas. One was on 16 July 1951, when De Havilland Drover VH-EBQ crashed in New Guinea after an engine failure, killing all seven passengers and crew.

Irrigated land: 2,481,250 km² (1993 est.). Prior to the jet era, Qantas had fatal crashes. The exploitation of non-renewable resources by human civilization has become a subject of significant controversy in modern environmentalism movements. However, the company's official line is that it has never lost a "jet" aircraft. Some of these resources, such as mineral fuels, are difficult to replenish on a short time scale, called non-renewable resources. It is often claimed, most notably in the 1988 movie Rain Man, that Qantas has never had a fatal crash. Elevation extremes: (measured relative to sea level). There are also plans to increase services to India, by making the current three times weekly service to Mumbai (Bombay) into a daily return flight.

Ocean currents, particularly the spectacular thermohaline circulation which distributes heat energy from the equatorial oceans to the polar regions, are important determinators of climate. On 30 November 2005 Qantas annouced that services to New York would go from 3 per week to 5 per week from 27 February 2006. Precipitation patterns vary widely, ranging from several metres of water per year to less than a millimetre. Also in mid-2005 Qantas annouced it would increase services to Shanghai and Johannesburg. Two large areas of polar climates separated by two rather narrow temperate zones from a wide equatorial band of tropical to subtropical climates. In mid-2005 Qantas announced it would recommence services to Beijing, Seoul, Vancouver and San Francisco. Terrestrial biomes lying within the Arctic and Antarctic Circles are relatively barren of plant and animal life, while most of the more populous biomes lie near the Equator. The first of the 787s are scheduled to be delivered to Jetstar in August 2008.

On land, biomes are separated primarily by latitude. Jetstar, Qantas' low-cost subsidiary, will also operate 10 of the new aircraft on international routes. The biosphere is divided into a number of biomes, inhabited by broadly similar flora and fauna. The aircraft will allow Qantas to replace their current 767-300 fleet, increase capacity and establish new routes. This biosphere is generally believed to have begun evolving about 3.5 billion (3.5×10⁹) years ago. The 787 was chosen after a very competitive selection process in which it competed directly with the Airbus A350. The planet's lifeforms are sometimes said to form a "biosphere". On 14 December 2005, Qantas announced an order for 115 Boeing 787-8 and 787-9 aircraft (45 firm orders, 20 options and 50 purchase rights).

Earth is the only place in the universe where life is absolutely known to exist, and some scientists believe that biospheres might be rare. In 2005, the first visit of an Airbus A380 to Australia coincided with Qantas's 85th birthday. Maritime claims: see United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Qantas is responsible for some of the most successful marketing campaigns in Australian history, with many advertising campaigns featuring renditions by children's choirs of Peter Allen's "I Still Call Australia Home," set to footage of breathtaking scenery. Coastline: 356,000 km. Commentators believe the sale, and resultant greater Australian ownership, will free up hurdles for Qantas to expand into Asia. Land boundaries: the land boundaries in the world total 251,480 km (not counting shared boundaries twice). By law, Qantas must be at least 51% Australian-owned, and the British Airways holding had brought foreign ownership to the maximum permissible level.

Area:. British Airways' original 25% share had been diluted to 18.5% by the issue of more shares. Continents, Oceans. In September 2004, British Airways disposed of its share in Qantas, expected to amount to A$1.1bn. Biggest geographic subdivision. In 1993, British Airways bought a 25 % share in Qantas for A$665m. Time Zones, Coordinates. In 2003, Qantas attempted and failed to obtain regulatory approval to purchase a larger (but still minority) stake in Air New Zealand.

Map references:. It now wholy owns and operates JetConnect which operates NZ domestic services under the Qantas brand. Earth also has at least one co-orbital asteroid, 3753 Cruithne. Qantas has attempted to expand into the New Zealand domestic air travel market, first with a shareholding in Air New Zealand and then by a franchise takeover of Ansett New Zealand. This hypothesis explains (among other things) the Moon's relative lack of iron and volatile elements, and the fact that its composition is nearly identical to that of the Earth's crust. Qantas is already the second-largest airline operating out of Singapore Changi Airport, while Singapore Airlines is the second-largest operator of international flights into and out of Australia. The most widely accepted theory of the Moon's origin, the giant impact theory, states that it was formed from the collision of a Mars-size protoplanet with the early Earth. On 13 December 2004, the first flight of Jetstar Asia Airways took off from its Singapore hub to Hong Kong, marking Qantas' entry into the Asian cut-price market, and its intentions in battling key competitor Singapore Airlines on its home ground.

This allows total eclipses and annular eclipses to occur on Earth. Prior to Jetstar, Qantas had also developed a full-service all economy international carrier focussed on the holiday and leisure market, which has taken on the formerly used Australian Airlines name. The Moon is just far enough away to have, when seen from Earth, very nearly the same apparent angular size as the Sun (the Sun is 400 times larger, but the Moon is 400 times closer). Qantas hopes that this move will "crowd out" the cut-price segment of the market, allowing Qantas to remain the superdominant player in the Australian domestic aviation market and one of the few profitable full-service airlines in the world. This remains a controversial subject, however, and further studies of Mars—which shares Earth's rotation period and axial tilt, but not its large moon or liquid core—may provide additional insight. The introduction of Virgin Blue, a cut-price competitor, has eaten into this market share somewhat, and Qantas has responded by creating a new cut-price subsidiary airline Jetstar. Planetary scientists who have studied the effect claim that this might kill all large animal and higher plant life. After September 2001 and the collapse of Ansett Airlines, Qantas held a near-monopoly on the Australian domestic air travel market.

One pole would be pointed directly toward the Sun during summer and directly away during winter. Over the years, several domestic Australian airlines have gone out of business amid complaints of anti-competitive pricing by Qantas and exorbitant prices on new non-competed routes. If Earth's axis of rotation were to approach the plane of the ecliptic, extremely severe weather could result, as this would make seasonal differences extreme. Qantas has a reputation for being an aggressive competitor in the Australian aviation market. Some theorists believe that, without this stabilization against the torques applied by the Sun and planets to the Earth's equatorial bulge, the rotational axis might be chaotically unstable, as it appears to be with Mars. It also flies many international routes to and from Australia. Paleontological evidence and computer simulations show that Earth's axial tilt is stabilised by tidal interactions with the Moon. Since the merger with Australian Airlines in 1993, Qantas has flown an extensive schedule between all Australian capital cities, as well as many regional cities and towns.

The Moon may dramatically affect the development of life by taming the weather. The airline ceased operations in 1996. As the Moon orbits Earth, different parts of its face are illuminated by the Sun, leading to the lunar phases: The dark part of the face is separated from the light part by the solar terminator. Several Boeing 747SP and 767 aircraft were transferred from Qantas service. As a result, it always presents the same face to the planet. In 1990, Qantas established Australia Asia Airlines to operate services to Taiwan. The same effect on the Moon has led to its tidal locking: Its rotation period is the same as the time it takes to orbit the Earth. Qantas was privatised in 1995 by Prime Minister Keating's labor government.

The gravitational attraction between the Earth and Moon cause the tides on Earth. Many of these routes were dropped in the 1970s following the airline slump after wide-body aircraft were introduced. The natural satellites orbiting other planets are called "moons", after Earth's Moon. By the 1960s, Qantas was operating round-the-world services from Australia to London via Asia and the Middle East and via the USA and Mexico. With the exception of Pluto's Charon, it is the largest moon in the Solar system relative to the size of its planet. The network was expanded across the Pacific in 1954 when Qantas took over the operations of British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines (BCPA). The Moon, sometimes called 'Luna', is a relatively large terrestrial planet-like satellite, whose diameter is about one-quarter of the Earth's. In 1948, the airline took delivery of Lockheed L.049 Constellations.

. Immediately after World War II, Qantas began operating Avro Lancastrian aircraft between Sydney and London in cooperation with British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC). The Earth is sometimes referred to as the Third Planet from the Sun because, of the nine planets of our solar system, Earth is the third closest planet to the sun. Subsequent conservative governments maintained this arrangement. For other eras, see precession and Milankovitch cycles. In 1967, the name was changed to Qantas Airways Limited. In modern times, Earth's perihelion is always about January 3, and aphelion is about July 4 (near the winter and summer solstices, which are on about December 21 and June 21, respectively). It remained an unlisted public company with the government holding 100 % of the shares.

Also, the rotational velocity varies, a phenomenon known as length of day variation. After World War II, QEA Limited was in dire financial straits and was taken over by the Australian labor government led by Prime Minister Ben Chifley. The polar motion is quasi-periodic, containing an annual component and a component with a 14-month period called the Chandler wobble. The flights operated in complete radio silence and took more than twenty-four hours. In a reference frame attached to the solid body of the Earth, its rotation is also slightly irregular due to polar motion. QEA operated a non-stop flying boat service between Perth, Western Australia and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in 1943-44. These motions are caused by the differential attraction of Sun and Moon on the Earth's equatorial bulge, due to its oblateness. Most of the QEA fleet was taken over by the Australian government for war service between 1939 and 1945, and most of these aircraft were lost in action.

In an inertial reference frame, the Earth's axis undergoes a slow precessional motion with a period of some 25,800 years, as well as a nutation with a main period of 18.6 years. The Sydney to Southampton service took nine days, with passengers staying in hotels overnight. The Hill sphere (sphere of influence) of the Earth is about 1.5 Gm (930 thousand miles) in radius, within which one natural satellite (the Moon) comfortably orbits. In 1938, this operation was replaced by a flying boat service using Shorts S.23 Empire Flying Boats. The orbital and axial planes are not precisely aligned: Earth's axis is tilted some 23.5 degrees against the Earth-Sun plane (which causes the seasons); and the Earth-Moon plane is tilted about 5 degrees against the Earth-Sun plane (otherwise there would be an eclipse every month). Imperial Airways operated the rest of the service through to London. Viewed from Earth's north pole, the motion of Earth, its moon and their axial rotations are all counterclockwise. Qantas Empire Airways commenced services between Brisbane and Singapore using deHavilland DH-86 Commonwealth Airliners.

When combined with the Earth-Moon system's common revolution around the Sun, the period of the synodic month, from new moon to new moon, is 29.53 days. Each partner held 49 %, with two per cent in the hands of an independent arbitrator. Earth has one natural satellite, the Moon, which revolves with the Earth around a common barycenter, from fixed star to fixed star, every 27.32 days. In 1934, QANTAS Limited and Britain's Imperial Airways (the forerunner of British Airways) formed a new company, Qantas Empire Airways Limited. The orbital speed of the Earth averages about 30 km/s (108,000 km/h), which is enough to cover one Earth diameter (~12,700 km) in 7 minutes, and one distance to the Moon (384,000 km) in 4 hours. It operated air mail services subsidized by the Australian government, linking railheads in western Queensland. From Earth, this gives an apparent movement of the Sun with respect to the stars at a rate of about 1 °/day, i.e., a Sun or Moon diameter every 12 hours, eastward. Qantas was founded in Queensland on 16 November 1920 as Queensland and Northern Territorial Aerial Services Limited.

Earth orbits the Sun every 365.2564 mean solar days (1 sidereal year). . From Earth the main apparent motion of celestial bodies in the sky (except meteors which are within the atmosphere and low-orbiting satellites) is the movement to the west at a rate of 15 °/h = 15'/min, i.e., a Sun or Moon diameter every two minutes. Qantas was formerly an acronym for the "Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services." The company is traded on the Australian Stock Exchange as "QAN.". It takes the Earth 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.091 seconds (1 sidereal day) to rotate around the axis connecting the north pole and the south pole. Qantas is the third oldest airline in the world after KLM, the national airline of the Netherlands, and Avianca from Colombia.
. "Qantas" (IATA: QF, ICAO: QFA, and Callsign: Qantas) is the name and callsign of the oldest and largest airline of Australia.

The geologic component layers of the Earth are located at the following depths below surface:. He is also qualified for flying the Boeing 747-400 as a First Officer - he commenced and completed his training with Qantas.
. Actor John Travolta personally owns and flies an ex-Qantas Boeing 707 painted in the Qantas livery of the 1960's.
. Its first international destination was to Singapore.
. British Airways used these designs on their tailfins as part of their 1997 "ethnic art" relaunch.

The biosphere is a tiny layer in this composition and is usually not considered part of the physical layers of the Earth. All three carry striking, colourful liveries, designed by Australian Aborigines. Its components are the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the crust, the mantle, and its core. Qantas has three planes painted in Australian Aboriginal art liveries: Wunala Dreaming (Boeing 747-438ER VH-OEJ), Nalanji Dreaming (Boeing 747-338 VH-EBU) and Yananyi Dreaming (Boeing 737-838 VH-VXB). The Earth consists of several atmospheric, hydrologic, and mainly geologic layers. In 1979 Qantas was the only airline in the world to operate a fleet consisting entirely of Boeing 747's. . Qantas Boeing 707s were nicknamed V jets from the latin vannus meaning fan.

Although a link to such Indo-European languages has not been proved, several Semitic languages have similar-sounding words for Earth: aard in Arabic, irtsitu in Akkadian, araa in Aramaic, erets in Phoenician (which appears in the Mesha Stele), and ארץ (arets, or erets when followed by a noun modifier) in Hebrew. The first Qantas Boeing 707 was delivered to the airline in Seattle on 26 June 1959. tierra in Spanish). In 1928 a chartered Qantas aircraft conducted the inaugural flight of the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, departing from Cloncurry. Taking into account metathesis, we can find cognates of the word Earth in the Latin terra and in the modern Romance languages (i.e. In the 1920s Qantas built a number of aircraft (De Havilland DH50s and a single DH9) under licence in its Longreach hangar. It is derived from Old English eorðe. Cruising speed was 105 kilometres per hour (65 mph), carrying 1 pilot and 2 passengers.

The root also has cognates in extinct languages such as ertha in Old Saxon and ert (meaning 'ground') in Middle Irish. The first aircraft owned by Qantas was Avro 504K G-AUBG, purchased for £1425. Examples in modern tongues include aarde in Dutch, Erde in German and arde in Arabic. 2006/7 (Airbus A380) - First A380 will be named Nancy Bird Walton, remainder as yet are un-named however will be themed on Australian Aviation Pioneers. The English word Earth has cognates in many modern as well as defunct - including ancient - languages. 2002 - Re-establishment of naming practice of fleet after Towns & Cities of Australia, celebrating Qantas' coverage of Australia. Besides words derived from Terra, such as terrestrial, terms that refer to the Earth include tellur- (telluric, tellurion, from the goddess Terra's alternate name, Tellūs) and geo- (geography, geocentric, geothermal; from the Greek goddess Gaia). 1980s - Wildlife (Bellbird, Lorikeet and Kestrel).

Its astronomical symbol consists of a circled cross, representing a meridian and the equator; a variant puts the cross atop the circle (Unicode: ⊕ or ♁). 1980s - Inspirational Names (Daring, Integrity, Resolute). Earth is sometimes known as Terra in some languages, after the Roman goddess Terra.  ???? (Flying Boats) - Capella, Carpentaria, Challenger, Champion, Calypso and Camilla. Scientific evidence indicates that the planet formed around 4.57 billion (4.57×10⁹) years ago, and shortly thereafter (4.533 billion years ago) acquired its single natural satellite, the Moon. 1929 (DH61 Aircraft) - Grecian Theme (Apollo, Diana, Hermes and Athena). It is the largest of the solar system's terrestrial planets, and the only planetary body that modern science confirms as harboring life. 34 Dash 8 (further 7 on order).

Earth is the third planet from the Sun. 5 BAe 146. Other: 30% (1993 est.). 5 Boeing 717-200 (further 4 on order). Urban areas: 1.5%. 35 Boeing 787s (on order). Forests and woodland: 32%. 24 Boeing 767-300ER (comprising 17 Boeing 767-338ER and 7 Boeing 767-336ER).

Permanent pastures: 26%. 30 Boeing 747-400 (comprising 21 Boeing 747-438, 6 Boeing 747-438ER, 2 Boeing 747-4H6 and 1 Boeing 747-48E). Permanent crops: 1%. 6 Boeing 747-338. Arable land: 10%. 29 Boeing 737-838 (further 4 on order). The land-based ecosystem depends upon topsoil and fresh water, and the oceanic ecosystem depends upon dissolved nutrients washed down from the land. 20 Boeing 737-400 (comprising 19 Boeing 737-476 and 1 Boeing 737-4L7).

Earth's biosphere produces many useful biological products, including (but far from limited to) food, wood, pharmaceuticals, oxygen, and the recycling of many organic wastes. 10 Airbus A330-303. These ore bodies form concentrated sources for many metals and other useful elements. 4 Airbus A330-201. Mineral ore bodies have been formed in Earth's crust by the action of erosion and plate tectonics. These deposits are used by humans both for energy production and as feedstock for chemical production.

Earth's crust contains large deposits of fossil fuels: (coal, petroleum, natural gas, methane clathrate). Highest point: Mount Everest 8,844 m (2005 est.). Lowest point overall: Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean −10,924 m [1]. Lowest point on land: Dead Sea −417 m.

42 nations and other areas are completely landlocked (see list of landlocked countries). Note: boundary situations with neighboring states prevent many countries from extending their fishing or economic zones to a full 200 nautical miles (370.4 km). Territorial sea: 12 nautical miles (22.2 km) claimed by most, but can vary. Exclusive economic zone: 200 nautical miles (370.4 km) claimed by most, but can vary.

Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nautical miles (370.4 km) claimed by most, but can vary. Continental shelf: 200 m depth claimed by most or to depth of exploitation; others claim 200 nautical miles (370.4 km) or to the edge of the continental margin. Contiguous zone: 24 nautical miles (44.4 km) claimed by most, but can vary. Note: 70.8 % of the world's surface is covered by water, 29.2 % is exposed land.

Water: 361.132 million km². land: 148.94 million km². Total: 510.073 million km². 5100 to 6378 km - Inner Core.

2890 to 5100 km - Outer Core. 100 to 700 km - Asthenosphere. 35 to 2890 km - Mantle