Dolphin

Individual species may employ a number of methods of hunting:. This was shown in October of that year and is called Renault Identité. There are no known reports of cannibalism amongst dolphins. In 2004, French typeface designer Jean-François Porchez was commissioned to design a replacement. The larger species, especially the orca, are capable of eating marine mammals, even large whales. This type family is said to have been designed not for prestige reasons, but mainly to save costs at a time where the use of typefaces was more costly than it is now. Usually, the prey is swallowed whole. Both the Renault logo and its documentation (technical as well as commercial) had used a specially designed typeface called Renault, developed by British firm Wolff Olins.

Some dolphins may take crustaceans. Renault has regularly topped the French car sales charts, fighting off fierce competition from Citroën and Peugeot. The dentition is adapted to the animals they hunt: Species with long beaks and many teeth forage on fish, whereas short beaks and lesser tooth count are linked to catching squid. The Renault 12 (1970), Renault 5 (1972), Renault 20 (1976), Renault 25 (1985) and Renault Laguna (2002) have all achieved runners-up in spot in the competition. Dolphins are predators, chasing their prey at high speed. Renault cars have performed well in the European Car of the Year awards: the Renault 16 (1966), Renault 9 (1982), Renault Clio (1991), Renault Mégane Scénic (1997), Renault Mégane (2003) and Renault Clio III (2006) have all won the award. Since dolphins spend most of their time below the surface in the wild, just tasting the water could act as a sense of smell. Conversly if the team is unsuccessful in future it can be expected that Ghosn will withdraw resources from the sport.

However, they seem to lack a well-developed sense of smell, but they most likely can taste and do show preferences for certain kinds of fish. In short he will continue Renault's investment in F1 as long as the team is successful and can use the resulting publicity for wider commercial gain. The dolphin's sense of touch is also well-developed. However at the 2005 French Grand Prix Ghosn set out his policy regarding the company's involvement in motorsport:. Hearing is also used for echolocation which seems to be an ability all dolphins have. Questions have been raised regarding Renault's commitment to its Formula One team, particularly with the appointment of Carlos Ghosn as CEO. Though they have a small ear opening on each side of their head it is believed hearing underwater is also if not exclusively done with the lower jaw which conducts the vibrations to the middle ear via a fat filled cavity in the lower jaw bone. 2004 saw the Renault team finish a close third in the Constructors' Championsip and in 2005 the team won both Constructors' and Drivers' titles (with Fernando Alonso).

Most dolphins have acute eyesight both in and out of the water and their sense of hearing is far above our own. Renault also took over the Benetton F1 team in 2001, and quickly became very competitive, Fernando Alonso winning Renault's first race in its second incarnation at the 2003 Hungarian Grand Prix. Compare also: whale behavior. However, the team were to win their first race on home soil in Dijon a mere two years later and by the early eighties, every front-running Formula One team used turbochargers. She most likely died of self induced asphyxiation in the presence of her trainer Richard O'Barry.[1]. Initially, Renault's entry into Formula One in 1977 was ridiculed when the team's first design included such curiosities as a turbocharger. Probably one of the best known cases of dolphin suicide is that of a dolphin named Cathy, one of the bottlenose dolphins that performed in the television series Flipper. In the late seventies and early eighties, Renault began to involve itself more heavily in motorsport, setting up a dedicated motorsport division called Renault Sport, and winning the Le Mans 24 Hours (once again in collaboration with Alpine) while achieving success in both rallying (with the Renault 5 Turbo) and Formula One.

They either do so by repeatedly slamming their head against the pool walls or other solid objects or simply by not coming up for air anymore. Motorsport has long been recognised as an effective marketing tool for automobile manufacturers. In captivity, many dolphins seem to have committed suicide. See List of Renault vehicles. The technology to use sponges as mouth protection is not genetically inherited but a taught cultural behaviour. Current members of the board of directors of Renault are: Yves Audvard, Michel Barbier, Alain Champigneux, François de Combret, Charles de Croisset, Carlos Ghosn, Jean-Louis Girdolle, Itaru Koeda, Marc Ladreit de Lacharrière, Dominique de La Garanderie, Bernard Larraouturou, Henri Martre, Jean-Claude Paye, François Pinault, Franck Riboud, Louis Schweitzer, Georges Stcherbatcheff, and Robert Studer. Other than with primate simians, the knowledge to use a tool is mostly handed over only from mothers to daughters. Renault, together with associated brands Dacia and Renault Samsung, aims to sell 4 million vehicles worldwide in 2010.

The animals break off sponges and put them onto their mouths thus protecting the delicate body part during their hunt for fish on the seabed. Renault retained its position as the leading brand in Europe with 1.8 million passenger cars and light commercial vehicles sold and market share of 10.8%. In May 2005, researchers in Australia discovered a cultural aspect of dolphin behaviour: Some dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) teach their offspring to use a tool. The Group (Renault, Dacia, Renault Samsung Motors) posted a 4.2% increase in worldwide sales to a record 2,489,401 vehicles, representing a global market share of 4.1%. Such military dolphins, however, drew scrutiny during the Vietnam War when rumors circulated that dolphins were being trained to kill Vietnamese Skin Divers. For 2004 Renault reported a 43% rise in net income to €3.5 billion and 5.9% operating margin, of which Nissan contributed €1,767 million. The military has employed dolphins for various purposes from finding mines to rescuing lost or trapped persons. The most popular French car in Britain is currently the Renault Clio, which has been a strong seller throughout Europe since its launch 14 years ago.

Dolphin/Human interaction is also employed in a curative sense at places where dolphins work with autistic or otherwise disabled children. In 2004, Renault was the fifth most popular car maker in Britain behind the Ford Motor Company, Vauxhall Motors, Peugeot and Volkswagen. Dolphins trained to perform in front of an audience have become a favorite attraction in dolphinaria, for example SeaWorld. Renault also owns Samsung Motors (Renault Samsung Motors) and Dacia, as well as retaining a minority stake (20%) in Volvo Trucks. Because of their high capacity for learning, dolphins have been employed by humans for any number of purposes. Nissan in turn took a 15 per cent stake in Renault in 2002. This leads to them staying with injured or ill fellows for support. Renault has a stake of 44.4 per cent in Japanese automaker Nissan together with which they form the Renault-Nissan Alliance.

However, the animals can establish strong bonds between each other. In 2005, Carlos Ghosn (also CEO of Nissan) has become Renault's CEO, Louis Schweitzer staying Chairman. Membership in schools is not rigid; interchange is common. Louis Schweitzer has been the Chairman of Renault since 1992 and CEO from 1992 to 2005. They also use ultrasonic sounds for echolocation. The government of France owns 15.7 per cent of the company. The individuals communicate using a variety of clicks, whistles and other vocalizations. The Laguna was the first car to achieve a 5 star rating and in 2004 the Modus was the first small car to achieve this rating.

In places with a high abundance of food, schools can join temporarily, forming an aggregation called a superpod; such groupings may exceed 1000 dolphins. As well as its distinctive styling, Renault was to become known for its car safety - it is currently the car manufacturer with the largest number of models achieving the maximum 5 star rating in EuroNCAP crash tests. Dolphins are social animals, living in pods (also called "schools") of up to a dozen animals. The Avantime, a bizarre coupe/minivan hybrid, sold very poorly and was quickly discontinued while the luxury Vel Satis model did not sell as well as hoped. There are many stories of dolphins protecting shipwrecked sailors against sharks by swimming circles around the swimmers. Less successful were the company's more upmarket models. In return, in some cultures like in Ancient Greece they were treated with welcome; a ship spotting dolphins riding in their wake was considered a good omen for a smooth voyage. The second generation of the Laguna and Mégane featured ambitious, angular designs which turned out to be highly successful.

They are also famous for their willingness to occasionally approach humans and playfully interact with them in the water. In the twenty-first century, Renault was to foster a reputation for distinctive, outlandish design. Frequently dolphins will accompany boats, riding the bow waves. This new freedom allowed the company to venture once again into Eastern Europe and South America, including a new factory in Brazil and upgrades for the infrastructure in Argentina and Turkey. They have even been seen harassing other creatures, like seabirds and turtles. It was eventually decided that the company's state-owned status was detrimental to its growth, and it was privatized in 1996. Play is a very important part of dolphins' lives and they can often be observed playing with seaweed or playfighting with other dolphins. The return to success on the road was matched by a return to success on the racetrack - Renault-powered cars won the Formula One World Championship in 1992, 1993, 1996 and 1997 with Williams and in 1995 with Benetton.

Perhaps they just do it for fun. A revitalized Renault launched several successful new cars in the early 1990s, including the phenonemonally successful 5 replacement the Clio, the second generation Espace, the Twingo, the Laguna, and the 19. They could also be communicating to other dolphins to join a hunt, or attempting to dislodge parasites. He was replaced by Raymond Lévy, who continued along the same lines as Besse, slimming down the company considerably with the result that by the end of 1987 the company was more or less financially stable. Scientists aren't quite certain about the purpose of this behavior, but it may be to locate schools of fish by looking at above water signs, like feeding birds. Although this succeeded in halving the deficit by 1986, Besse's treatment of the workforce resulted in him being assassinated by the left wing terrorist group Action Directe in 1986. the spinner dolphin). The government intervened and Georges Besse was installed as chairman; he set about cutting costs dramatically, selling off many of Renault's non-core assets, withdrawing almost entirely from motorsports, and laying off many employees.

Dolphins often leap above the water surface, sometimes performing acrobatic figures (e.g. Although its cars were successful both on the road and on the track Renault was losing a billion francs a month and reported a deficit of 12.5 billion in 1984. See the Dolphin intelligence article for more details. The second-generation Renault 5, the European Car Of The Year-winning Renault 9, and the most luxurious Renault yet, the 25 were all released in the early 1980s, building Renault's reputation. Straightforward comparisons of species' relative intelligence are complicated by differences in sensory apparatus, response modes, and nature of cognition; furthermore, the difficulty and expense of doing experimental work with a large marine animal mean that even such tests as can meaningfully be done have still not been done, or have been carried out with inadequate sample size and methodology. The company's road car designs were revolutionary also - the Renault Espace was one of the first minivans and was to remain the most well-known minivan in Europe for at least the next two decades. However, experts in comparative psychology or animal cognition would be reluctant to make any such estimate, as quantitative comparisons of intelligence between species are notoriously difficult to make in principle. In the late seventies and early eighties Renault increased its involvement in motorsport, with novel inventions such as turbochargers in their Formula One cars.

A typical statement would be that dolphins are roughly as intelligent as a two-year-old human. Renault sold AMC to Chrysler in 1987 and the brand and its cars subsequently disappeared (though the subsidiary Jeep brand remained). Dolphins are widely believed to be amongst the most intelligent of all animals. Renault sold some interesting models in the USA in the 1980's, especially the simple looking but fun Renault Alliance GTA convertible - a real automatic-top convertible with a simple but clean euro-style design with a gently sloping hood, as well as a 2.0 liter engine - big for a car of its class; and the ahead-of-its-time Renault Fuego coupe; Renault sold other models here in the 80's. See individual species articles for details. Unfortunately the American Renault-AMC partnership was not successful - the cars had so-so reliability and by the time the Renault range was ready to become established in the American market, the energy crisis was over, taking with it much of the trend for economical, compact cars. It is often combined with lines and patches of different hue and contrast. Some consider the Jeep XJ Cherokee as a joint AMC/Renault project since some early sketches of the XJ series was done as a collaboration of both Renault and AMC engineers (AMC insisted that the XJ Cherokee was designed by AMC personnel; however, a former Renault engineer designed the Quadra-Link front suspension for the XJ series).

The basic coloration patterns are shades of gray with a light underside and a distinct dark cape on the back. Renault continued to increase its control over AMC, eventually owning 55% of the company by 1980; the Renault-AMC partnership also resulted in the marketing of Jeep vehicles in Europe. The dolphin brain is large and has a highly structured cortex, which often is referred to in discussions about their high intelligence. This was one of a series of collaborative ventures undertaken by Renault in the late 1960s and 1970s, as the company established subsidiaries in Eastern Europe and South America (many of which remain active to the present day) and forged technological cooperation agreements with Volvo and Peugeot (for instance, for the development of the PRV V6 engine). Teeth can be very numerous (up to 250) in several species. Previously, an AMC Rambler American was badged as a Renault Torino in Argentina (sold through IKA-Renault). In many species, the jaws are elongated, forming a distinct beak; for some species like the Bottlenose, there is a curved mouth that looks like a fixed smile. However, in the early part of the decade, when the energy crisis-hit continent required small, economical cars, Renault began to make plans to return through a collaborative partnership with the American manufacturer AMC.

The head contains the melon, a round organ used for echolocation. The energy crisis also provoked Renault's attempt to reconquer the North American market; despite the Dauphine's success in the United States in the late 1950s, Renault had virtually disappeared from North America by the 1970s. Dolphins have a fusiform body, adapted for fast swimming. Endangered like all of the motor industry by the energy crisis, during the mid seventies the already expansive company diversified further into other industries and continued to expand globally, including into South East Asia. See evolution of cetaceans for the details. The formula was much the same however, and the Super5 inherited its styling lines from its father. They entered the water roughly 50 million years ago. The 5 remained in production until 1984 when it was replaced by the Super5.

Modern dolphin skeletons have two small rod shaped pelvic bones thought to be left-over hind legs. The company's compact and economical Renault 5 model, launched in 1972, was another success, particularly in the wake of the 1973 energy crisis. Dolphins, along with whales and porpoises, are descendants of land-living mammals, most likely of the Artiodactyl order. As well as the 4 and 8, the company achieved success with the more upmarket Renault 16 launched in 1966, which continued Renault's reputation for innovation by being the world's first hatchback larger than subcompact size as well as the first hatchback with folding rear seats, which became and remains the universal standard hatchback design. See also wolphin. Both cars continued Renault's motor racing traditions with great success in rallying, a tradition which was further upheld by collaborations with the Alpine company (which most famously produced the Renault-powered Alpine A110). There has also been a reported hybrid between a beluga and a narwhal. The 4 in particular was to continue in production until 1992.

Dall's Porpoises and Harbour Porpoises have hybridized in the wild. In an attempt to revive its flagging fortunes, Renault launched two cars which were to become phenonemonally successful - the Renault 4 and Renault 8 in 1961 and 1962 respectively. Blue Whales, Fin Whales and Humpback Whales all hybridize in the wild. The car did not sell well in North America and it was outdated by the start of the 1960s. In the wild, bands of males of one dolphin species have been observed to mate with lone female Spinners. The 4CV's replacement, the Dauphine, sold extremely well as the company expanded production and sales further abroad, including Africa and North America. In the wild, Spinner Dolphins have sometimes hybridised with Spotted Dolphins and Bottlenose Dolphins. However, despite the success of its flagship model, the company continued to be blighted by labor unrest, and indeed continued to be well into the 1980s.

In captivity, a Bottlenose Dolphin and a Rough-Toothed Dolphin produced hybrid offspring. As with earlier Renault models, the company made extensive use of motor racing to promote the 4CV, the car winning both the Le Mans 24 Hours and Mille Miglia races as well as the Monte Carlo rally. This mating has since been repeated in captivity and a hybrid calf was born. In the years immediately following its nationalization Renault experienced something of a resurgence, led by the rear engine 4CV model, which was launched in 1946 and proved itself a capable rival for cars such as the Morris Minor and Volkswagen Beetle, its success (more than half a million sold) making sure it remained in production until 1961. In 1933, three strange dolphins were beached off the Irish coast; these appeared to be hybrids between Risso's Dolphin and the Bottlenose Dolphin. The Renault factories became a public industry (known as Régie Nationale des Usines Renault) under the leadership of Pierre Lefaucheux. They are sometimes called "blackfish":. His industrial assets were seized by the socialist provisional government of France.

Six animals in the family Delphinidae are commonly called "whales" but are strictly speaking dolphins. An autopsy later proved that his neck had been broken, suggesting that he was murdered. . He was, for this reason, arrested during the liberation of France in 1944 and died in prison before having prepared his defense. The family Delphinidae is the largest in the Cetacea, and relatively recent: dolphins evolved about 10 million years ago, during the Miocene. During World War II, Louis Renault's factories worked for Nazi Germany producing trucks with work on cars officially forbidden. They are found worldwide, mostly in the shallower seas of the continental shelves, and all are carnivores, mostly eating fish and squid. This continued through the 1920s and it was not until 1930 that all models had the radiator at the front.

Most species weigh about 50 to 200 kg (110 to 440 lb). The pre First World War cars had a distinctive front shape caused by positioning the radiator behind the engine to give a so called "coalscuttle" bonnet. They vary in size from 1.2 m (4 ft) and 40 kg (88 lb) (Maui's Dolphin), up to 9.5 m (30 ft) and 10 tonnes (the Orca). However, Renault struggled to compete with the increasingly popular small, affordable "people's cars" from Volkswagen and Fiat, while problems with the stock market and the workforce also adversely affected the company's growth. There are almost 40 species of dolphin in 17 genera. Between the two world wars, Louis Renault enlarged the scope of his company, producing agricultural and industrial machinery. Orcas and some related species belong to the Delphinidae family and therefore qualify as dolphins, even though they are called whales in common language. By the end of the war, Renault was the number one private manufacturer in France.

Porpoises (suborder Odontoceti, family Phocoenidae) are thus not dolphins in our sense. Renault became the world's leading manufacturer of airplane engines, and the success of the company's military designs were such that Renault himself was honored by the Allies for his company's contributions to their victory. In this article, the second definition is used. As well as cars, Renault manufactured taxis, buses and commercial cargo vehicles in the pre-war years, and during World War I (1914 - 1918) branched out into ammunition, military airplanes and vehicles such as the revolutionary Renault FT-17 tank. It can mean:. At the time, cars were very much luxury items, and the price of the smallest Renaults available being 3000 francs reflected this; an amount it would take ten years for the average worker at the time to earn. The word is used in a few different ways. The Renault reputation for innovation was fostered from very early on - in 1899 Renault launched the first production sedan car as well as patenting the first turbocharger.

"a 'fish' with a womb". Louis was to take full control of the company as the only remaining brother in 1906 when Fernand retired for health reasons. The name is from Ancient Greek δελφίς delphis meaning "with a womb", viz. Although Louis Renault never raced again, his company remained very involved, including their Renault AK 90CV winning the first ever Grand Prix motor racing event in 1906. Dolphins are aquatic mammals related to whales and porpoises. Both Louis and Marcel Renault raced company vehicles, but Marcel was killed in an accident during the 1903 Paris-Madrid race. In the William Gibson short story Johnny Mnemonic and the film by the same name (starring Keanu Reeves), cyborg dolphins were used in war-time by the military to find submarines and, after the war, by a group of revolutionaries to decode encrypted information. The brothers immediately recognized the publicity that could be gotten for their vehicles by participation in motor racing and Renault made itself known through achieving instant success in the first city-to-city races held in France, resulting in rapid expansion for the company.

One of the mates of the ship is named Akeakamai, in honor of the real-life dolphin from Louis Herman's animal language research. Louis was a bright, aspiring young engineer who had already designed and built several models before teaming up with his brothers, who had honed their business skills working for their father's textiles firm; Louis handled design and production, Marcel & Fernand handled company management. In the book Startide Rising by author David Brin, the spaceship Streaker is manned by neo-dolphins (dolphins genetically engineered to match human intelligence). The Renault corporation was founded in 1898 as Société Renault Frères by Louis Renault and his brothers Marcel and Fernand. In one scene, the dolphins' misbehavior elicits the following quote from Zissou: "Son of a bitch, I'm sick of these dolphins.". . In The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou, marine researcher Zissou (played by Bill Murray) has trained reconaissance dolphins which apparently are temperamental and rarely follow their instructions. However, Renault is correctly pronounced "Rhen-oh" (as it is commonly in the UK).

In seaQuest DSV and seaQuest 2032, Darwin the dolphin could communicate with English speakers using a vocoder, an invention that translated the clicks and whistles to English and back. When its cars were imported to and sold in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s, it was decided to pronounce the name as "Ren-ALT" in marketing to the American public, and the Anglicized pronunciation continues in common usage. Mike and the 'Bots then quickly apoligize. Renault S.A. is a French vehicle manufacturer producing small to upper-midsize cars, vans, buses, tractors and trucks. While doing so, the SOL gets blasted by a ship that turns out to be piloted by dolphins. 2005 - Carlos Ghosn becomes president. In the Mystery Science Theater 3000 episode "Devil Fish," Mike and the 'Bots mock dolphins. 2002 - Benetton Formula One team formally becomes Renault F1.

Their logo depicts an aqua-colored bottlenose dolphin wearing an American football helmet and jumping in front of a coral-colored sunburst. 2001 - Renault sold its industrial vehicle subdivision (Renault Véhicules Industriels) to Volvo, which renamed it Renault Trucks in 2002. An American National Football League (NFL) team is named the Miami Dolphins. Renault vice-president, Carlos Ghosn was parachuted in to turn round the ailing firm. A book called 'The Music of Dolphins' was written by Karen Hesse, about a girl who had lived with dolphins since the age of four. 1999 - Renault purchased a 35 percent equity stake in Nissan the troubled Japanese car maker, injecting $3.5 billion to obtain effective control of the company under Japanese law. Ecco the Dolphin stars in a series of games for the Sega Genesis/Mega Drive, Game Gear, Sega Dreamcast and PlayStation 2. 1996 - The company was privatized to create Renault S.A..

After study at the Dolphins Plus research center in Key Largo, Florida, fantasy author Ken Grimwood wrote dolphins into his 1995 novel Into the Deep, including entire chapters written from the viewpoint of his dolphin characters. 1992 - Louis Schweitzer becomes president of Renault group. Their story is told in So Long, and Thanks for All the Fish. 1986 - On April 9 the government of France ruled against the privatization of Renault. However, their behavior was misinterpreted as playful acrobatics. 1979 to 1987, Renault held majority ownership in the American Motors Corporation (AMC), which it sold to Chrysler Corporation in March 1987. In The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, dolphins are the most intelligent creatures on Earth and tried in vain to warn humans of the impending destruction of the planet. 1898 - Louis Renault founded Renault.

The television show was based on a 1963 film, and remade as a feature film in 1996 starring Elijah Wood and Paul Hogan (actor), as well as a television series running from 1995-2000 starring Jessica Alba. The popular television show Flipper, created by Ivan Tors, portrayed a dolphin in a friendly relationship with two boys, Sandy and Bud; a kind of sea going Lassie, Flipper understood English unusually well and was a marked hero: "Go tell Dad we're in trouble, Flipper! Hurry!" The show's theme song contains the lyric no one you see / is smarter than he. Foraging - A recent study reported that wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops) in Western Australia use sponges to forage in the sea bed for food.[2]. Stunning - using the echolocation melon, very loud clicks are directed at prey, stunning them.

Fish Wacking - where the dolphin uses its fluke to strike the fish, stunning it and sometimes sending it clear out of the water. Corralling - where fish are chased to shallow water where they are more easily captured. Herding - where a superpod will control a school of fish while individual members take turns plowing through the herd, feeding. Short-finned Pilot Whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus.

Long-finned Pilot Whale, Globicephala melas. False Killer Whale, Psudoorca crassidens. Pygmy Killer Whale, Feresa attenuata. Killer Whale, Orcinus orca.

Melon-headed Whale, Peponocephalia electra. La Plata Dolphin (Franciscana), Pontoporia blainvillei. Genus Pontoporia