Delphi

The communities include Chrysso which in ancient times was Crissa. For descriptions of the Earth in (science) fiction, see Earth in fiction. Delphi also has a school, a lyceum and a square (plateia). See Spaceship Earth and Gaia theory.. The two main streets are each one-way and narrow. Earth has also been described as a massive spaceship, with a life support system that requires maintenance, or as having a biosphere that forms one large organism. It is passed by a major highway linking Amfissa along with Itea and Arachova. A photo taken of Earth by Voyager 1 inspired Carl Sagan to describe the planet as a "Pale Blue Dot".

The modern Delphi or Delfi or Delfoi is situated west of the archaeological site. The technological developments of the latter half of the 20th century are widely considered to have altered the public's perception of the Earth. Three of the Doric colums have been restored, making it the most popular site at Delphi for tourists to take photographs. Surveying, the determination of locations and distances, and to a somewhat lesser extent navigation, the determination of position and direction, have developed alongside cartography and geography, providing and suitably quantifying the requisite information. The Tholos is located approximately a half-mile (800 m) from the main ruins at Delphi. Cartography, the study and practice of mapmaking, and vicariously geography, have historically been the disciplines devoted to depicting the Earth. It consisted of 20 Doric columns arranged with an exterior diamater of 14.76 meters, with 10 Corinthian columns in the interior. Prior to the introduction of space flight, this belief was countered with deductions based on observations of the secondary effects of the Earth's shape and parallels drawn with the shape of other planets.

The Tholos at the sanctuary of Athena Pronaia is a circular building that was constructed between 380 and 360 B.C. In the past there were varying levels of belief in a flat Earth because of this, but ancient Greek philosophers and, in the Middle Ages, thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas knew that the Earth was a sphere. Another impressive treasury that exists on the site was dedicated by the city of Siphnos, who had ammassed great wealth from their silver and gold mines and so they dedicated the Siphnian Treasury. Since Earth is rather large, it is not immediately obvious to the naked eye viewing from the surface that it is an oblate spheroid, bulging slightly at the equator and slightly flattened at the poles. The Athenians had previously been given the advice by the oracle to put their faith in their "wooden walls" – taking this advice to mean their navy, they won a famous battle at Salamis. In Norse mythology, the Earth goddess Jord was the mother of Thor and the daughter of Annar. The most impressive is the now-restored Treasury of Athens, built to commemorate the Athenians' victory at the Battle of Marathon. As the patroness of fertility, her element is Earth.

These were built by the various states – those overseas as well as those on the mainland – to commemorate victories and to thank the oracle for advice important to those victories. The Chinese Earth goddess Hu-Tu is similar to Gaia, the deification of the Earth. From the entrance of the site, continuing up the slope almost to the temple itself, is a large number of votive statues, and numerous treasuries. Earth has often been personified as a deity, in particular a goddess (see Gaia and Mother Earth). Other archaeologists believe that the oracle also inhaled fumes of burning bay leaves. The United Nations is primarily an international discussion forum with only limited ability to pass and enforce laws. here for a popular science coverage). There is a worldwide general international organization, the United Nations.

707; see e.g. Independent sovereign nations claim all of the land surface except for some segments of Antarctica. (de Boer et al., Geology 29 (2001) pp. Earth does not have a sovereign government with planet-wide authority. However, recent geological research indicates that the site of the oracle shows young geological faults, and it seems plausible that these emitted in ancient times light hydrocarbon gases, possibly ethylene, from bituminous limestone which do have an intoxicating effect. There are 267 administrative divisions, including nations, dependent areas, other, and miscellaneous entries. ¹ After investigating the site, archeologists were convinced that these vapours are only a myth, as no evidence for them could be found, and — so the then standard opinion in geology — gaseous emissions from rock only occur in conjunction with volcanic activity. The southernmost is the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, in Antarctica, almost exactly at the South Pole.

The temple to Apollo at Delphi was built by Trophonius and Agamedes. The northernmost settlement in the world is Alert, Ellesmere Island, Canada. In the 3rd century A.D., the oracle (perhaps bribed) declared that the god would no longer speak there. See also space colonization. Another famous motto of Delphi is Meden Agan (Μηδέν Άγαν): "nothing in excess". Out of those only twelve humans have ever walked on a world other than Earth: the men of Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17, who walked on the Moon between 1969 and 1972. This claim is related to one of the most famous mottos of Delphi, which Socrates said he learned there, Gnothi Seauton (Γνώθι Σεαυτόν): "know thyself". In total, about 400 people have been outside Earth (in space) as of 2004.

The oracle is also said to have proclaimed Socrates the wisest man in Greece, to which Socrates said that if so, this was because he alone was aware of his own ignorance. During the exchange there are more, and sometimes others are also traveling briefly above the atmosphere. Croesus of Lydia consulted Delphi before attacking Persia, and according to Herodotus received the answer "if you do, you will destroy a great empire." Croesus found the response favorable and attacked, and was utterly overthrown (resulting, of course, in the destruction of his own empire). The station crew is replaced with new personnel every six months. She also was respected by the semi-Hellenic countries around the Greek world, such as Lydia, Caria, and even Egypt. Two humans are presently in orbit around Earth on board the International Space Station. This oracle exerted considerable influence across the country, and was consulted before all major undertakings: wars, the founding of colonies, and so forth. Coastal areas constitute the highest density.

Still others claimed the Sibyl received her powers from Gaia originally, who passed the oracle to Themis, who passed it to Phoebe. It is estimated that only 1/8th of the surface of the Earth is suitable for humans to live on - 3/4 is covered by oceans, and half of the landmass is unsuitable, being desert, high mountain, etc. Others said she was sister or daughter to Apollo. Nearly all humans currently reside on Earth: 6,411,000,000 inhabitants (January 5, 2005 est.). Pausanias claimed that the Sibyl was "born between man and goddess, daughter of sea monsters and an immortal nymph". Most of the growth is expected to take place in developing nations. The Sibyl sat on the Sibylline Rock, breathing in vapors from the ground¹ and gaining her often puzzling predictions from that. On 25 February 2005 the United Nations Population Division issued revised estimates and projected that the world's population will reach 7 billion by 2013 and swell to 9.1 billion in 2050.

Later, "Sibyl" became a title given to whichever priestess manned the oracle at the time. Long-term climate alteration due to enhancement of the greenhouse effect by human industrial carbon dioxide emissions is an increasing concern, the focus of intense study and debate. She sang her predictions, which she received from Gaia. Large areas are subject to man-made pollution of the air and water, acid rain and toxic substances, loss of vegetation (overgrazing, deforestation, desertification), loss of wildlife, species extinction, soil degradation, soil depletion, erosion, and introduction of invasive species. The first oracle at Delphi was commonly known as Sibyl or Pythia, though her name was Herophile. Many places are subject to earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes, sinkholes, floods, droughts, and other calamities and disasters. The oracle at that time predicted the future based on the lapping water and leaves rustling in the trees. Large areas are subject to extreme weather such as (tropical cyclones), hurricanes, or typhoons that dominate life in those areas.

The shrine dedicated to Apollo was probably originally dedicated to Gaia and then Poseidon. Irrigated land: 2,481,250 km² (1993 est.). Apollo killed Python but had to be punished for it, since Python was a child of Gaia. The exploitation of non-renewable resources by human civilization has become a subject of significant controversy in modern environmentalism movements. This was the spring which emitted vapors that caused the Oracle at Delphi to give her prophesies. Some of these resources, such as mineral fuels, are difficult to replenish on a short time scale, called non-renewable resources. When young, Apollo killed the chthonic serpent Python, which lived beside the Castalian Spring, according to some because Python had attempted to rape Leto while she was pregnant with Apollo and Artemis. Elevation extremes: (measured relative to sea level).

Even in Roman times hundreds of votive statues remained, described by Pliny the Younger and seen by Pausanias. Ocean currents, particularly the spectacular thermohaline circulation which distributes heat energy from the equatorial oceans to the polar regions, are important determinators of climate. Delphi was the site of a major temple to Phoebus Apollo, as well as the Pythian Games and a famous oracle. Precipitation patterns vary widely, ranging from several metres of water per year to less than a millimetre. In commemoration of this legend, the winners at the Pythian Games received a laurel wreath picked in Tempe. Two large areas of polar climates separated by two rather narrow temperate zones from a wide equatorial band of tropical to subtropical climates. Another legend held that Apollo walked to Delphi from the north and stopped at Tempe, a city in Thessaly to pick laurel, a plant sacred to him. Terrestrial biomes lying within the Arctic and Antarctic Circles are relatively barren of plant and animal life, while most of the more populous biomes lie near the Equator.

The epithet is connected with dolphins (the "womb-fish") in the Homeric Hymn to Apollo Εις Απόλλωνα Πύθιον, 400), telling how Apollo first came to Delphi in the shape of a dolphin, carrying Cretan priests on his back. On land, biomes are separated primarily by latitude. either "the one of Delphi", or "the one of the womb". The biosphere is divided into a number of biomes, inhabited by broadly similar flora and fauna. Apollo is connected with the site by his epithet Δελφίνιος Delphinios, "the Delphinian", i.e. This biosphere is generally believed to have begun evolving about 3.5 billion (3.5×10⁹) years ago. The name Delphoi is connected with δελφός delphus "womb" and may indicate archaic veneration of an Earth Goddess at the site. The planet's lifeforms are sometimes said to form a "biosphere".

Southwest of Delphi, about 15 km away, is the harbor-city of Kirrha on the Corinthian Gulf. Earth is the only place in the universe where life is absolutely known to exist, and some scientists believe that biospheres might be rare. This semicircular spur is known as Phaedriades; it overlooks the Pleistos Valley. Maritime claims: see United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Parnassus. Coastline: 356,000 km. Delphi is located in a plateau on the side of Mt. Land boundaries: the land boundaries in the world total 251,480 km (not counting shared boundaries twice).

. Area:. 61, 84). Continents, Oceans. After the battle of Plataea, the Greek cities extinguished their fires and brought new fire from the hearth of Greece, at Delphi; in the foundation stories of several Greek colonies, the founding colonists were first dedicated at Delphi (Burkert, 1985, pp. Biggest geographic subdivision. In the inner εστία (hestia), or hearth, of the Temple of Delphic Apollo (Απόλλων Δελφίνιος - Apollon Delphinios), an άσβεστος φλόγα (eternal flame) burned. Time Zones, Coordinates.

Delphi was revered throughout the Greek world as the site of the ομφαλός (omphalos) stone, the centre of the universe. Map references:. In ancient times it was the site of the Delphic Sibyl, dedicated to the god Apollo. Earth also has at least one co-orbital asteroid, 3753 Cruithne. Delphi (Greek Δελφοί - Delphoi; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is an archaeological site and a modern town in Greece. This hypothesis explains (among other things) the Moon's relative lack of iron and volatile elements, and the fact that its composition is nearly identical to that of the Earth's crust. Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion 1985. The most widely accepted theory of the Moon's origin, the giant impact theory, states that it was formed from the collision of a Mars-size protoplanet with the early Earth.

The New York Times, March 19, 2002: "Fumes and Visions Were Not a Myth for Oracle at Delphi". This allows total eclipses and annular eclipses to occur on Earth. Geology of Delphi. The Moon is just far enough away to have, when seen from Earth, very nearly the same apparent angular size as the Sun (the Sun is 400 times larger, but the Moon is 400 times closer). John Roach, "Delphic Oracle's Lips May Have Been Loosened by Gas Vapors" in National Geographic news, August 2001. This remains a controversial subject, however, and further studies of Mars—which shares Earth's rotation period and axial tilt, but not its large moon or liquid core—may provide additional insight. Hale, et al., "Questioning the Delphic Oracle: When science meets religion at this ancient Greek site, the two turn out to be on better terms than scholars had originally thought", in Scientific American August 2003. Planetary scientists who have studied the effect claim that this might kill all large animal and higher plant life.

John R. One pole would be pointed directly toward the Sun during summer and directly away during winter. "The Delphic oracle". If Earth's axis of rotation were to approach the plane of the ecliptic, extremely severe weather could result, as this would make seasonal differences extreme. Eloise Hart, "The Delphic oracle". Some theorists believe that, without this stabilization against the torques applied by the Sun and planets to the Earth's equatorial bulge, the rotational axis might be chaotically unstable, as it appears to be with Mars. Livius Picture Archive: Delphi. Paleontological evidence and computer simulations show that Earth's axial tilt is stabilised by tidal interactions with the Moon.

Osborne , "A Short detour to Delphi and the Sibyls". The Moon may dramatically affect the development of life by taming the weather. C. As the Moon orbits Earth, different parts of its face are illuminated by the Sun, leading to the lunar phases: The dark part of the face is separated from the light part by the solar terminator. Delphi (in Greek). As a result, it always presents the same face to the planet. Delphi guide. The same effect on the Moon has led to its tidal locking: Its rotation period is the same as the time it takes to orbit the Earth.

The Oracle of Delphi and Ancient Oracles, annotated guide edited by Tim Spalding. The gravitational attraction between the Earth and Moon cause the tides on Earth. Hellenic Ministry of Culture: Delphi. The natural satellites orbiting other planets are called "moons", after Earth's Moon. Homepage of the modern municipality (in English or Greek). With the exception of Pluto's Charon, it is the largest moon in the Solar system relative to the size of its planet. The Moon, sometimes called 'Luna', is a relatively large terrestrial planet-like satellite, whose diameter is about one-quarter of the Earth's.

. The Earth is sometimes referred to as the Third Planet from the Sun because, of the nine planets of our solar system, Earth is the third closest planet to the sun. For other eras, see precession and Milankovitch cycles. In modern times, Earth's perihelion is always about January 3, and aphelion is about July 4 (near the winter and summer solstices, which are on about December 21 and June 21, respectively).

Also, the rotational velocity varies, a phenomenon known as length of day variation. The polar motion is quasi-periodic, containing an annual component and a component with a 14-month period called the Chandler wobble. In a reference frame attached to the solid body of the Earth, its rotation is also slightly irregular due to polar motion. These motions are caused by the differential attraction of Sun and Moon on the Earth's equatorial bulge, due to its oblateness.

In an inertial reference frame, the Earth's axis undergoes a slow precessional motion with a period of some 25,800 years, as well as a nutation with a main period of 18.6 years. The Hill sphere (sphere of influence) of the Earth is about 1.5 Gm (930 thousand miles) in radius, within which one natural satellite (the Moon) comfortably orbits. The orbital and axial planes are not precisely aligned: Earth's axis is tilted some 23.5 degrees against the Earth-Sun plane (which causes the seasons); and the Earth-Moon plane is tilted about 5 degrees against the Earth-Sun plane (otherwise there would be an eclipse every month). Viewed from Earth's north pole, the motion of Earth, its moon and their axial rotations are all counterclockwise.

When combined with the Earth-Moon system's common revolution around the Sun, the period of the synodic month, from new moon to new moon, is 29.53 days. Earth has one natural satellite, the Moon, which revolves with the Earth around a common barycenter, from fixed star to fixed star, every 27.32 days. The orbital speed of the Earth averages about 30 km/s (108,000 km/h), which is enough to cover one Earth diameter (~12,700 km) in 7 minutes, and one distance to the Moon (384,000 km) in 4 hours. From Earth, this gives an apparent movement of the Sun with respect to the stars at a rate of about 1 °/day, i.e., a Sun or Moon diameter every 12 hours, eastward.

Earth orbits the Sun every 365.2564 mean solar days (1 sidereal year). From Earth the main apparent motion of celestial bodies in the sky (except meteors which are within the atmosphere and low-orbiting satellites) is the movement to the west at a rate of 15 °/h = 15'/min, i.e., a Sun or Moon diameter every two minutes. It takes the Earth 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.091 seconds (1 sidereal day) to rotate around the axis connecting the north pole and the south pole.
.

The geologic component layers of the Earth are located at the following depths below surface:.
.
.
.

The biosphere is a tiny layer in this composition and is usually not considered part of the physical layers of the Earth. Its components are the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the crust, the mantle, and its core. The Earth consists of several atmospheric, hydrologic, and mainly geologic layers. .

Although a link to such Indo-European languages has not been proved, several Semitic languages have similar-sounding words for Earth: aard in Arabic, irtsitu in Akkadian, araa in Aramaic, erets in Phoenician (which appears in the Mesha Stele), and ארץ (arets, or erets when followed by a noun modifier) in Hebrew. tierra in Spanish). Taking into account metathesis, we can find cognates of the word Earth in the Latin terra and in the modern Romance languages (i.e. It is derived from Old English eorðe.

The root also has cognates in extinct languages such as ertha in Old Saxon and ert (meaning 'ground') in Middle Irish. Examples in modern tongues include aarde in Dutch, Erde in German and arde in Arabic. The English word Earth has cognates in many modern as well as defunct - including ancient - languages. Besides words derived from Terra, such as terrestrial, terms that refer to the Earth include tellur- (telluric, tellurion, from the goddess Terra's alternate name, Tellūs) and geo- (geography, geocentric, geothermal; from the Greek goddess Gaia).

Its astronomical symbol consists of a circled cross, representing a meridian and the equator; a variant puts the cross atop the circle (Unicode: ⊕ or ♁). Earth is sometimes known as Terra in some languages, after the Roman goddess Terra. Scientific evidence indicates that the planet formed around 4.57 billion (4.57×10⁹) years ago, and shortly thereafter (4.533 billion years ago) acquired its single natural satellite, the Moon. It is the largest of the solar system's terrestrial planets, and the only planetary body that modern science confirms as harboring life.

Earth is the third planet from the Sun. Other: 30% (1993 est.). Urban areas: 1.5%. Forests and woodland: 32%.

Permanent pastures: 26%. Permanent crops: 1%. Arable land: 10%. The land-based ecosystem depends upon topsoil and fresh water, and the oceanic ecosystem depends upon dissolved nutrients washed down from the land.

Earth's biosphere produces many useful biological products, including (but far from limited to) food, wood, pharmaceuticals, oxygen, and the recycling of many organic wastes. These ore bodies form concentrated sources for many metals and other useful elements. Mineral ore bodies have been formed in Earth's crust by the action of erosion and plate tectonics. These deposits are used by humans both for energy production and as feedstock for chemical production.

Earth's crust contains large deposits of fossil fuels: (coal, petroleum, natural gas, methane clathrate). Highest point: Mount Everest 8,844 m (2005 est.). Lowest point overall: Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean −10,924 m [1]. Lowest point on land: Dead Sea −417 m.

42 nations and other areas are completely landlocked (see list of landlocked countries). Note: boundary situations with neighboring states prevent many countries from extending their fishing or economic zones to a full 200 nautical miles (370.4 km). Territorial sea: 12 nautical miles (22.2 km) claimed by most, but can vary. Exclusive economic zone: 200 nautical miles (370.4 km) claimed by most, but can vary.

Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nautical miles (370.4 km) claimed by most, but can vary. Continental shelf: 200 m depth claimed by most or to depth of exploitation; others claim 200 nautical miles (370.4 km) or to the edge of the continental margin. Contiguous zone: 24 nautical miles (44.4 km) claimed by most, but can vary. Note: 70.8 % of the world's surface is covered by water, 29.2 % is exposed land.

Water: 361.132 million km². land: 148.94 million km². Total: 510.073 million km². 5100 to 6378 km - Inner Core.

2890 to 5100 km - Outer Core. 100 to 700 km - Asthenosphere. 35 to 2890 km - Mantle