Boston Marathon

The 100th running of the Boston Marathon, 1996

The Boston Marathon is an annual marathon sporting event hosted by the city of Boston, Massachusetts on Patriot's Day, the third Monday of April. Begun in 1897 and inspired by the success of the first modern-day marathon competition in the 1896 Summer Olympics, it has become one of the oldest and most popular professional marathon races in the world. Professional runners from all over of the world compete in the Boston Marathon each year, braving the hilly New England terrain and unpredictable weather to take part in the race.

The event attracts an average of about 20,000 registered participants each year. In the 100th running of the Boston Marathon in 1996, the number of participants reached 38,000. While there is a cash prize awarded to the winners of the marathon, most of the runners take part in the historical marathon just for the joy of participating in such a prestigious race. Indeed, the qualifying standard is high enough that many marathoners aspire to meet it, and doing so is considered an achievement in itself.

Race

The Boston Marathon is open to all runners, male and female, from any nation, but they must meet certain qualifying standards. To qualify, a runner must first complete a standard marathon course certified by USA Track and Field (or, if outside the U.S., a course certified by a foreign athletic authority equivalent to USATF) within a certain period of time before the date of the desired Boston Marathon (usually within approximately 18 months prior). Prospective runners in the peak age range of 18-34 must run a time of no more than 3:10:00 (3 hours and 10 minutes) if male (approximately 0:7:15 per mile), or 3:40:00 if female (approximately 0:8:24 seconds per mile); the qualifying time is adjusted upward as age increases.

The race begins at noon (wheelchair race begins at 11:45 AM, and the elite women at 11:31 AM) at the official starting point in Hopkinton, Massachusetts. The course runs through 26.2 miles (42.195 km) of winding roads, into the center of Boston, where the official finish line is located at Copley Square, just beyond the Boston Public Library.

The Boston Marathon is considered to be one of the more difficult marathon courses because of the infamous Newton, Massachusetts hills along Commonwealth Avenue, which culminate in Heartbreak Hill near Boston College. Only once has a world record time for marathon running been set in Boston, in 1947. The record time then was 2:25:39, by Yun Bok Suh of South Korea. In 1975, the women's world record was set in Boston at 2:42:24. Ironically, the course is now considered invalid for international records because the finish is substantially lower in elevation than the start.

The race's organizers keep a standard time clock for all entries, though official timekeeping ceases after the six hour mark.

Massachusetts residents are proud of the Marathon, and a yearly tradition among the towns lining the race course has emerged. The local residents gladly welcome the Marathon participants with open arms, and they do their best to provide a supportive, encouraging, friendly atmosphere for the race itself. Along the entire 42.195 km - 26.2 mile stretch of the race, thousands of fans and well-wishers line up along the sides of the race course to cheer the runners on, encourage them, and provide free water and snacks to any and all of the runners. The crowds are even more encouraging for the amateur runners and neophytes taking part in the Marathon for the first time.

Every year, the Boston Red Sox play a home game at Fenway Park, starting at 11:05 a.m. When the game ends, the crowd empties into Kenmore Square to cheer as the runners near the 25 mile (40 km) marker.

History

The Boston Marathon was originally a local event, but its fame and status has attracted runners from all over the world. In recent years, critics of America's professional sports leagues have pointed to the dominance of foreign-born atheletes in the event (especially runners from Kenya) to back their arguments that American professional running is lagging behind the rest of the world in terms of producing quality atheletes.

For most of its history, the Boston Marathon was a free event, and the only prize awarded for winning the race was a wreath woven from olive branches. However, corporate-sponsored cash prizes began to be awarded in the 1980s, when professional athletes began to refuse to run the race without cash awards. The first cash prize for winning the marathon was awarded in 1986.

Women were not allowed to enter the Boston Marathon until 1972. In 1966, Roberta Gibb was the first woman to inofficially run the Boston Marathon. In 1967, Katherine Switzer, who had registered as "K Switzer", was the first woman to run with a race number. She finished although Boston Marathon officials tried to forcibly remove her from the race.

Rosie Ruiz scandal

Scandal came to the Boston Marathon in 1980 when amateur runner Rosie Ruiz came from out of nowhere to win the women's race. Marathon officials became suspicious when it was found Ruiz didn't appear in race videotapes until near the end of the race. A subsequent investigation concluded (though Ruiz never admitted to cheating) that Ruiz had skipped most of the race and blended into the crowd about one mile from the finish line, where she then ran to her apparent victory. Ruiz was officially disqualified, and the winner was proclaimed to be Canadian Jacqueline Gareau.


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Ruiz was officially disqualified, and the winner was proclaimed to be Canadian Jacqueline Gareau. This is the core that all Mozilla-based browsers and applications are built from. A subsequent investigation concluded (though Ruiz never admitted to cheating) that Ruiz had skipped most of the race and blended into the crowd about one mile from the finish line, where she then ran to her apparent victory. It consists most notably of the Gecko layout engine, but also the XUL user-interface toolkit, the Necko networking library, and other components. Marathon officials became suspicious when it was found Ruiz didn't appear in race videotapes until near the end of the race. The term "Mozilla" is also used to refer to the Mozilla application framework, a cross-platform application framework for writing applications that can run on multiple operating systems. Scandal came to the Boston Marathon in 1980 when amateur runner Rosie Ruiz came from out of nowhere to win the women's race. In some older Internet statistics programs, the term "Netscape 5.x" is incorrectly used to refer to these browsers because the user agent string starts with Mozilla/5.0.

She finished although Boston Marathon officials tried to forcibly remove her from the race. For example, when it is said that a website is usable by Mozilla browsers, it means that it is usable by Mozilla Suite, Firefox, Camino, Netscape 6, etc. In 1967, Katherine Switzer, who had registered as "K Switzer", was the first woman to run with a race number. For simplicity, the word Mozilla is often used to refer to all Mozilla-based browsers. In 1966, Roberta Gibb was the first woman to inofficially run the Boston Marathon. The suite will be unofficially superseded by SeaMonkey, an Internet suite developed by the Mozilla community that is based on the source code of the Mozilla Suite. Women were not allowed to enter the Boston Marathon until 1972. Mozilla Foundation will no longer release new versions of the suite, so that developers can focus on Firefox and Thunderbird.

The first cash prize for winning the marathon was awarded in 1986. The last official series of the suite is 1.7.x. However, corporate-sponsored cash prizes began to be awarded in the 1980s, when professional athletes began to refuse to run the race without cash awards. To distinguish the suite from the standalone products, the suite is often marketed as "Mozilla Suite", or the more lengthy "Mozilla Application Suite". For most of its history, the Boston Marathon was a free event, and the only prize awarded for winning the race was a wreath woven from olive branches. The suite was well known as the open source base of the Netscape suite (versions 6 and 7), and its underlying code base (most notably the Gecko layout engine) became the base of many standalone applications, including the Mozilla Foundation's flagship products Firefox and Thunderbird. In recent years, critics of America's professional sports leagues have pointed to the dominance of foreign-born atheletes in the event (especially runners from Kenya) to back their arguments that American professional running is lagging behind the rest of the world in terms of producing quality atheletes. After a series of lengthy pre-1.0 cycles, Mozilla 1.0 was released on June 5, 2002.

The Boston Marathon was originally a local event, but its fame and status has attracted runners from all over the world. The name of the application developed from this was named as Mozilla, as it was used as the codename of the original Netscape Navigator. When the game ends, the crowd empties into Kenmore Square to cheer as the runners near the 25 mile (40 km) marker. In March 1998, Netscape released most of the code base for its popular Netscape Communicator internet suite under an open source license. Every year, the Boston Red Sox play a home game at Fenway Park, starting at 11:05 a.m. It will also oversee marketing and sponsorships of the products. The crowds are even more encouraging for the amateur runners and neophytes taking part in the Marathon for the first time. On August 3, 2005, Mozilla Foundation announced the creation of Mozilla Corporation, a wholly-owned taxable subsidiary of Mozilla Foundation, that will focus on delivering Firefox and Thunderbird to end users.

Along the entire 42.195 km - 26.2 mile stretch of the race, thousands of fans and well-wishers line up along the sides of the race course to cheer the runners on, encourage them, and provide free water and snacks to any and all of the runners. The foundation now creates and maintains the Mozilla Firefox browser and Mozilla Thunderbird e-mail application, among other products. The local residents gladly welcome the Marathon participants with open arms, and they do their best to provide a supportive, encouraging, friendly atmosphere for the race itself. On July 15, 2003, the organization was formally registered as a not-for-profit organization, and became Mozilla Foundation. Massachusetts residents are proud of the Marathon, and a yearly tradition among the towns lining the race course has emerged. The Mozilla Organization was founded in 1998 to create the new suite. The race's organizers keep a standard time clock for all entries, though official timekeeping ceases after the six hour mark. "Mozilla" is sometimes used to refer to the free software / open source software project that was founded in order to create the next-generation internet suite for Netscape.

Ironically, the course is now considered invalid for international records because the finish is substantially lower in elevation than the start. This format of user agent string has since been copied by other user agents, and persists today even though Explorer has come to dominate the browser market. In 1975, the women's world record was set in Boston at 2:42:24. The earliest example of this is Internet Explorer's use of a user agent string beginning "Mozilla/<version> (compatible; MSIE <version>...", in order to receive content intended for Netscape, its main rival at the time of its development. The record time then was 2:25:39, by Yun Bok Suh of South Korea. Thus, competing browsers began to emulate (cloak or "spoof") this string in order to also work with those sites. Only once has a world record time for marathon running been set in Boston, in 1947. Because the Netscape browser initially implemented many features not available in other browsers and quickly came to dominate the market, a number of web sites were designed to only work, or work fully, when they detected an appropriate version of Mozilla in the user agent string.

The Boston Marathon is considered to be one of the more difficult marathon courses because of the infamous Newton, Massachusetts hills along Commonwealth Avenue, which culminate in Heartbreak Hill near Boston College. The Netscape web browser identified itself as "Mozilla/<version>" followed by some information about the operating system it was running on. The course runs through 26.2 miles (42.195 km) of winding roads, into the center of Boston, where the official finish line is located at Copley Square, just beyond the Boston Public Library. It is known as "user agent string". The race begins at noon (wheelchair race begins at 11:45 AM, and the elite women at 11:31 AM) at the official starting point in Hopkinton, Massachusetts. When users visit a website (via a user agent like web browser), a text string is generally sent to identify the user agent to the web server. Prospective runners in the peak age range of 18-34 must run a time of no more than 3:10:00 (3 hours and 10 minutes) if male (approximately 0:7:15 per mile), or 3:40:00 if female (approximately 0:8:24 seconds per mile); the qualifying time is adjusted upward as age increases. An image of Mozilla was placed on every page of the site, which remains the case today, despite Netscape's disbanding after its acquisition by AOL.

To qualify, a runner must first complete a standard marathon course certified by USA Track and Field (or, if outside the U.S., a course certified by a foreign athletic authority equivalent to USATF) within a certain period of time before the date of the desired Boston Marathon (usually within approximately 18 months prior). When Netscape acquired the website directory NewHoo in 1998, they rebranded it the Open Directory Project with the nickname "dmoz" (Directory of Mozilla) due to its similarility to the Mozilla project. The Boston Marathon is open to all runners, male and female, from any nation, but they must meet certain qualifying standards. Mozilla continued to be used inside Netscape, though, often featured on T-shirts given to staff or on artwork adorning the walls of the Netscape campus in Mountain View. . However, the need to project a more 'professional' image (especially towards corporate clients) led to it being removed. Indeed, the qualifying standard is high enough that many marathoners aspire to meet it, and doing so is considered an achievement in itself. Mozilla featured prominently on Netscape's website in the company's early years.

While there is a cash prize awarded to the winners of the marathon, most of the runners take part in the historical marathon just for the joy of participating in such a prestigious race. It was designed by Dave Titus in 1994. In the 100th running of the Boston Marathon in 1996, the number of participants reached 38,000. It takes the form of a cute green and purple cartoon lizard. The event attracts an average of about 20,000 registered participants each year. Initially, the mascot took various forms, including that of a helmeted astronaut or "spaceman", but the eventual choice of a Godzilla-like lizard was no doubt thought to go well with the Godzilla-like name. Professional runners from all over of the world compete in the Boston Marathon each year, braving the hilly New England terrain and unpredictable weather to take part in the race. It had a close relationship with the Mozilla codename.

Begun in 1897 and inspired by the success of the first modern-day marathon competition in the 1896 Summer Olympics, it has become one of the oldest and most popular professional marathon races in the world. Mozilla was the mascot of the now disbanded Netscape Communications Corporation. The Boston Marathon is an annual marathon sporting event hosted by the city of Boston, Massachusetts on Patriot's Day, the third Monday of April. It was a contraction of Mosaic killer, referring to the hope that the project would unseat Mosaic as the web's most popular browser, and a reference to the name of the fictional monster Godzilla. Mozilla is a trademark of the Mozilla Foundation and historically had been used internally as a codename for the Netscape Navigator web browser from its beginning. .

The various uses of Mozilla (all of which can be referred to by using just the term "Mozilla") are listed below in the order when they were first used:. Mozilla is a computer term that has had many different uses, though all of them have been related to Netscape Communications Corporation and its related application software.