Board game

A board game is any game played on a board (that is, a premarked surface) with counters or pieces that are moved across the board. Simple board games are often seen as ideal "family entertainment" as they can provide entertainment for all ages. Some board games, such as Chess, Oware, or Go, have intense strategic value and have become lasting classics.

There are many different types and classifications of board games. Some games are simplified simulations of real life. These are popular for they can intermingle make-believe and role playing along with the game. Popular games of this type include Monopoly, which is a rough simulation of the real estate market; Cluedo/Clue, which is based upon a murder mystery; and Risk, which is one of the best known of thousands of games attempting to simulate warfare and geo-politics.

Other games only loosely, or do not at all, attempt to imitate reality. These include abstract strategy games like chess and checkers, word games, such as Scrabble, and trivia games, such as Trivial Pursuit.

History

Board games have a long history and have been played in most cultures and societies; some even pre-date literacy skill development in the earliest civilizations. A number of important historical sites, artifacts and documents exist which shed light on early board games. The most of important of these include:

  • Senet has been found in Predynastic and First Dynasty burials of Egypt, c. 3500 BC and 3100 BC respectively [1]. Senet is the oldest board game known to have existed. Also see Okno do svita deskovych her for a photo of the actual fresco found in Merknera's tomb (3300-2700 BC).
  • Mehen is another ancient board game from Predynastic Egypt.
  • The Royal Tombs of Ur contained, among others, the Royal Game of Ur. They were excavated by C. Leonard Woolley, but his books document little on the games found. Most of the games he excavated are now housed in the British Museum in London.
  • Buddha games list is the earliest known list of games.

Timeline

  • 3500 BC - Senet found in Predynastic Egyptian burials [2]; also depicted in the tomb of Merknera.
  • 3000 BC - Mehen, board game from Predynastic Egypt, played with lion-shaped game pieces and marbles.
  • 2560 BC - Board of the Royal Game of Ur (found at Ur Tombs)
  • 2500 BC - Paintings of Senet and Han being played made in the tomb of Rashepes
  • 2000 BC - Drawing in a tomb at Benihassan depicting two unknown board games being played (depicted in Falkner). It has been suggested that the second of these is Tau.
  • 1500 BC - Liubo carved on slab of blue stone. Also painting of Board Game of Knossos.
  • 1400 BC - Game boards including Alquerque, Three Men's Morris, Nine Men's Morris, and a possible Mancala board etched on the roof of the Kurna Temple. (Source: Fiske, and Bell)
  • 200 BC - A Go board pre-dating 200 BC was found in 1954 in Wangdu County. This board is now in Beijing Historical Museum. (Source: John Fairbairn's Go in Ancient China).
  • 116 - 27 BC - Marcus Terentius Varro's Lingua Latina X (II, par. 20) contains earliest known reference to latrunculi (often confused with Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum, Ovid's game mentioned below).
  • 79 - 8 BC - Liu Xiang's (劉向) Shuo yuan, contains earliest known reference to Xiangqi.
  • 1 BC-8 AD Ovid's Ars Amatoria contains earliest known reference to Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum and the smaller merels.
  • 220-265 Nard enters China under the name t'shu-p'u (Source: Hun Tsun Sii)

Board games first became widely popular among the general population early in the 20th century when the rise of the middle class with disposable income and leisure time made them a receptive audience to such games. This popularity expanded after the Second World War, a period from which many classic board games date. Computer games are closely related to board games, and many acclaimed computer games such as Civilization are based upon board games.

Many board games are now available as computer games, including the option to have the computer act as an opponent. The rise of computers has also led to a relative decline in the most complicated board games, as they require less space, and are easier to set up and clear away. With the Internet, many board games can now be played online against computer or other players in real time (like to classics board games available on Yahoo, Lycos and other big Internet sites) or during your spare time, every time it's your turn (see the links at the end of this article).

The modern board game industry is rife with corporate mergers and acquisitions, with large companies such as Hasbro owning many subsidiaries and selling products under a variety of brand names. It is difficult to successfully market a new board game to the mass market. Retailers tend to be conservative about stocking games of untested popularity, and most large board game companies have established criteria that a game must meet in order to be produced. If, for instance, Monopoly were introduced as a new game today, it would not meet the criteria for production.

Luck, strategy and diplomacy

One way of defining board games are between those based upon luck and strategy. Some games, such as chess, have no luck involved. Children's games tend to be very luck based with games such as Sorry! having virtually no decisions to be made. Most board games have both luck and strategy. A player may be hampered by a few poor rolls of the dice in Risk or Monopoly, but over many games a player with a superior strategy will win more often. While some purists consider luck to not be a desirable component of a game, others counter that elements of luck can make for far more complex and multi-faceted strategies as concepts such as expected value and risk management must be considered. Still most adult game players prefer to make some decisions during play, and find purely luck based games such as Top Trumps quite boring.

The third important factor in a game is diplomacy, or players making deals with each other. A game of solitaire, for obvious reasons, has no player interaction. Two player games usually don't have diplomacy, as cooporation between the two players does not occur. Thus, this generally applies only to games played with three or more people. An important facet of Settlers of Catan, for example, is convincing people to trade with you rather than with other players. In Risk, one example of diplomacy's effectiveness is when two or more players team up against another. Easy diplomacy consists of convincing other players that someone else is winning and should therefore be teamed up against. Difficult diplomacy (such as in the aptly named game Diplomacy) consists of making elaborate plans together, with possibility of betrayal.

Luck is introduced to a game by a number of methods. The most popular is using dice, generally six sided. These can determine everything from how many steps a player moves their token, as in Monopoly, how their forces fare in battle, such as in Risk, or which resources a player gains, such as in Settlers of Catan. Other games such as Sorry! use a deck of special cards that when shuffled create randomness. Scrabble does something similar with randomly picked letters. Other games use spinners, timers of random length, or other sources of randomness. Trivia games have a great deal of randomness based on which question a person gets. German-style board games are notable for often having rather less luck factor than in many North American board games.

Common terminology

Carcassonne tokens, or meeples

Although many board games have a jargon all their own, there is a generalized terminology to describe concepts applicable to basic game mechanics and attributes common to nearly all board games.

  • Gameboard (or board) — the (usually quadrilateral) surface on which one plays a board game; the namesake of the board game, gameboards are a necessary and sufficient condition of the genre
  • Game Piece (or token or bit) — a player's representative on the game board. Each player may control one or more game pieces. In some games that involve commanding multiple game pieces, such as chess, certain pieces have unique designations and capabilities within the parameters of the game; in others, such as Go, all pieces controlled by a player have the same essential capabilities.
  • Jump — to bypass one or more game pieces and/or spaces. Depending on the context, jumping may also involve capturing or conquering an opponent's game piece. (See also: Game mechanic: Capture)
  • Space (or square) — a physical unit of progress on a gameboard delimited by a distinct border (See also: Game mechanic: Movement)

References

  • Fiske, Willard. Chess in Iceland and in Icelandic Literature—with historical notes on other table-games). Florentine Typographical Society, 1905.
  • Falkener, Edward. Games Ancient and Oriental, and How To Play Them. Longmans, Green and Co., 1892.
  • Austin, Roland G. "Greek Board Games." Antiquity 14. September 1940: 257–271
  • Murray, Harold James Ruthven. A History of Board-Games Other Than Chess. Gardners Books, 1969.
  • Bell, Robert Charles. The Boardgame Book. London: Bookthrift Company, 1979.
  • Bell, Robert Charles. Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, 1980. ISBN 0486238555
    • Reprint: New York: Exeter Books, 1983.
  • Sackson, Sid. A Gamut of Games. Arrow Books, 1983. ISBN 0091533406
    • Reprint: Dover Publications, 1992. ISBN 0-486-27347-4
  • Schmittberger, R. Wayne. New Rules for Classic Games. John Wiley & Sons, 1992. ISBN 0-471-53621-0
    • Reprint: Random House Value Publishing, 1994. ISBN 0517129558
  • Parlett, David. Oxford History of Board Games. Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 0192129988

Note that some these works may suffer from cultural bias—especially Murray's work which, despite being the standard reference, tends to assume Western cultural superiority.


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Note that some these works may suffer from cultural bias—especially Murray's work which, despite being the standard reference, tends to assume Western cultural superiority. In addition, Favre owns a number of team records, having printed his name into almost every passing category in the annals of Green Bay Packers history. Although many board games have a jargon all their own, there is a generalized terminology to describe concepts applicable to basic game mechanics and attributes common to nearly all board games. (Last update: 2 January 2006) They include:. German-style board games are notable for often having rather less luck factor than in many North American board games. As an active player, these numbers are subject to change. Trivia games have a great deal of randomness based on which question a person gets. Favre is closing in on a number of other NFL records and milestones.

Other games use spinners, timers of random length, or other sources of randomness. And while several quarterbacks have achieved the legendary feat of the 99-yard touchdown pass, Favre's pass remained airborne longer than any of the others. Scrabble does something similar with randomly picked letters. Tittle. Other games such as Sorry! use a deck of special cards that when shuffled create randomness. The enormity of his accomplishments can be illustrated by the fact that only five other quarterbacks in NFL history have ever achieved two consecutive 30-touchdown passing seasons at least one time in their careers: Steve Bartkowski, Dan Fouts, Dan Marino, Jeff Garcia and Y.A. These can determine everything from how many steps a player moves their token, as in Monopoly, how their forces fare in battle, such as in Risk, or which resources a player gains, such as in Settlers of Catan. Louis Rams alone have played 13 different quarterbacks.

The most popular is using dice, generally six sided. In that time, the St. Luck is introduced to a game by a number of methods. During the first 200 straight games started by Favre, 178 other quarterbacks started in the NFL. Difficult diplomacy (such as in the aptly named game Diplomacy) consists of making elaborate plans together, with possibility of betrayal. He is currently in sole possession of fourth place for all-time NFL starting streaks of players in any position. Easy diplomacy consists of convincing other players that someone else is winning and should therefore be teamed up against. Favre is the only professional athlete in any sport to have started every game his team has played over the past 14-season period.

In Risk, one example of diplomacy's effectiveness is when two or more players team up against another. Favre's consecutive-starts streak is considered by many to be his most impressive record. An important facet of Settlers of Catan, for example, is convincing people to trade with you rather than with other players. Favre currently possesses a number of NFL records:. Thus, this generally applies only to games played with three or more people. She is currently in stable condition. Two player games usually don't have diplomacy, as cooporation between the two players does not occur. On December 13th, 2005 Brett's grandmother, Izella French, suffered a stroke.

A game of solitaire, for obvious reasons, has no player interaction. Brett and Deanna's home in Hattiesburg, Mississippi was also damaged by the storm. The third important factor in a game is diplomacy, or players making deals with each other. However, none of his family members were injured. Still most adult game players prefer to make some decisions during play, and find purely luck based games such as Top Trumps quite boring. Hurricane Katrina blew through Mississippi, destroying his family's home there. While some purists consider luck to not be a desirable component of a game, others counter that elements of luck can make for far more complex and multi-faceted strategies as concepts such as expected value and risk management must be considered. More recently, in late August 2005, Favre's family suffered another setback.

A player may be hampered by a few poor rolls of the dice in Risk or Monopoly, but over many games a player with a superior strategy will win more often. (She is expected to make a complete recovery.) After much speculation regarding the possibility of retirement, Favre announced his intention of playing the 2005-2006 season on March 10, 2005. Most board games have both luck and strategy. Following aggressive treatment, she made progress and appears to be recovering well. Children's games tend to be very luck based with games such as Sorry! having virtually no decisions to be made. Soon after, Brett's wife, Deanna, was diagnosed with breast cancer. Some games, such as chess, have no luck involved. Favre's brother-in-law, Casey Tynes, was killed in an all-terrain vehicle accident on Favre's Mississippi property.

One way of defining board games are between those based upon luck and strategy. Several family crises followed Irvin Favre's death. If, for instance, Monopoly were introduced as a new game today, it would not meet the criteria for production. Mike McCarthy was set to meet with Brett about this after the Senior Bowl, which was held at Mobile, Alabama, a short drive from Hattiesburg, Mississippi, where Favre resides in the post-season. Retailers tend to be conservative about stocking games of untested popularity, and most large board game companies have established criteria that a game must meet in order to be produced. However, in an interview aired on ESPN in late January 2006, Favre said he would retire if he was asked to make the decision immediately, citing a need for family involvement and an inability to remain competitive mentally. It is difficult to successfully market a new board game to the mass market. When last reported on the Yahoo Sports webpage, it was noted that Brett seemed to be 70-30 on the prospects of returning for another year based on Packers insiders.

The modern board game industry is rife with corporate mergers and acquisitions, with large companies such as Hasbro owning many subsidiaries and selling products under a variety of brand names. Upon firing Sherman, Thompson noted that he was not firing Brett Favre, and wanted Favre to return for another year, but also noted that "Eventually Brett Favre's going to retire and go back to Mississippi," and that his decision to fire Sherman was based on what he felt was in the team's best interest in the long haul - regardless of what has come to be known amongst fans as the "Favre factor.". With the Internet, many board games can now be played online against computer or other players in real time (like to classics board games available on Yahoo, Lycos and other big Internet sites) or during your spare time, every time it's your turn (see the links at the end of this article). First and foremost, Favre implied several times during the 2005 season that he would be less likely to return for one more season were Sherman to be dismissed. The rise of computers has also led to a relative decline in the most complicated board games, as they require less space, and are easier to set up and clear away. It should be noted that Favre's prospects of returning for a sixteenth season were reduced upon the firing of of Green Bay head coach Mike Sherman for two reasons. Many board games are now available as computer games, including the option to have the computer act as an opponent. Favre has yet to announce his intentions, and has said he will take a few weeks to unwind and speak with Packers' general manager, Ted Thompson before making a final decision.

Computer games are closely related to board games, and many acclaimed computer games such as Civilization are based upon board games. As the last minutes of the game ticked away, with the Packers leading the Seahawks 23-17, almost the whole Green Bay crowd started shouting "One more year", and holding up signs that tried to convince Favre to stay one more year, with even his wife joining in the festivities. This popularity expanded after the Second World War, a period from which many classic board games date. Some felt Favre acted like it was his last game, as he hugged and greeted his teammates, along with former teammates on the Seahawks, like Matt Hasselbeck and Mike Holmgren. Board games first became widely popular among the general population early in the 20th century when the rise of the middle class with disposable income and leisure time made them a receptive audience to such games. During Green Bay's last game of the 2005 season, Terry Bradshaw, Howie Long, and the rest of the Fox pregame staff predicted that their match with the Seattle Seahawks would be Favre's last game as a pro, while there was no media on the Green Bay Packers' offical website relating to it or supporting it. The most of important of these include:. No matter what Favre decides he will be known in the NFL as one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time, and is considered a shoo-in first ballot selection for the Hall of Fame.

A number of important historical sites, artifacts and documents exist which shed light on early board games. Were Favre to retire after this season, the quarterback position would be taken over by first-round draft pick Aaron Rodgers. Board games have a long history and have been played in most cultures and societies; some even pre-date literacy skill development in the earliest civilizations. However, this cannot be blamed entirely on Favre, as Green Bay suffered the loss of many of its key players to injury and Favre had to play with third-string and lower players in a number of skill positions. . However, 2005 proved to be even worse; in fact, the worst season in Favre's career in which the Packers amassed a 4-12 record, Green Bay's first losing season since Favre joined the team. These include abstract strategy games like chess and checkers, word games, such as Scrabble, and trivia games, such as Trivial Pursuit. In 2004, he discussed the idea of retiring with his family but decided to come back for 2005 because his wife's battle with breast cancer was going well and her health had improved, and also his belief that he could do much better with the improvements to the Green Bay team and his own long-term work during the off season in losing weight and increasing his mobility.

Other games only loosely, or do not at all, attempt to imitate reality. Beginning in 2001 and continuing through the 2005 season, questions have arisen as to whether Favre was going to retire. Popular games of this type include Monopoly, which is a rough simulation of the real estate market; Cluedo/Clue, which is based upon a murder mystery; and Risk, which is one of the best known of thousands of games attempting to simulate warfare and geo-politics. Brett Favre had an average season with over 3,000 yards for a record fourteenth consecutive time, but he also led the league in interceptions with one shy of 30. These are popular for they can intermingle make-believe and role playing along with the game. Third-year wideout Antonio Chatman saw some major playing time along with his normal special teams duties. Some games are simplified simulations of real life. Rookie, Nigeria-native Samkon Gado rushed for over a hundred yards three times before being lost for the rest of the season in game 14 due to a torn MCL, and veteran receiver Donald Driver excelled in the flanker position after replacing the injured Javon Walker.

There are many different types and classifications of board games. With all of the team's injury problems, a few unknown players rose up to try and help Favre lead the team. Some board games, such as Chess, Oware, or Go, have intense strategic value and have become lasting classics. Third-string running back Tony Fisher, slot receiver Robert Ferguson and starting tight end Bubba Franks also missed playing time. Simple board games are often seen as ideal "family entertainment" as they can provide entertainment for all ages. Second running back Najeh Davenport was lost for the season after breaking his ankle. A board game is any game played on a board (that is, a premarked surface) with counters or pieces that are moved across the board. The Packers' misfortunes didn't end there.

ISBN 0192129988. This bad luck was followed by the loss of running back Ahman Green, and rookie wide receiver Terrence Murphy. Oxford University Press, 1999. All-Pro wide receiver Javon Walker, Favre's favorite target, went down with a season-ending knee injury in the first game. Oxford History of Board Games. Green Bay's 2005 season was a disappointment right from the beginning. Parlett, David. However, it is not yet known if he will continue to play after the 2005-06 season.

ISBN 0517129558. The deal made Favre the first $100 million player in NFL history. Reprint: Random House Value Publishing, 1994. Since March 2001, Favre has been signed to a "lifetime" contract with the Packers, the first in team history. ISBN 0-471-53621-0

    . Green Bay would go on to lose that game 26-24. John Wiley & Sons, 1992. With a 17-yard pass to running back Ahman Green on September 18, 2005, in a game against the Cleveland Browns, Favre became only the third quarterback in NFL history to throw for 50,000 yards or more, along with Dan Marino and John Elway.

    New Rules for Classic Games. Favre won an ESPY Award for his Monday Night Football performance. Wayne. He then went to his father's funeral in Pass Christian, Mississippi and returned in time to lead the Packers to a dominant 31-3 victory over the Denver Broncos, which resulted in the 2003 NFC North championship when the division-leading Minnesota Vikings dropped a heartbreaking 18-17 game to the Arizona Cardinals that same day. Schmittberger, R. But I know he was watching tonight." He was named NFC Offensive Player of the Week. ISBN 0-486-27347-4. It's meant a great deal to me, to my dad, to my family, and I didn't expect this kind of performance.

    Reprint: Dover Publications, 1992. I love him so much and I love this game. ISBN 0091533406

      . Afterwards, Favre said, "I knew that my dad would have wanted me to play. Arrow Books, 1983. Favre elected to play and passed for four touchdowns in the first half, and 399 yards in a 41-7 destruction of the Raiders on international television (receiving applause from the highly partisan "Raider Nation"). A Gamut of Games. The day before, his father, Irvin Favre, died suddenly of a heart attack.

      Sackson, Sid. One of the defining moments of Favre's career, and his greatest game ever, took place on December 22, 2003, in a Monday Night Football game against the Oakland Raiders. Reprint: New York: Exeter Books, 1983. Players and fans from around the league were highly critical of the play, and comedian Jimmy Kimmel even lampooned the episode in a skit during FOX NFL Sunday shortly after, depicting a "Strahan" and a "Favre" in an elegant ballet that culminated in "Strahan" sweeping "Favre" up off his feet and gently laying him on the ground. ISBN 0486238555

        . The Packers were winning the game handily—and did win 34-25—and Favre's offensive line had relegated Strahan to a non-factor for most of the game. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, 1980. Favre claimed he'd changed the play at the line of scrimmage, but the rest of the team appeared to run a different play than Favre's.

        Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations. It was Strahan's lone sack of the game and gave him the NFL's single-season sack record of 22.5, which topped Mark Gastineau's record of 22 set in 1984. Bell, Robert Charles. Favre was the target of controversy at the end of 2001 when, in the regular-season finale against the New York Giants at Giants Stadium in East Rutherford, N.J., Favre rolled to his right and slid down at the feet of hard-charging Giants defensive end Michael Strahan. London: Bookthrift Company, 1979. The streak ended in 2005, with the Packers finishing 4-12 overall. The Boardgame Book. Through the 2004 season, the Packers had the longest streak of non-losing seasons (13) in the NFL, despite an 8-8 record under coach Ray Rhodes, a 9-7 season under coach Mike Sherman, and no playoff berths in either 1999 or 2000.

        Bell, Robert Charles. However, Favre and the Packers continued posting positive results through the next few seasons. Gardners Books, 1969. Favre took the loss to the Broncos hard, and considered retirement in the offseason. A History of Board-Games Other Than Chess. Green Bay fought their way to Super Bowl XXXII but lost to John Elway and the Denver Broncos by the score of 31-24 at Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego. Murray, Harold James Ruthven. Favre was named co-MVP of the league with Detroit Lions running back Barry Sanders, his third straight award.

        September 1940: 257–271. Favre and the Packers continued their dominance of the NFC the next season. "Greek Board Games." Antiquity 14. Favre threw two touchdown passes over 50 yards and scored another touchdown rushing, and the Packers won the Vince Lombardi Trophy and Super Bowl XXXI over the New England Patriots, 35-21. Austin, Roland G. Green Bay compiled an NFL-best regular season record of 13-3, dispatched San Francisco 49ers and Carolina at Lambeau Field in the playoffs, and advanced to Super Bowl XXXI at the Louisiana Superdome, a short drive from Kiln. Longmans, Green and Co., 1892. Favre then led the Packers to their greatest season in 30 years in the 1996-97 season, winning his second consecutive MVP award in the process.

        Games Ancient and Oriental, and How To Play Them. He remained in rehab for 46 days. Falkener, Edward. He went public with his problem in May 1996, and immediately sought rehabilitation after a press conference admitting his problem. Florentine Typographical Society, 1905. While being treated for various injuries, Brett Favre developed an addiction to painkillers. Chess in Iceland and in Icelandic Literature—with historical notes on other table-games). Eventually he learned Holmgren's system and became one of the league's top quarterbacks, winning the first of three MVP awards in 1995, a season in which the Packers made it to the NFC Championship Game, upsetting the San Francisco 49ers to go further in the playoffs than any Packer team since the Vince Lombardi era.

        Fiske, Willard. In the early years under head coach Mike Holmgren, Favre struggled to keep his game under control, often making high-risk throws that resulted in many interceptions. Space (or square) — a physical unit of progress on a gameboard delimited by a distinct border (See also: Game mechanic: Movement). The 2003 season was just one chapter in the story of Favre's toughness. (See also: Game mechanic: Capture). Even more impressive was the fact that he tossed a league leading 32 touchdown passes. Depending on the context, jumping may also involve capturing or conquering an opponent's game piece. After the bye week, in spite of the fracture in his throwing thumb, he led the Packers to a 10-6 record in the regular season and a victory over the Seattle Seahawks in the playoffs.

        Jump — to bypass one or more game pieces and/or spaces. At the time the Packers were holding a record of 3-4 going into the bye week. In some games that involve commanding multiple game pieces, such as chess, certain pieces have unique designations and capabilities within the parameters of the game; in others, such as Go, all pieces controlled by a player have the same essential capabilities. The next week's game against the Pittsburgh Steelers began the longest consecutive starts streak for a quarterback in NFL history, a number that continues to grow despite numerous injuries, including a broken thumb on his right (throwing) hand that he suffered in week 7 against the Rams during the 2003 season. Each player may control one or more game pieces. Favre was so thrilled that he nearly forgot that he was supposed to be the holder on the extra point try. Game Piece (or token or bit) — a player's representative on the game board. Favre was summoned from the bench and proceeded to lead the team to a comeback victory, throwing the game-winning touchdown pass to Kitrick Taylor with 13 seconds remaining.

        Gameboard (or board) — the (usually quadrilateral) surface on which one plays a board game; the namesake of the board game, gameboards are a necessary and sufficient condition of the genre. He has started every Green Bay Packers game after September 20, 1992, when Don Majkowski went down injured against the Cincinnati Bengals. 220-265 Nard enters China under the name t'shu-p'u (Source: Hun Tsun Sii). Favre caught the deflection, but went down for a loss of 7 yards. 1 BC-8 AD Ovid's Ars Amatoria contains earliest known reference to Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum and the smaller merels. Starting the game in the second half, Favre's pass attempt was deflected by Ray Seals. 79 - 8 BC - Liu Xiang's (劉向) Shuo yuan, contains earliest known reference to Xiangqi. Favre's first NFL completion was to himself on September 13, 1992, in a game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

        20) contains earliest known reference to latrunculi (often confused with Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum, Ovid's game mentioned below). The hip condition was not listed among the reasons, which were:. 116 - 27 BC - Marcus Terentius Varro's Lingua Latina X (II, par. On September 5, 2005, in an episode of The Top 5 Reasons You Can't Blame... series, ESPN Classic examined why the Falcons cannot be blamed for trading Favre. (Source: John Fairbairn's Go in Ancient China). Wolf overruled them and the Packers would never be the same. This board is now in Beijing Historical Museum. According to the Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel and other sources, during the physical after the trade, Favre was diagnosed with avascular necrosis, the same degenerative hip condition that ended Bo Jackson's career, and doctors recommended he be failed.

        200 BC - A Go board pre-dating 200 BC was found in 1954 in Wangdu County. The trade is regarded as one of the most lopsided in NFL history, but nearly didn't happen. (Source: Fiske, and Bell). (Wolf, while general manager of the New York Jets, had intended to take Favre in the 1991 NFL draft, but Favre was taken by the Falcons on the pick previous to the Jets.). 1400 BC - Game boards including Alquerque, Three Men's Morris, Nine Men's Morris, and a possible Mancala board etched on the roof of the Kurna Temple. The Packers general manager Ron Wolf traded a first round pick (17th overall) for Favre during the following offseason. Also painting of Board Game of Knossos. Favre won the bet and Jerry Glanville paid him the money.

        1500 BC - Liubo carved on slab of blue stone. His most notable accomplishments, aside from going 0 for 5 passing with two interceptions that year, were missing the team photo (he'd been out the night before), for which he was fined, and making a $100 bet with Jerry Glanville that he could throw the ball into the upperdeck of Fulton County Stadium. It has been suggested that the second of these is Tau. He got into repeated clashes with head coach Jerry Glanville. 2000 BC - Drawing in a tomb at Benihassan depicting two unknown board games being played (depicted in Falkner). In Atlanta, he was a third-string quarterback with unremarkable numbers and an affinity for partying. 2500 BC - Paintings of Senet and Han being played made in the tomb of Rashepes. Favre was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the second round, 33rd overall in the 1991 NFL Draft.

        2560 BC - Board of the Royal Game of Ur (found at Ur Tombs). An autopsy done the following day showed that Irvin Favre died of a sudden heart attack. 3000 BC - Mehen, board game from Predynastic Egypt, played with lion-shaped game pieces and marbles. Joe Gazzo of the Mississippi State Highway Patrol: "It didn't appear that the accident was serious enough to cause him to be unconscious, so that leads us to believe that a medical condition was what caused him to go off the road." Irvin Favre went off the road at 5:23 p.m., according to eye-witness reports, and was pronounced dead at 6:15 p.m. 3500 BC - Senet found in Predynastic Egyptian burials [2]; also depicted in the tomb of Merknera. Said Sgt. Buddha games list is the earliest known list of games. Coincidentally, on Sunday, December 21, 2003 Irvin Favre ran into a ditch near Kiln, where years earlier Brett Favre nearly died.

        Most of the games he excavated are now housed in the British Museum in London. I just know that on that day, Brett Favre was larger than life.”. Leonard Woolley, but his books document little on the games found. Alabama coach Gene Stallings said, “You can call it a miracle or a legend or whatever you want to. They were excavated by C. On September 8, Favre led Southern Miss to a comeback victory over Alabama. The Royal Tombs of Ur contained, among others, the Royal Game of Ur. Doctors would later remove 30 inches of Favre's small intestine.

        Mehen is another ancient board game from Predynastic Egypt. “All I kept asking [her] was ‘Will I be able to play football again?’” Favre recalled later. Also see Okno do svita deskovych her for a photo of the actual fresco found in Merknera's tomb (3300-2700 BC). On the way there, inside of the ambulance, his mother was sitting with him. Senet is the oldest board game known to have existed. Only after his brother smashed the window with a golf club could he be evacuated to the hospital. 3500 BC and 3100 BC respectively [1]. It flipped three times in the air, crashed into a tree and got stuck there.

        Senet has been found in Predynastic and First Dynasty burials of Egypt, c. When going around a bend a few tenths of a mile from his parents' house, Favre lost control of his car. Favre's college career was turned upside down on July 14, 1990, when he was in a near-fatal car accident. Favre capped off a six-and-a-half-minute drive with the game-winning touchdown pass with 23 seconds remaining. Favre led the Golden Eagles to a big upset of Florida State, then ranked sixth in the nation, September 2, 1989.

        He took over in the second half against Tulane on September 19, 1987 and led USM to a comeback victory with two touchdown passes. Favre wanted to play under center instead and clawed his way up from the seventh string to the backup job and then to the starting position just three games into his freshman year. It was from nearby Southern Miss—which wanted him to play defensive back. Favre received only one scholarship offer after high school.

        Irvin Favre would later consider his son's Super Bowl victory in New Orleans against the New England Patriots among the best events of his life. "But I thought I did a good job in that what I was doing was in the best interest of the team.". "If I had wanted to showcase my son, I could have let him throw," Irvin Favre said later. So, for the three years Brett was on the team, Irvin Favre lead a run-oriented offense, called the wishbone.

        Irvin Favre said that he knew his son had a great arm but also knew that the school was blessed with good running backs. He played quarterback, strong safety, placekicker and punter in a primarily option, run-oriented offense coached by his father, Irvin Favre. Kiln, a small town, had no stop lights or paved roads. Favre went to Hancock North Central High School in Kiln, Mississippi (pronounced Kill).

        . He is of French and Choctaw ancestry; one of his paternal grandparents was a Choctaw Native American [1]. He has won three League MVP awards, and has proven himself to be both a most durable and loyal professional athlete as he is the only player in the history of modern professional sports to start every single game played by his team for nearly sixteen straight seasons. He is considered by many to be one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time.

        Brett Lorenzo Favre (pronounced "Färv") (born October 10, 1969 in Gulfport, Mississippi) has been the starting quarterback for the Green Bay Packers American football team in the National Football League since 1992. Interceptions: 255 (George Blanda holds the record of 277). Third all-time in career wins as a starting QB: 139 (Elway holds the record with 148, and Marino is 2nd with 147). Second all-time in record by a starting quarterback: 139-82 (John Elway holds the record with 148-82-1).

        Second all-time in pass attempts: 7,610 (Marino holds the record at 8,358). Second all-time in pass completions: 4,678 (Marino holds the record at 4,967). Second all-time in Passing yards: 53,615 (Marino holds the record with 61,361). Second all-time in Passing Touchdowns: 396 (Marino holds the record of 420).

        Longest touchdown pass: 99 yards (to Robert Brooks, 1995) (tied with several others). Most consecutive starts by a quarterback: 221 (241 including playoffs). Most NFL MVP awards: 3. Most consecutive NFL MVP awards: 3 (1995, 1996, 1997 [co-MVP with Barry Sanders]).

        Most 3,000-yard passing seasons: 14. Most consecutive 3,000-yard passing seasons: 14 (1992-2005). Most consecutive seasons with 20 or more touchdown passes: 12 (1994-2005). Most seasons with 30 or more touchdown passes: 8 (1994-1998, 2001, 2003-2004).

        He won the NFL's sexiest man competition run by Fox Sports on January 22, 2006. Appeared as himself in the 1998 comedy film There's Something About Mary. Is a partner in a Green Bay restaurant, 'Brett Favre's Steakhouse'; operation has a sister location, 'Brett Favre's Two Minute Grill,' in the Lambeau Field Atrium. Established the 'Brett Favre Fourward Foundation’ in 1996; in conjunction with his annual golf tournament, celebrity softball game and fundraising dinners, foundation has donated more than $2 million to charities in his home state of Mississippi as well as to those in his adopted state of Wisconsin.

        10) in 1993. The school previously had retired his jersey (No. His high school, Hancock North Central (Kiln, Miss.), honored him in May 2004 by renaming its field, ‘Brett Favre Field,’ and unveiling a life-sized statue of the quarterback at the stadium’s entrance. Men's Health Magazine voted Favre the "Toughest Person in America" in 2003.

        According to Sports Illustrated, he was named a sports enemy of four states: North Dakota, South Dakota and Minnesota (each of them home mainly to Minnesota Vikings fans), and Illinois (home mainly to Chicago Bears fans). Louis Rams on Monday Night Football. That night, the Packers defeated the St. Wisconsin Governor Jim Doyle declared November 29, 2004 as Brett Favre Day to honor Favre's 200th consecutive NFL regular season start.

        Favre has been selected to play in the Pro Bowl eight times in his career. He is the only NFL player to have done this. Favre has won the National Football League's Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award a record three times, all in consecutive years (1995, 1996, and 1997; the last shared with Barry Sanders). Favre wanted a trade, and it could be argued that former Packers coach Mike Holmgren, himself a former quarterback, turned Favre from a good college quarterback without much of a pro future into a Hall of Fame pro quarterback.

        1. Favre was terrible when the Falcons actually put him into one exhibition game and one regular-season game. 2. Favre was a party animal who drank too much, though he later quit drinking as part of treatment for an addiction to painkillers in 1996.

        3. He was a casual person on a flashy Falcons team, with a flashy coach, and Favre and Glanville never got along. Favre didn't fit in. 4.

        Favre was a little-known player from a little-known college (his surname was even mispronounced "Favor" at the NFL Draft), whose preseason bragging about soon becoming the starter quickly wore thin. 5.

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