BitTorrent tracker

A BitTorrent tracker is a server which assists in the communication between peers using the BitTorrent protocol. It is also, without any extension to the original protocol, the only major single point of failure, as clients are required to communicate with the tracker to initiate downloads. (Clients that have already begun downloading also communicate with the tracker periodically to negotiate with newer peers and provide statistics, however, after the initial reception of peer data, peer communication can continue without a tracker.)

Trackers and indexes

A tracker should be differentiated from a BitTorrent index by the fact that it does not necessarily list files that are being tracked. A BitTorrent index is a list of .torrent files (usually including descriptions and other information). Trackers merely coordinate communication between peers attempting to download the payload of the torrents.

Many BitTorrent websites act as both tracker and index, for example The Pirate Bay. Sites such as these publicize the tracker's URL and allow users to upload torrents to the index with the tracker's URL embedded in them, providing all the features necessary to initiate a download.

Legal issues

Trackers illegally tracking copyrighted content are often the targets of cease and desist lawsuits from copyright bodies such as the MPAA and RIAA, despite the fact that they do not actually supply any copyrighted data themselves. Usually these websites are located in countries that have little or no copyright laws so they can get away with it. The Pirate Bay (located in Sweden) is famous for publishing and making fun of legal threats.

Improving tracker reliability

Trackers are the primary reason for a damaged BitTorrent 'swarm'. (Other reasons are mostly related to damaged or hacked clients uploading corrupt data.) The reliability of trackers has been improved through two main innovations in the BitTorrent protocol:

Multi-tracker torrents

Multi-tracker torrents feature multiple trackers in the one torrent. This way, should one tracker fail, the others can continue supporting file transfer.

'Trackerless' torrents

There are two incompatable 'trackerless' BitTorrent transfer (aka. decentralized tracking) methods: DHT-based implementations, and Azureus's 'Distributed Database'.

The term 'trackerless' is something of a misnomer, as decentralized tracking essentially treats every peer in the swarm as a tracker. BitComet was the first client to offer decentralized tracking through its DHT method. Later, Azureus and Bram Cohen's original BitTorrent client adopted this feature, although Azureus's method of implementation is incompatible with the DHT offered by all other supporting clients.

Prominent sites running trackers

  • The Pirate Bay

BitTorrent Tracking Software

  • BNBT - C++ port of the original BitTorrent tracker written in Python by Bram Cohen
    • CBTT, XBNBT and EasyTracker - popular modifications of BNBT
  • TBDev.net Updated and modification supported fork of the older TorrentBits code.
  • TorrentTrader - Free PHP and MySQL tracker
  • OpenTracker - PHP and MySQL tracker

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Later, Azureus and Bram Cohen's original BitTorrent client adopted this feature, although Azureus's method of implementation is incompatible with the DHT offered by all other supporting clients. District Court Judge Thomas Hogan reversed the decision on First Amendment grounds[5]. BitComet was the first client to offer decentralized tracking through its DHT method. Congress cut off funding for this braille magazine translation in 1985, but U.S. The term 'trackerless' is something of a misnomer, as decentralized tracking essentially treats every peer in the swarm as a tracker. The braille version includes all the written words in the non-braille magazine, but no pictorial representations. decentralized tracking) methods: DHT-based implementations, and Azureus's 'Distributed Database'. The National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS) has published a braille edition of Playboy since 1970[4].

There are two incompatable 'trackerless' BitTorrent transfer (aka. In September 2005, Playboy launched the online edition of the magazine Playboy Digital. This way, should one tracker fail, the others can continue supporting file transfer. The growth of the internet also prompted the magazine to develop a pay web site called the Playboy Cyber Club in 1995 which features online chats, additional pictorials & videos of Playmates and Playboy Cyber Girls as well as archives of past Playboy articles and interviews. Multi-tracker torrents feature multiple trackers in the one torrent. The success of Playboy magazine has led PEI to market other versions of the magazine, the Special Editions[2] (formerly called News Stand Specials), such as Playboy's College Girls[3] and Playboy's Book of Lingerie, as well as the Playboy video collection. (Other reasons are mostly related to damaged or hacked clients uploading corrupt data.) The reliability of trackers has been improved through two main innovations in the BitTorrent protocol:. (starting at the accompanying date, or during the accompanying date range).

Trackers are the primary reason for a damaged BitTorrent 'swarm'.
. The Pirate Bay (located in Sweden) is famous for publishing and making fun of legal threats. TELEVISION:. Usually these websites are located in countries that have little or no copyright laws so they can get away with it. SPORT:. Trackers illegally tracking copyrighted content are often the targets of cease and desist lawsuits from copyright bodies such as the MPAA and RIAA, despite the fact that they do not actually supply any copyrighted data themselves. MUSIC:.

Sites such as these publicize the tracker's URL and allow users to upload torrents to the index with the tracker's URL embedded in them, providing all the features necessary to initiate a download. FILM:. Many BitTorrent websites act as both tracker and index, for example The Pirate Bay. Some of them are:. Trackers merely coordinate communication between peers attempting to download the payload of the torrents. Many celebrities (singers, actresses, models, etc.) have posed for Playboy over the years. A BitTorrent index is a list of .torrent files (usually including descriptions and other information). For a full listing, please see list of people in Playboy 2000-present and its accompanying pages..

A tracker should be differentiated from a BitTorrent index by the fact that it does not necessarily list files that are being tracked. However, in the 50th Anniversary issue, this picture was printed in its original, unedited state. . Similarly, in Rena Mero's ("Sable") first Playboy shoot, one photo of Mero lying on her back was edited to add extra pubic hair over her genitalia. (Clients that have already begun downloading also communicate with the tracker periodically to negotiate with newer peers and provide statistics, however, after the initial reception of peer data, peer communication can continue without a tracker.). In reprints in later "Newsstand Specials" as well as a poster-sized print, Pamela had been "defeminized," this area having been painted over in the color of the object in front of which she was standing. It is also, without any extension to the original protocol, the only major single point of failure, as clients are required to communicate with the tracker to initiate downloads. In Pamela's original Playboy appearance in the issue of February 1990, there was a rear-view photo with her legs slightly apart and her labia majora plainly visible.

A BitTorrent tracker is a server which assists in the communication between peers using the BitTorrent protocol. One example was the case of Pamela Anderson and the "disappearing labia". OpenTracker - PHP and MySQL tracker. Some readers say that this kind of photo-editing takes away from authenticity and makes photographs look unnatural. TorrentTrader - Free PHP and MySQL tracker. There is some controversy over airbrushing (or, in recent times, Photoshopping) that is done on the photos featured in the magazine. TBDev.net Updated and modification supported fork of the older TorrentBits code. and Netscape for trademark infringement.

CBTT, XBNBT and EasyTracker - popular modifications of BNBT. The suit originally started on April 15, 1999, when Playboy sued Excite Inc. BNBT - C++ port of the original BitTorrent tracker written in Python by Bram Cohen

    . Court of Appeals ruled that Playboy Enterprises Inc.'s (PEI) trademark terms "Playboy" and "Playmate" should be protected even in Internet searches that prompt pop-up advertisements. The Pirate Bay. On the January 14, 2004, the Ninth Circuit U.S. Apparently, the whole Australian edition of Playboy is discontinued as well.

    Playboy is not sold in the State of Queensland, Australia. In some others, it is only sold in liquor & beer stores, and as for counties where such stores are forbidden, it is likely that Playboy is also. In many counties in the United States, Playboy is not sold in any stores. The store returned Playboy to its shelves in late 2003.

    In 1986, the American convenience store chain 7-Eleven removed the magazine from its stores. A local Moslem Organization is also opposed to Playboy being published on the grounds that it is pornography. Even the publisher said that the content of the Indonesian edition will be different from the original edition but the government was trying hard to ban it by using pornographic rules since the Indonesian government can't ban any media. An Indonesian Edition of Playboy launched in March 2006 but the controversy started before the first issue was published.

    Also, Japan has its own edition of Playboy, where according to Japanese custom, the pubic areas of the models are not shown. However, it is sold in Hong Kong. In additon, its sale and distribution is banned in almost all Muslim countries in Asia and Africa, such as Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. In many parts of Asia, including China, South Korea, India, Burma, Malaysia, Thailand, Taiwan, Singapore, and Brunei, the sale and distribution of Playboy is banned.

    It is known simply as the "Lenna" (also "Lena") image in that field.[1]. Perhaps coincidentally, a cropped image of the issue's centerfold (which featured Lena Soderberg) became a standard image for testing image processing algorithms. Artist Jack Niland designed the cover to embody the principles of Dharma Art as taught by the Tibetan meditation master Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche. The best-selling Playboy edition was the November 1972 edition, which sold 7,161,561 copies.

    Clarke, Yasir Arafat, Steve Jobs, Stephen Hawking, Larry Ellison, Shintaro Ishihara, Robert De Niro, and Carl Sagan. Over the years they have conducted interviews with Jimmy Carter, John Lennon, Fidel Castro, Ayn Rand, Malcolm X, George Lincoln Rockwell, Kurt Vonnegut, Bertrand Russell, Salvador Dali, Martin Luther King Jr., Jean-Paul Sartre, George Wallace, Cassius Clay (Muhammad Ali), Madalyn Murray O'Hair, Orson Welles, Ralph Nader, Arthur C. "Playboy Interview" started with Miles Davis in September 1962 (Volume 9, Number 9). The interviewers employed have included Alex Haley and Alvin Toffler.

    A typical interview would range from 7 to 10 hours long. The “Playboy Interview”, a monthly interview of someone prominent, has become famous for its confrontational style and in-depth process. Celebrations were held at Las Vegas, Los Angeles, New York, and Moscow during the year to commerate this event. The magazine celebrated its 50th Anniversary with the January 2004 issue.

    Christie Hefner, a daughter of Hugh Hefner, became the CEO of Playboy in 1988 and is now also the Chairman of the Board. In response Playboy has attempted to re-assert its hold on the 18–35 male demographic it once controlled through slight changes to its content and focussing on issues and personalities more appropriate to its audience—such as hip-hop artists being featured in the Playboy Interview. Since reaching its peak in the 1970s, Playboy has seen a decline in circulation and cultural relevance because of increased competition in the field it founded— first from Penthouse, Oui, and Gallery in the 1970s; later from pornographic videos; and more recently from lad mags such as Maxim, FHM, and Stuff. The stars, which ranged in number between zero and twelve, actually indicated the domestic or international advertising region for that printing.

    The legend stated that this was either a rating that Hefner gave to the Playmate according to how attractive she was, the number of times that Hefner had slept with her, or how good she was in bed. From 1955 to 1979 (except for a six month gap in 1976), the "P" in Playboy had a number of stars printed in or around the letter. An urban legend started about Hefner and the Playmates of the Month because of markings on the front covers of the magazine. Hefner said that he chose the rabbit as a mascot for its “humorous sexual connotation”, and because the image was “frisky and playful”.

    The famous Playboy logo, depicting the stylized profile of a rabbit wearing a tuxedo bow tie, was designed by art designer Art Paul for the magazine's second issue and has appeared on every issue since; a running joke in the magazine involves hiding the logo somewhere in the cover art or photograph. Copies of the first issue in Mint to Near Mint condition fetched over $5,000 in 2002. The cover price was 50¢. Known circulation was 53,991 (Source: Playboy Collector's Association Playboy Magazine Price Guide).

    The first issue was an immediate sensation; it sold out within a matter of weeks. The first centerfold was Marilyn Monroe, although the picture used had originally been taken for a calendar, rather than for Playboy. The first issue, published in December 1953, did not carry a date, as Hefner was unsure whether there would be a second issue. Sellers, whose mother had worked for the short-lived Playboy Automobile Company in Chicago, suggested the name "Playboy".

    Hefner and co-founder and executive vice president Eldon Sellers met to discuss the problem and to seek a new name. Playboy's original title was to be "Stag Party," but an unrelated outdoor magazine, Stag, contacted Hefner and informed him that they would legally protect their trademark if he were to launch his magazine with that name. . Playboy's use of "tasteful" nude photos is often classified as “softcore” in contrast to the more “hardcore” pornographic magazines that started to appear in the 1970s in response to the success of Playboy's more explicit rival, Penthouse.

    The magazine has been known to express liberal opinions on most major political issues. Clarke as well. The magazine is published monthly and features photographs of nude women, along with various articles on fashion, sports, consumer goods, and public figures, and often short fiction by top literary writers, such as Arthur C. In addition to the flagship magazine in the United States, special nation-specific versions of Playboy are published worldwide.

    Playboy is one of the world's best known brands. Playboy is an adult entertainment magazine, founded in 1953 by Hugh Hefner and his associates, which has grown into Playboy Enterprises, Inc., reaching into every form of media. Ukraine (2005—). Turkey (1986–1995).

    Taiwan (1990–2003). Sweden (1998–1999). Spain (1978—). South Africa (1993–1996).

    Slovenia (2001—). Slovakia (1997–2002, 2005—). Serbia (2004—). Russia (1995—).

    Romania (1999—). Poland (1992—). Norway (1998–1999). The Netherlands (1983—).

    Mexico (1976–1998, 2002—). Japan (1975—). Italy (1972–2003). Indonesia (2006—).

    Hungary (1989–1993, 1999—). Hong Kong (1986–1993). Greece (1985—). Germany (1972—).

    France (1973—). Czech Republic (1991—). Croatia (1997—). Bulgaria (2002—).

    Brazil (1975—) - see specific article. Australia (1979–2000). Argentina (1985–1995, 2006—). Peta Wilson (July 2004).

    Gena Lee Nolin (December 2001). Brooke Burke (May 2001 & November 2004). Shari Belafonte (September 2000). Women of Baywatch (June 1998).

    Farrah Fawcett (December 1995 and July 1997). Shannen Doherty (March 1994 and December 2003). Charisma Carpenter (June 2004). Claudia Christian (October 1999).

    Linda Evans (July 1971). Christy Hemme (April 2005). Amy Acuff (September 2004). Sable (Rena Mero) (April & September 1999).

    Torrie Wilson (March 2003 & May 2004). Kiana Tom (May 2002). Gabrielle Reece (January 2001). Joanie Laurer (November 2000 and January 2002).

    John (November 1999). Mia St. Tanja Szewczenko (April 1999 German Edition). Katarina Witt (December 1998).

    Willa Ford (March 2006). Debbie Gibson (March 2005). Lutricia McNeal (October 2003 German Edition). Tiffany (April 2002).

    Belinda Carlisle (August 2001). Carmen Electra (May 1996 and December 2000). Geri Halliwell (May 1998). Linda Brava (April 1998).

    Nancy Sinatra (May 1995). LaToya Jackson (March 1989 & November 1991). Bai Ling (June 2005). Teri Polo (February 2005).

    Denise Richards (December 2004). Daryl Hannah (November 2003). Tia Carrere (January 2003). Kristy Swanson (November 2002).

    Carré Otis (June 2000). Charlize Theron (May 1999). Drew Barrymore (January 1995). Dorothy Stratten (June 1980).

    Mara Corday (October 1958). Marilyn Monroe (December 1953). First issue with identical triplets in the centerfold, The Dahm Triplets: December, 1998. First national magazine with Web site: August 1994.

    First issue without staple in the centerfold: October 1985. First issue with Playmate data sheet: July 1977. First issue with signed centerfold: October 1975. January 1974 (Nancy Cameron).

    First issue with a double sided centerfold (the reverse side was a rear view). First issue with identical twins in centerfold: October 1970 - (Mary and Madeleine Collinson). First issue with an African-American Playmate: March 1965 (Jennifer Jackson). First issue with an Asian-American Playmate: August 1964 (China Lee).

    First issue with a Playmate without any pubic hair: September 2001 (Dalene Kurtis). First issue with a Playmate showing pubic hair: January 1971 (Liv Lindeland). First issue to show female pubic hair: August 1969 (dancer Paula Kelly). First issue with Playboy Interview: September 1962 (with Miles Davis).

    First issue with Playboy Advisor column: September 1960. First issue with Ian Fleming story: March 1960. First issue with a Vargas girl: March 1957. First issue with Leroy Neiman's Femlin: August 1955.