Auschwitz concentration camp

His Auschwitz scene was therefore filmed outside the near-symmetrical entrance, with scenery added to make it look like the real thing. Schiavo's diagnosis of being in a persistent vegetative state and that he provided her with appropriate care."^[43]. However, permission was denied to Steven Spielberg for Schindler's List. DCF investigators found the claims to be groundless, stating that there were "no indicators" of abuse in any of the cases and concluding that "[t]he preponderance of the evidence shows that Michael Schiavo followed doctors' orders [regarding] Ms. The Polish film directors Andrzej Munk and Andrzej Wajda were both given permission to film in Auschwitz for the films Pasażerka and Krajobraz Po Bitwie respectively. These included Terri supposedly being in pain from recent dental work, Terri not having had any dental work for years prior to that, and the blinds in her room not being open wide enough. Most media outlets now show awareness of the offence this may cause, and try to avoid using such expressions (or issue an apology after using them, see for example the recent note in The Guardian). During the final stages of the court battle in March 2005, around 30 individuals made a variety of complaints to the DCF, alleging various abuses.

Recently the Polish media and the foreign ministry of Poland have voiced objections to the use of the expression "Polish death camp" in relation to Auschwitz, as they feel that phrase might misleadingly suggest that Poles (rather than Germans) perpetrated the Holocaust. On March 11, 2005, media tycoon Robert Herring (who believes that stem cell research could have cured Schiavo's condition) offered $1 million (USD) to Michael Schiavo if he agreed to cede his guardianship to his wife's parents.^[42] The offer was rejected; George Felos, attorney for Michael Schiavo, described it as "offensive," adding that Michael had rejected other monetary offers, including one of $10 million (USD). In short, all of the denier's blustering about the 'Four Million Variant' is a specious attempt to envelope the reader into their web of deceit, and it can be discarded after the most rudimentary examination of published histories."[2]. The Schindlers' legal fight was funded by a variety of sources on the political right.^[41]. If they can't keep their numbers straight, their reasoning goes, how can we say that their evidence for the Holocaust is credible? One must wonder which historians they speak of, as most have been remarkably consistent in their estimates of a million or so dead. Although the vast majority of protests were nonviolent, two of the more extreme acts included death threats aimed towards Michael Schiavo. They hope to discredit historians by making them seem inconsistent. The case drew notable figures on both sides of the debate, as well as many pressure groups and public protesters.

Holocaust deniers have attempted to use this change as propaganda, in the words of Nizkor: "Deniers often use the 'Four Million Variant' as a stepping stone to leap from an apparent contradiction to the idea that the Holocaust was a hoax, again perpetrated by a conspiracy. A number of opinion polls were carried out, particularly on the question of federal involvement in the Terri Schiavo case, with conflicting results. After the collapse of the Communist government, the plaque was removed and the official death toll given as 1.1 million. The Terri Schiavo case held the attention of both American and international audiences and had major political ramifications. This number was never taken seriously by Western historians, and was never used in any of the calculations of the death toll at Auschwitz (which have generally remained consistently around 1-1.5 million for the last sixty years) or for the total deaths in the Holocaust as a whole. Jay Wolfson was appointed by Florida legislature to "deduce and represent the best wishes and bests interests of Theresa Schiavo." He reported to Governor Jeb Bush that "the evidence that served as the basis for the decisions regarding Theresa Schiavo were firmly grounded within Florida statutory and case law, which clearly and unequivocally provide for the removal of artificial nutrition in cases of persistent vegetative states," and that the evidence regarding Schiavo's medical condition and intentions had been "deemed, by the trier of fact to be clear and convincing." and "The reasonable degree of medical certainty associated with her diagnosis and prognosis is very high."^[40]. For many years, a memorial plaque placed at the camp by the Soviet authorities and the Polish communist government stated that 4 million people had been murdered at Auschwitz. In 2003, guardian ad litem Dr.

"27 January 2005, the sixtieth anniversary of the liberation of Nazi Germany's death camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau, where a combined total of up to 1.5 million Jews, Roma, Poles, Russians and prisoners of various other nationalities, and homosexuals, were murdered, is not only a major occasion for European citizens to remember and condemn the enormous horror and tragedy of the Holocaust, but also for addressing the disturbing rise in anti-semitism, and especially anti‑semitic incidents, in Europe, and for learning anew the wider lessons about the dangers of victimising people on the basis of race, ethnic origin, religion, social classification, politics or sexual orientation.". The court determined that she had made "credible and reliable" statements that she wouldn't want to be "kept alive on a machine," based on expert testimony, finding that Americans don't want to live "with no hope of improvement," and that her condition in a persistent vegetative state had "long since satisfied" the requirement that there be no hope of improvement.^[39]. The European Parliament marked the anniversary of the camp's liberation in 2005 with a minute of silence and the passage of this resolution:. During a trial in 2000, testimony was heard from witnesses on both sides to establish Schiavo's wishes regarding life support. In 1996, Germany made 27 January, the day of the liberation of Auschwitz, the official day for the commemoration of the victims of 'National Socialism'. Schiavo's husband insisted that she had expressed her wishes not to be kept on life support with no hope for improvement. See Auschwitz cross for more details. Judge Greer rejected their request.^[38].

Following an agreement between the Polish Catholic Church and the Polish government, the smaller crosses were removed in 1999 but the large papal one remains. This led to a challenge by Schiavo's parents, who requested a new trial about whether their daughter, as a devout Catholic, would wish to go against the Church's teaching. In 1998, after further calls to remove the cross, some 300 smaller crosses were erected by local activists near the large one, leading to further protests and heated exchanges. Pope John Paul II stated that health care providers are morally bound to provide food and water to patients in persistent vegetative states. The Catholic Church told the Carmelites to move by 1989, but they stayed on until 1993, leaving the large cross behind. David Gibbs III, the lead lawyer for Terri Schiavo’s parents, supported Vatican statements which condemned her treatment as euthanasia. Some Catholics have pointed out that the people killed in Auschwitz I were mainly Polish Catholics. Michael had her gravestone read:.

This led to protests by Jewish groups, who said that mostly Jews were killed at Auschwitz and demanded that religious symbols be kept away from the site. The Schindlers' attorney stated that the family was notified by fax only after the memorial service; by then, the family had already started getting calls from reporters.^[37] The ashes were interred at Sylvan Abbey Memorial Park in Clearwater, Florida. One year later the Carmelites erected the 8 metre (26 ft) tall cross from the 1979 mass near their site, just outside block 11 and barely visible from within the camp. On June 20, the cremated remains of Terri Schiavo were buried. After some Jewish groups called for the removal of the convent, representatives of the Catholic Church agreed in 1987. He was under court order to provide this information to them. Carmelite nuns opened a convent near Auschwitz I in 1984. On May 7, Schiavo's parents made public a complaint that they hadn't been informed of when and where the ashes of their daughter had been (or were to be) buried by Michael Schiavo.

A short while later, a Star of David appeared at the site, leading to a proliferation of religious symbols there; eventually they were removed. It can be heard here (Audio: MP3 Format).^[36]. After the pope had announced that Edith Stein would be beatified, some Catholics erected a cross near bunker 2 of Auschwitz II where she had been gassed. Father Frank Pavone, an activist with Priests for Life, delivered the homily. In 1979, the newly elected Polish Pope John Paul II celebrated Mass on the grounds of Auschwitz II to some 500,000 people. Her parents offered a memorial Mass for her at the Holy Name of Jesus Catholic Church in Gulfport on April 5. The Auschwitz concentration camp is part of the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. Schiavo's body was cremated following the autopsy.

Auschwitz II and the remains of the gas chambers there are also open to the public. The manner of death will therefore be certified as undetermined.". However, in most cases the departure from the historical truth is minor, and is clearly labelled. The cause of which [sic] cannot be determined with reasonable medical certainty. Today, the Auschwitz I museum site combines elements from several periods into a single complex: for example the gas chamber at Auschwitz I (which did not exist by the war's end) was restored and the fence was moved (because of building being done after the war but before the establishment of the museum). Schiavo suffered severe anoxic brain injury. The Polish government then decided to restore Auschwitz I and turn it into a museum honouring the victims of nazism; Auschwitz II, where buildings were prone to decay, was preserved but not restored. Regarding the cause and manner of Schiavo’s death, Thogmartin wrote, "Mrs.

The Buna Werke were taken over by the Polish government and became the foundation for the chemical industry of the region. The examiners also found no evidence that Schiavo had been the victim of trauma (such as domestic violence). After the war, the camp served as a prison of the NKVD through most of 1945 and then remained in a state of disrepair for several years. Although it was stated that Schiavo suffered from an eating disorder that caused a serious electrolyte disturbance, stopping her heart, the autopsy itself showed did not provide, and could not have provided, evidence to support this claim. This number has met with "significant, though not complete" agreement among scholars.^ . Aside from a localized, healed inflammation, the cardiac pathologist who studied Schiavo's heart found it and the coronary vessels to be healthy. A larger study started around the same time by Franciszek Piper used time tables of train arrivals combined with deportation records to calculate 1.1 million Jewish deaths and 140,000-150,000 Polish victims, along with 23,000 Roma. In the case of Terri Schiavo, seven of the eight neurologists who examined her in her last years stated that she met the clinical criteria for PVS; the serial CT scans, EEGs, the one MRI, and finally, the pathologic findings, were consistent with that diagnosis.

In 1983, French scholar George Wellers was one of the first to use Nazi data on deportations to estimate the number killed at Auschwitz, arriving at 1.613 million dead, including 1.44 million Jews and 146,000 Poles. Ancillary investigations, such as CT scans, MRI, EEGs, and lately fMRI and PET scanning, may only provide support for the clinical impression—as might the pathologic findings, after death. Though this number, and a higher total of 4 million, was used by Soviet and Polish authorities, it was never taken seriously by Western scholars, who generally supported numbers of around 1-2 million. As the condition is defined in clinical terms, it can therefore only be diagnosed in persons who, at some point, are shown to meet those clinical terms. Early efforts to count the number of dead relied on the testimony of witnesses, especially Nazi Rudolf Hoess, who gave the number of dead at 2.5-3 million. Nelson, P.A., cautioned that "[n]europathologic examination alone of the decedent’s brain – or any brain for that matter – cannot prove or disprove a diagnosis of persistent vegetative state or minimally conscious state."^[35] The vegetative state is a behaviorally defined syndrome of complete unawareness, to self and to environment, that occurs in a person who nevertheless experiences wakefulness. Since the Nazis attempted to destroy the evidence of the mass murder at Auschwitz, the exact number of victims is impossible to fix with certainty. Stephen J.

Soviet POWs were accused of collaborating with the Germans and were either executed or sent to gulags in the Soviet Union. The damage was, in the words of Thogmartin, "irreversible, and no amount of therapy or treatment would have regenerated the massive loss of neurons."^[34] Dr. 'Liberation' was not necessarily the end of the ordeal for many prisoners. There was marked damage to important relay circuits deep in the brain (the thalami)—another common pathologic hallmark of PVS. Those too weak or sick to walk were left behind; about 7,500 prisoners were liberated by the 322nd Infantry unit of the Red Army on January 27, 1945. The pattern of damage to the cortex, with injury tending to worsen from the front of the cortex to the back, is also typical. On January 17, 1945 Nazi personnel started to evacuate the facility; most of the prisoners were marched West. Throughout the cerebral cortex, the large pyramidal neurons that comprise some 70 percent of cortical cells—critical to the functioning of the cortex—were completely lost.

The gas chambers of Birkenau were blown up by the Germans in November 1944 in an attempt to hide their crimes from the advancing Soviet troops. The neuropathologic changes in her brain were precisely of the type seen in patients who enter a PVS following cardiac arrest. The debate over what could have been done, or what should have been attempted even if success was unlikely, has continued heatedly ever since. Microscopic examination revealed extensive damage to nearly all brain regions, including the cerebral cortex, the thalami, the basal ganglia, the hippocampus, the cerebellum, and the midbrain. One bomb accidentally fell into the camp and killed some prisoners. The brain itself weighed 615 g, only half the weight expected for a female of her age, height, and weight. Later several nearby military targets were bombed. Examination of Schiavo’s nervous system revealed extensive injury.

At one point Winston Churchill ordered that such a plan be prepared, but he was told that bombing the camp would most likely kill prisoners without disrupting the killing operation, and that bombing the railway lines was not technically feasible. The official autopsy report^[33] was released on June 15, 2005. Starting with a plea from the Slovakian rabbi Weissmandl in May 1944, there was a growing campaign to convince the Allies to bomb Auschwitz or the railway lines leading to it. Thogmartin also arranged for specialized cardiac and genetic examinations to be made. (In fact, it was not until the 1970s that these photographs of Auschwitz were looked at carefully.). Jon Thogmartin. Detailed air reconnaissance photographs of the camp were taken accidentally during 1944 by aircraft seeking to photograph nearby military-industrial targets, but no effort was made to analyse them. The autopsy was lead by Dr.

This changed with receipt of the very detailed report of two escaped prisoners, Rudolf Vrba and Alfred Wetzler, which finally convinced most Allied leaders of the truth about Auschwitz in the middle of 1944. The manner of death was certified as "undetermined", but acute dehydration was noted. Some information regarding Auschwitz reached the Allies during 1941-1944, such as the reports of Witold Pilecki and Jerzy Tabeau, but the claims of mass killings were generally dismissed as exaggerated. It revealed extensive brain damage and generally supported the PVS diagnosis. Female subcamps were constructed at Budy , Plawy, Zabrze, Gleiwitz I, II, III, Rajsko and at Lichtenwerden. The autopsy occurred on April 1, 2005. The largest subcamps were built at Trzebinia, Bleechammer and Althammer. After her death, Schiavo's body was taken to the office of the medical examiner for Pinellas and Pasco counties.

In regular intervals, doctors from Auschwitz II would visit the work camps and select the weak and sick for the gas chambers of Birkenau. The Schindler family was allowed into the room after Michael Schiavo had left.^[32]. It was associated with the synthetic rubber and liquid fuel plant Buna-Werke owned by IG Farben. Her parents, who had been denied access to her during her last hours, went to the hospice to visit her when they were informed she might be approaching death; they arrived half an hour after her death. The largest work camp was Auschwitz III Monowitz, starting operations in May 1942. EST on Thursday, March 31, 2005, with her husband Michael at her side. The surrounding satellite work camps were closely connected to German industry and were associated with arms factories, foundries and mines. Terri Schiavo died at 9:05 a.m.

Many of the inmates enslaved here survived less than a year due to their harsh with duck head living conditions. As her tongue was too dry to receive a small piece of the host, she received under the species of wine, one drop being placed on her tongue. The prisoners then attempted a mass escape, but nearly all of the 250 were killed soon after. The Eucharist, according to the teaching of the Catholic Church, can be received under the consecrated species of either bread (referred to as the host) or wine. Female prisoners had smuggled in explosives from a weapons factory, and crematorium IV was partly destroyed by an explosion. In accordance with the Catholic ritual of Viaticum, she received the Eucharist for the last time; it had been administered to her once through her feeding tube just before it was removed. On October 7, 1944, the Jewish Sonderkommandos (those prisoners kept separate from the main camp and involved in the operation of the gas chambers and crematoria) staged an uprising. The next day, Schiavo was given the Anointing of the Sick ("Last Rites").

On 10 October, eight hundred Roma children were systematically killed at Birkenau. On March 26, 2005, Bob and Mary Schindler announced that their legal options had been exhausted. They were gassed in July 1944. In jest, one official said local police discussed "...whether we had enough officers to hold off the National Guard."^[31]. Many Roma had been imprisoned in a special section of the camp, mostly in family units. If Bush (or the Florida Legislature) had ignored Greer's order by attempting to remove Schiavo from the hospice, a confrontation between the Pinellas Park Police Department and the FDLE agents could have ensued. ^[1]. Governor Bush decided to obey the court order despite enormous pressure from the political right.

When the crematoria could not keep up, bodies were burned in open pits. Once Greer was made aware of the stay, he ordered it lifted and all parties stood down. Between May and July 1944, about 438,000 Jews from Hungary were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau and the most were killed there. While the stay was in effect, Florida Department of Law Enforcement personnel prepared to take custody of Terri and transfer her to a local hospital for reinsertion of the feeding tube. The largest group of Jews deported to Auschwitz came from Hungary after Germany took control of its former ally in March 1944. The order was appealed to the 2nd DCA the following day, which resulted in an automatic stay under state law. Jews from many countries were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau to be killed: 300,000 from Poland, 69,000 from France, 60,000 from the Netherlands, 55,000 from Greece, 46,000 from Moravia, 25,000 from Belgium, as well as tens of thousands of Jews from other countries. On March 24, 2005, Greer denied a petition for intervention by the Department of Children & Families (DCF) and signed an order forbidding the department from "taking possession of Theresa Marie Schiavo or removing her" from the hospice and directed "each and every and singular sheriff of the state of Florida" to enforce his order.

An oven room, where selected camp prisoners called Sonderkommandos took out the dead bodies and burned them, was part of the same building. It suggested the Schiavo case offered "a great political issue" that would appeal to the party's base (core supporters) and could be used against Senator Bill Nelson, a Democrat from Florida who is up for reelection in 2006, because he had refused to co-sponsor the bill.^[30]. Gas chambers in crematoria IV and V were above ground and Zyklon B was poured through the special windows in the walls. The memo was written by Brian Darling, the legal counsel to Florida Republican senator Mel Martinez. Once the victims were sealed shut in the chamber, the toxic agent Zyklon B was discharged from openings in the ceiling. At the same time, the so-called Schiavo memo surfaced, causing a political firestorm. The victims were ordered to strip naked and leave their belongings in the undressing room in a location that they could subsequently remember, before being led to the adjacent gas chamber. Supreme Court declined to grant certiorari, effectively ending the Schindlers' legal options.

To avoid mass panic, the victims were told that they were going there for showering; to reinforce this impression, shower heads were fitted in the gas chamber, though never connected to a water supply. As in the state courts, all of the Schindlers' federal petitions and appeals were denied, and the U.S. Two of the crematoria (Krema II and Krema III) each had an underground undressing room and the underground gas chamber, capable of holding thousands of people. EST. Those selected for extermination were sent to any of four massive gas chamber/crematorium complexes, all at the edge of the camp. from his vacation in Texas in order to sign the bill into law at 1:11 a.m. Items such as banknotes, coins, jewellery, precious metals and diamonds were removed from "Canada" and shipped off to the Reichsbank. President Bush flew to Washington D.C.

In another section known as "Canada" (so named because Germans believed that Canada was a land of vast riches), the belongings of the arriving victims were sorted and stored, to be transferred to the German government. EST. One section of the camp was reserved for female prisoners. The bill passed the House on March 21 at 12:41 a.m. Those arriving prisoners who survived the initial selection would go on to spend some time in quarantine quarters and eventually work on the camp's maintenance or expansion or be sent to one of the surrounding satellite work camps. Governor Bush and Congressional Republicans anticipated Greer's adverse ruling well before it was delivered and worked on a daily basis to find an alternative means of overturning the legal process by utilizing the authority of the United States Congress.^[29] On March 20, 2005, the Senate (with only three members present) passed their version of the resolution, followed by the House of Representatives, a private bill which came to be called the "Palm Sunday Compromise" (S-686), transferring jurisdiction of the Schiavo case to the federal courts. Young children were taken from their mothers and placed with older women to be gassed, along with the sick, weak and old. Greer told congressional attorneys, "I have had no cogent reason why the (congressional) committee should intervene." He also stated that last-minute action by Congress does not invalidate years of court rulings.^[27][28] Although Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist, Senator Rick Santorum, and House Majority Leader Tom DeLay, brought the possibility of sanctioning Greer on charges of contempt of Congress, Congress did not attempt to enforce the subpoenas or take any action against Greer.

At other times, the Nazis would perform "selections", often administered by Josef Mengele, to the end of choosing whom to kill right away and whom to imprison as labour force or use for medical experiments. Following Greer's order on March 18, 2005 to remove the feeding tube, Republicans in the United States Congress subpoenaed both Michael and Terri Schiavo to testify at a congressional hearing.^[25] It is contempt of Congress to prevent or discourage congressional witnesses from testifying.^[26] The purpose of the subpoenas was thus to postpone the feeding tube removal. At times, the whole transport would be sent to its death immediately. The Florida Supreme Court then overturned the law as unconstitutional.^[24]. From 1944 railway tracks extended into the camp itself; before that, arriving prisoners were marched from the Auschwitz railway station to the camp. On May 5, 2004, Baird found "Terri's Law" unconstitutional, and struck it down.^[21] Bush appealed this order to the 2nd DCA, but, on May 12, they issued an "Order Relinquishing Case for Entry of Final Judgment and Order to Show Cause Why this Proceeding Should Not be Certified to the Supreme Court As Requiring Immediate Resolution."^[22] The 2nd DCA, in sending it directly to the Florida's Supreme Court, invoked "pass through" jurisdiction.^[23]. Most people arrived at the camp by rail, often after horrifying trips in cattle cars lasting several days. On March 17, Baird denied the Schindlers the right to intervene a 2nd time,^[17] and the Schindlers, represented by the conservative American Center for Law and Justice (ACLJ), appealed the right to participate in the "Terri's Law" case, with the court scheduling an oral argument ^[18] date for June 14.^[19] The Schindlers' other attorney, Pat Anderson, was concurrently challenging Michael Schiavo's right to be Terri's guardian, and, on June 16, ^[20] she made a petition for writ of Quo Warranto, a pleading that asks "by what right" someone acts in an official capacity.

Large-scale extermination started in Spring 1942. They appealed, and, on February 13, the Florida Second District Court of Appeal (2nd DCA) reversed Baird's ruling,^[16] allowing them to participate. For this purpose, the camp was equipped with four crematoria with gas chambers; each gas chamber was designed to hold up to 2,500 people at one time. Greer. The camp's main purpose, however, was not internment with forced labour (as Auschwitz I & III) but rather extermination. Douglas Baird, a Circuit Judge in the Florida 6th Circuit, the same circuit as for Judge George W. The camp held up to 100,000 prisoners at one time. At the same time, Robert and Mary Schindler, Terri's parents attempted to intervene and participate in the "Terri's Law" case but were denied by Judge W.

Fields as well as the camp itself were surrounded with barbed, electrified wire (which was used by some of the inmates to commit suicide). Michael Schiavo opposed the Governor's intervention, and was represented, in part, by the ACLU. The camp was about 2.5 kilometres by 2 kilometres (1½ mi by 1¼ mi) large and was divided into several sections, each of which was separated into fields. Bush immediately ordered the feeding tube reinserted. The camp was designed, according to the Bauhaus concept of functionalism and construction started in 1941, as part of the Final Solution (Endlösung). Earlier, in October of 2003, when the Schindlers' final appeal was exhausted, the Florida Legislature passed "Terri's Law,"^[15] giving Governor Jeb Bush the authority to intervene in the case. The camp is located in Brzezinka (Birkenau), about 3 kilometres (1.8 mi) from Auschwitz I. Congress made use of extraordinary measures to support the Schindlers.

It was the site of the imprisonment of hundreds of thousands, and the killings of over one million people, mainly Jews. Both the state government of Florida and the U.S. Auschwitz II (Birkenau) is the camp that many people know simply as "Auschwitz". Many are obviously not aware of the medical exams undertaken for the 2002 trial..." ^[14]. It was staffed by women specifically selected for the purpose, and by some volunteers from the female prisoners most of whom were raped by the Nazis. Greer noted that "[m]ost of the doctor affidavits submitted are based on their understanding of Schiavo's condition from news reports or video clips they have seen. The camp brothel, established in the summer of 1943 on Himmler's order, was located in block 24 and was used to reward privileged prisoners. Both are asking for an experimental procedure." ^[13] The following day, Greer denied the first motion as well, citing that an affiant doctor for Michael cautioned that fMRI was an experimental procedure that should be conducted in an academic setting, because Schiavo had already undergone swallowing tests and failed, and because VitalStim had only been performed on patients who were not in a PVS.

Prisoners in the camp hospital who were not quick to recover were regularly killed by a lethal injection of phenol. The same declarations are being used for both motions and the motion appears to be an alternative pleading to the [previous] motion. Josef Mengele experimented on twins in the same complex. ^[12] Judge Greer denied the second motion on March 8, saying "it has become clear that the [second] motion is part and parcel of [the previous] motion on medical evaluations. Dr. On February 28, the Schindlers filed a motion, asking for permission to attempt to provide Schiavo with "Food and Water by Natural Means." This second motion asked for permission to "attempt to feed" Schiavo by mouth. Carl Clauberg conducted sterilization experiments on Jewish women in block 10 of Auschwitz I, with the aim of developing a simple injection method to be used on the Slavic people. on Friday, March 18, 2005." ^[11].

Dr. Anderson argued that Greer did not specify "artificial nutrition and hydration" versus "oral nutrition and hydration" and stated that "the withholding of food and water...was not ordered by the Court but by Michael Schiavo." ^[10] In his order, Greer also set a time and date for the removal of the feeding tube: "1:00 p.m. From April 1943 to May 1944, the gynecologist Prof. ^{[7] [8]} Patricia Fields Anderson, the Schindler family attorney, still held out hope "that Terri might be able to take nourishment orally, despite past findings that she is incapable." ^[9] Judge Greer formally denied the motion and ordered the "removal of nutrition and hydration from the ward" . The first women arrived in the camp on March 26, 1942. The motion was accompanied by thirty-three affidavits from doctors in several specialties, speech pathologists and therapists, and a few neuropsychologists, all urging that new tests be undertaken. This gas chamber operated from 1941 to 1942 and was then converted into an air-raid shelter. On February 23, 2005, the Schindlers filed a motion for relief from judgment pending medical evaluations^[6] The Schindlers wanted Schiavo to be tested with an fMRI and given a swallowing therapy called VitalStim.

The tests deemed successful, a gas chamber and crematorium were constructed by converting a bunker. No stay was granted by the appellate courts, and on March 18, 2005, Schiavo's feeding tube was removed for a third time. The substance producing the highly-lethal cyanide gas was sold under the trade name Zyklon B, originally for use as a pesticide used to kill lice. The Schindlers filed two motions in an effort for forestall the removal of Terri's feeding tube. The first experiment was on 3 September, 1941, and it killed 600 Soviet POWs. In addressing the issue of law surrounding the case, Wolfson concluded "that the trier of fact and the evidence that served as the basis for the decisions regarding Theresa Schiavo were firmly grounded within Florida statutory and case law, which clearly and unequivocally provide for the removal of artificial nutrition in cases of persistent vegetative states.". In September 1941, the SS conducted poison gas tests in block 11, killing 850 Poles and Russians using cyanide. Of suggestions that Michael Schiavo refused to relinquish his guardianship because of financial interests or to cover up previous abuse, Wolfson reported that "there is no evidence in the record to substantiate any of these perceptions or allegations.".

Others were executed by shooting, hanging or starving. That the Schindlers would keep their daughter alive to the point of her "limbs being amputated," was not accurate according to Wolfson. Some prisoners had to spend several days in tiny cells too small to sit down. Wolfson addressed two criticisms that media attention had affixed to the Schindlers and Michael Schiavo, respectively. Block 11 of Auschwitz I was the "prison within the prison", where violations of the numerous rules were punished. In examining medical records and consultations surrounding the case, Wolfson concluded: "(that there is) well documented information that she is in a persistent vegetative state with no likelihood of improvement, and that the neurological and speech pathology evidence in the file support the contention that she cannot take oral nutrition or hydration and cannot consciously interact with her environment." He observed further that while there appeared to be agreement about Schiavo and PVS: "the Schindlers have adopted what appears to be a position that Theresa is not in a persistent vegetative state, and/or that they do not support the fact that such a medical state exists at all.". The harsh work requirements, combined with poor nutrition and hygiene, led to high death rates among the prisoners. His central finding was: "The GAL was not able to independently determine that there were consistent, repetitive, intentional, reproducible interactive and aware activities." He notes further, that when joined by her parents no success was gained in eliciting a repetitive or consistent response from Schiavo.

All inmates had to work; except in the associated arms factories, Sundays were reserved for cleaning and showering and there were no work assignments. In December, 2003, he submitted his report, referring to himself in the third person as "the GAL". The various classes of prisoners were distinguishable by special marks on their clothes; Jews were generally treated the worst. Wolfson visited Schiavo at least daily over the course of a month. The SS selected some prisoners, often German criminals, as specially privileged supervisors of the other inmates (so-called: kapo). By the start of 2005, feeding tube removal again seemed imminent and the case again began to reach a national audience. Contrary to what is depicted in several films, the majority of the Jews were imprisoned in the Auschwitz II camp, and did not pass under this sign. Throughout 2004, the legal struggle continued, but it received less publicity.

The camp's prisoners who left the camp during the day for construction or farm labour were made to march through the gate at the sounds of an orchestra. Wolfson's report did not change Michael's role as Terri's legal guardian and did not otherwise obstruct him legally. The entrance to Auschwitz I was (and still is) marked with the cynical sign "Arbeit macht frei", "Work (shall) make (you) free" (or "work liberates"). Jay Wolfson, to "deduce and represent the best wishes and best interests" of Schiavo, and report them to Governor Bush. At any time, the camp held between 13,000 and 16,000 inmates; in 1942 the number reached 20,000. Part of the legislation required the appointment of a guardian ad litem, Dr. Jews were sent to the camp as well, beginning with the very first shipment (from Tarnów). ^[5] She was then returned to the hospice.

Common German criminals, "anti-social elements" and 48 German homosexuals were also imprisoned there. She was taken to a hospital, where her feeding tube was surgically reinserted. The camp was initially used for interning Polish intellectuals and resistance movement members, then also for Soviet Prisoners of War. Bush immediately sent the Florida Department of Law Enforcement to remove Schiavo from the hospice. A group of 728 Polish political prisoners from Tarnów became the first residents of Auschwitz on June 14th that year. See "Government involvement" for additional details. It was founded on May 20, 1940, on the basis of an old Polish brick army barracks. Within a week, the Florida legislature passed and Florida Governor Jeb Bush signed "Terri's Law", enabling Bush to intervene.

Auschwitz I served as the administrative center for the whole complex. On October 15, 2003, Schiavo's feeding tube was removed. . Iyer for the January 2000 evidentiary hearing had Iyer contacted them [in 1996] as her affidavit alleges." ^[4]. A common punishment for escape attempts was death by starvation; the families of successful escapees were sometimes arrested and interned in Auschwitz and prominently displayed to deter others. Schindler would not have subpoenaed Ms. About 700 prisoners attempted to escape from the Auschwitz camps during the years of their operation, with about 300 attempts successful. and Mrs.

Chief of the women's field was handled by Johanna Langefeld, Maria Mandel and last by Elisabeth Volkenrath. Schindler...It is impossible to believe that Mr. He was hanged in 1947 in front of the entrance to the crematorium of Auschwitz I. and Mrs. Höß provided a detailed description of the camp's workings during his interrogations after the war and also in his autobiography. Iyer details what amounts to a 15-month cover-up [April 1995 through July 1996] which include the staff of Palm Garden of Largo Convalescent Center, the Guardian of the Person, the guardian ad litem, the medical professionals, the police and, believe it or not, Mr. The commandants of the camp were the SS-Obersturmbannführers Rudolf Höß (sometimes transliterated in English as "Hoess") until Summer 1943, and later Arthur Liebehenschel and Richard Baer. The exhibits relied upon by them clearly demonstrate this to be true." Regarding Iyer's statements, Greer wrote that they were "incredible to say the least" and that "Ms.

Like all Nazi concentration camps, the Auschwitz camps were operated by Heinrich Himmler's SS. It is not even a veiled or disguised attempt. The exact number of people killed in the camps is not known, but most modern estimates are around 1.1-1.5 million. Schindler to re-litigate the entire case. See List of subcamps of Auschwitz for others. and Mrs. The three main camps were:. On September 17, Judge George Greer denied the petition, and wrote that "the Petition is an attempt by Mr.

The camps were a major element in the perpetration of the Holocaust, killing around 1.1-1.5 million people, of whom over 90% were Jews. Iyer stated that standing orders were not to contact the Schindler family, but that she "would call them anyway." Iyer stated that she eventually called the police and was fired the next day. Beginning in 1940, Nazi Germany built several concentration camps and an extermination camp in the area, which at the time had been annexed by Nazi Germany. She stated that it was medically possible that Michael injected his wife with insulin in an attempt to kill her. The name is derived from the German name for the nearby Polish town of Oświęcim (pronounced [oʃˈventʃiːm]), situated about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Kraków. One of the nurses, Carla Sauer Iyer said in her affidavit that her initial training in 1996 consisted solely of the instruction, "do what Michael Schiavo tells you or you're terminated." She stated that on five different occasions, she tested Schiavo's blood sugar levels after Michael visited her, and she found that her blood sugar levels were so low it wouldn't even register a number. Auschwitz is the name loosely used to identify the largest Nazi extermination camp along with two main German concentration camps and 45-50 sub-camps. At the hearing the Schindlers' counsel read into the record additional affidavits from three speech professionals and two nurses.

Indiana University Press, 1998, pp 60-70. Gimon. Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. Alexander T. ^ Yisrael Gutman, Michael Berenbaum, Raul Hilberg, Franciszek Piper, Yehuda Baur. Accompanying the petition were four affidavits from members of the Schindler family and one from Dr. Auschwitz III (Monowitz), which served as a labor camp for the IG Farben company. The petition was denied.

Auschwitz II (Birkenau), an extermination camp and the site of the deaths of roughly 1.1 million Jews, 75,000 Poles, and some 19,000 Roma. On September 11, 2003, the Schindlers petitioned the court to forestall removal of the feeding tube to provide for "eight weeks' therapy". Auschwitz I, the original concentration camp which served as the administrative centre for the whole complex, and was the site of the deaths of roughly 70,000 people, mostly Poles and Soviet Prisoners of War. In the fall of 2002, their first child was born. In 1995, Michael began a relationship with another woman, Jodi Centonze. By the summer of 2003, Michael's pursuit of having Terri's feeding tube removed had progressed to the point where removal seemed imminent.

Pro-life groups had begun to actively come to the aid of the Schindlers and the story was receiving increasing publicity at the state level. As the legal conflict escalated to the state level, the Schindlers began to use Randall Terry as their spokesman. The Schindlers released an influential video of Terri and her mother in what appeared to be some form of interaction. They would do so again in 2005.

In March of 2000, the Schindlers filed a motion to permit oral feeding of Schiavo, which is not considered a life-prolonging procedure under Florida law. There were many legal conflicts over the next five years between Michael Schiavo and Terri's parents. The courts determined that Terri was in a persistent vegetative state from which she had little chance of ever recovering. In 1998, Michael requested that Terri's nutrition be withheld with the obvious intention that Terri's life should come to an end in the near future.

Terri's parents and, in several cases, medical administrative staff moved to opposed these measures and thus began a long and complicated legal struggle. He requested that treatment for infections be halted. In 1994, Michael Schiavo indicated that he saw no hopes for his wife's recovery, and that she would not want to continue her life under those circumstances. The Schindler's continue to present statements to the public that question this diagnosis, but the issue has not further been addressed by the courts.

Michael fought and won a malpractice suit with a large monetary award against Terri's obstetrician based on the premise that Terri had an undiagnosed eating disorder. That latter pursuit was not successful. She was diagnosed as being in persistent vegetative state and was provided with standard care for such a case and was also provided with some extraordinary procedures in pursuit of a cognitive recovery. She was fitted with a feeding tube for nutrition and hydration.

Terri Schiavo suffered a cardiac arrest at her home in 1990.
. The physician who examined her did not take a complete medical history, which might have indicated an eating disorder. At this time Schiavo's weight had dropped to 120 pounds, and she had stopped menstruating.

In 1989, the Schiavos began visiting an obstetrician and receiving fertility services and counseling in the hopes of having a child. In Florida, she worked as an insurance claims clerk for the Prudential insurance company, and Michael was a restaurant manager. Petersburg three months later. Schiavo's parents also moved to St.

Petersburg, Florida, in April 1986. They moved to St. They were married on November 10, 1984, at Our Lady of Good Counsel Church in Southampton, Pennsylvania. After dating for five months, the couple became engaged.

He was her first boyfriend. She met Michael Schiavo in 1982 in a sociology class at Bucks County Community College. She went on a NutriSystem diet and lost about 55 pounds (25 kg).^[2] She may have developed an eating disorder around this time.^[3] In 1981, she graduated from Archbishop Wood Catholic High School. By her senior year in high school, Schiavo was overweight, with a height of 5 feet, 3 inches (160 cm) and a weight of around 200 pounds (90 kg).

(Bobby) and Suzanne (now Suzanne Vitadamo). Her younger siblings were Robert Jr. Schiavo grew up in the Huntingdon Valley area of Lower Moreland Township, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, as the eldest of three children of Robert and Mary Schindler. .

She died at a Pinellas Park, Florida hospice on March 31, 2005, at the age of 41. Her feeding tube was removed a third and final time on March 18, 2005. Despite these interventions, the courts continued to find that Schiavo was in a PVS with no hope for recovery, and would want to cease life support. By March 2005, the legal history around the Schiavo case included fourteen appeals and numerous motions, petitions, and hearings in the Florida courts; five suits in Federal District Court; Florida legislation struck down by the Supreme Court of Florida; a subpoena by a congressional committee in an attempt to qualify Schiavo for "witness protection"; federal legislation (Palm Sunday Compromise); and four denials of certiorari from the Supreme Court of the United States.^[1].

By 2003, the matter, while still local to Florida, had received some national attention. The courts consistently found that Schiavo was in a PVS and had made credible statements that she would not wish to be kept alive on a machine. Beginning in 1998, Terri's husband and guardian Michael Schiavo petitioned the courts to remove the gastric feeding tube keeping Schiavo alive; Schiavo's parents Robert and Mary Schindler fought a series of legal battles opposing Michael. Within three years, she was diagnosed as being in a persistent vegetative state (PVS) with little chance of recovery.

She remained in a coma for ten weeks. Schiavo experienced cardiac arrest due to a potassium imbalance and collapsed in her home in 1990, incurring massive brain damage. Petersburg, Florida whose medical circumstances and attendant legal battles fueled significant media attention and led to several high-profile court decisions and involvement by politicians and interest groups. Theresa Marie "Terri" Schiavo (December 3, 1963 – March 31, 2005) was a woman from St.

"Schiavo abuse claims were old," Saint Petersburg Times, June 4, 2005 link. ^ Tisch, Chris and Krueger, Curtis. "Statement from Gloria Allred, Attorney-at-Law, Representing Robert Herring, Sr.:," Christian Wire Service, March 10, 2005 link. ^ Allred, Gloria, Esq.

"Money Trail in the Schiavo Case: Bioethics for Sale?," The Daily Kos, March 22, 2005 link. ^ Zúniga, Markos Moulitsas. "A REPORT TO GOVERNOR JEB BUSH AND THE 6TH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT IN THE MATTER OF THERESA MARIE SCHIAVO," Abstract Appeal Legal Blog, December 1, 2003 link. ^ Wolfson, Jay, DrPH, JD.

6th Judicial Circuit, February 11, 2000 link. 90-2908GD-003, Fla. "IN RE: THE GUARDIANSHIP OF THERESA MARIE SCHIAVO, Incapacitated," File No. ^ Greer, George W., Circuit Judge.

"Docs Remove Terri Schiavo's Feeding Tube: Tube Was Scheduled To Be Removed Friday," CBS 2 Chicago, WBBM-TV, March 17, 2005 link. ^ An Unsigned News Story. House of Representatives, March 18, 2005 link. "SUBPOENA," Committee on Government Reform, U.S.

6th Judicial Circuit, May 5, 2005 link. 03-008212-CI-20, Fla. Jeb BUSH, Governor of the State of Florida, and Charlie Crist, Attorney General of the State of Florida, Respondents," Case No. "Michael SCHIAVO, as Guardian of the person of Theresa Marie Schiavo, Petitioner, v.

Minnesota Governor's Council on Developmental Disabilities, March 17, 2004 link. "Judge Baird Again Denies Schindlers' Request To Intervene In "Terri's Law" Case," Fla. ^ Reynolds, Dave, Inclusion Daily Express. MICHAEL SCHIAVO, as Guardian of the person of THERESA MARIE SCHIAVO, Appellee," Case Number: 2D03-5200, Florida Second District Court of Appeal, February 13, 2004 link.

^ State of Florida. 6th Judicial Circuit, March 9, 2005 link. 90-2908-GD-003, Fla. ROBERT SCHINDLER and MARY SCHINDLER, Respondents," File No.

MICHAEL SCHIAVO, Petitioner, vs. "IN RE: THE GUARDIANSHIP OF THERESA MARIE SCHIAVO, Incapacitated. ^ Greer, George W., Circuit Judge. 6th Judicial Circuit, March 8, 2005 link.

90-2908-GD-003, Fla. ROBERT SCHINDLER and MARY SCHINDLER, Respondents," File No. MICHAEL SCHIAVO, Petitioner, vs. "IN RE: THE GUARDIANSHIP OF THERESA MARIE SCHIAVO, Incapacitated.

^ Greer, George W., Circuit Judge. "EMERGENCY EXPEDITED MOTION FOR PERMISSION TO PROVIDE THERESA SCHIAVO WITH FOOD AND WATER BY NATURAL MEANS," File Number: 90-2908GD-003, February 27, 2005 link. ^ Gibbs, David C., III, Esq. 6th Judicial Circuit, February 25, 2005 link.

90-2908-GD-003, Fla. ROBERT SCHINDLER and MARY SCHINDLER, Respondents," File No. MICHAEL SCHIAVO, Petitioner, vs. "IN RE: THE GUARDIANSHIP OF THERESA MARIE SCHIAVO, Incapacitated.

^ Troxler, Howard. "On Face the Nation, Family Research Council's Perkins misrepresented Schindler family's 33 affidavits calling for more medical treatment for Terri Schiavo," Media Matters for America, March 28, 2005 link. ^ An Unsigned Editorial. 6th Judicial Circuit, March 9, 2005 link.

90-2908-GD-003, Fla. ROBERT SCHINDLER and MARY SCHINDLER, Respondents," File No. MICHAEL SCHIAVO, Petitioner, vs. "IN RE: THE GUARDIANSHIP OF THERESA MARIE SCHIAVO, Incapacitated.

^ Bury, Chris. 6th Judicial Circuit, September 17, 2003 link. 90-2908GD-003, Fla. ROBERT SCHINDLER and MARY SCHINDLER, Respondents," File No.