XTC

For the drug, see Ecstasy. For the energy drink, see XTC (drink).

XTC is an innovative new wave band from Swindon, UK. They are considered the forefathers of the Britpop movement of the 1980s and are one of the most influential bands still working today. (The name of the band predates the use of "XTC" as a drug term.)

A short history

First coming together in 1972, the core duo of Andy Partridge (guitars, vocals) and Colin Moulding (bass, vocals) went through various band names and personnel changes over the next five years as they built up their unique brand of hyperactive pop spiked with funk, punk, ska, reggae, and art rock.

By the time of the punk explosion in 1977, the group's lineup had been filled out by Barry Andrews (keyboards) and Terry Chambers (drums), and the band got picked up by Virgin Records. They recorded the 3D EP later that year, and followed it up with White Music in January 1978.

After their second effort, Go2, Andrews left and was replaced by guitarist Dave Gregory. Andrews went on to form Shriekback and he also worked with Robert Fripp's League of Gentlemen.

The loss of Andrews' keyboard madness started the band on a path towards more traditional guitar power-pop, although Gregory also contributed occasional keyboards (and later, string arrangements). The resulting album, Drums and Wires, produced the band's first big hit, "Making Plans for Nigel", which caused a minor controversy because of its lyrical reference to British Steel. It also saw them finding the basis of a new sound for the group and marked their first sessions at London's celebrated Townhouse Studios. The studio was at the time much sought after for its highly reverberant "live" drum room, and it was greatly favoured by their producer of the time, Steve Lillywhite and his engineer Hugh Padgham, who also recorded successful albums there with Peter Gabriel and Kate Bush.

Their 1980 LP, Black Sea, saw the band's new sound and style come together with superb results. The album showcased a flawless set of classic power-pop that included enduring XTC favourites including "Rocket From A Bottle," "No Language In Our Lungs," and "Towers Of London"; the strong material was greatly enhanced by more superb production and engineering by Lillywhite and Padgham.

Other hits from this era include the non-LP single "Life Begins at the Hop" and singles lifted from Black Sea--"Sgt. Rock (Is Going to Help Me)" and "Generals & Majors." The promotional clip for the latter single (written by Colin Moulding) features an cameo appearance by the then owner of Virgin Records, Richard Branson.

XTC's last major hit in the touring phase of their career was "Senses Working Overtime," the first single from their brilliant double album English Settlement and a Top 20 hit in the UK in 1982. Just after its release and at the peak of their popularity, the band embarked on a major tour, but Partridge suffered a breakdown on stage during one of the first concerts of the tour in Paris on March 18, 1982.

The breakdown, accompanied by uncontrollable stage fright, was reportedly precipitated by Partridge's wife throwing away his supply of Valium. According to the band's biography, Andy had become dependent upon the drug after it was prescribed to him as a teenager during his parents' divorce, but it had never been withdrawn. Concerned about her husband's dependence on the drug, his wife ill-advisedly threw his tablets away just before the concert without seeking medical advice -- the result was, not surprisingly, anxiety attacks of such severity that it soon forced Partridge to withdraw from touring permanently. The European and British dates were cancelled and after one show in San Diego the whole US leg was also abandoned. Since then, XTC has been almost exclusively a studio band, although they have given occasional live-to-air performances from radio stations.

Chambers left the band shortly thereafter, unhappy with the confines of the studio, and also feeling the loss of income that resulted from their withdrawal from touring--he did not write, and so received no publishing royalties. Another major factor was his burgeoning relationship with his Australian girlfriend--they subsequently married and Chambers migrated to Australia and settled in Newcastle, New South Wales. Rather than finding a replacement, XTC has used a series of session drummers over the years, including Peter Phipps, Prairie Prince, Dave Mattacks, Pat Mastelotto, Chuck Sabo, and Dave Gregory's brother, Ian Gregory (as "E.I.E.I. Owen").

In 1986, the band travelled to Todd Rundgren's studio-in-the-woods in Woodstock, New York to record what many consider to be the best album of their career, Skylarking. Although the pairing of XTC and Rundgren was highly anticipated by fans, the sessions were less than enjoyable for the band. Rundgren had insisted that the band send him, in advance, demos of all the songs that they thought they might tackle for the record. When the band got to Woodstock, Rundgren had already worked out a running order for both the recording and sequence of the album itself. True to his "hands-on" studio production style, Rundgren insisted that everyone adhere to his scheme. This did not sit well with the band, Partridge in particular. The two egos of Rundgren and Partridge clashed frequently during the recording of Skylarking and when it was finished Partridge said that he was not at all happy with the resulting product. Partridge has since softened his view, describing the album as "a summer's day baked into one cake."

Skylarking revived the band's commercial fortunes, earning critical accolades and spawning the controversial hit "Dear God", which was originally issued as the B-side of the album's first single, "Grass." Interest in the song saw the album re-pressed with "Dear God" included and the new version of the LP sold 250,000 copies in the USA. ("Dear God" replaced "Mermaid Smiled", which was absent from the album until it was finally reinstated for the remastered "Skylarking" CD in 2000.)

The band's followup, Oranges & Lemons, was their biggest seller yet, with "Mayor of Simpleton" and "King for a Day" getting heavy airplay on MTV.

During their long career, XTC have also released material under a variety of pseudonyms, including two albums of psychedelic parodies as "The Dukes of Stratosphear" (released on a single CD, Chips from the Chocolate Fireball, simultaneous with the second album's vinyl release), a Viz comics promotional single as "Johnny Japes and his Jesticles," a Christmas-themed single as "The Three Wise Men" and a guest appearance on their own tribute album Testimonial Dinner as "Terry and the Lovemen." In 1979 Partridge also released a solo album of radical dub-oriented remixes of material from the Drums + Wires LP, credited to "Mr Partridge" and titled Takeaway: The Lure Of Salvage.

Their 1992 album, Nonsuch, (named after Henry VIII's fabled palace) united them with famed UK producer Gus Dudgeon and drummer Dave Mattacks, but soon after its release a contractual dispute with their label, Virgin Records, saw XTC go "on strike" from 1992 through 1998, finally resulting in the termination of their contract. They issued no new material during this time, although two compilations were released: Upsy Daisy Assortment and the 2-CD set Fossil Fuel: The XTC Singles Collection, which featured remastered versions of their singles, including many tracks not issued on CD before.

Management and contractual problems had dogged the band throughout their career, and around the time of the recording of Nonsuch they had to make a legal settlement with their former manager; although most fans assume that there was some financial impropriety involved, the terms of the settlement imposed a "gag" on the band and have prevented them from speaking publicly about the matter.

The final straw for the band was Virgin's scuttling of their 1992 single "Wrapped in Grey", which was pressed up in the tens of thousands, and then recalled and destroyed by the label. The band asked that Virgin either allow them to re-negotiate their contract or release them, but the label stalled for years until finally agreeing to released them after a change of management at the company.

After leaving Virgin, Partridge had their accounts audited and it was discovered that the company had withheld substantial royalty payments from them. The settlement of the accounts provided the group with much-needed cash flow, allowing Partridge and Moulding to install fully-equipped studios and work comfortably at home; they are now able to record the majority of their work themselves, although they have used major commercial studios (including Abbey Road Studios in London) for some sessions.

Finally released from Virgin, they formed their own label, Idea Records. Dave Gregory left the band during the recording of the 1999 album Apple Venus Volume 1 after contributing to a few tracks, leaving just Partridge and Moulding in the group.

Now in control of their own work and with their own small studio, they have released instrumental and demo versions of their first two albums on Idea, Apple Venus and Wasp Star (Apple Venus Volume 2). Having left Virgin, relations have improved and Andy Partridge is releasing a series of albums of "demos" of his songs (mainly from the Virgin years) under the title of Fuzzy Warbles, on a new label imprint APE (Andy Partridge Experiments). Colin Moulding declined to contribute his demos to the series.

A boxed CD compilation, Coat of Many Cupboards, was released in 2002.

Discography

Major albums

  • White Music (1978)
  • Go 2 (1978)
  • Drums And Wires (1979)
  • Black Sea (1980)
  • English Settlement (1982)
  • Mummer (1983)
  • The Big Express (1984)
  • Skylarking (1986)
  • Oranges and Lemons (album) (1989)
  • Rag and Bone Buffet (1991)
  • Nonsuch (1992)
  • Fossil Fuel: The Singles (1992)
  • Apple Venus Volume 1 (1999)
  • Homespun (1999)
  • Wasp Star (Apple Venus Volume 2) (2000)
  • Homegrown (2001)
  • Coat of Many Cupboards (2002)
  • Tunes to Help You Breathe More Easily (Recording rumoured to be in progress. Scheduled release date unknown).

Major EPs

  • 3D (1977)

Albums as The Dukes of Stratosphear

  • 25 O'Clock (vinyl only 12" EP, 1985)
  • Psonic Psunspot (vinyl only, 1987)
  • both of the above compiled as: Chips from the Chocolate Fireball (CD only, 1987)

Other notes

They were mentioned in "XTC vs. Adam Ant," an ironic tribute by They Might Be Giants, but did not appear on the track.

The XTC tribute album A Testimonial Dinner was released in 1995. One track, "The Good Things," attributed to Terry and the Lovemen, was actually XTC themselves, using yet another pseudonym.

Related artists and collaborations

  • The following artists have worked with members of XTC:
    • Joan Armatrading
    • Peter Blegvad
    • Harold Budd
    • Captain Sensible
    • Thomas Dolby
    • Peter Gabriel
    • Steve Lillywhite
    • Aimee Mann
    • Martin Newell
    • Todd Rundgren
    • Hugh Padgham
    • Ryuichi Sakamoto
    • Saeko Suzuki
    • Jennifer Trynin
    • David Yazbek
  • The following bands have worked with members of XTC:
    • L'Affaire Louis Trio
    • The Lilac Time
    • The Residents
    • The Woodentops
    • Voice of the Beehive

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One track, "The Good Things," attributed to Terry and the Lovemen, was actually XTC themselves, using yet another pseudonym. Eighth Army: Korea. The XTC tribute album A Testimonial Dinner was released in 1995. Seventh Army: United States Army Europe. Adam Ant," an ironic tribute by They Might Be Giants, but did not appear on the track. Fifth Army (Reserve). They were mentioned in "XTC vs. Third Army: Army Central Command (ARCENT).

A boxed CD compilation, Coat of Many Cupboards, was released in 2002. First Army "First In Deed" (Reserve). Colin Moulding declined to contribute his demos to the series. Three star positions in the Army include some deputy commanders of the regional commands, heads of the army sections of those commands, and the general officers commanding of corps. Having left Virgin, relations have improved and Andy Partridge is releasing a series of albums of "demos" of his songs (mainly from the Virgin years) under the title of Fuzzy Warbles, on a new label imprint APE (Andy Partridge Experiments). Central Command. Now in control of their own work and with their own small studio, they have released instrumental and demo versions of their first two albums on Idea, Apple Venus and Wasp Star (Apple Venus Volume 2). An example is General John Abizaid, the commander of U.S.

Finally released from Virgin, they formed their own label, Idea Records. Dave Gregory left the band during the recording of the 1999 album Apple Venus Volume 1 after contributing to a few tracks, leaving just Partridge and Moulding in the group. The most senior Army generals who are directly in the chain of command are those who head up the regional joint commands, known as the Combatent Commanders (COCOM's), around the world. The settlement of the accounts provided the group with much-needed cash flow, allowing Partridge and Moulding to install fully-equipped studios and work comfortably at home; they are now able to record the majority of their work themselves, although they have used major commercial studios (including Abbey Road Studios in London) for some sessions. Schoomaker. After leaving Virgin, Partridge had their accounts audited and it was discovered that the company had withheld substantial royalty payments from them. The current Army Chief of Staff is General Peter J. The band asked that Virgin either allow them to re-negotiate their contract or release them, but the label stalled for years until finally agreeing to released them after a change of management at the company. His function is administrative and policy making.

The final straw for the band was Virgin's scuttling of their 1992 single "Wrapped in Grey", which was pressed up in the tens of thousands, and then recalled and destroyed by the label. As with the other members of that committee, the Army Chief of Staff is not in the direct chain of command. Management and contractual problems had dogged the band throughout their career, and around the time of the recording of Nonsuch they had to make a legal settlement with their former manager; although most fans assume that there was some financial impropriety involved, the terms of the settlement imposed a "gag" on the band and have prevented them from speaking publicly about the matter. This position is filled by a four star general who sits on the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. They issued no new material during this time, although two compilations were released: Upsy Daisy Assortment and the 2-CD set Fossil Fuel: The XTC Singles Collection, which featured remastered versions of their singles, including many tracks not issued on CD before. The professional head of the United States Army is the Army Chief of Staff. Their 1992 album, Nonsuch, (named after Henry VIII's fabled palace) united them with famed UK producer Gus Dudgeon and drummer Dave Mattacks, but soon after its release a contractual dispute with their label, Virgin Records, saw XTC go "on strike" from 1992 through 1998, finally resulting in the termination of their contract. The civilian executive is the Secretary of the Army who heads the United States Department of the Army, formerly called the Secretary of War who headed the United States Department of War or the War Office for short, at the founding of the Republic.
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During their long career, XTC have also released material under a variety of pseudonyms, including two albums of psychedelic parodies as "The Dukes of Stratosphear" (released on a single CD, Chips from the Chocolate Fireball, simultaneous with the second album's vinyl release), a Viz comics promotional single as "Johnny Japes and his Jesticles," a Christmas-themed single as "The Three Wise Men" and a guest appearance on their own tribute album Testimonial Dinner as "Terry and the Lovemen." In 1979 Partridge also released a solo album of radical dub-oriented remixes of material from the Drums + Wires LP, credited to "Mr Partridge" and titled Takeaway: The Lure Of Salvage. All members of the Army must take an oath upon being sworn in as members, swearing (or affirming) to "protect the Constitution of the United States from all enemies, both foreign and domestic." This emphasis on the defense of the United States Constitution illustrates the concern of the framers that the military be subordinate to legitimate civilian authority. The band's followup, Oranges & Lemons, was their biggest seller yet, with "Mayor of Simpleton" and "King for a Day" getting heavy airplay on MTV. Training for enlisted soldiers usually consists of Basic Training, and Advanced Individual Training in their primary Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) at any of the numerous MOS training facilities around the world. ("Dear God" replaced "Mermaid Smiled", which was absent from the album until it was finally reinstated for the remastered "Skylarking" CD in 2000.). The lowest enlisted ranks are:. Skylarking revived the band's commercial fortunes, earning critical accolades and spawning the controversial hit "Dear God", which was originally issued as the B-side of the album's first single, "Grass." Interest in the song saw the album re-pressed with "Dear God" included and the new version of the LP sold 250,000 copies in the USA. and UK has begun to emphasize the "strategic corporal," recognizing that combat decision-making by NCOs is potentially of vast importance.

Partridge has since softened his view, describing the album as "a summer's day baked into one cake.". Current military theory in the U.S. The two egos of Rundgren and Partridge clashed frequently during the recording of Skylarking and when it was finished Partridge said that he was not at all happy with the resulting product. Until relatively recent history, most countries depended upon their officer corps to micromanage strategy, tactics and virtually every other aspect of military operations. This did not sit well with the band, Partridge in particular. Training for NCOs takes place at any of the various NCO training centers around the world. True to his "hands-on" studio production style, Rundgren insisted that everyone adhere to his scheme. The Non-Commissioned Officer Corps (or NCO Corps) is the first line of leadership for the enlisted members of the Army, and includes the ranks of.

When the band got to Woodstock, Rundgren had already worked out a running order for both the recording and sequence of the album itself. Army Warrant Officer Candidate School at Fort Rucker, Alabama. Rundgren had insisted that the band send him, in advance, demos of all the songs that they thought they might tackle for the record. The primary source for Warrant Officers is the U.S. Although the pairing of XTC and Rundgren was highly anticipated by fans, the sessions were less than enjoyable for the band. The warrant officer is managed as a company grade officer, but receives limited field grade privilege upon promotion to Chief Warrant Officer Four (CW4). In 1986, the band travelled to Todd Rundgren's studio-in-the-woods in Woodstock, New York to record what many consider to be the best album of their career, Skylarking. Initially appointed an officer by the Secretary of the Army via a warrant, he/she is commissioned by the President upon promotion to the rank of Chief Warrant Officer Two (CW2).

Owen"). The Warrant Officer is a single track specialty officer. Rather than finding a replacement, XTC has used a series of session drummers over the years, including Peter Phipps, Prairie Prince, Dave Mattacks, Pat Mastelotto, Chuck Sabo, and Dave Gregory's brother, Ian Gregory (as "E.I.E.I. Professional education is required for promotion at certain grades. Another major factor was his burgeoning relationship with his Australian girlfriend--they subsequently married and Chambers migrated to Australia and settled in Newcastle, New South Wales. Once commissioned, an officer attends several levels of professional education, starting with branch qualification in their respective branch and concluding in Command and General Staff College at Fort_Leavenworth, Kansas. Chambers left the band shortly thereafter, unhappy with the confines of the studio, and also feeling the loss of income that resulted from their withdrawal from touring--he did not write, and so received no publishing royalties. Commissioned officers are assigned to a branch of service until they reach the rank of Brigadier General, where it is assumed that they are competent to command soldiers of all branches.

Since then, XTC has been almost exclusively a studio band, although they have given occasional live-to-air performances from radio stations. Upon attaining the rank of Major, they can be appointed into the Regular Army by the President with the advice and consent of the United States Senate [1] (http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/10/531.html). The European and British dates were cancelled and after one show in San Diego the whole US leg was also abandoned. All newly commissioned officers receive a commission as a reserve officer. Concerned about her husband's dependence on the drug, his wife ill-advisedly threw his tablets away just before the concert without seeking medical advice -- the result was, not surprisingly, anxiety attacks of such severity that it soon forced Partridge to withdraw from touring permanently. Officers receive a commission assigning them to the Officer Corps from the President. The breakdown, accompanied by uncontrollable stage fright, was reportedly precipitated by Partridge's wife throwing away his supply of Valium. According to the band's biography, Andy had become dependent upon the drug after it was prescribed to him as a teenager during his parents' divorce, but it had never been withdrawn. There are several sources of commissioned officers:.

Just after its release and at the peak of their popularity, the band embarked on a major tour, but Partridge suffered a breakdown on stage during one of the first concerts of the tour in Paris on March 18, 1982. The Officer Corps provides leadership and managerial functions, and is composed of. XTC's last major hit in the touring phase of their career was "Senses Working Overtime," the first single from their brilliant double album English Settlement and a Top 20 hit in the UK in 1982. Comparison of ranking structure available at Ranks and Insignia of NATO. Other hits from this era include the non-LP single "Life Begins at the Hop" and singles lifted from Black Sea--"Sgt. Rock (Is Going to Help Me)" and "Generals & Majors." The promotional clip for the latter single (written by Colin Moulding) features an cameo appearance by the then owner of Virgin Records, Richard Branson. Army officer rank insignia.. The album showcased a flawless set of classic power-pop that included enduring XTC favourites including "Rocket From A Bottle," "No Language In Our Lungs," and "Towers Of London"; the strong material was greatly enhanced by more superb production and engineering by Lillywhite and Padgham. See also U.S.

Their 1980 LP, Black Sea, saw the band's new sound and style come together with superb results.

. The studio was at the time much sought after for its highly reverberant "live" drum room, and it was greatly favoured by their producer of the time, Steve Lillywhite and his engineer Hugh Padgham, who also recorded successful albums there with Peter Gabriel and Kate Bush. Combat Service Support troops include the Judge Advocate General's Corps, Adjutant General's Corps, Finance Corps, Transportation Corps, Quartermaster Corps, Ordnance Corps, Medical Corps, Medical Service Corps, and Nurse Corps. It also saw them finding the basis of a new sound for the group and marked their first sessions at London's celebrated Townhouse Studios. Combat Support Arms include Signal Corps, Intelligence Corps, Chemical Corps, and Military Police Corps. The resulting album, Drums and Wires, produced the band's first big hit, "Making Plans for Nigel", which caused a minor controversy because of its lyrical reference to British Steel. Combat Arms include Infantry, Armor, Field Artillery, Air defense artillery, Army Corps of Engineers, Army Aviation, and Special Forces.

The loss of Andrews' keyboard madness started the band on a path towards more traditional guitar power-pop, although Gregory also contributed occasional keyboards (and later, string arrangements). The Army is organized by function. Andrews went on to form Shriekback and he also worked with Robert Fripp's League of Gentlemen. Army is divided into the following components, from largest to smallest:. After their second effort, Go2, Andrews left and was replaced by guitarist Dave Gregory. The U.S. By the time of the punk explosion in 1977, the group's lineup had been filled out by Barry Andrews (keyboards) and Terry Chambers (drums), and the band got picked up by Virgin Records. They recorded the 3D EP later that year, and followed it up with White Music in January 1978. Army is called a Soldier (always capitalized).

First coming together in 1972, the core duo of Andy Partridge (guitars, vocals) and Colin Moulding (bass, vocals) went through various band names and personnel changes over the next five years as they built up their unique brand of hyperactive pop spiked with funk, punk, ska, reggae, and art rock. Officially, a member of the U.S. (The name of the band predates the use of "XTC" as a drug term.). A similar event, albeit in a foriegn country, occurred during World War II when Nazi Germany activiated the Volkssturm in April and May of 1945. They are considered the forefathers of the Britpop movement of the 1980s and are one of the most influential bands still working today. The last time an approximation of this occurred was during the American Civil War when the Confederate States of America activated the "Home Guard" in 1865, drafting all males, regardless of age or health, into the Confederate Army. XTC is an innovative new wave band from Swindon, UK. Army.

For the energy drink, see XTC (drink).. The final stage of Army mobilization, known as "activiation of the unorganized militia" would effectively place all able bodied males in the service of the U.S. For the drug, see Ecstasy. The current "call-up" order of the United States Army is as follows:. Voice of the Beehive. Although the present day Army exists as an all volunteer force, augmented by Reserve and National Guard forces, measures exist for emergency expansion in the event of a catestrophic occurrence, such as a large scale attack against the US or the outbreak of a major global war. The Woodentops. Federal and state lawmakers, however, have asserted that no such action is being planned.

The Residents. citizens have been concerned regarding a reinstution of the draft (conscription) force. The Lilac Time. With recent manpower shortages in the military, some U.S. L'Affaire Louis Trio. Reserve and Guard units took part in the Gulf War, peacekeeping in Kosovo, and the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The following bands have worked with members of XTC:

    . By design, the use of the Army Reserve and National Guard has increased since the Vietnam War.

    David Yazbek. Army and are seen as state government agencies rather than a component of the military. Jennifer Trynin. Except in times of extreme national emergency, such as a mainland invasion of the United States, State Militias are operated independently from the U.S. Saeko Suzuki. Various State Defense Forces also exist, sometimes known as State Militias, which are sponsered by individual state governments and serve as an auxiliary to the National Guard. Ryuichi Sakamoto. In the modern age, all National Guard members hold dual status: as Guardsmen under the authority of the State Adjutant General, and as Army Reservists under the authority of the Army Human Resources Command.

    Hugh Padgham. Prior to the 21st century, members of the National Guard were considered state employees only unless federalized by the Army in which case National Guard members became members of the Army Reserve. Todd Rundgren. The United States National Guard is an armed force under the command of state governments. Martin Newell. In the modern age, the Army is divided into the Regular Army and the Army Reserve. Aimee Mann. After World War II, the ORC and ERC were combined into the United States Army Reserve. The Army of the United States continued throughout the Korean War and Vietnam War and was discontinued upon the abolishment of the draft.

    Steve Lillywhite. The Regular Army, Army of the United States, and Officer/Enlisted Reserve Corps (ORC and ERC) existed simultaneously giving rise to the first concept of Army components. Peter Gabriel. In 1941, the "Army of the United States" was founded to fight the Second World War. Thomas Dolby. During the First World War, the "National Army" was founded to fight the conflict. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed. Captain Sensible. Prior to 1918, the Army was a single entity known as the "United States Army".

    Harold Budd. The Army was formed on June 14, 1775, before the establishment of the United States, to meet the demands of the American Revolutionary War. Peter Blegvad. As of fiscal year 2002 (FY02), it consisted of 480,000 soldiers on active duty and 555,000 in reserve (350,000 in the Army National Guard (ARNG) and 205,000 in the Army Reserve (USAR). Joan Armatrading. The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. The following artists have worked with members of XTC:

      . Military badges of the United States.

      both of the above compiled as: Chips from the Chocolate Fireball (CD only, 1987). Awards and decorations of the United States military. Psonic Psunspot (vinyl only, 1987). A Specialist ranks below a corporal in terms of chain of command. 25 O'Clock (vinyl only 12" EP, 1985). and Specialist (SPC; pay grade E-4) (which is the same Enlisted Grade as Corporal, but which requires technical leadership skills, as opposed to the combat leadership skills required of corporal -a dark green patch with an eagle centered). 3D (1977). Private First Class (PFC; pay grade E-3) (one stripe up and a curved stripe (a rocker below)),.

      Tunes to Help You Breathe More Easily (Recording rumoured to be in progress. Scheduled release date unknown). Private Enlisted Grade 2 (PV2; pay grade E-2) (one chevron pointing up),. Coat of Many Cupboards (2002). Private (PV1; pay grade E-1) (no rank insignia),. Homegrown (2001). and Sergeant Major of the Army (of whom there is only one, and who advises the Chief of Staff of the Army on matters relating to enlisted personnel - three stripes up and three down with a centered eagle accompanied with two stars). Wasp Star (Apple Venus Volume 2) (2000). Command Sergeant Major (CSM; pay grade E-9) (three stripes up and three down with a wreathed star in the center).

      Homespun (1999). Sergeant Major (SGM; pay grade E-9) (three stripes up and three down with a star in the center),. Apple Venus Volume 1 (1999). First Sergeant (1SG; pay grade E-8) (which holds the same enlisted pay grade as Master Sergeant, but which carries extra administrative duties - three stripes up and three down with a lozenge in the center),. Fossil Fuel: The Singles (1992). Master Sergeant (MSG; pay grade E-8) (three stripes up and three down),. Nonsuch (1992). Sergeant First Class (SFC; pay grade E-7)(three stripes up and two down),.

      Rag and Bone Buffet (1991). Staff Sergeant (SSG; pay grade E-6)(three stripes up and one down),. Oranges and Lemons (album) (1989). Sergeant (SGT; pay grade E-5)(three stripes up),. Skylarking (1986). Corporal (CPL; pay grade E-4) (two stripes up),. The Big Express (1984). Enlisted soldiers may also be battlefield commissioned for valor and leadership during actual combat, Audie Murphy received his commission in this manner.

      Mummer (1983). Lawyers, doctors, nurses, veterinarians, and chaplains may be directly commissioned into their respective corps. English Settlement (1982). College graduates who underwent Army Reserve Officer Training Corps courses at a four-year university. Black Sea (1980). Enlisted soldiers or College graduates who successfully pass Officer Candidate School (OCS). Drums And Wires (1979). Graduates of other military academies of the United States may elect to be commissioned in the Army.

      Go 2 (1978). The United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. White Music (1978). Pershing. Held only by George Washington and John J. General of the Armies - No established insignia.

      After World War II a rank comprised of five stars in a pentagon. General of the Army - In the 19th century, a title held by the Commander of the Army. General (GEN; pay grade O-10) - four stars. Lieutenant General (LTG; pay grade O-9) - three stars,.

      Major General (MG; pay grade O-8) - two stars,. Brigadier General (BG; pay grade O-7) - one star,. and General officers

        . Colonel (COL; pay grade O-6) - silver eagle,.

        Lieutenant Colonel (LTC; pay grade O-5) - silver oak leaf,. Major (MAJ; pay grade O-4) - gold oak leaf,. Field Grade officers

          . Captain (CPT; pay grade O-3) - two silver bars,.

          First Lieutenant (1LT; pay grade O-2) - silver bar,. Second Lieutenant (2LT; pay grade O-1) - gold bar,. Company Grade officers

            . Fire team leaders are often Corporal/E-4 (CPL).

            Fire team: Usually consists of four Soldiers: a fire team leader, a grenadier, and two riflemen. This unit consists of eight to ten Soldiers. Squad: Squad leaders are often Staff Sergeants/E-6 (SSG), Sergeants/E-5 (SGT), or Corporals/E-4 (CPL). Often used in conjunction with platoons at the company level.

            Section: Usually directed by Staff Sergeants/E-6 (SSG) who supply guidance for junior NCO Squad leaders. This unit consists of a Platoon Leader (2LT/1LT), a Platoon Sergeant (SFC), and two or more Squad Leaders (any NCO). Platoon: Usually led by a lieutenant supported by a Sergeant First Class/E-7 (SFC). This unit consists of a Company Commander (CO, CPT), a Company Executive Officer (XO,1LT), A First Sergeant(1SG) and a headquarters, Two or more Platoon Leaders (2LT/1LT), two or more Platoon Sergeants (SFC), and four or more Squad Leaders (any NCO).

            A company-sized unit is usually led by a Company Commander usually the rank of Captain/O-3 (CPT) supported by a First Sergeant/E-8 (1SG). Cavalry units are formed into troops. Company (or battery/troop): Artillery units are formed into batteries. This unit consists of a Battalion Commander (CO, LTC), a Battalion Executive Officer (XO,MAJ), a Command Sergeant Major (CSM) and headquarters, 3-5 Company Commanders (CPT), 3-5 Company Executive Officers (1LT), 3-5 First Sergeants (1SG) and headquarters, 6 or more Platoon Leaders (2LT/1LT), 6 or more Platoon sergeants (SFC),and 12 or more Squad Leaders (any NCO).

            A battalion-sized unit is commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel (LTC), supported by a Command Sergeant Major/E-9 (CSM). Cavalry units are formed into squadrons. Battalion (or squadron): Most units are organized into battalions. (See Regiment for combat arms units.).

            Brigade (or group): Composed of typically three or more battalions, and commanded by a Colonel (COL) or Brigadier General. Division: Usually commanded by a Major General (MG). The commander is most often a Lieutenant General (LTG). Corps: Consists of two or more divisions and organic support brigades.

            Field Army: Usually commanded by a General (GEN; note that abbreviations of military rank are given in all capital letters without a period or other punctuation). militia. Full scale mobilization of the unorganized U.S. Activation of the State Defense Forces/State Militias.

            Recall of previously discharged officers and enlisted who were separated under honorable conditions. Reestablishment of the draft and creation of a conscript force within the Regular Army. Recall of all retired personnel fit for military duty. Full scale activiation of all National Guard forces.

            Army Reserve total mobilization. Regular Army volunteer force.