X


X is the twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet. It is also the form of St Andrew's Cross.

/ks/ was in Ancient Greece written as Chi 'Χ' (Western Greek) or Xi 'Ξ' (Eastern Greek). In the end, Chi was standardized as /k_h/ (/x/ in Modern Greek) as well as Xi for /ks/. But the Etruscans took over X from older Western Greek, therefore, it stood for /ks/ in Etruscan and /ks/ and /gs/ [gz] in Latin. Only in Kurdish, Azeri, Uzbek, Tatar and Lojban as well as the IPA and SAMPA (the latter is used here) is X pronounced [x] (as in German Bach). Some scholars claim that Latin X is not identical with Greek Χ.

It is also controversial whether Psi, Chi (Khi) and Xi are Greek inventions or whether they are ultimately of Semitic origin.

The letter X is not used in the Italian language, except for words borrowed from other languages, or names of foreigners. No words in the Basic English vocabulary begin with X, but it occurs in words beginning with other letters.

The letter X is spoken as X-ray in the NATO phonetic alphabet.

Meanings for X

  • In a general sense, X represents an unknown or secret, as in project X or mister X.
  • Members of the Nation of Islam change their surnames to "X" to symbolize that their African names were lost in slavery, an example is Malcolm X.
  • In aeronautics, X is the designation given to an experimental aircraft of the US government, for instance, the X-1 rocketplane that first broke the sound barrier. It is also a prefix to experimental types of US military aircraft, for instance, the XB-70.
  • In anime, X is the title of a series based on the manga X/1999 (see X (anime)).
  • In art X alludes to the infinite joy of creation.
  • In astronomy, Planet X is a hypothetical planet in the Solar System beyond the orbit of Pluto.
  • In beverages, X is a symbol for an alcoholic proof of 50; multiple Xes indicate multiples of 50.
  • In cabalistic philosophy X references both birth and death.
  • In clothing X is used as an abbreviation for extra, such as XXL for extra-extra-large or XM for extra-medium.
  • In computing:
    • X is the name of a free graphical windowing system developed at MIT and standard on Unix and Linux; see X Window System.
    • X is often used as a symbol of multiplication, as in denoting the spin (and, later, transfer) speed of CDs and DVDs compared to an original standard speed. This usage is a corruption of the multiplication symbol ×. The data transfer speed for 1X CDs is 153,600 bytes/second and one for 1X DVDs is 1,385,000 bytes/second (approximately 9.02 times faster).
    • X is used as an abbreviation for the Apple operating system Mac OS X.
    • x is the repetition operator in Perl programming language.
  • In French education, X is a nickname for the École Polytechnique.
  • In electrical engineering, X is the symbol for reactance.
  • In English,
    • X is an abbreviation for Christ, as in Xmas (Christmas), X(t)ian (Christian), and Xianity (Christianity).
    • X is a symbol for a kiss, as in love notes. (See Hugs and Kisses.)
    • X is an abbreviation for cross in words like Xing (crossing), or to sign with a cross (often for illiteracy).
    • X also serves as other abbreviations, such as Xtal (Crystal), reXn (reaction), Xlation (translation), and SXSW (South by Southwest Festival).
  • In American slang, X is often used as an abbreviation of ecstasy (MDMA), a synthetic drug.
  • In film
    • X is a rating given to films suitable for an adult-only audience; see X-rated. NC-17 has replaced the X rating in the US. The UK replaced the X rating with the 18 certificate. Australia retains the X rating.
    • X is the name of a 1928 German film; see X (film)
    • The X-Files was a popular 1990s American science fiction television series.
  • In financial securities, X is the stock symbol for United States Steel Corporation.
  • In games, X is representation for a cross in games like tic tac toe (naughts and crosses)
  • In genetics X denotes the X chromosome.
    • In gender XX denotes female in the XY sex-determination system.
  • In mathematics,
    • x commonly represents an unknown variable. Even though any letter can be used, x is the most common by far. This usage can be traced back to the Arabic word ?ay 'thing' which was spelled with an initial x in Old Spanish or (according to other sources) an abbreviation of Latin causa which was the translation of Arabic š.
    • x is the usual symbol for the variable represented on the horizontal axis (ordinate) in analytic geometry.
    • x means 10 in Roman numbers
  • In military science, X is the US Navy hull classification symbol for Submersible Craft.
  • In photography X denotes exact time in flash synchronization.
  • In physics, the X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation.
  • In popular music,
    • X is the name of a Los Angeles punk rock band (see X (US band)).
    • X is the name of an Australian punk rock band (see X (Australian band)).
    • X was the initial name of the Japanese visual kei rock band X Japan.
  • In pornography XXX relates, unsurprisingly, to sex.
  • As the first letter of a postal code,
    • In Canada, X stands for Nunavut and the Northwest Territories.
  • In U.S. politics, X is the pseudonym of the person who blew the whistle on the Watergate crisis.
  • In U.S. public policy, X is the author (George F. Kennan) of the X article published in Foreign Affairs.
  • In Roman numerals, X denotes ten.
  • In semiotics, an X over something denotes elimination, prohibition or erasure.
  • In sociology X denotes Generation X.
  • X is a symbol worn on the hand to denote that someone is straight edge. It is also frequently tattooed on other parts of the body, or worn on clothing, sometimes in triplicate (XXX). Straight-edgers frequently also append Xs to their names, i.e. write their names with Xs, such that 'Jack' would be written XjackX. Straight edge itself is comonly abbreviated to 'sxe' (S.E. with an X in the middle).
  • In superhero comic books, an X usually denotes a connection to the popular X-Men franchise, especially when used as a prefix.
  • In treasure-hunting X is used to designate the location of treasure, i.e. X marks the spot.
  • In video games, X is the name of the main character in the Mega Man spinoff, Mega Man X.
  • X is a rollercoaster at Six Flags Magic Mountain.
  • X is a Japanese manga title produced by CLAMP which has also been adapted into a 1996 feature film and a 2001 television series. It is also known by the title X/1999.

This page about X includes information from a Wikipedia article.
Additional articles about X
News stories about X
External links for X
Videos for X
Wikis about X
Discussion Groups about X
Blogs about X
Images of X

The letter X is spoken as X-ray in the NATO phonetic alphabet. A more extensive archive of the website is provided by a third party (the Drudge Report Archives), which has taken snapshots every two minutes since mid-November 2001. No words in the Basic English vocabulary begin with X, but it occurs in words beginning with other letters. A number of reports from 1995 to early 1997 are available in the Usenet archive provided by Google Groups. The letter X is not used in the Italian language, except for words borrowed from other languages, or names of foreigners. Archives of older reports are generally not easy to find, and Drudge does not systematically archive any of his reports. It is also controversial whether Psi, Chi (Khi) and Xi are Greek inventions or whether they are ultimately of Semitic origin. Because the Drudge Report is not part of the mainstream media and is published electronically, and not in print, such inaccuracies and errors are often forgotten.

Some scholars claim that Latin X is not identical with Greek Χ. Despite instances of unreliability, the Drudge Report profits from the nature of its electronic medium. Only in Kurdish, Azeri, Uzbek, Tatar and Lojban as well as the IPA and SAMPA (the latter is used here) is X pronounced [x] (as in German Bach). After Edward's selection, Drudge removed all "VP Hillary" coverage without comment; the correction or outright removal of false content published at the Report is usually handled in similar no-comment fashion. But the Etruscans took over X from older Western Greek, therefore, it stood for /ks/ in Etruscan and /ks/ and /gs/ [gz] in Latin. insider" saying that Senator Kerry would be announcing Senator Hillary Clinton as his running mate, declaring it to mark the beginning of a "massive love fest." [16] (http://www.drudgereportarchives.com/data/2004/07/01/20040701_012802_kerryhrc.htm) The story was de-linked one day later. In the end, Chi was standardized as /k_h/ (/x/ in Modern Greek) as well as Xi for /ks/. The Report headlined a prediction from a "top D.C.

/ks/ was in Ancient Greece written as Chi 'Χ' (Western Greek) or Xi 'Ξ' (Eastern Greek). A later erroneous report emerged in the 2004 US presidential campaign, one week before Senator Kerry announced his selection of Senator John Edwards as his vice presidential running mate. It is also the form of St Andrew's Cross. However, the full text of the original reports are available at DrudgeReportArchives.com [14] (http://www.drudgereportarchives.com/data/2004/02/12/20040212_182616_mattjk1.htm) [15] (http://www.drudgereportarchives.com/data/2004/02/14/20040214_131608_mattjk6.htm); DrudgeReportArchives.com is not affiliated with the Drudge Report. X is the twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet. The story was never carried by any mainstream media, and Drudge has not meaningfully addressed it since its publication, although the story remained available on his website (though de-linked) up to a year after its publication.
. [13] (http://www.drudgereportarchives.com/data/2004/02/12/20040212_233205_mattjk1.htm) The woman, who in fact was never an intern for Kerry, denied the claim.

It is also known by the title X/1999. The Report was the source of a sensational rumor (a "World Exclusive") in February 2004, about presidential candidate John Kerry, alleging that he had an affair with a young intern named Alexandra Polier. X is a Japanese manga title produced by CLAMP which has also been adapted into a 1996 feature film and a 2001 television series. The "80 percent" meme has been fueled by further articles and rumors in the Report occasionally revealed to be completely wrong or unsubstantiated. X is a rollercoaster at Six Flags Magic Mountain. [12] (http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A30046-2001May1) Drudge's legal defense was largely funded by the libertarian Center for the Study of Popular Culture. In video games, X is the name of the main character in the Mega Man spinoff, Mega Man X. The case lasted for so long because the burden of proof was on Blumenthal to show that Drudge had had actual malice in printing the false report.

X marks the spot. The libel suit was settled in 2001 when Blumenthal agreed to drop the charges if Drudge did not file counter-charges. In treasure-hunting X is used to designate the location of treasure, i.e. [10] (http://archive.salon.com/aug97/news/news2970815.html) [11] (http://www.nyupress.org/fap/samplechapter1.html) This quote has since been applied, fairly or not, to all of Drudge's work. In superhero comic books, an X usually denotes a connection to the popular X-Men franchise, especially when used as a prefix. [9] (http://www.epic.org/free_speech/blumenthal_v_drudge.html) Drudge told Salon magazine that "I seemed to have about 80 percent of the facts" about the Blumenthal report. with an X in the middle). Drudge retracted the story the next day, saying he was given bad information, but Blumenthal filed a $30 million libel lawsuit against Drudge.

Straight edge itself is comonly abbreviated to 'sxe' (S.E. The attribution stems from Drudge's most famous incident of erroneous reporting, which occurred on August 10, 1997 when Drudge published a report saying that incoming White House assistant Sidney Blumenthal beat his wife and was covering it up. write their names with Xs, such that 'Jack' would be written XjackX. Matt Drudge has been variously (mis)quoted as saying the Report is 80 percent accurate. Straight-edgers frequently also append Xs to their names, i.e. [8] (http://www.cbrss.harvard.edu/events/ppe/papers/Tim%20Groseclose%20Media%20Bias%20Paper.pdf). It is also frequently tattooed on other parts of the body, or worn on clothing, sometimes in triplicate (XXX). Notwithstanding these charges, a study on media bias (titled A Measure of Media Bias) led by Tim Groseclose, of UCLA and Stanford, and Jeff Milyo of the University of Chicago found the Drudge Report to be the most centrist news outlet in their sample.

X is a symbol worn on the hand to denote that someone is straight edge. On Wednesday, July 28, 2004, the Drudge Report featured the headline: "Edwards to Call Kerry 'Decisive, Strong.'" Above this headline was a picture of a young woman in a tight tank top, featuring the logo "John Edwards is Hot.". In sociology X denotes Generation X. Though Drudge is often defended on the grounds that he writes very few articles, generally only supplying links to the work of others, his editorializing frequently occurs in the form of the juxtaposition of a headline with an unrelated image. In semiotics, an X over something denotes elimination, prohibition or erasure. For example, he is often critical of the Federal Communications Commission's regulation of indecency and of attempts to limit online file-sharing. In Roman numerals, X denotes ten. Nevertheless, Drudge has repeatedly attempted to distance himself from establishment conservatives, arguing that his politics more accurately reflect libertarianism.

Kennan) of the X article published in Foreign Affairs. Some critics argue, for example, that he has not been as aggressive in pursuing potential scandals during the George W. Bush administration as during the Clinton administration. public policy, X is the author (George F. To many, Drudge's politics are considered to be unabashedly conservative. In U.S. This has led some critics to call him a mouthpiece of the conservative establishment in the United States (or of the "vast right-wing conspiracy"). politics, X is the pseudonym of the person who blew the whistle on the Watergate crisis. He has cultivated this following by often highlighting stories that appeal to conservatives, praise prominent conservatives, or criticize prominent liberals.

In U.S. During the 1990s, the Drudge Report gained a strong conservative following for Drudge's heavy coverage of alleged scandals during President Bill Clinton's administration. In Canada, X stands for Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. In 1998, Federal Judge Paul Friedman noted in a judgment on a libel lawsuit, which ended in Drudge's favor, that Drudge is not a "reporter, a journalist, or a newsgatherer" (this case is covered in more detail below). As the first letter of a postal code,

    . Critics argue that the only stories Drudge he actually breaks are completely conceived, researched, funded, and written by other reporters. In pornography XXX relates, unsurprisingly, to sex. The site regularly receives 8-10 million page views per day, a number which has steadily increased during the early 2000s.

    X was the initial name of the Japanese visual kei rock band X Japan. His overhead is almost nonexistent compared to regular news outlets; his only significant expenses are server hosting costs. X is the name of an Australian punk rock band (see X (Australian band)). By placing banner advertisements on the website (over which he says he has no editorial control), he has indicated that he makes over $1 million per year. X is the name of a Los Angeles punk rock band (see X (US band)). Drudge reportedly makes a significant income from running the website. In popular music,

      . If you're not careful you can fill up people's minds with stories that go nowhere." [7] (http://www.radarmagazine.com/features/issue_02/drudge2.html).

      In physics, the X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation. It comes down to an editorial decision that I make every second that I'm sitting in front of the monitors. In photography X denotes exact time in flash synchronization. Usually I just scan the first two paragraphs and the last two paragraphs.. In military science, X is the US Navy hull classification symbol for Submersible Craft. I can't remember the last time I actually read a full-blown article, you know. x means 10 in Roman numbers. In a 2003 interview in Radar magazine with Camille Paglia, Drudge said of his story selection, "I just post the things I find interesting.

      x is the usual symbol for the variable represented on the horizontal axis (ordinate) in analytic geometry. Drudge also occasionally publishes Nielsen, Arbitron, or BookScan ratings, internal email messages, or early election exit polls that are otherwise not made available to the public. This usage can be traced back to the Arabic word ?ay 'thing' which was spelled with an initial x in Old Spanish or (according to other sources) an abbreviation of Latin causa which was the translation of Arabic š. These stories generally break a rumor concerning a story that is about to break in a major magazine or newspaper. Even though any letter can be used, x is the most common by far. The Drudge Report website sometimes includes stories authored by Drudge himself, usually two to three paragraphs in length (a holdover from the previous email-only reports). x commonly represents an unknown variable. Generally the images are also hosted on other news agencies' servers. Drudge has argued that he is within his rights under fair use to include tags referring to these images without permission.

      In mathematics,

        . Although the site initially featured very few images, it is now usually illustrated with five or six photographs. In gender XX denotes female in the XY sex-determination system. The rest of the website is filled with links to media outlets and a number of columnists. In genetics X denotes the X chromosome.
          . These linked stories are almost always hosted on the external websites of mainstream media outlets. In games, X is representation for a cross in games like tic tac toe (naughts and crosses). Drudge's website has a simple design, consisting of a banner headline and a number of other selected headlines in three columns.

          In financial securities, X is the stock symbol for United States Steel Corporation. In addition, Drudge was the first to announce Connie Chung's departure from CBS News, Jerry Seinfeld's million dollar contract, and the death of Diana, Princess of Wales. The X-Files was a popular 1990s American science fiction television series. [6] (http://www.drudgereport.com/ml.htm) After Drudge's report, Newsweek published the story. X is the name of a 1928 German film; see X (film). In 1998, Drudge again made national waves when he broke the news that Newsweek magazine had information on an inappropriate relationship between "a White House intern" and President Bill Clinton (the Monica Lewinsky scandal), but was withholding publication. Australia retains the X rating. Drudge first received national attention in 1996 when he broke the news that Jack Kemp would be Republican Bob Dole's running mate in the 1996 presidential election.

          The UK replaced the X rating with the 18 certificate. Already read by key players, this tip sheet will be sure to peak (sic) your interest." [5]  (http://groups-beta.google.com/group/rec.video.cable-tv/browse_thread/thread/d8598fa88e24b022/e87d63ba505bd539). X is a rating given to films suitable for an adult-only audience; see X-rated. NC-17 has replaced the X rating in the US. This weekly report arrives on Monday and is complimented with NEWS BREAKS as they occur. In film

            . In a Usenet post from that month, Drudge advertised his Report as covering "the Entertainment industry, Poli-Video shows (political talk shows,) Talk Radio, and a cross section of things that the editor Matt Drudge is focusing in on. In American slang, X is often used as an abbreviation of ecstasy (MDMA), a synthetic drug. On April 2, 2004, he splashed a headline on his site which read "Drudge Report Turns Nine Years Old". [4] (http://www.drudgereportarchives.com/data/2004/04/02/20040402_163404.htm) However, in his book, Drudge Manifesto, he writes that the Drudge Report debuted in "winter 1994", and the oldest archived email reports date to March 1995.

            X also serves as other abbreviations, such as Xtal (Crystal), reXn (reaction), Xlation (translation), and SXSW (South by Southwest Festival). It is unclear exactly when Drudge began publishing his reports. X is an abbreviation for cross in words like Xing (crossing), or to sign with a cross (often for illiteracy). He eventually stopped the email reports in favor of exclusively updating his website. (See Hugs and Kisses.). He began his website in 1997 as a supplement to the email reports. X is a symbol for a kiss, as in love notes. After that, AOL carried his reports until 1998.

            X is an abbreviation for Christ, as in Xmas (Christmas), X(t)ian (Christian), and Xianity (Christianity). Drudge's reports were electronically syndicated by Wired News from November 1996 to May 1997. In English,

              . Drudge, who once managed a CBS gift shop where he was privy to some insider gossip, uses connections with industry and media insiders to break stories sometimes before they hit the mainstream media. In electrical engineering, X is the symbol for reactance. Today, Drudge maintains his website from his condominium in Miami Beach, Florida along with his longtime friend and associate Andrew Breitbart based in Los Angeles. In French education, X is a nickname for the École Polytechnique. Drudge began publishing his email-based Report on a 486 computer from an apartment in Hollywood, California.

              x is the repetition operator in Perl programming language. He has been criticized by various media news personalities such as Dan Rather who called the Report a "rumor mill" [1] (http://www.dailyrecycler.com/blog/2004/09/cnn-airs-extended-rather-interview.html) , Bill O'Reilly who called Drudge a "threat to democracy" [2] (http://www.drudgereport.com/mattbc1.htm), and Keith Olbermann who referred to him as "an idiot with a modem" [3] (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/olbermann091598.htm). X is used as an abbreviation for the Apple operating system Mac OS X. Critics regard him as either careless, reckless, or malicious with stories that are sometimes inaccurate or heavily biased. The data transfer speed for 1X CDs is 153,600 bytes/second and one for 1X DVDs is 1,385,000 bytes/second (approximately 9.02 times faster). Drudge styles himself as a maverick newsman without corporate bosses, demanding advertisers, or editors to influence his Report. This usage is a corruption of the multiplication symbol ×. The Report originated around 1994 as a weekly subscriber-based email dispatch. Today, the Drudge Report resembles a simple weblog, though Drudge himself dislikes this classification.

              X is often used as a symbol of multiplication, as in denoting the spin (and, later, transfer) speed of CDs and DVDs compared to an original standard speed. The site consists primarily of links to stories from the mainstream media about politics, entertainment, and various current events, and to many popular columnists, although Drudge occasionally authors a story of his own. X is the name of a free graphical windowing system developed at MIT and standard on Unix and Linux; see X Window System. The Drudge Report is a popular U.S.-based news website run by Matt Drudge. In computing:

                . In clothing X is used as an abbreviation for extra, such as XXL for extra-extra-large or XM for extra-medium.

                In cabalistic philosophy X references both birth and death. In beverages, X is a symbol for an alcoholic proof of 50; multiple Xes indicate multiples of 50. In astronomy, Planet X is a hypothetical planet in the Solar System beyond the orbit of Pluto. In art X alludes to the infinite joy of creation.

                In anime, X is the title of a series based on the manga X/1999 (see X (anime)). It is also a prefix to experimental types of US military aircraft, for instance, the XB-70. In aeronautics, X is the designation given to an experimental aircraft of the US government, for instance, the X-1 rocketplane that first broke the sound barrier. Members of the Nation of Islam change their surnames to "X" to symbolize that their African names were lost in slavery, an example is Malcolm X.

                In a general sense, X represents an unknown or secret, as in project X or mister X.