Wyoming
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| State nickname: Equality State | |
| Other U.S. States | |
| Capital | Cheyenne |
| Largest city | Cheyenne |
| Governor | Dave Freudenthal |
| Official languages | English |
| Area | 253,554 kmē (10th) |
| - Land | 251,706 kmē |
| - Water | 1,851 kmē (0.7%) |
| Population (2000) | |
| - Population | 493,782 (50th) |
| - Density | 1.96 /kmē (49th) |
| Admission into Union | |
| - Date | July 10, 1890 |
| - Order | 44th |
| Time zone | Mountain: UTC-7/-6 |
| Latitude | 41°N to 45°N |
| Longitude | 104°3'W to 111°3'W |
| Width | 450 km |
| Length | 580 km |
| Elevation | |
| - Highest | 4,207 m |
| - Mean | 2,040 m |
| - Lowest | 945 m |
| Abbreviations | |
| - USPS | WY |
| - ISO 3166-2 | US-WY |
| Web site | wyoming.gov |
Wyoming is a state of the western United States of America. It is the least populous U.S. state.
After the Union Pacific Railroad reached the town of Cheyenne, the capital, in 1867, the population began to grow steadily in the Wyoming Territory, established on July 25, 1868.
Yellowstone National Park became the world's first National Park in 1872 and is located in the far northwestern portion of the state. Most of the territory that comprises Yellowstone National Park is located in Wyoming.
Wyoming was admitted to the Union on July 10, 1890. It was named after the Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania, made famous by the 1809 poem Gertrude of Wyoming by Thomas Campbell. The name was suggested by Representative J. M. Ashbey of Ohio.
In 1869 Wyoming extended suffrage to women, at least partially in an attempt to garner enough voters to be admitted as a state. In addition to being the U.S. state to extend suffrage to women, Wyoming was also the home of many other firsts for U.S. women in politics. It had the first female court bailiff and the first female justice of the peace in the country. Wyoming was also the first state in the Union to elect a woman governor, Nellie Tayloe Ross in 1925 see List of Wyoming Governors.
Wyoming was the location of the Johnson County War of 1892.
See: List of Wyoming counties
It is bordered on the north by Montana, on the east by South Dakota and Nebraska, on the south by Colorado, and on the west by Utah and Idaho. Devil's Tower, made famous in the film Close Encounters Of The Third Kind, is located near Moorcroft in Crook County.
Wyoming is generally considered an arid state with much of the land receiving less than 10 inches of rainfall a year. Consequently, the land supports few opportunities for farming. Ranching, however, is widespread, especially in areas near the numerous mountain chains. There are several major mountain ranges in the state, all part of the Rocky Mountains. The Snowy Range in the south central part of the state is an extension of the [Colorado] Rockies in both geology and appearance. The Wind River Range in the west central part of the state is remote and also has the highest peak Gannett Peak, in the state. The Big Horn Mountains in the north central portion are somewhat isolated from the bulk of the rest of the Rocky Mountains. Finally, the Teton Range in the northwest extends for 50 miles and represents the most impressive section of mountains in the state, home to the second highest peak Grand Teton and Grand Teton National Park which preserves the most scenic section of the Teton range.
Several rivers begin or flow through the state, including the Yellowstone River, Powder River, and the Snake River.
The Continental Divide, which runs through most of North America forks in the south central part of the state. The waters that flow or precipitate into this area, known as the Great Divide Basin, do not flow to any ocean. Instead, due to the overall aridity of Wyoming, they simply sink into the soil or evaporate.
Wyoming sports the lowest population of any state and the lowest population density of the continental 48 states; however, non-contiguous Alaska's population density is lower, although its total population is higher.
According to the Census Bureau, as of 2003, the population of Wyoming was estimated at 501,242.
The racial makeup of the state is:
The 5 largest ancestry groups in Wyoming are: German (25.9%), English (15.9%), Irish (13.3%), American (6.5%), Norwegian (4.3%).
6.3% of Wyoming's population were reported as under 5, 26.1% under 18, and 11.7% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 49.7% of the population.
The religious affiliations of the people of Wyoming are:
The Wyoming municipalities with populations over 10,000 are, in descending order:
USS Wyoming was named in honor of this state.
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USS Wyoming was named in honor of this state. Some of the most famous Lutherans today are:. Females made up
approximately 49.7% of the population. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2003, the population of Wyoming was estimated at 501,242. North America – 14.2 million. Wyoming sports the lowest population of any state and the lowest population density of the continental 48 states; however, non-contiguous Alaska's population density is lower, although its total population is higher. Europe – 49.3 million. Instead, due to the overall aridity of Wyoming, they simply sink into the soil or evaporate. Few Lutheran pastors achieve their pastoral care in foreign countries such as France. The waters that flow or precipitate into this area, known as the Great Divide Basin, do not flow to any ocean. Norwegian and Finnish) to provide aid, social opportunities and pastoral care for visiting seamen — in their own language. The Continental Divide, which runs through most of North America forks in the south central part of the state. Many major seaports contain the outposts of the respective Nordic Lutheran churches (e.g. Several rivers begin or flow through the state, including the Yellowstone River, Powder River, and the Snake River. Due to large agreements like the Concorde de Leuenberg (1962), involving many churches raising from the Reformation the training for students in theology embraces a wide range of theologies including modern and contemporary movements in biblical criticism and theology. Finally, the Teton Range in the northwest extends for 50 miles and represents the most impressive section of mountains in the state, home to the second highest peak Grand Teton and Grand Teton National Park which preserves the most scenic section of the Teton range. Except in Northern Europe (see above), very few seminaries are state-supported. The Big Horn Mountains in the north central portion are somewhat isolated from the bulk of the rest of the Rocky Mountains. The Lutheran confirmation training usually constitutes the largest exposure of Northern Europeans to Christian doctrines. The Wind River Range in the west central part of the state is remote and also has the highest peak Gannett Peak, in the state. Confirmation is treated seriously and is usually delayed until the end of the high school courses. The Snowy Range in the south central part of the state is an extension of the [Colorado] Rockies in both geology and appearance. So, in northern Europe many attend religious services only for baptisms, confirmations, weddings, funerals and possibly at Christmas. There are several major mountain ranges in the state, all part of the Rocky Mountains. Most people feel it is more important to attend to the lot of conference and training and Biblical studies. Ranching, however, is widespread, especially in areas near the numerous mountain chains. The church attendance on Sunday is not decisive and houses offices are still perennial, particularly in southern Europe. Wyoming is generally considered an arid state with much of the land receiving less than 10 inches of rainfall a year. Consequently, the land supports few opportunities for farming. Notably, the European churches have very low attending memberships at the offices; due to the history of those European churches, most parts of them knew persecution during the 17th and 18th centuries. Devil's Tower, made famous in the film Close Encounters Of The Third Kind, is located near Moorcroft in Crook County. Modern mobility and a decrease in religiosity have, however, been instrumental in shifting the demographic situation, as did the movements of German refugees from areas lost to Poland and Russia as a result of World War Two. It is bordered on the north by Montana, on the east by South Dakota and Nebraska, on the south by Colorado, and on the west by Utah and Idaho. Certain parts of Germany are traditionally Lutheran (generally towards the north and east) while others are historically Catholic (especially Bavaria and areas along the Rhine). See: List of Wyoming counties. Members of the predominant churches in Germany, whether Lutheran, Reformed or Catholic are also required by the state to pay a church tax in addition to their normal income tax. Wyoming was the location of the Johnson County War of 1892. Lutheranism is also prominent in Estonia, and Latvia. Wyoming was also the first state in the Union to elect a woman governor, Nellie Tayloe Ross in 1925 see List of Wyoming Governors. The church is no longer supported by taxes, but the fees are collected along with taxes. It had the first female court bailiff and the first female justice of the peace in the country. In Sweden, Lutheranism was the state religion up until the year 2000. women in politics. With the extension of the European Union, the status of state churches is largely revised; they remain a State Church but win greater autonomy. state to extend suffrage to women, Wyoming was also the home of many other firsts for U.S. Priests are educated at the Faculties of Theology of the state universities. In addition to being the U.S. The church tax, an income tax of about 1–2%, is collected only from the members of the church, but the church also gets its share from other taxes such as the municipal corporation tax. In 1869 Wyoming extended suffrage to women, at least partially in an attempt to garner enough voters to be admitted as a state. In these countries, the churches are supported directly by taxes. Ashbey of Ohio. Lutheranism is the state religion of several Scandinavian countries in Northern Europe, including Norway, Denmark, Finland and Iceland. M. English-language publishers of books on Luther and Lutheran theology. The name was suggested by Representative J. As a result of doctorinal differences, cooperation between different denominations varies: there is collaboration on some forms of outreach (for example, Lutheran World Relief); in worship practice, however, the conservative demoninations typically practice closed communion, limiting celebration of the eucharist to those within their own denominations out of concern for doctrinal differences. It was named after the Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania, made famous by the 1809 poem Gertrude of Wyoming by Thomas Campbell. The LCMS and WELS follow the traditional "historical-grammatical" method of interpreting the Scripture text, which seeks to understand the text as it is written within the context of history, culture, and language. Wyoming was admitted to the Union on July 10, 1890. Many members of the ELCA believe that such higher criticism represents the best efforts of modern scholarship. Most of the territory that comprises Yellowstone National Park is located in Wyoming. The ELCA subscribes to the "Historical-Critical Method" of Scripture interpretation, which attempts to interpret the text while taking account of the historical, cultural, and scientific limitations or biases imposed by the original writers. Yellowstone National Park became the world's first National Park in 1872 and is located in the far northwestern portion of the state. Doctrinally, the differences are primarily based on the degree of authority denominations place on the written text of Scripture. After the Union Pacific Railroad reached the town of Cheyenne, the capital, in 1867, the population began to grow steadily in the Wyoming Territory, established on July 25, 1868. denominations differ on doctrine and practice. state. U.S. It is the least populous U.S. There are at least 20 smaller Lutheran Denominations in the U.S., with many of them being cultural or doctrinal offshoots of the main three. Wyoming is a state of the western United States of America. Strict adherence to this requires members to refrain from all worship, including prayer, with those not in fellowship with WELS. Highway 191. WELS teaches the "Unit Concept" of fellowship. U.S. WELS does not support women's suffrage in the church. Highway 89. As with the LCMS, it permits only qualified men to serve as pastors and adopts similar positions on homosexuality and marriage. U.S. The WELS is also divided into districts. Highway 26. The LCMS teaches "Levels of Fellowship," closed communion (also called "close" communion), and has undergone recent internal struggles regarding participation of its clergy in interfaith "events." Particularly controversial was the post-911 event "A Prayer for America", held at Yankee Stadium, in which the church's Atlantic District President offered a Christian prayer alongside representatives of various non-Lutheran Christian, and non-Christian faiths. U.S. The LCMS does not permit active homosexuals to serve in the ministry, and it has affirmed an exclusively heterosexual definition of marriage. Highway 20. In 2004, the synod decided that women may also "serve in humanly established offices" such as congregation president, reader, or usher. U.S. It encourages women to be active in the church and has affirmed women's suffrage within congregations since 1969. Highway 14. It permits only qualified men to serve as pastors. U.S. The LCMS is divided into 35 districts, including 2 non-geographical districts. Interstate 90. The ELCA ordains both men and women to the pastoral office, and is currently studying the issue of homosexuality, and will decide at its 2005 Churchwide assembly whether to bless same-sex marriage and clergy in active same-sex relationships or not. Interstate 80. The ELCA has established relationships of full communion with The Episcopal Church, the Moravian Church, the United Church of Christ, the Presbyterian Church (USA) and the Reformed Church in America and an interim agreement with the United Methodist Church. Interstate 25. The ELCA is divided into 64 geographical and one non-geographical synods (the Slovak Zion Synod). Casper Rockies, minor league baseball. Local congregations contribute funds to support them and receive services and materials. Denominations help to start new congregations affiliated with them. Wyoming Technical Institute (WyoTech). These denominations provide seminaries, pastoral care, and Sunday School and liturgical materials. Western Wyoming Community College. The three largest Lutheran bodies in the United States are, in order of size: the least conservative Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA), the more conservative Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod (LCMS), and the most conservative of the three, the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS). University of Wyoming. In the U.S., congregations are grouped into over 20 different denominations. Sheridan College - Gillette Campus. The largest organizations of Lutheran churches around the world are the Lutheran World Federation and the International Lutheran Council, which include the great majority of Lutheran denominations around the globe. Sheridan College. However, more conservative varieties of Lutheran strive to maintain historical distinctiveness, emphasizing doctrinal purity over ecumenical outreach. Northwest College. For that reason, a number of modern Lutheran denominations, now largely separated from state control, are reaching out to other Lutheran denominations as well as other Christian denominations. Laramie County Community College. This belief is ingrained in the Lutheran confessions, and reflects the history of Lutheranism as a reform movement rather than a separatist movement. Eastern Wyoming College. Lutherans believe in the idea that there should be a single Christian church, and a single Christian faith. Central Wyoming College. The Lutheran Church -- Missouri Synod recently approved a new hymnal, Lutheran Service Book, which will be available in the fall of 2006. Casper College. The most widely uses are: Christian Worship (WELS), The Lutheran Book of Worship (ELCA), The Lutheran Hymnal (LCMS and WELS)and Lutheran Worship (LCMS). No Religion – 21%. Lutheran Churches in the United States use a number of hymnals. Non-Christian Religions – 1%. Lutheran pastors may marry and have families. Mormon – 7%. Pastors almost always have substantial theological educations, including Greek and Hebrew so that they can refer directly to the canonical Christian scriptures in the original language. Roman Catholic – 18%. In the U.S., some congregations and synods traditionally taught in German or Norwegian, but this custom has been in significant decline since the early/middle 20th century. Other Protestants/general Protestants – 21%. Pastors usually teach in the common language of the parish. Episcopalian – 4%. Lutheran pastors and staff are repeatedly reminded that most evangelism occurs within the church, with children. Presbyterian – 4%. Almost all maintain Sunday Schools, and many host or maintain private nursery-schools, primary schools, regional high schools and universities. Methodist – 6%. Children's ministries are considered fundamental in most Lutheran churches. Baptist – 9%. Johann Sebastian Bach, a devout Lutheran, composed music for the Lutheran church. Lutheran – 9%. Many Lutheran churches have active music ministries, including choirs, hand-bell choirs, children's choirs and sometimes carillon societies (to ring bells in a bell tower). Protestant – 53%
0.6% Asian. Christian Dogmatics. 6.4% Hispanic. LCMS Perspective: Pieper, Franz. 0.8% Black. ELCA Perspective: Braaten, Carl E., Principles of Lutheran Theology Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1983. 88.9% White. For an overview of Lutheran theology, see:. Most Lutherans also teach:. They teach that, at death, Christians are immediately taken into the presence of God in Heaven, where they await the resurrection of the body at the second coming of Christ. Lutherans believe that all who trust in Jesus alone can be sure of their salvation, for it is in Christ's work and his promises in which their surety lies. In His death, death is destroyed, our debt paid for and our sins forgiven. Because He is a man, He could die. Because He is God, He is sinless and so a worthy sacrifice, without spot or blemish. In the person of Jesus Christ, Lutherans believe God and Man meet. Lutherans teach that salvation is possible only because of the birth, perfect life of obedience, sufferings, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Even faith itself is seen as a gift of God, created in the hearts of Christians by the work of the Holy Spirit when they hear God's Word proclaimed, and when they are baptized. Lutherans believe that individuals receive this gift of salvation by faith alone -- a full and complete trust in God's promises to forgive and to save. God has intervened in this world because He loves sinners and does not want them to be damned to Hell, and, by His grace alone -- His free gift of mercy -- a person is forgiven, adopted as a child of God, and given eternal salvation. Every human thought and deed is colored by sin and sinful motives. Lutherans teach that sinners cannot do anything to satisfy God's justice. What condemns them is that they are sinful from the start. For Lutherans, it is not actual sins -- the sinful acts committed by an individual -- that damn someone. Because of this Original Sin -- the sin from which all other sins come -- all descendents of Adam and Eve (thus, all humans) are born in sin and are sinners. However, Adam and Eve chose to disobey God, trusting in their own strength, knowledge and wisdom. Lutherans believe God made the world, humanity included, perfect, holy and sinless. The central teaching of Lutheranism is the doctrine of salvation by God's grace alone (Sola Gratia), through faith alone (Sola Fide) for the sake of Christ's merit alone (Solus Christus). Those who hold to the former reject modern liberal scholarship, while those that hold to the latter embrace it. Some Lutheran church bodies also teach Biblical inerrancy. Others adopt the viewpoint that the Bible contains God's Word, but is essentially a human document, subject to error in non-spiritual matters. For this reason, Lutherans who follow the Book of Concord closely, especially conservative Lutherans, often refer to themselves as Confessional Lutherans. Other Lutherans, who agree with the main teachings of the Lutheran Confessions, but may take exception to some of its doctrine, subscribe to the Book of Concord in so far as they are in harmony with Holy Scripture. Traditionally, Lutheran pastors, congregations and church bodies agree to teach in harmony with the Book of Concord because it teaches and faithfully explains the Word of God. Lutherans also hold that the Holy Scripture is explained and interpreted by the Book of Concord -- a series of Confessions of faith composed by Lutherans in the 16th Century. One of the signature teachings of the Lutheran Reformation is the teaching named Sola scriptura -- "Scripture alone." Lutherans believe that the Bible is divinely inspired and is the only standard by which teachings and doctrines can be judged. Thus, approximately 1 out of every 20 Christians in the world is a Lutheran. Today, approximately 1 out every 4 Christians in the world is a Protestant, and 1 out of every 5 Protestants in the world is a Lutheran. Because Luther sparked this mass movement, he is known as the father of the Protestant Reformation, and the father of Protestantism in general. In the years and decades following Luther's posting of the 95 theses on the door of the Wittenberg church, large numbers of Europeans left the Roman Church, including the vast majority of Germanic people (the only Germanics who remained in the Catholic church were those under the domain and/or influence of Catholic Austria and Bavaria or the electoral archbishops of Mainz, Cologne, and Trier). Luther and his followers began a large exodus from the Catholic Church known as the Protestant Reformation. This book is still used today, and is referred to as the Book of Concord. This document is known as the Formula of Concord, and in 1580, all documents were bound and distributed in a volume titled The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. In 1577, the next generation of Lutheran theologians gathered the work of the previous generation to define the doctrine of the persisting Lutheran church. However, the Lutheran movement was far from defeated. After the conclusion of the Schmalkald War, Charles V attempted to impose Catholic religious doctrine on the territories that he had defeated. These princes would ally to create the Schmalkaldic League in 1531, which lead to the Schmalkald War that pitted the Lutheran princes of the Schmalkaldic League against the Catholic forces of Charles V. Several of the German princes (and later, kings and princes of other countries) signed the document to define "Lutheran" territories. At the Diet, Philipp Melanchthon presented a written summary of Lutheran beliefs called the Augsburg Confession. Lutheranism would become known as a separate movement after the 1530 Diet of Augsburg, which was convened by Charles V to try to stop the growing Protestant movement. But the 1529 session, also meeting Speyer, the decision the previous Diet of Speyer was reversed — despite the strong protests of the Lutheran princes and free cities (giving rise to the term protestant). At the 1526 session of the Diet, meeting that year in Speyer, it was decided that, until a General Council could meet and settle the theological issues raised by Martin Luther, the Edict of Worms would not be enforced and each Prince could decide if Lutheran teachings and worship would be allowed in his territories (Cuius regio, eius religio). The conflict would erupt even further into a religious war, fueled by the political climate of the Holy Roman Empire and strong personalities on both sides. What had started as a strictly theological and academic debate had now turned into something of a social and political conflict as well, pitting Luther and his German supporters against the king of Spain (the francophone Charles V who also ruled the Low Countries, the New World and the Holy Roman Empire -- of which Germany was then a part), and the Italian Pope, as well as the supporters of the latter two. Shortly after Luther escaped, Charles V issued the Edict of Worms, which outlawed Luther and his followers, declared Luther and his followers heretics, and banned Luther's writings. Luther remained in hiding for some time, all the while continuing to write and develop his ideas. Luther had been granted a Safe Conduct to travel to and from his trial, but remembering how a similar promise had been violated in the case of Jan Hus, Luther's supporters prevailed upon him to escape from Worms in the dark of night, before he too could be seized and executed. So help me God, Amen!" --Martin Luther, April 16, 1521. Here I stand, I can do no other. I cannot and will not retract .. Unless therefore, I am convinced by the testimony of Scripture .. Luther went to Worms (pronounced Vorms), but when called upon by Catholic officials to recant, Luther made a historic stand, saying the following: "I cannot submit my faith either to the Pope or to the Councils, because it is clear as day they have frequently erred and contradicted each other. So instead, Luther was to be summoned to appear before the Diet of Worms, where he was to recant his ideas publicly. More importantly, the ruler of Luther's land, Frederick the Wise, refused to allow any of his subjects to be condemned without trial. Angered, Charles V wanted to outlaw Luther and his followers, but he was warned by advisors that doing so outright would cause a revolt, since Luther had become so popular. Concerned about the "problem" of Luther, the Pope and Catholic officials decided to send Luther the papal bull called the "Exsurge Domine" in 1520, which called on Luther to recant and abandon his ideas. Luther also gained some powerful enemies, including the Pope in Rome and the youthful Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. As a result, Luther gained many supporters and followers from all levels of society, from peasants who considered him a folk hero, to knights who swore to protect him, to rulers of German lands who wanted more independence from papal interference in their domestic policies. Between 1517 and 1520, Luther preached and published his scathing criticisms of the Catholic Church in books and pamphlets. His ideas were supported by many other Christian theologians, and they also had a certain populist appeal. The symbolic beginning of the Protestant Reformation occurred on October 31, 1517, when professor Luther posted an open invitation to debate his 95 theses (statements) involving current Catholic dogma and practices upon the door of All Saints Church (customarily used as a notice board by the University) attached to the castle in Wittenberg, Saxony (Germany). Lutheranism as a movement traces its origin to the work of Martin Luther, a German religious scholar who sought to reform the practices of the Roman Catholic Church in the early 16th century. See Protestantism for further discussion. The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. writer and radio host Garrison Keillor. Seuss and John Updike. writers Dr. travel writer Rick Steves. theologian Richard Charles Henry Lenski (immigrated from Prussia). sports figures Troy Aikman, Dale Earnhardt, Lou Gehrig, and Tom Landry;. several current and former US governors, as well as several dozen US congressman and senators;. musicians Kris Kristofferson and John Mellencamp;. militaryman Norman Schwarzkopf;. filmmaker John Woo;. entertainment journalists Mary Hart and Pat O'Brien;. co-founder and CEO of Apple Computer Steve Jobs;. comedian Dana Carvey;. Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court William Rehnquist;. cartoonist Gary Larson;. Macy, and Bruce Willis;. actors David Hasselhoff, William H. This figure includes both Brazilian LWF and non-LWF churches. Australian Census statistics show that there are 250,000 Lutherans living in Australia[4] (http://www.adherents.com/loc/loc_australia.html). Canadian census statistics show that there are 640,000 self-described Lutherans living in Canada[3] (http://www.statcan.ca/english/Pgdb/demo32a.htm). That means there are 13.6 million American Lutherans.[2] (http://adherents.com/rel_USA.html#families). The American Religious Identification Survery (ARIS) found that 4.6% of Americans are self-described Lutherans. In 2003, the Latvian Lutheran church estimated the number of Lutherans in the country to be 556,000[1] (http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2004/35465.htm). The EKD (Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland - German Evangelical Church) released a figure in November 2004 that said that 25.8 million Germans (31.3% of the national population) are Lutherans. Others – 20,000. Guyana – 10,000. El Salvador – 10,000. Chile – 20,000. Bolivia – 20,000. Argentina – 50,000. Brazil – 940,000 6. Others – 30,000. Bangladesh – 10,000. Philippines – 30,000. Japan – 30,000. Hong Kong – 40,000. Malaysia – 90,000. Australia – 250,000 5. Papua New Guinea – 960,000. India – 1.7 million. Indonesia – 4.3 million. Others – 20,000. Rwanda – 20,000. Botswana – 20,000. Angola – 20,000. Ghana – 30,000. Central African Republic – 60,000. Liberia – 70,000. Kenya – 90,000. Zimbabwe – 110,000. of) – 140,000. Congo (Democratic Rep. Cameroon – 280,000. South Africa – 880,000. Namibia – 920,000. Nigeria – 1.3 million. Tanzania – 2.5 million. Ethiopia – 4 million. Canada – 640,000 4. USA – 13.6 million 3. Others – 30,000. Slovenia – 20,000. Netherlands – 20,000. Lithuania – 20,000. Serbia – 50,000. Romania – 50,000. Poland – 80,000. United Kingdom – 120,000. Czech Republic – 150,000. Estonia – 200,000. France – 260,000. Russia, Belarus, Ukraine combined – 270,000. Iceland – 270,000. Hungary – 300,000. Slovakia – 370,000. Austria – 380,000. Latvia – 560,000 2. Norway – 3.9 million. Finland – 4.6 million. Denmark – 4.6 million. Sweden – 7.2 million. Germany – 25.8 million1. Ambassador Publications (http://www.aflconline.org/parish-ed/index.html) (AFLC). Openbook Publishers (http://www.openbook.com.au/) (Lutheran Church of Australia). Northwestern Publishing House (http://www.nph.net/) (WELS). Augsburg Fortress (http://www.augsburgfortress.com/) and Fortress Press (http://www.fortresspress.com/) (ELCA). Concordia Publishing House (http://www.cph.org/) (LCMS). Amillennialism. The Real Presence of Christ's Body and Blood "in, with and under" the Bread and wine of the Lord's Supper. Baptismal Regeneration. Infant Baptism. Unlike Calvin, who explained how the reprobate come to be damned (double predestination), Luther said it was a mystery -- something which humanity cannot, and probably should not, comprehend. Single Predestination: God chose to save His children before the world was created, but does not predestine the lost to be damned. |