Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights is Emily Brontė's only novel. Published in 1847, under the pseudonym Ellis Bell, it has become a classic of English literature, and has given rise to many adaptations, including several films, radio and television dramatisations, and a musical, as well as inspiring a hit song by Kate Bush. A posthumous second edition was edited by her sister Charlotte.

The setting for the book is Brontė's native Yorkshire moors. It takes the form of the first-person narrative of a minor character, Lockwood, who through conversations is told the tale of the principal protagonists. This framing device gives distance to the events. Nelly Dean, the secondary narrator, recounts scenes of strong emotion, violence, infanticide and sadism in a manner which is not completely dispassionate, but somewhat detached; she is not surprised at the extremes she recounts.

Wuthering Heights 's innovative structure, which has been likened to a series of Chinese boxes, puzzled critics when the novel first appeared, and reception was lukewarm at best. Some contemporaneous critics even believed it to be an earlier, less mature work from Charlotte Brontė, who had also published Jane Eyre that same year under a pseudonym. Subsequent critics revised this view; most would agree that Wuthering Heights's originality and achievement exceeded anything that her sisters Charlotte and Anne had ever attempted.

Spoiler warning: Plot or ending details follow.

The anti-hero is the foundling Heathcliff, who is taken in by the wealthy Earnshaw family as a child, and falls in love with their daughter, Catherine. Catherine is also attached to Heathcliff, but he is not considered good enough to marry her. Instead, Cathy marries a wealthy neighbour, Edgar Linton, and the embittered Heathcliff sets out to ruin the fortunes of her family, which he does over a period of many years.

In Other Literature

In Albert Camus' essay The Rebel, Heathcliff is compared to a rebel leader. Both are driven by a sort of madness: one by misguided love, the other by oppression. Camus juxtaposes the concept of Heathcliff's reaction to Cathy with the reaction of a disenchanted rebel to the ideal he once held.

Film & Television Adaptations

Perhaps the best-known of the film adaptations was released in 1939. It stars Merle Oberon as Cathy Linton, Laurence Olivier as Heathcliff, David Niven as Edgar Linton, Flora Robson as Ellen Dean, Donald Crisp as Dr. Kenneth, Geraldine Fitzgerald as Isabella Linton and Leo G. Carroll as Joseph Earnshaw. The film was adapted by Charles MacArthur, Ben Hecht and John Huston. It was directed by William Wyler. The movie was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.

A 1992 film adaptation was the first one to show both generations from the story; that is Heathcliff, Cathy, Edgar, and Hindley, as well as their children. Juliette Binoche plays two roles, Catherine Earnshaw and her daughter. Ralph Fiennes plays Heathcliff.

A 1953 adaptation on BBC Television was scripted by Nigel Kneale, directed by Rudolph Cartier and starred Yvonne Mitchell as Cathy. Sadly, this version does not survive in the BBC archives.

Role-Playing Game Adaptation

The Wuthering Heights Roleplay game is a role-playing game based on the French "René le Jeu de Rōle Romantique" by Philippe Tromeur. It is a parody of the original story, free for download here: http://philippe.tromeur.free.fr/rene.htm

In Music

Wuthering Heights is also the title of a song by Kate Bush. It appears on her 1978 debut album, The Kick Inside, and was also released as her debut single. It quickly reached number one in the UK pop charts, and propelled the singer to widespread fame. Its lyrics are based on the story of the novel. Kate Bush was inspired to write the song after watching the 1939 version of the film and the fact that she shares the same birthday as Emily Brontė: July 30. The song was later covered by Pat Benatar.

Carlisle Floyd wrote an opera based on this novel in 1958.

Wuthering Heights is also the name of a Danish Heavy Metal band. (see Wuthering Heights (band)).

The second 1976 album of Genesis, Wind & Wuthering was also largely inspired by the novel.


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The second 1976 album of Genesis, Wind & Wuthering was also largely inspired by the novel.
. (see Wuthering Heights (band)). The final stop for all spooks is the Containment Unit located in the firehouse basement. Wuthering Heights is also the name of a Danish Heavy Metal band. This is used in conjunction with a trap designed to hold ghosts and they also have a device called a PKE (Psycho Kinetic Energy) Meter that detects their presence. Carlisle Floyd wrote an opera based on this novel in 1958. The main weapon of the Ghostbusters for the purposes of "busting" ghosts is the Proton Pack, which fires a positron ion stream that negates the negatively charged energy of a ghost, allowing it to be held.

The song was later covered by Pat Benatar. iBooks published the novel Ghostbusters: The Return by Sholly Fisch. Kate Bush was inspired to write the song after watching the 1939 version of the film and the fact that she shares the same birthday as Emily Brontė: July 30. Ertl released a die-cast 1/25 scale Ectomobile, also known as Ecto-1, the Ghostbusters' main transportation. Its lyrics are based on the story of the novel. Their first and so far only series included Gozer, Slimer (or Onionhead), the Terror Dogs Vinz Clortho and Zuul, and a massive Stay-Puft Marshmallow Man, contrasting the diminutive figure that was in the original figure line. It quickly reached number one in the UK pop charts, and propelled the singer to widespread fame. Neca released a series of action figures based off the first movie.

It appears on her 1978 debut album, The Kick Inside, and was also released as her debut single. The limited series might lead into an on-going series by the company. Wuthering Heights is also the title of a song by Kate Bush. In 2004, 88MPH Studios began releasing their "Legion" limited series, which retconned the Ghostbusters' world to 6 months after the first movie and pushed the timeline up 20 years to present time. It is a parody of the original story, free for download here: http://philippe.tromeur.free.fr/rene.htm
. With the current 80s nostalgia craze, Ghostbusters made a quiet return. The Wuthering Heights Roleplay game is a role-playing game based on the French "René le Jeu de Rōle Romantique" by Philippe Tromeur. The series flopped and was cancelled after its original 40 episodes.

Sadly, this version does not survive in the BBC archives. Because Sony Pictures Television owned all the rights to The Real Ghostbusters, new character designs were needed and a new group of younger Ghostbusters were tapped. A 1953 adaptation on BBC Television was scripted by Nigel Kneale, directed by Rudolph Cartier and starred Yvonne Mitchell as Cathy. Ghostbusters slowly phased out of the public eye after 1991 with the cancellation of the cartoon, the toys and the comics, but a revival of sorts was attempted in 1997 with the release of The Extreme Ghostbusters cartoon and related toy-line. Ralph Fiennes plays Heathcliff. The possibility of a third film grew even more complicated as Murray's interest in reprising his role waned over the years, and Aykroyd finally admitted that a third film would probably never happen. Juliette Binoche plays two roles, Catherine Earnshaw and her daughter. The second film's storyline was nearly identical to the first, with Venkman again acting flippant until he gradually re-charms Dana, and the Ghostbusters again struggling to keep their business afloat until business picks up again thanks to the rise of another demonic/ghostly ruler from ancient times. Aykroyd and Ramis struggled for years to get started on a third Ghostbusters film, but were unable to come up with a script that could meet their own satisfaction.

A 1992 film adaptation was the first one to show both generations from the story; that is Heathcliff, Cathy, Edgar, and Hindley, as well as their children. In 1989, Ghostbusters II was released on June 16, featuring the return of the main cast and a new villain. The movie was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. This was called Slimer! and the Real Ghostbusters. It was directed by William Wyler. To appeal to the growing child fanbase, the cartoon was stretched to an hour-long format which not only included the regular cartoon, but a spin-off of sorts with more cartoonish animation and where child favorite Slimer, the Ghostbusters' pet ghost, was the central focus. The film was adapted by Charles MacArthur, Ben Hecht and John Huston. By 1988, the popularity had grown and Ghostbusters entered the medium of comic books, published monthly by NOW Comics.

Carroll as Joseph Earnshaw. The Ghostbusters game was a revolutionary design, influencing countless other designs including Risus and Over the Edge, and winning the Origins Award for Best Roleplaying Rules of 1986. Kenneth, Geraldine Fitzgerald as Isabella Linton and Leo G. In 1985, game publisher West End Games produced a Ghostbusters roleplaying game which later spawned a second edition called Ghostbusters, International. It stars Merle Oberon as Cathy Linton, Laurence Olivier as Heathcliff, David Niven as Edgar Linton, Flora Robson as Ellen Dean, Donald Crisp as Dr. A popular toy line followed the success of the cartoon and was manufactured by Kenner. Perhaps the best-known of the film adaptations was released in 1939. Despite rumors to the contrary, Columbia was allowed to use the name Ghostbusters for their cartoon, but they added "The Real" to it to stick it to Filmation.

Camus juxtaposes the concept of Heathcliff's reaction to Cathy with the reaction of a disenchanted rebel to the ideal he once held. At the same time, Filmation was making a cartoon called Ghostbusters, known as The Original Ghostbusters, which was a revamp of their old show starring the characters' children. Both are driven by a sort of madness: one by misguided love, the other by oppression. Because of the popularity, an animated television series called The Real Ghostbusters was made by Columbia Pictures Television and DIC Entertainment and ran from 1986-1991. In Albert Camus' essay The Rebel, Heathcliff is compared to a rebel leader. A song composed for the movie, also called "Ghostbusters" was a hit for Ray Parker Jr., and is now a staple at "1980s retro" parties, as well as Jekyll & Hyde's Halloween-themed restaurant in Manhattan. Instead, Cathy marries a wealthy neighbour, Edgar Linton, and the embittered Heathcliff sets out to ruin the fortunes of her family, which he does over a period of many years. A video game based on the movie was released by Activision for the Atari gaming system.

The anti-hero is the foundling Heathcliff, who is taken in by the wealthy Earnshaw family as a child, and falls in love with their daughter, Catherine. Catherine is also attached to Heathcliff, but he is not considered good enough to marry her. Ghostbusters was released in the United States on June 8, 1984, starring Bill Murray, Rick Moranis, Sigourney Weaver, Annie Potts and Ernie Hudson, and grossed over $290 million worldwide during its theatrical run. Subsequent critics revised this view; most would agree that Wuthering Heights's originality and achievement exceeded anything that her sisters Charlotte and Anne had ever attempted. And they did. Some contemporaneous critics even believed it to be an earlier, less mature work from Charlotte Brontė, who had also published Jane Eyre that same year under a pseudonym. However, during the filming of the crowd for the final battle, the extras were all chanting "Ghostbusters" causing the producers to ensure the studio got the name. Wuthering Heights 's innovative structure, which has been likened to a series of Chinese boxes, puzzled critics when the novel first appeared, and reception was lukewarm at best. As a result, if Columbia could not secure the name alternate ones were made up and ready to be used.

Nelly Dean, the secondary narrator, recounts scenes of strong emotion, violence, infanticide and sadism in a manner which is not completely dispassionate, but somewhat detached; she is not surprised at the extremes she recounts. A problem arose during filming when it was discovered that a show was produced in 1975 by Filmation for CBS called Ghostbusters, starring Larry Storch and Forrest Tucker (see the article The Ghost Busters). This framing device gives distance to the events. Dana Barrett and Louis Tully's apartments were constructed across two stages and were actually on the other side of their doors in the hallway, an unusual move in filmmaking. It takes the form of the first-person narrative of a minor character, Lockwood, who through conversations is told the tale of the principal protagonists. The Biltmore was chosen because the large lobby allowed for a tracking shot of the Ghostbusters in complete gear for the first time. The setting for the book is Brontė's native Yorkshire moors. The hallway sets for the Sedgewick Hotel were originally built for the movie Rich and Famous in 1981 and patterned after the Algonquin Hotel in New York City, where Reitman originally wanted to do the hotel bust.

A posthumous second edition was edited by her sister Charlotte. In order to properly light it and create the physical effects for the set, other stages needed to be shut down and all their power diverted over to the set. Published in 1847, under the pseudonym Ellis Bell, it has become a classic of English literature, and has given rise to many adaptations, including several films, radio and television dramatisations, and a musical, as well as inspiring a hit song by Kate Bush. Gozer's temple was the biggest and most expensive set ever to be constructed at that time. Wuthering Heights is Emily Brontė's only novel. The interior of the firehouse was done in LA's Fire Station 23, the basement of the Library was substituted by a LA library, the Biltmore Hotel in LA served as the lobby and entrance for the Sedgewick Hotel, while the other locations were on sound stages. Among the featured New York locations were Columbia University, the New York Public Library, still very much active Hook & Ladder 8, Central Park West, Tavern on the Green in Central Park, Lincoln Center, inside a defunct New York jail and various street locations for the montages.

The extent of Murray's improvisation while delivering his lines varies wildly with every re-telling of the making of the film; some say he never even read the script, and improvised so much he deserves a writing credit, while others insist that he only improvised a few lines, and used his deadpan comic delivery to make scripted lines seem spontaneous. In addition to Aykroyd's high-concept basic premise and Ramis's skill at grounding the fantastic elements with a realistic setting, the film benefits from Murray's semi-improvisational performance as Venkman, the character initially intended for Belushi (who had died of a drug overdose while Aykroyd and Ramis were still working on the script). At Reitman's suggestion, the story was given a major overhaul, eventually evolving into the final screenplay, which Aykroyd and Ramis had hammered out over the course of a few months in a Martha's Vineyard bombshelter. Aykroyd pitched the story to director/producer Ivan Reitman, who liked the basic idea but immediately saw the budgetary impossibilities demanded by Aykroyd's first draft.

The original story as written by Aykroyd was much more ambitious -- and unfocused -- than what would be eventually filmed; in Aykroyd's original vision, a group of Ghostbusters would travel through time, space and other dimensions taking on huge ghosts. The concept was inspired by Aykroyd's own fascination with the paranormal, and conceived by Aykroyd as a vehicle for himself and friend and fellow Saturday Night Live alum John Belushi. The Ghostbusters add a fourth member to their team -- the blue-collar Winston Zeddemore (Ernie Hudson) to deal with the rapidly increasing workload, but it soon becomes apparent to the Ghostbusters that they are headed toward a climactic confrontation with Gozer. Although he initially comes off as a bit of a goof and sleaze, Venkman eventually finds a (subtly) heroic side to himself when he learns that Gozer and his minions are haunting the apartment of Dana Barrett (Sigourney Weaver), a client who has become the object of Venkman's lustful (and possibly deeper) intentions. Soon, business starts to pick up, due not only to the Ghostbusters building a reputation for themselves, but also due to increased supernatural activity, which turns out to be a direct result of the rise of Gozer, the ghost of a possibly demonic ruler from ancient times.

At first, the clients are few and far between, and the Ghostbusters must depend on their individual talents to keep the business alive: Egon Spengler (Harold Ramis) is a scientific genius, Raymond "Ray" Stantz (Dan Aykroyd) is an expert on paranormal history, and Peter Venkman (Bill Murray), although in some ways a scientific charlatan, has charm and business savvy. It was followed by a sequel, Ghostbusters II, in 1989 and two cartoon series, The Real Ghostbusters and Extreme Ghostbusters. Ghostbusters (sometimes written Ghost Busters) is a 1984 sci-fi comedy film about three parapsychologists who are fired from a New York City University, and start up their own business investigating and eliminating ghosts. A deleted scene in Ghostbusters was suspected to have Joe Cuttone in it; he played the hotel manager (Lloyd) in The Blues Brothers.

Winston, to Janine during his interview: "If there's a steady paycheck in it, I'll believe anything you say.". Ray Parker: "I ain't afraid of no ghosts!" (a catch phrase used beyond the film). Raymond: "Aim for the flat top!". we get this guy laid, we won't have any trouble!".

Stay-Puft is okay! He's a sailor, he's in New York.. Peter (when under threat from the Stay-Puft Marshmallow Man): "Hey, this Mr. Raymond: "(sigh of resignation) It's the Stay-Puft Marshmallow man!". Peter: "We came, we saw, we kicked its ass!" (Said about a captured ghost).

Winston to Raymond, after the group is zapped by the evil goddess: "If someone asks you if you're a god, you say 'YES'!". Dana: "I am the gatekeeper!" Louis: "I am the keymaster!". Winston (who is black) to the mayor (who is white): "Your honor, I've seen shit that would turn you white!". Egon (referencing the Proton Pack): "Don't cross the streams!".

Dana to Peter: "Are you really a scientist? You seem more like a game-show host.". Jovan Slavitza (Gozer the Gozerian). Ernie Hudson (Winston Zeddemore). Peck).

William Atherton (Walter J. Annie Potts (Janine Melnitz). Rick Moranis (Louis Tully). Egon Spengler).

Harold Ramis (Dr. Sigourney Weaver (Dana Barrett). Raymond Stantz). Dan Aykroyd (Dr.

Peter Venkman). Bill Murray (Dr.