WitnessThis article is about witnesses in law courts. See witness (disambiguation) for other meanings and for various art and similar works by that and similar names. A witness is someone who has first-hand knowledge about a crime or dramatic event through their senses (e.g. seeing, hearing, smelling, touching) and can help certify important considerations to the crime or event. A witness who has seen the event first-hand is known as an eye-witness. Witnesses are often called before a court of law to testify in trials. A subpoena commands a person to appear. In many jurisdictions it is compulsory to comply, to take an oath, and tell the truth, under penalty of perjury. It is used to compel the testimony of witnesses in a trial. Usually it can be issued by a judge or by the lawyer representing the plaintiff or the defendant in a civil trial or by the prosecutor or the defense attorney in a criminal proceeding. Witness testimony is often presumed to be better than circumstantial evidence. Studies have shown that individual, separate witness testimony is often flawed and parts of it can be meaningless. This can occur because of a person's faulty observation and recollection, because of a person's bias, or because the witness is lying. If several witnesses witness a crime it is probative to look for similarities in their collective descriptions to substantiate the facts of an event, keeping in mind the contrasts of individual descriptions. One study involved an experiment in which subjects acted as jurors in a criminal case. Jurors heard a description of a robbery-murder, then a prosecution argument, then an argument for the defense. Some jurors heard only circumstantial evidence, others heard from a clerk who claimed to identify the defendant. In the first case, 18% percent found the defendant guilty, but in the second, 72% found the defendant guilty. (Loftus 1988) Lineups, where the eyewitness picks out a suspect from a group of people in the police station, are often grossly suggestive, and give the false impression that the witness remembered the suspect. In another study, students watched a staged crime. An hour later they looked through photos. A week later they were asked to pick the suspect out of lineups. 8% of the people in the lineups were mistakenly identified as criminals. 20% of the innocent people whose photographs were included were mistakenly identified. (University of Nebraska 1977) Another study looked at sixty-five cases of "erroneous criminal convictions of innocent people." In 45% of the cases, eyewitness mistakes were responsible. (Borchard p. 367). A witness who specializes in an area of study relevant to the crime is called an expert witness. Scientists and doctors are often called to give expert witness testimony. There have been a number of films and television dramas revolving around the idea of the witness, generally with the word in their title - Witness for the Prosecution, Witness (television series), Silent Witness, Mute Witness, and Witness (1985 movie). A certain number of witnesses are legally required to be present at weddings and certain other official events, and may have to sign a register as evidence of the event having taken place. Many other legal documents require witnesses to signatures; the witness does not need to read the document, but does need to see it being signed. The witness should not be party to the transaction, so in the case of wills, the witness should not be one of the beneficiaries. This page about movie Witness includes information from a Wikipedia article. Additional articles about movie Witness News stories about movie Witness External links for movie Witness Videos for movie Witness Wikis about movie Witness Discussion Groups about movie Witness Blogs about movie Witness Images of movie Witness |
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The witness should not be party to the transaction, so in the case of wills, the witness should not be one of the beneficiaries. See link for further details. Many other legal documents require witnesses to signatures; the witness does not need to read the document, but does need to see it being signed. As several of these stories were written during the period after Return of the Jedi hit theaters and before The Phantom Menace was made, numerous potential errors in the Expanded Universe continue to exist and several of the tales have been deemed apocryphal with regards to the continuity of the six films. A certain number of witnesses are legally required to be present at weddings and certain other official events, and may have to sign a register as evidence of the event having taken place. The decades long Galactic Civil War was finally over. There have been a number of films and television dramas revolving around the idea of the witness, generally with the word in their title - Witness for the Prosecution, Witness (television series), Silent Witness, Mute Witness, and Witness (1985 movie). The remnants of the Imperial forces signed a peace treaty with the New Republic. Scientists and doctors are often called to give expert witness testimony. Fifteen years after the Battle of Endor Admiral Pellaeon and the other Imperial leaders realized that further military conflict with the New Republic would be fruitless. A witness who specializes in an area of study relevant to the crime is called an expert witness. But the New Republic would weather all these storms. 367). The New Republic would even be challenged by the Reborn Emperor - the spirit of Palpatine in a new clone body. (Borchard p. The New Republic would be challenged by Imperial commanders, such as Grand Admiral Thrawn, Admiral Daala, Admiral Pellaeon, and Ysanne Isard. Another study looked at sixty-five cases of "erroneous criminal convictions of innocent people." In 45% of the cases, eyewitness mistakes were responsible. The war continued for another 15 years. (University of Nebraska 1977). Within five years, well over half of what was Imperial space was under the control of the New Republic. 20% of the innocent people whose photographs were included were mistakenly identified. The destruction of the Death Star, the loss of Vader and the Emperor, and the defeat of the Imperial fleet represented a major turning point in the war. 8% of the people in the lineups were mistakenly identified as criminals. In the Expanded Universe, the Battle of Endor was not the end of the story. A week later they were asked to pick the suspect out of lineups. Amidst the celebrations, Luke catches sight of the spirit figures of Ben Kenobi, Yoda, and the redeemed Anakin Skywalker. An hour later they looked through photos. The entire galaxy celebrates the death of the Emperor, the downfall of the Empire and the virtual end of the Galactic Civil War. In another study, students watched a staged crime. That evening, Luke cremates what remains of Darth Vader/Anakin Skywalker. (Loftus 1988) Lineups, where the eyewitness picks out a suspect from a group of people in the police station, are often grossly suggestive, and give the false impression that the witness remembered the suspect. Han and Leia engage in a passionate kiss. In the first case, 18% percent found the defendant guilty, but in the second, 72% found the defendant guilty. Leia divulges that Luke is her brother. Some jurors heard only circumstantial evidence, others heard from a clerk who claimed to identify the defendant. Sensing that Leia has feelings for Luke, Han tells her he will not interfere. Jurors heard a description of a robbery-murder, then a prosecution argument, then an argument for the defense. Luke and the remnants of his father Anakin escape the Death Star, and moments later, so do Lando and Wedge just as the Death Star explodes. One study involved an experiment in which subjects acted as jurors in a criminal case. Lando and Wedge Antilles, now the only remaining Rebel fighters inside the Death Star, fire at the super weapon's main reactor, causing its collapse. If several witnesses witness a crime it is probative to look for similarities in their collective descriptions to substantiate the facts of an event, keeping in mind the contrasts of individual descriptions. With that, Anakin Skywalker, the former Lord Darth Vader, dies. This can occur because of a person's faulty observation and recollection, because of a person's bias, or because the witness is lying. Anakin says Luke was right about him, and asks him to tell his sister the same. Studies have shown that individual, separate witness testimony is often flawed and parts of it can be meaningless. Luke removes the helmet, revealing the pale face of his father. Witness testimony is often presumed to be better than circumstantial evidence. Realizing there is no hope for his survival, Anakin asks Luke to take his mask off so he can look upon his son with his own eyes. Usually it can be issued by a judge or by the lawyer representing the plaintiff or the defendant in a civil trial or by the prosecutor or the defense attorney in a criminal proceeding. The destruction of the Executor causes panic on the Death Star as Imperial personnel scramble to escape pods and shuttles, knowing that the battle is lost. It is used to compel the testimony of witnesses in a trial. Other Rebel starships and fighters attack point blank at the Executor, leading to the Imperial flagship's bridge shields collapsing, before an out of control A-wing destroys the command deck and the Super Star Destroyer crashes into the surface of the battlestation. In many jurisdictions it is compulsory to comply, to take an oath, and tell the truth, under penalty of perjury. Upon having casualties, the group decides to split up and half of the fighters returns to the surface. A subpoena commands a person to appear. Meanwhile, in an intense battle, Lando leads Wedge and his fighter group into the bowels of the Death Star followed by TIE Fighters. Witnesses are often called before a court of law to testify in trials. Thus, the dramatic redemption of Anakin Skywalker begins as the former Dark Lord lifts the Emperor, and despite the deadly Force lightning surging through his suit, he drops his former master into a chasm, killing the Emperor. A witness who has seen the event first-hand is known as an eye-witness. Realizing that Luke cannot be turned to the Dark Side, the Emperor uses Force lightning against him to deliver the final blow. Vader is deeply affected by the sight of his son dying. seeing, hearing, smelling, touching) and can help certify important considerations to the crime or event. They plant an explosive and escape the bunker before its destruction. With the shield down, the Death Star can be attacked. A witness is someone who has first-hand knowledge about a crime or dramatic event through their senses (e.g. Han, Leia and Chewbacca regain access to the bunker. See witness (disambiguation) for other meanings and for various art and similar works by that and similar names.. He declares himself a Jedi. This article is about witnesses in law courts. The Emperor encourages Luke to kill his father so the young Jedi can take Vader's place alongside Palpatine. But Luke controls his anger and throws aside his lightsaber. Vader intends to turn her to the Dark Side if Luke won't, but Luke responds viciously, striking off Vader's right hand. Vader senses in his son's mind that Luke has a sister. On the Death Star, Luke attacks the Emperor fueled by anger, only to be deflected by Vader. To decrease ship casualties the rebel fleet decides to attack the Imperial fleet at point blank, judging that the Emperor will not fire upon his own ships. The Death Star is revealed to be fully operational. An intense space battle begins as the Imperial fleet fights a holding action to prevent the Rebels from running for deep space, while the Rebel fleet battles to buy the surface party more time to complete their mission. The Rebel fleet emerges from hyperspace for the battle, but discovers the shield is still up. A battle begins with the Rebels and Ewoks against the Empire. Solo and company are led out of the bunker, but the Ewoks begin their attack. On Endor, the Rebels enter the shield generator, only to be taken prisoner by waiting Imperial forces. They go to the Death Star and meet the Emperor, who reveals that the Emperor himself coordinated the Rebels finding the secret plans and locating the shield generator so that the Alliance can fall into a trap. Luke surrenders peacefully to the Empire, and unsuccessfully tries to convince Vader to abandon the Dark Side. He reveals the truth to Leia: That she is his sister and Vader is their father. Luke decides the time has come for him to leave Endor and face Darth Vader. The Ewoks agree to join the fight against the Empire. Luke cleverly uses the Force to get the Ewoks to set them free. The droid's friends are taken prisoner. Luke, Han, Chewie, and the droids fall into a trap set by Ewoks, who discover C3PO and treat him as their god. A speeder bike chase ensues, resulting in Leia being separated from Han and Luke. Leia is awakened by an Ewok, one of Endor's forest creatures. The crew land on Endor only to be discovered by stormtroopers. As part of the plans, Luke and his companions must penetrate the shield generator on the moon of Endor to deactivate the shield that protects the Death Star. At the rendezvous point, the Rebel Alliance discusses plans to attack the Death Star. Luke senses that his sister is Princess Leia. Kenobi also reveals that Luke has a twin sister, hidden from Luke at birth as protection from the Emperor. As Luke approaches his X-Wing, the spirit form of Ben Kenobi confirms that Vader was once Anakin Skywalker, a former Jedi who turned to the Dark Side. The Jedi Master gives one last mention of wisdom to Luke before he dies. Yoda then reveals that Vader is indeed Luke's father. All that remains for Luke is to confront Vader. Luke has returned to complete his training, but Yoda says no further training is required. Luke and R2 arrive on Dagobah to find Yoda ill. As he and Darth Vader walk past the thousands of Imperial troops assembled in the hangar bay, they discuss the plot to turn Luke to the Dark Side. Meanwhile, the Emperor arrives on the Death Star. The rest of the crew departs for the rendezvous point where the Rebel Alliance is assembling. Luke and R2-D2 head for Dagobah to return to Yoda. Luke and crew manage to escape just before Jabba’s Sail Barge explodes. Boba Fett falls into the Sarlacc pit, and Jabba is choked to death by Leia. A large battle ensues. With the help of R2-D2, Luke retrieves a lightsaber. Luke and his companions approach the Pit of Carkoon. As punishment, Jabba commands Luke and his friends to be destroyed by the Sarlacc. Luke overpowers the Rancor, but is captured by Jabba's minions. The next morning, Luke arrives to make one final plea to Jabba to release Solo, but Jabba orders Luke to be thrown into the pit of the Rancor monster. Both Solo and Leia are captured. That night, Leia removes her disguise and frees Solo from the carbonite, only to be overseen by Jabba. Jabba sends Chewie to the prisons. That evening, Princess Leia, disguised as a bounty hunter, arrives with "prisoner" Chewbacca to collect bounty from Jabba. R2-D2 and C-3PO arrive with a holographic message from Luke pleading Jabba to release Solo, but the droids end up slaves. Luke Skywalker and company arrive on Tatooine to rescue Han Solo, who is held prisoner in carbonite by the gangster Jabba the Hutt. The Empire is working on the construction of a second Death Star, which is to be more powerful than the first. Return of the Jedi takes place in 4 ABY, one year after the events of The Empire Strikes Back. The following summary is based upon the original 1983 theatrical release version, and not upon the 1997 and 2004
re-releases.. In the DVD release, Shaw continued to be Anakin in the hanger bay scene. Sebastian Shaw played Anakin in the hanger bay and in the final celebration scene in the original film. A Gungan can be heard yelling "We-sa free" in this scene. During the sequence when the Emperor's defeat at Endor is announced to the galaxy, an additional scene showing the celebrations on Theed, Naboo was shown. There have a few further minor changes to the film on this release - such as sound effects and improvements to the visual quality of the film. On September 20, 2004 the three original movies were finally released on DVD. As with the other two films of his original trilogy, Lucas issued a Special Edition of Return of the Jedi in 1997, making a number of cosmetic changes and additions, including replacing a piece of music from the closing scene. However, there are two extras wearing the rank of lieutenant in the scene where the Emperor arrives. This was not recognized by the production staff until halfway through the film's shooting and the error remained uncorrected in the final version of the film. A serious wardrobe problem was present in the film in that all Imperial characters, regardless of rank, are shown wearing identical rank insignia, being that of an Imperial Navy Commander. See Star Wars (radio) for details. The first two Star Wars movies were adapted for National Public Radio in the early 1980s, but it was not until 1996 that a radio version of Return of the Jedi was heard. The space battle between the Rebel and Imperial fleets, and the starfighter attack on the Death Star, were well-regarded by critics. His new light-sabre is green.). (Ironically, in the film's release poster, Luke Skywalker is depicted holding a blue light-sabre- a light-sabre colour which does not appear in the film. With a massive worldwide marketing campaign, Star Wars series artist Drew Struzan created the iconic and distinctive images for the movie posters and other advertising. Contemporary critics seem to have been largely complimentary; in 1983, Roger Ebert gave the film a four-star rating at its 1983 release, and Gary Arnold at the Washington Post described it as "a triumph". The Ewoks are regarded as a deliberately cute merchandising opportunity, and the idea that a community of creatures whose technology was essentially Stone Age could, with minimal assistance, defeat the "Empire's best troops", is thought of as stretching credibility even in a simple adventure story. While the action sequences are well-regarded, including the speeder bike chase on the Endor moon and the climactic space battles, the battle between the Ewoks and the Stormtroopers remains a longtime fan complaint about the movie. Some indication of public opinion can be gained by its ranking in the IMDB Top 250 films list; as of June 2005 it was ranked 127 in the Top 250, compared with A New Hope at number 8, and The Empire Strikes Back at number 10. In retrospect, Return of the Jedi is regarded by most critics and Star Wars fans as the weakest of the original trilogy. During production, in an attempt to maintain secrecy and disguise the filming from fans and press, it was alleged it was a horror film entitled Blue Harvest and utilizing the slogan "Horror Beyond Imagination". In any event, the original title was partially reused for Episode III: Revenge of the Sith. But it has also been claimed that Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan was originally subtitled The Vengeance of Khan, and that the title was changed because of its similarity to Revenge of the Jedi. The film was originally named Revenge of the Jedi until it was pointed out that revenge is contrary to the Jedi code, though many speculate that the change was always planned to throw off fans (as well as producers of counterfeit merchandise). Howard Kazanjian served as producer. The screenplay was written by Lawrence Kasdan and Lucas (with uncredited contributions by David Webb Peoples), based on Lucas' story. It also claims Lucas took over most of the post-production duties. However, some writers have noticed differences between Richard Marquand's shooting style and that of Lucas's own work. The film's direction is credited to the late Richard Marquand, but reports have suggested that George Lucas was still heavily involved in the shooting of the film, and at least directed some of the second unit work. According to the book Empire Building, Lucas was on set for filming of Return of the Jedi almost every day, sometimes directing scenes himself, or instructing Marquand how he should shoot. It debuted in 1983, and was re-released with changes in 1997 and 2004. Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi is the sixth and final chapter of George Lucas's Star Wars film series. Dalyn Chew, Celia Fushille-Burke, Mercedes Ngoh, Jennifer Jaffe (special edition). Jedi Rocks dancers ... Jackson, Richard Jones, Trevor Jones, Glynn Jones, Karen Lay, John Lummiss, Nancy Maclean, Peter Mandell, Carole Morris, Stacy Nichols, Chris Nunn, Barbara O'laughlin, Brian Orenstein, Harrell Parker Jr., John Pedrick, April Perkins, Ronnie Phillips, Katie Purvis, Carol Read, Nicholas Read, Diana Reynolds, Daniel Rodgers, Chris Romano, Dean Shackenford, Kiran Shah, Felix Silla, Linda Spriggs, Gerald Staddon, Josephine Staddon, Kevin Thompson, Kendra Wall, Brian Wheeler, Butch Wilhelm. Balham, Bobbie Bell, Patty Bell, Alan Bennett, Sarah Bennett, Pamela Betts, Dan Blackner, Linda Bowley, Peter Burroughs, Debbie Carrington, Maureen Charlton, William Coppen , Sadie Corrie, Tony Cox, John Cumming, Jean D'agostino, Luis De Jesus, Debbie Dixon, Margarita Fernandez, Phil Fondacaro, Sal Fondacaro, Tony Friel, Dan Frishman, John Gavam, Michael Gilden, Paul Grant, Lydia Green, Lars Green, Pam Grizz, Andrew Herd, J.J. Margo Apostocos, Ray Armstrong, Eileen Baker, Michael H. Ewoks ... Michael McCormick, Simon Williamson, Swim Lee, Richard Robinson, Deep Roy, Hugh Spirit, Michael Quinn. Puppeteers ... Toby Philpott , David Alan Barclay , Mike Edmonds. Jabba Puppeteers ... Tom Mannion. Stardestroyer Captain #2 ... Pip Miller. Stardestroyer Captain #1 ... Jonathan Oliver. Stardestroyer Controller #2 ... Adam Bareham. Stardestroyer Controller #1 ... Nicki Reade. Nicki ... Mike Cottrell. Ewok Warrior ... Malcom Dixon. Ewok Warrior ... Jane Busby. Chief Chirpa ... Mike Edmonds. Logray ... Jack Purvis. Teebo ... Claire Davenport. Fat Dancer ... Annie Arbogast. Sy Snootles ... Femi Taylor. Oola ... Jeremy Bulloch. Boba Fett ... Kenny Baker. Paploo ... Warwick Davis. Wicket ... Caroline Blakiston. Mon Mothma ... Dermot Crowley. General Madine ... Tim Rose. Admiral Ackbar ... Denis Lawson. Wedge ... Michael Carter. Bib Fortuna ... Kenneth Colley. Admiral Piett ... Michael Pennington. Moff Jerjerrod ... Kenny Baker. R2-D2 ... Alec Guiness. Ben (Obi-Wan) Kenobi ... David Prowse. Darth Vader ... James Earl Jones. Voice of Darth Vader ... Frank Oz. Performing Yoda ... Ian McDiarmid. The Emperor ... Sebastian Shaw. Anakin Skywalker ... Peter Mayhew. Chewbacca ... Anthony Daniels. C-3PO ... Billy Dee Williams. Lando Calrissian ... Carrie Fisher. Princess Leia ... Harrison Ford. Han Solo ... Mark Hamill. Luke Skywalker ... |