VHS

Windows and Microsoft vs. There are several video games for various platforms starring the X-Men. IBM, Macintosh vs. In 1996, FOX produced a television movie based on the X-Men spinoff Generation X. The format war and the "marketing over technology" claims have taken on a life of their own, and have been used as analogies in the battles of the computer industry, including Apple vs. James Cameron, director of Aliens and The Terminator, was said to be the most likely director of the films but it never came to fruition. Sony ultimately conceded the fight in the late '80s, bringing out a line of VHS VCRs. The first attempts to make a film version of the X-Men began in the late 1980s along with Spider-Man and Hulk films.

Ultimately Betamax did manage to make up some of the difference on recording time, but this was too little, too late. The X-Men also introduced several fictional locations which are regarded as important within the shared universe in which Marvel Comics characters exist:. The longer tape time is sometimes cited as the defining factor in the format war, as the longer VHS tapes allowed consumers to record entire programs unattended, and arguably created the entire video rental industry by providing sufficient playing time for most feature films to be distributed on a single cassette. Wells, having portrayed to some degree the experience of disfigured people in late twentieth century American society. Betamax held an early lead in the format war, offering some technical advantages, but by 1980 VHS was gaining due to its longer tape time (3 hours maximum, compared to just 60 minutes for Betamax) and JVC's less strict licensing program. The comics have also featured mutants whose mutation results in physical disfigurement as well as the granting of powers, with the Morlocks, inspired in part by the Morlock characters created by H.G. In fact, however, the root causes of VHS' victory are somewhat more complex. Homosexual characters include Northstar, Destiny, and Karma, Anole, with Mystique portrayed as being bisexual.

Since Betamax was widely perceived at the time as the better format, it is often stated that VHS' eventual victory was a victory of marketing over technical excellence. Examples of Jewish characters include Shadowcat and Sabra, whilst Dust is a devout Muslim, Nightcrawler a devout Catholic and Thunderbird III and Karima Shapandar are followers of the Hindu faith. As mentioned, VHS was the winner of a protracted and somewhat bitter format war during the early 1980s against Sony's Betamax format. In addition, characters within the X-Men mythos also reflect religious, ethnic or sexual minorities. Conversely, an E-300 tape runs for 300 minutes in PAL-SP, but 200 minutes in NTSC-SP. Long before international characters became popular in the comics world, the X-Men franchise brought in characters from all over the world such as from:. For example, a T-120 tape runs for 120 minutes in NTSC-SP, but 180 minutes in PAL-SP. Since Giant-Size X-Men #1 (1975), the X-Men have also become famous for their wide cultural and ethnic diversity.

It can easily be derived by multiplying with 3/2 or 2/3, respectively. Thus, the effects of alienation on one's well-being and psyche are often explored in the franchise. It is perfectly possible to record and play back a blank T-XXX tape in a PAL machine or a blank E-XXX tape in an NTSC machine, but the resulting playing time will be different than indicated. For instance, Cyclops must wear a visor or specialized glasses at all times to keep his powers in control and has thus grown-up emotionally restrained; Rogue, whose mutant power prevents her from establishing physical contact with others, feels an enormous sense of personal isolation and the scientifically brilliant Beast must always fight the perception that he is a monstrous brute due to his furry, animalistic appearance. In order to avoid confusion, manufacturers indicate the playing time in minutes that can be expected for the market the tape is sold in:. This metaphorical content is also present, more personally rather than politically, in some of the characters. Both NTSC and PAL/SECAM VHS cassettes are physically identical (although the signals recorded on the tape are incompatible.) However, as tape speeds differ between NTSC and PAL/SECAM, the playing time for any given cassette will vary accordingly between the systems. Part of the attraction of the X-Men is that it offers a sanctuary to openly explore and celebrate your differences within a unique subculture.

Likewise, S-VHS machines for the Brazilian market record in NTSC and convert to/from PAL-M. The mutant "power" that must be hidden from the world is analogous to feelings of difference and fear usually developed in everyone during adolescence. S-VHS machines sold in SECAM markets record internally in PAL, and convert to/from SECAM during record/playback, respectively. Director Bryan Singer has remarked that aside from specific differences of race or sexual orientation, the X-Men franchise has served as a metaphor for acceptance of all people for their special and unique gifts. S-VHS only exists in PAL/625/25 and NTSC/525/30. Also the series District X takes place in an area of New York City called "mutant town." These instances can also serve as analogies for any minority within the population that establishes a specific subculture of its own. Dedicated multistandard machines can usually handle all standards listed, some high end model can even convert a tape from one standard to another by using a built-in standards converter. In some cases, particularly in Grant Morrison’s stories of the early 2000s, mutants were portrayed as a distinct subculture with “mutant bands” and a popular mutant fashion designer who created outfits tailored to mutant physiology.

regular VHS machines sold in Europe nowadays can typically handle PAL, MESECAM for record and playback, plus NTSC for playback only. It should be noted, though, that issues of class stratification have never been part of the X-Men’s creed. E.g. In the 2000 X-Men film Kelly exclaims "we need to find out who these mutants are and what they can do," even brandishing a "list" of known mutants (a reference to Senator Joseph McCarthy's list of alleged Communist Party members). These can handle VHS tapes of more than one standards. Senator Robert Kelly's proposal of a "Mutant Registration Act" is similar to the efforts of Congress to effectively ban communism in the United States. Since the 1990s dual- and multistandard VHS machines have become more and more common. Occasionally, undercurrents of the "red scare" are present.

The following signal varieties exist in conventional VHS:. The mutant slave labor camps on the island of Genosha, in which numbers were burned into mutants’ foreheads, show much in common with Nazi concentration camps as do the internment camps of the classic Days of Future Past storyline. Typically, a VHS machine can only handle signals of the country it was sold in. In the comic books, Magneto has routinely sought to establish a "mutant homeland" which may be a parallel to modern day Israel. However, a machine must be designed to record a given standard. At one point he even utters the words "never again" in a 1992 episode of the X-Men animated series. VHS can record and play back all varieties of analogue television signals in existence at the time VHS was devised. Magneto, a Holocaust survivor sees the situation of mutants as similar to those of Jews in Nazi Germany.

This format is most notably used by Fox for some of its cable networks. Somewhat more explicitly suggested is the comparison to anti-semitism. This format is the least expensive format to support a pre-read edit. The comic books delved into the AIDS epidemic during the early 1990s with a long-running plotline about the Legacy Virus, a seemingly incurable disease similarly thought at first to only attack mutants. There is also a JVC-designed component digital professional production format known as Digital-S or (officially) D9 that uses a VHS form factor tape and essentially the same mechanical tape handling techniques as an S-VHS recorder. Ian McKellen (who played Magneto in the film) was involved. This development hampered the sales of the Betamax system somewhat, because the Betamax cassette geometry prevented a similar development. In addition, the first film featured a scene in which Senator Robert Kelly questioned whether mutants should be allowed to teach children in school, mirroring such debates as that over Section 28, in which Sir.

The magnetic tape on VHS-C cassettes is wound on one main spool and uses a gear wheel to advance the tape; the wheel and spool can also be moved by hand. This was illustrated in a scene of the second X-Men film, directed by openly gay director Bryan Singer in which Bobby Drake "came out" as a mutant to his parents. Since VHS-C tapes are based on the same magnetic tape as full size tapes, they can be played back in standard VHS players using a mechanical adapter, without the need of any kind of signal conversion. Comparisons have been made between the mutants' situation, including the concealment of their powers and the age they realize these powers and homosexuality. Another variant is VHS-C (C for compact), used in some camcorders. Another civil rights metaphor applied to the X-Men is that of gay rights. W-VHS caters for high definition video. He was, wrote Darius, explicitly counter-revolutionary.

Devices have also been invented which directly connect a personal computer to VHS tape recorders for use as a data backup device. In the earliest comics, Xavier expressed no concern with mutant rights but instead focusing on stopping mutant menaces. Several improved versions of VHS exist, most notably S-VHS, an improved analog standard, and D-VHS, which records digital video onto a VHS form factor tape. Sentinels are thought to often represent oppressive forces like the KKK giving a form to denial of civil rights and amendments, Disney's Gargoyles also did this with the Quarrymen. There was a time when higher-end VCRs provided functions for manually removing and adding these index marks — so that, for example, they coincide with the actual start of the program — but this feature has become hard to find in recent models. In 2002, comics critic Julian Darius argued in "X-Men is Not an Allegory of Racial Tolerance" that a close examination of early X-Men comics would make Magneto not Malcolm X, but the radical revolutionaries of the Black Panthers. These are normally written at the beginning of each recording session, and can be found using the VCR's index search function: this will fast-wind forward or backward to the nth specified index mark, and resume playback from there. While this interpretation has become commonplace, it is not without its critics.

The control track can additionally hold index marks. X-Men comic books have often portrayed mutants as the victim of mob violence, evoking images of the lynchings of African-Americans in the age before the American civil rights movement. Since good tracking depends on the exact distance between the rotating drum and the fixed control/audio head reading the linear tracks, which usually varies by a couple of micrometers between machines due to manufacturing tolerances, most VCRs offer tracking adjustment, either manual or automatic, to correct such mismatches.
. Another linear control track, at the tape's lower edge, holds pulses that mark the beginning of every frame of video; these are used to fine-tune the tape speed during playback and to get the rotating heads exactly on their helical tracks rather than having them end up somewhere between two adjacent tracks (a feature called tracking). The X-Men’s purpose is sometimes referred to achieving "Xavier’s dream" perhaps a reference to King’s historic "I Have a Dream" speech. These advanced features are impossible to find on later-model VCRs due to the rise of digital video formats. and Magneto to the more militant Malcolm X.

Another high-end feature was manual audio level control, which made the VHS HiFi format much more useful for high-quality audio-only recording purposes as discussed above. Professor X has been compared to African American civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. (Due to the different ways in which linear and HiFi audio are recorded, these kinds of dubbing were not possible with the HiFi tracks). Also on an individual level, a number of X-Men serve a metaphorical function as their powers illustrate points about the nature of the outsider. Without the dubbing features, this task would've required the tape to be copied to another tape which would cause generational loss. The conflict between mutants and normal humans is often compared to the experience minority groups such as African-Americans, homosexuals. This was useful, for example, for laying a song over a previously edited-together montage of short video clips that were the same total duration as that song. The entire X-Men franchise is built on a sociopolitical undercurrent.

These would move the tape past the heads and keep the video unchanged while recording new linear audio or keep the linear audio unchanged while recording new video, respectively. Notable story arcs of this time are "House of M" in 2005, "Wild Kingdom" in 2005, and Decimation in 2005 and 2006. Some higher-end VHS and S-VHS VCRs once offered "audio dubbing" and "video dubbing" functions. Its conclusion drastically altered the mutant population on Earth, reducing it to a few hundred individuals with all others, including X-Men members, losing their powers. Of course, for backward compatibility, hi-fi VCRs still write the linear audio track during recording, and can automatically read it during playback if the hi-fi audio is not present. The mid-2000s have been dominated by the reality-warping changes of the crossover event House of M, which temporarily created a mutant paradise with Magneto as the world's leader. The excellent sound quality of hi-fi VHS has gained it some popularity as an audio format in certain applications; in particular, ordinary home hi-fi VCRs are sometimes used by home recording enthusiasts as a handy and inexpensive medium for making high-quality stereo mixdowns and master recordings from multitrack audio tape. As well, Cable and Deadpool's books, Soldier X and Agent X, were rolled into one book, Cable and Deadpool.

When the video signal is written by the following video head, it erases and overwrites the audio signal at the surface of the tape, but leaves the deeper portion of the signal undisturbed. Several short-lived spin-offs and mini-series started including Gambit, Rogue, District X, Phoenix: Endsong, Colossus: Bloodline and Jubilee. These audio tracks take advantage of depth multiplexing: since they use lower frequencies than the video, their magnetization signals penetrate deeper into the tape. This period also included the deaths and resurrections, most notably Psylocke and Colossus. More recent hi-fi VCRs add higher-quality stereo audio tracks which are read and written by heads located on the same spinning drum that carries the video heads, frequency modulated to the unused frequency range in between the chroma and luma signals. Decades-long relationships all disintegrated specially Jean Grey and Cyclops. In the original VHS format, audio was recorded unmodulated in a single (monaural) linear track at the upper edge of the tape, which was limited in frequency response by the tape speed. Also memorable villains, most notably Cassandra Nova.

The video bandwidth is achieved with a relatively low tape speed by the use of helical scan recording of a frequency modulated luminance (black and white) signal, to which a frequency-reduced "color under" chroma (hue and saturation) signal is added. This period also featured the return of Rachel Summers, now Rachel Grey, Jean Grey's daughter from an alternate future. The vertical resolution of VHS (and all other analog recording methods) is determined by the TV standard — a maximum of 486 lines are visible in NTSC and a maximum of 576 lines in PAL. Notable additions to the X-Men have been X-23, Stacy X, Emma Frost, Xorn and Sage. The frequency modulation of the luminance signal makes higher resolutions impossible within the VHS standard, no matter how advanced the recorder's technology. Xavier left in order to restore a vague sense of order and stability to the wasted land, leaving Cyclops and Emma Frost as the new leaders of the Institute which now functions as a large-scale school. VHS tapes have approximately 3 MHz of video bandwidth, and a horizontal resolution of about 240 discernible lines per scanline [1]. The bright spandex costumes that had become iconic over the previous decades were gone, replaced by black leather street clothes reminiscent the uniforms of the X-Men movies.

An unofficial LP mode with half the standard speed exists on some NTSC machines, but is not part of the VHS standard. Marvel added new series like Weapon X, Exiles, the new X-Force; later retitled X-Statix, New X-Men a teenaged soap opera comic focusing on the lives of the new young mutants at the Institute , Ultimate X-Men, a reinvention of the concept featuring of the X-Men set in the Ultimate Marvel Universe and meant to appeal to new readers, and Astonishing X-Men with writer Joss Whedon.. Because of this, commercial prerecorded tapes were almost always recorded in SP mode. Morrison left Marvel on 2004 and Xtreme X-Men was cancelled. Of course, these speed reductions cause corresponding reductions in video quality; also, tapes recorded at the lower speed often exhibit poor playback performance on recorders other than the one they were produced on. He was soon removed on his two flagship titles in early 2001 and created his own spinoff series, X-Treme X-Men. More recent machines usually allow the selection of longer recording times by lowering the tape speed: LP mode (for PAL and some NTSC machines) halves the tape speed and doubles the recording time, while EP mode (for NTSC and some newer PAL machines, aka SLP mode) drops the tape speed to one-third, for triple the recording time. In 2000s, Claremont returned to Marvel.

Most cassettes have lower recording times because they use thicker tape, which helps avoid jams; careful users generally avoid the thinnest tapes. In 1998 Excalibur and X-Factor ended and the latter replaced with the parallel world series Mutant X starring Havok. A cassette holds a maximum of about 430 m of tape at the lowest acceptable tape thickness, giving a maximum playing time of about 3.5 hours for NTSC and 5 hours for PAL at "standard" (SP) quality. Marvel launched solo series for characters including Cable, Gambit, Bishop and Deadpool, the last a sarcastic mercenary antagonist of X-Force. The tape speed is 3.335 cm/s for NTSC, 2.339 cm/s for PAL. These included Generation X starring another team of teenage mutants and X-Man starring a powerful young mutant Nate Grey, an alternate version of Cable from the "Age of Apocalypse" reality. A VHS cassette contains a ½ inch (12.7 mm) wide magnetic tape wound between two spools, allowing it to be slowly passed over the various playback and recording heads of the video cassette recorder. The 1990s saw an even greater number of X-books with numerous ongoing series and miniseries running concurrently.

. Notable story arcs of this time are the "The X-Tinction Agenda" in 1990, "X-Cutioner's Song" in 1992, "Phalanx Covenant" in 1994, "Legion Quest"/"Age of Apocalypse" in 1995, "Onslaught" in 1996 and "Operation: Zero Tolerance" in 1997. Most newer VHS machines do not perform this unthreading step, as due to improved engineering, head-tape contact is no longer an impediment to fast winding. Notable additions to the X-Men have been Gambit, Forge, Jubilee, and Bishop. Early VHS machines could rewind and fast forward the tape considerably faster than a Betamax VCR since they unthreaded the tape from the playback heads before commencing any high-speed winding. Months later, Liefeld and Lee left Marvel with several other popular artists including former X-Men artists Marc Silvestri and Whilce Portacio to form Image Comics. VHS initially offered a longer playing time than the Betamax system, and it also had the advantage of a far less complex tape transport mechanism. Claremont left after only four issues of X-Men due to clashes with Lee and the Marvel editors, thus ending his fifteen-year run as X-Men writer.

VHS became a standard format for consumer recording and viewing in the 1980s and 1990s after competing in a fierce format war with Sony's Betamax and, to a lesser extent, Philips' Video 2000. Internal friction split the X-Men books' creative teams. Some early reports claim the name originally stood for Victor Helical Scan System. The original series of this title having been already renamed to Uncanny X-Men. VHS officially stands for Video Home System, but it initially stood for Vertical Helical Scan, after the relative head/tape scan technique.
In 1991, Marvel revised the entire lineup of X-books, creating X-Force led by the mysterious warhawk Cable written by Rob Liefeld and Fabian Nicieza and launched a second X-Men series simply called X-Men. The Video Home System, first released in September 1976, better known by its abbreviation VHS, is a recording and playing standard for video cassette recorders (VCRs), developed by JVC (with some of its critical technology under lucrative licensing agreements with Sony) and launched in 1976. This period also included the arrival of the mysterious Madelyne Pryor and the return of Jean Grey.

Viz Video (1993-). A controversial move was to have Professor X relocate to space in 1986 to be with his beloved Lilandra, Majestrix of the Shi'ar Empire, making Magneto the head of the X-Men. Buena Vista Home Entertainment (1989-). Notable additions to the X-Men have been Shadowcat, Rogue, Dazzler, Psylocke, Longshot and Jubilee. Miramax Home Entertainment, a unit of Buena Vista Home Entertainment (1989-). This plethora of X-Men-related titles led to the rise of crossovers, sometimes called "X-Overs", storylines which would overlap into several X-Books, sometimes for months at a time and usually once per year; including the Mutant Massacre, the The Fall of the Mutants and Inferno. New Line Home Entertainment, a TimeWarner Company (1989-). In the 1980s, the growing popularity of Uncanny X-Men and the rise of comic book specialty stores lead to the introduction of several spin-off series nicknamed "X-Books", most notably The New Mutants, X-Factor and Excalibur.

Carolco Home Video, a division of Artisan Entertainment, a Lions Gate Company (1988-1995). New characters and teams that were introduced included Kitty Pryde, the Morlocks, the White Queen of the Hellfire Club, Rogue, Rachel Summers and Dazzler/Alison Blaire. Orion Home Video, a Sony Pictures Entertainment Company (1988-1997). The run met great critical acclaim and produced the "Dark Phoenix Saga" and "Days of Future Past"; arguably two of the greatest story arcs in Marvel Comics as well as X-Men: God Loves, Man Kills; the base of the 2003 movie X2. Anchor Bay Entertainment (1980s-). The revived series was illustrated by Cockrum and later John Byrne and written by Chris Claremont, who would become the series' longest-standing contributor. Hi-Tops Video, a Heron Communications Company (1985-1992). The "all-new, all-different X-Men" were led by Cyclops from the original team and consisted of the newly created Thunderbird/John Proudstar, Colossus/Piotr Rasputin, Nightcrawler/Kurt Wagner and Storm/Ororo Munroe, along with three previously introduced characters, Sunfire/Shiro Yashida, Banshee/Sean Cassidy and, most notably, Wolverine/Logan who would become the breakout character.

Simitar Entertainment (1980s-1990s). Rather than teenagers, this group consisted of adults who hailed from a variety of nations and cultures. Touchstone Home Entertainment, a unit of the Walt Disney Company (1984-). In Giant-Size X-Men #1 (1975), writer Len Wein and artist Dave Cockrum introduced a new team that would appear in new issues of The X-Men beginning with issue #94. Artisan Entertainment, a Lions Gate Company (1984-). However, these early X-Men issues failed to attract sales and Marvel stopped producing new stories with issue #66, although a number of the older comics were later reprinted as issues 67-93. Family Home Entertainment, a division of Artisan Entertainment, a Lions Gate Company (1982-). In 1969, writer Roy Thomas and artist Neal Adams rejuvenated the franchise and introduced two new characters Havok/Alex Summers and Polaris/Lorna Dane.

NBC Home Video, an NBC/Universal Company (1981-). Then take in consideration that their arch Nemisis Magneto was Jewish, who survived a concetration camp and Scarlet Witch and Quicksilver (who would later be revealed as twin children of Magneto) where gypsies, which is a minority in Europe. Universal Studios Home Video, an NBC/Universal Company (1980-). Ironically, the team that was suppose to show the extreme horrors of prejudice and racism was mostly "Waspy", which is obvious just by their names. Magnetic Video, the first duplicator/distributor of movies on video cassette for home use (1977-1981). Early X-Men issues also introduced the team's archnemesis Magneto and his Brotherhood of Evil Mutants featuring Quicksilver, Scarlet Witch, Mastermind and the Toad. Vestron Video, a division of Artisan Entertainment, a Lions Gate Company (1979-). The original X-Men consisted of five teenagers whom the professor taught how to control their powers: Cyclops/Scott Summers, Marvel Girl/Jean Grey, Angel/Warren Worthington, Beast/Hank McCoy, and Iceman/Bobby Drake.

MGM Home Entertainment, a Sony Pictures Entertainment Company (1979-). Xavier gathered the X-Men under the cover of Professor Xavier's School for Gifted Youngsters at a large country estate at 1407 Graymalkin Lane in Salem Center, a city in Westchester County, New York. Media Home Entertainment, a Heron Communications Company (1978-1992). Professor X. Warner Home Video, a TimeWarner Company (1978-). The X-Men were founded by the paraplegic telepath Professor Charles Francis Xavier, a.k.a. HBO Video, a TimeWarner Company (1978-). .

Sony Pictures Home Entertainment (1978-). Co-creator Lee recalled in his book Son of Origins of Marvel Comics and elsewhere that he devised the series title after Marvel publisher Martin Goodman turned down the initial name, "The Mutants.". Walt Disney Home Entertainment (1978-). The team's name is derived from the fact that mutants are "extra" powered due to their "X-Factor gene" which was coined by Professor X. Twentieth (20th) Century-Fox Home Entertainment, a News Corporation Company (1977-). This multicultural theme has persisted over the years with more and more characters of different ethnicities and cultural backgrounds constantly being added to the mythos. Paramount Home Video, a Viacom Company (1976-). During the 1970s, the roster was changed to further reflect this multiculturalism adding characters from Germany, Ireland, Russia, Africa and Japan.

E-XXX indicates playing time for PAL or SECAM in SP speed. Later on the philisophies' of Professor X and Magneto would be compared to that of Martin Luther King and Malcom X respectfully. T-XXX indicates playing time for NTSC or PAL-M in SP speed. The X-Men franchise contains a richly diverse cast that is perhaps comics' most multicultural.The book was suppose to be a social reflection on "American Perjudice". PAL-M, Brazil). Professor X, a wealthy mutant who founded an academy to train young mutants to protect themselves and the world from Magneto and other menacing threats. PAL/525/30 (i.e. The X-Men were gathered by the benevolent Professor Charles Xavier, a.k.a.

NTSC/525/30 (Most parts of North and South America, Japan, South Korea). This fact is worsened by a number of mutants and most notably the team's archnemeses Magneto and Apocalypse, who use their powers to try to disrupt and dominate the human society. MESECAM/625/25 (most other SECAM countries, notably Eastern Europe and Middle East). It must be noted, however, that not all of humanity fears and hates mutantkind. SECAM/625/25 (SECAM, French variety). Ordinary humans, Homo sapiens, often hate mutants, here termed Homo sapiens superior, because of prejudice and the fear that mutants will replace them. PAL/625/25 (most of Western Europe, many parts of Asia and Africa). The X-Men are mutants, who in the Marvel universe are humans who, through a sudden leap in evolution, are born with latent superhuman abilities which generally manifest themselves at puberty.

A third X-Men movie is scheduled for release in May 2006. Its sequel X2 was released in 2003 and became the sixth highest grossing film of the year. The year 2000 saw the debut of following series X-Men: Evolution and the long-awaited X-Men movie directed by Bryan Singer. Since the 1980s, the X-Men universe has branched into both television and film including one of the most successful Saturday morning programs, X-Men: The Animated Series.

The X-Men franchise, with its original stories of youthful alienation in which teens literally are the freaks they often figuratively feel like, has grown to become one of the most popular comic books producing dozens of spin-off series over the years and turning some of its writers and artists into industry stars. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, they debuted in X-Men #1 from September 1963, the same month as the premiere of The Avengers. The X-Men are a team of comic book superheroes in the Marvel Comics universe. The line-up of all three X-Men films:.

Reputable movie news site http://www.superherohype.com is now reporting that X-Men 3 screenwriter Zak Penn is now writing a third X-Men spin-off film as well. Rebecca Romijn, who plays Mystique in the X-Men franchise has been approached about a Mystique film. Turner has stated that "It's going to take place from 1939 Auschwitz up to 1955 or so." So it's unlikely that Ian McKellan will be reprising the role. The plot will deal with the character's friendship turned sour with Charles Xavier.

Screenwriter Sheldon Turner is currently working on bringing Magneto to the big screen in his own spin-off film. One film will star Wolverine, in which Hugh Jackman will reprise his role as the clawed warrior. Spin-offs: Lauren Donner, producer for the first two movies, has said the movie studio is interested in producing two spin-off films. Singer did not direct the third X-Men movie, as he signed on to direct Superman Returns and director Matthew Vaughn was slated to direct, but dropped out in June 2005 due to "personal issues".

In 2006, a third movie X-Men 3 directed by Brett Ratner will be released. It was an even greater success than the first movie and many fans and critics considered it a superior film. This film was loosely based on the 1982 graphic novel God Loves, Man Kills. In 2003, the sequel X2: X-Men United also directed by Singer, was released.

The film, along with the Blade series and Spider-Man gathered approval from fans and enough good reviews to begin a revival of superhero-themed movies.. In 2000, 20th Century Fox released X-Men, a $75 million film adaptation of the comic, directed by Bryan Singer. Avi Arad, CEO of Marvel Studios, stated "X-Men is one of Marvel's crown jewels and it makes sense to focus on the popular Wolverine character for our second animation project.". In 2007, Marvel Studios will put out a new X-Men animated show that will primarily feature Wolverine, this time using a mesh of 2D/3D animation for characters and backgrounds.

The series ended in 2003 after its fourth season. In 2000, Warner Brothers Network launched X-Men: Evolution which portrayed the X-Men as teenagers attending regular high school in addition to the Xavier Institute. It was put back in Fox's line up for several months after the first movie was released. It continued for five seasons ending in 1997.

The series was an extraordinary success becoming one of the most watched animated series in television history and helping widen the X-Men's popularity. In 1992, the Fox Network launched an unrelated X-Men animated series with the roster of Beast, Cyclops, Gambit, Jean Grey, Jubilee, Professor X, Rogue, Storm and Wolverine with Bishop and Cable frequently guest starring. Professor X and Kitty Pryde also appear. In 1991, an 4- and 6-player arcade game was based upon this failed series starring Cyclops, Wolverine, Colossus, Storm, Nightcrawler, and Dazzler.

The series was never picked up but the single episode aired infrequently in syndication during the Marvel Action Universe series and was later released on video. In 1989, Marvel Productions produced a pilot X-Men episode for NBC called Pryde of the X-Men. The X-Men would return the following season in the episode entitled "The X-Men Adventure." Making appearances there were Professor X, Cyclops, Storm, Nightcrawler, Colossus, Sprite, and Thunderbird. The next appearance on Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends was in the episode "A Firestar is Born." Making appearances in this particular episode are Professor X, Cyclops, Angel, Wolverine, Storm, and Juggernaut (plus Magneto in a cameo appearance).

Appearing in this particular episode (in a flashback sequence only) are Professor X and the five original X-Men: Iceman, Cyclops, Marvel Girl, Angel, and Beast. The X-Men made their first ever animated appearance on the Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends episode "The Origin of Iceman". Spider-Man, Iceman and Firestar were the three regular heroes. The X-Men occasionally guest-starred on Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends.

Krakoa, the Living Island. Savage Land, a hidden prehistoric location in Antarctica. Muir Island, a Scottish island commonly associated with being the place of Moira MacTaggert's laboratory. Associated with Viper.

Madripoor, an island in Southeast Asia, near Singapore. Genosha, an African island near Madagascar and a long-time apartheid regime against mutants. Oceania: Aborigine (Gateway), Australia (Pyro, Slipstream, Lifeguard), Māori (Kiwi Black). Middle East: Israel (Gabrielle Haller and Sabra).

Sinister, Pete Wisdom and Toad), France (Fantomex although by choice, Tarot), Germany (Nightcrawler, Fenris and Maverick), Greece (Avalanche), Ireland (Banshee, Siryn and Black Tom Cassidy), Netherlands (Beak), Poland (Magneto, also Jewish), Russia (Colossus, Omega Red, Darkstar, Magik, Soul Skinner, Mikhail Rasputin and Alexi Vazhin), Scotland (Wolfsbane and Moira MacTaggert), Spain (Empath). Europe: Austria (Mystique and Destiny), England (Chamber, Psylocke, Captain Britain, Mr. Asia: Afghanistan (Dust), Bangladesh (Thunderbird III), China (Xorn I and II), Japan (Sunfire, Sunpyre, Silver Samurai, Shinobi Shaw, Yukio and Mariko Yashida), Vietnam (Karma). Americas: Apache (Thunderbird I, Warpath), Brazil (Sunspot), Cajun (Gambit), Canada (Sabretooth, Alpha Flight, Wolverine, and the Quebecois Northstar and Aurora as well as the First Nations represented by Shaman), Cheyenne (Forge, Moonstar), Chinese American (Jubilee), Jewish American (Shadowcat), Mexico (Rictor), Puerto Rico (Cecilia Reyes, Tag), Venezuela (Wind Dancer).

Africa: Algeria (M), Egypt (Apocalypse), Kenya (Storm), Morocco (Jetstream), South Africa (Maggott).