United States Army(Redirected from US Army)The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. As of fiscal year 2002 (FY02), it consisted of 480,000 soldiers on active duty and 555,000 in reserve (350,000 in the Army National Guard (ARNG) and 205,000 in the Army Reserve (USAR). The Army was formed on June 14, 1775, before the establishment of the United States, to meet the demands of the American Revolutionary War. Components of the U.S. Army |
Prior to 1918, the Army was a single entity known as the "United States Army". During the First World War, the "National Army" was founded to fight the conflict. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed.
In 1941, the "Army of the United States" was founded to fight the Second World War. The Regular Army, Army of the United States, and Officer/Enlisted Reserve Corps (ORC and ERC) existed simultaneously giving rise to the first concept of Army components. After World War II, the ORC and ERC were combined into the United States Army Reserve. The Army of the United States continued throughout the Korean War and Vietnam War and was discontinued upon the abolishment of the draft.
In the modern age, the Army is divided into the Regular Army and the Army Reserve. The United States National Guard is an armed force under the command of state governments. Prior to the 21st century, members of the National Guard were considered state employees only unless federalized by the Army in which case National Guard members became members of the Army Reserve. In the modern age, all National Guard members hold dual status: as Guardsmen under the authority of the State Adjutant General, and as Army Reservists under the authority of the Army Human Resources Command.
Various State Defense Forces also exist, sometimes known as State Militias, which are sponsered by individual state governments and serve as an auxiliary to the National Guard. Except in times of extreme national emergency, such as a mainland invasion of the United States, State Militias are operated independently from the U.S. Army and are seen as state government agencies rather than a component of the military.
By design, the use of the Army Reserve and National Guard has increased since the Vietnam War. Reserve and Guard units took part in the Gulf War, peacekeeping in Kosovo, and the 2003 invasion of Iraq. With recent manpower shortages in the military, some U.S. citizens have been concerned regarding a reinstution of the draft (conscription) force. Federal and state lawmakers, however, have asserted that no such action is being planned.
Although the present day Army exists as an all volunteer force, augmented by Reserve and National Guard forces, measures exist for emergency expansion in the event of a catestrophic occurrence, such as a large scale attack against the US or the outbreak of a major global war. The current "call-up" order of the United States Army is as follows:
The final stage of Army mobilization, known as "activiation of the unorganized militia" would effectively place all able bodied males in the service of the U.S. Army. The last time an approximation of this occurred was during the American Civil War when the Confederate States of America activated the "Home Guard" in 1865, drafting all males, regardless of age or health, into the Confederate Army. A similar event, albeit in a foriegn country, occurred during World War II when Nazi Germany activiated the Volkssturm in April and May of 1945.
Officially, a member of the U.S. Army is called a Soldier (always capitalized). The U.S. Army is divided into the following components, from largest to smallest:
U.S. Generals, World War II, Europe:The Army is organized by function. Combat Arms include Infantry, Armor, Field Artillery, Air defense artillery, Army Corps of Engineers, Army Aviation, and Special Forces. Combat Support Arms include Signal Corps, Intelligence Corps, Chemical Corps, and Military Police Corps. Combat Service Support troops include the Judge Advocate General's Corps, Adjutant General's Corps, Finance Corps, Transportation Corps, Quartermaster Corps, Ordnance Corps, Medical Corps, Medical Service Corps, and Nurse Corps.
See also U.S. Army officer rank insignia.
Comparison of ranking structure available at Ranks and Insignia of NATO.
The Officer Corps provides leadership and managerial functions, and is composed of
There are several sources of commissioned officers:
Officers receive a commission assigning them to the Officer Corps from the President. All newly commissioned officers receive a commission as a reserve officer. Upon attaining the rank of Major, they can be appointed into the Regular Army by the President with the advice and consent of the United States Senate [1] (http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/10/531.html). Commissioned officers are assigned to a branch of service until they reach the rank of Brigadier General, where it is assumed that they are competent to command soldiers of all branches.
Once commissioned, an officer attends several levels of professional education, starting with branch qualification in their respective branch and concluding in Command and General Staff College at Fort_Leavenworth, Kansas. Professional education is required for promotion at certain grades.
The Warrant Officer is a single track specialty officer. Initially appointed an officer by the Secretary of the Army via a warrant, he/she is commissioned by the President upon promotion to the rank of Chief Warrant Officer Two (CW2). The warrant officer is managed as a company grade officer, but receives limited field grade privilege upon promotion to Chief Warrant Officer Four (CW4).
The primary source for Warrant Officers is the U.S. Army Warrant Officer Candidate School at Fort Rucker, Alabama.
The Non-Commissioned Officer Corps (or NCO Corps) is the first line of leadership for the enlisted members of the Army, and includes the ranks of
Training for NCOs takes place at any of the various NCO training centers around the world.
Until relatively recent history, most countries depended upon their officer corps to micromanage strategy, tactics and virtually every other aspect of military operations. Current military theory in the U.S. and UK has begun to emphasize the "strategic corporal," recognizing that combat decision-making by NCOs is potentially of vast importance.
The lowest enlisted ranks are:
Training for enlisted soldiers usually consists of Basic Training, and Advanced Individual Training in their primary Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) at any of the numerous MOS training facilities around the world.
All members of the Army must take an oath upon being sworn in as members, swearing (or affirming) to "protect the Constitution of the United States from all enemies, both foreign and domestic." This emphasis on the defense of the United States Constitution illustrates the concern of the framers that the military be subordinate to legitimate civilian authority.
The civilian executive is the Secretary of the Army who heads the United States Department of the
Army, formerly called the Secretary of War who headed the
United States Department of War or
the War Office for short, at the founding of the Republic.
The professional head of the United States Army is the Army Chief of Staff. This position is filled by a four star general who sits on the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. As with the other members of that committee, the Army Chief of Staff is not in the direct chain of command. His function is administrative and policy making. The current Army Chief of Staff is General Peter J. Schoomaker.
The most senior Army generals who are directly in the chain of command are those who head up the regional joint commands, known as the Combatent Commanders (COCOM's), around the world. An example is General John Abizaid, the commander of U.S. Central Command. Three star positions in the Army include some deputy commanders of the regional commands, heads of the army sections of those commands, and the general officers commanding of corps.
First Army "First In Deed" (Reserve)
Third Army: Army Central Command (ARCENT)
Fifth Army (Reserve)
Seventh Army: United States Army Europe
Eighth Army: Korea
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Eighth Army: Korea. First Army "First In Deed" (Reserve). In 2003, Alex Rodriguez gave a $10 million gift to the University of Miami to build a new baseball stadium. Three star positions in the Army include some deputy commanders of the regional commands, heads of the army sections of those commands, and the general officers commanding of corps. was the previous record holder by reaching 400 home runs at 30 years and 141 days old. Central Command. Ken Griffey, Jr. An example is General John Abizaid, the commander of U.S. On June 8th, Rodriguez hit his 400th career home run, becoming the youngest player in Major League history to do so at 29 years and 316 days old. The most senior Army generals who are directly in the chain of command are those who head up the regional joint commands, known as the Combatent Commanders (COCOM's), around the world. Alex Rodriguez's salary of $25,705,118 is the highest in Major League Baseball in the 2005 season. Schoomaker. But the umpires huddled and ended up calling him out, which made Jeter return to first base. This action by Rodriguez has given him a bad image, especially among Red Sox fans. The current Army Chief of Staff is General Peter J. Rodriguez was called safe at first, and Derek Jeter scored from first base. His function is administrative and policy making. During the 2004 American League Championship Series against the Boston Red Sox, Alex Rodriguez caused controversey when he "slapped" the baseball out of pitcher Bronson Arroyo's glove when running to first base. As with the other members of that committee, the Army Chief of Staff
is not in the direct chain of command. 2 spot in the batting order, directly behind Jeter. This position is filled by a four star general who sits on the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. Near the end of the season, Yankees manager Joe Torre moved Rodriguez to
the No. The professional head of the United States Army is the Army
Chief of Staff. Rodriguez performed well, though average by his standards, in his first season with the Yankees, hitting .286 with 36 home
runs and 106 runs batted in, his seventh consecutive season with at least
100 RBI. The civilian executive is the Secretary of the Army who heads the United States Department of the
Army, formerly called the Secretary of War who headed the
United States Department of War or
the War Office for short, at the founding of the Republic. All members of the Army must take an oath upon being sworn in as members, swearing (or affirming) to "protect the Constitution of the United States from all enemies, both foreign and domestic." This emphasis on the defense of the United States Constitution illustrates the concern of the framers that the military be subordinate to legitimate civilian authority. He had worn uniform number 3 his entire career, but that number on the Yankees is retired in honor of Babe Ruth. Training for enlisted soldiers usually consists of Basic Training, and Advanced Individual Training in their primary Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) at any of the numerous MOS training facilities around the world. In addition to moving from shortstop to third, Rodriguez had to make another change upon joining the Yankees. The lowest enlisted ranks are:. After Rodriguez agreed to switch positions and play third base, the deal between New York and Texas was consummated. and UK has begun to emphasize the "strategic corporal," recognizing that combat decision-making by NCOs is potentially of vast importance. Since New York already had a star shortstop in team captain Derek Jeter, the trade developed only after New York's third baseman, Aaron Boone, suffered a season-ending knee injury while playing a game of pickup basketball during the off-season. Current military theory in the U.S. In the trade, the Rangers will have to pay $67 million of the $179 million left on Rodriguez's contract. Until relatively recent history, most countries depended upon their officer corps to micromanage strategy, tactics and virtually every other aspect of military operations. On February 15, 2004, after a period in which he had been courted by the Boston Red Sox and named as the Rangers' captain, Rodriguez was traded to the New York Yankees for second baseman Alfonso Soriano and a player to be named later. Training for NCOs takes place at any of the various NCO training centers around the world. He hit .298 with 47 home runs, won his second consecutive Gold Glove Award and was named the league's MVP, despite the Rangers remaining mired in last place. The Non-Commissioned Officer Corps (or NCO Corps) is the first line of leadership for the enlisted members of the Army, and includes the ranks of. Rodriguez 's last season with Texas, 2003, was another productive year for A-Rod. Army Warrant Officer Candidate School at Fort Rucker, Alabama. Although Tejada had lesser numbers than Rodriguez, he played for a championship-caliber team. The Mariners didn't miss him; they won 116 games in their first year without him. The primary source for Warrant Officers is the U.S. Unfortunately, the Rangers made no real improvement in the two years he played there, finishing last both times, and it likely cost him the MVP award in 2002, as he finished second to fellow shortstop Miguel Tejada. The warrant officer is managed as a company grade officer, but receives limited field grade privilege upon promotion to Chief Warrant Officer Four (CW4). Despite the enormous pressure carried by the contract, Rodriguez continued to produce, and has been even better than before. He hit 52 home runs in 2001, and followed that up with a major league best 57 home runs in 2002, the most ever for a shortstop. He put a bookend on that year by winning his first Gold Glove Award. Initially appointed an officer by the Secretary of the Army via a warrant, he/she is commissioned by the President upon promotion to the rank of Chief Warrant Officer Two (CW2). A free agent after the season, Rodriguez, who wanted to go to a Series-caliber team, was immediately rumored to be heading to the Mets because of his appearance at Shea, but instead chose to go to the Texas Rangers (last in their division in 2000), signing what is the largest contract in American sports history, a 10-year contract worth an astounding $252 million. Because of the contract, considered outrageous by many fans, Mariners fans that loved him immediately turned on him for taking the money and running instead of staying with a winner; to this day he's regularly booed every time he returns to Seattle. The Warrant Officer is a single track specialty officer. He still made an appearance in the Series, sitting in the stands of Shea Stadium watching his friend Derek Jeter play in that year's all-New York World Series between the Yankees and New York Mets. Professional education is required for promotion at certain grades. Winning the AL West in 2000, Rodriguez hit well in the playoffs, but the Mariners lost to the World Series champion New York Yankees in the LCS. Once commissioned, an officer attends several levels of professional education, starting with branch qualification in their respective branch and concluding in Command and General Staff College at Fort_Leavenworth, Kansas. Rodriguez continued to put up great numbers as the team's remaining superstar, and hit 41 more HR's in 2000 as he hit .316, doing so playing in the best pitcher's park in the AL. Commissioned officers are assigned to a branch of service until they reach the rank of Brigadier General, where it is assumed that they are competent to command soldiers of all branches. in the past two seasons. Upon attaining the rank of Major, they can be appointed into the Regular Army by the President with the advice and consent of the United States Senate [1] (http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/10/531.html). The Mariners entered 2000 with A-Rod as the cornerstone of the franchise, having dealt superstars Randy Johnson and Ken Griffey, Jr. All newly commissioned officers receive a commission as a reserve officer. Despite missing 30+ games with an injury and playing home games at Safeco Field (a considerably less hitter-friendly ballpark than the Kingdome) for the second half of the season, he matched his HR total in 1999. Officers receive a commission assigning them to the Officer Corps from the President. He recovered with authority in 1998 by becoming the 3rd member of the 40 homers/40 stolen bases club, racking up 42 HR and 46 SB. There are several sources of commissioned officers:. He hit for the cycle with them in 1997, but slumped that year with only 23 home runs and a "mere" .300 average; the Mariners nonetheless won the division but were quickly eliminated from the playoffs. The Officer Corps provides leadership and managerial functions, and is composed of. Rodriguez was a favorite with Mariners fans. Comparison of ranking structure available at Ranks and Insignia of NATO. He came close to being the youngest MVP in baseball history, but fell 3 points short to Juan González; possibly denying him this honor were the two Seattle-area sportswriters who voted for the award, as they gave him 8th and 9th place votes. Army officer rank insignia.. He took over as the regular shortstop the following year, and immediately became a superstar, hitting 36 home runs and pacing the American League with a .358 batting average, and leading the league in runs, total bases, and doubles; great numbers even by the standards of the Kingdome, one of the American League's best hitter's parks. See also U.S. One of his most important contributions in the playoffs was consoling second baseman Joey Cora, who memorably broke down in tears after the Mariners' loss in the League Championship Series.
The Army is organized by function. Rodríguez has said in interviews he can forgive his father for abandoning the family, but that he will never forget. Army is divided into the following components, from largest to smallest:. There, Alex's father announced he had to go to New York for a short time; he never returned. The U.S. They moved to Miami, Florida 4 years later. Army is called a Soldier (always capitalized). Born in New York City, Rodríguez moved back with his parents to their native Dominican Republic when he was 4. Officially, a member of the U.S. Less than three weeks later, he was traded to the Yankees, the first reigning MVP to be traded in the history of Major League Baseball. A similar event, albeit in a foriegn country, occurred during World War II when Nazi Germany activiated the Volkssturm in April and May of 1945. Then on January 25, 2004, he was named captain of the Rangers. The last time an approximation of this occurred was during the American Civil War when the Confederate States of America activated the "Home Guard" in 1865, drafting all males, regardless of age or health, into the Confederate Army. The Players Association blocked the deal, however, because the Red Sox wanted to cut Rodriguez's salary. Army. The following month the Rangers tried unsuccessfully to trade Rodriguez and his hefty salary to the Boston Red Sox. The final stage of Army mobilization, known as "activiation of the unorganized militia" would effectively place all able bodied males in the service of the U.S. It was the second time in MLB history that a player of a team finishing last in the league was given the award (Andre Dawson also won the award for the last place Chicago Cubs). The current "call-up" order of the United States Army is as follows:. On November 17, 2003, Rodriguez won his first American League Most Valuable Player award. Although the present day Army exists as an all volunteer force, augmented by Reserve and National Guard forces, measures exist for emergency expansion in the event of a catestrophic occurrence, such as a large scale attack against the US or the outbreak of a major global war. He has been married to the former Cynthia Scurtis since November 2, 2002: the couple's first child, Natasha Alexander, was born on November 18, 2004. Federal and state lawmakers, however, have asserted that no such action is being planned. In 2003 he became the youngest player in major league history to reach 300 home runs, and, on June 8, 2005, he became the first to to hit 400 home runs before the age of 30. citizens have been concerned regarding a reinstution of the draft (conscription) force. Rodriguez began his career as a shortstop, but switched positions to third base upon joining the Yankees. With recent manpower shortages in the military, some U.S. Starting his major league career with the Seattle Mariners, he signed an unprecedented free-agent deal with the Texas Rangers, before being traded to the New York Yankees. Reserve and Guard units took part in the Gulf War, peacekeeping in Kosovo, and the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Alexander Emanuel Rodriguez (born July 27, 1975 in New York City), nicknamed A-Rod, is widely regarded as one of the best players in Major League Baseball today and at a young age is already being talked about among the all-time greats. By design, the use of the Army Reserve and National Guard has increased since the Vietnam War. Army and are seen as state government agencies rather than a component of the military. Except in times of extreme national emergency, such as a mainland invasion of the United States, State Militias are operated independently from the U.S. Various State Defense Forces also exist, sometimes known as State Militias, which are sponsered by individual state governments and serve as an auxiliary to the National Guard. In the modern age, all National Guard members hold dual status: as Guardsmen under the authority of the State Adjutant General, and as Army Reservists under the authority of the Army Human Resources Command. Prior to the 21st century, members of the National Guard were considered state employees only unless federalized by the Army in which case National Guard members became members of the Army Reserve. The United States National Guard is an armed force under the command of state governments. In the modern age, the Army is divided into the Regular Army and the Army Reserve. After World War II, the ORC and ERC were combined into the United States Army Reserve. The Army of the United States continued throughout the Korean War and Vietnam War and was discontinued upon the abolishment of the draft. The Regular Army, Army of the United States, and Officer/Enlisted Reserve Corps (ORC and ERC) existed simultaneously giving rise to the first concept of Army components. In 1941, the "Army of the United States" was founded to fight the Second World War. During the First World War, the "National Army" was founded to fight the conflict. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed. Prior to 1918, the Army was a single entity known as the "United States Army". The Army was formed on June 14, 1775, before the establishment of the United States, to meet the demands of the American Revolutionary War. As of fiscal year 2002 (FY02), it consisted of 480,000 soldiers on active duty and 555,000 in reserve (350,000 in the Army National Guard (ARNG) and 205,000 in the Army Reserve (USAR). The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. Military badges of the United States. Awards and decorations of the United States military. A Specialist ranks below a corporal in terms of chain of command. and Specialist (SPC; pay grade E-4) (which is the same Enlisted Grade as Corporal, but which requires technical leadership skills, as opposed to the combat leadership skills required of corporal -a dark green patch with an eagle centered). Private First Class (PFC; pay grade E-3) (one stripe up and a curved stripe (a rocker below)),. Private Enlisted Grade 2 (PV2; pay grade E-2) (one chevron pointing up),. Private (PV1; pay grade E-1) (no rank insignia),. and Sergeant Major of the Army (of whom there is only one, and who advises the Chief of Staff of the Army on matters relating to enlisted personnel - three stripes up and three down with a centered eagle accompanied with two stars). Command Sergeant Major (CSM; pay grade E-9) (three stripes up and three down with a wreathed star in the center). Sergeant Major (SGM; pay grade E-9) (three stripes up and three down with a star in the center),. First Sergeant (1SG; pay grade E-8) (which holds the same enlisted pay grade as Master Sergeant, but which carries extra administrative duties - three stripes up and three down with a lozenge in the center),. Master Sergeant (MSG; pay grade E-8) (three stripes up and three down),. Sergeant First Class (SFC; pay grade E-7)(three stripes up and two down),. Staff Sergeant (SSG; pay grade E-6)(three stripes up and one down),. Sergeant (SGT; pay grade E-5)(three stripes up),. Corporal (CPL; pay grade E-4) (two stripes up),. Enlisted soldiers may also be battlefield commissioned for valor and leadership during actual combat, Audie Murphy received his commission in this manner. Lawyers, doctors, nurses, veterinarians, and chaplains may be directly commissioned into their respective corps. College graduates who underwent Army Reserve Officer Training Corps courses at a four-year university. Enlisted soldiers or College graduates who successfully pass Officer Candidate School (OCS). Graduates of other military academies of the United States may elect to be commissioned in the Army. The United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. Pershing. Held only by George Washington and John J. General of the Armies - No established insignia. After World War II a rank comprised of five stars in a pentagon. General of the Army - In the 19th century, a title held by the Commander of the Army. General (GEN; pay grade O-10) - four stars. Lieutenant General (LTG; pay grade O-9) - three stars,. Major General (MG; pay grade O-8) - two stars,. Brigadier General (BG; pay grade O-7) - one star,. and General officers
Lieutenant Colonel (LTC; pay grade O-5) - silver oak leaf,. Major (MAJ; pay grade O-4) - gold oak leaf,. Field Grade officers
First Lieutenant (1LT; pay grade O-2) - silver bar,. Second Lieutenant (2LT; pay grade O-1) - gold bar,. Company Grade officers
Fire team: Usually consists of four Soldiers: a fire team leader, a grenadier, and two riflemen. This unit consists of eight to ten Soldiers. Squad: Squad leaders are often Staff Sergeants/E-6 (SSG), Sergeants/E-5 (SGT), or Corporals/E-4 (CPL). Often used in conjunction with platoons at the company level. Section: Usually directed by Staff Sergeants/E-6 (SSG) who supply guidance for junior NCO Squad leaders. This unit consists of a Platoon Leader (2LT/1LT), a Platoon Sergeant (SFC), and two or more Squad Leaders (any NCO). Platoon: Usually led by a lieutenant supported by a Sergeant First Class/E-7 (SFC). This unit consists of a Company Commander (CO, CPT), a Company Executive Officer (XO,1LT), A First Sergeant(1SG) and a headquarters, Two or more Platoon Leaders (2LT/1LT), two or more Platoon Sergeants (SFC), and four or more Squad Leaders (any NCO). A company-sized unit is usually led by a Company Commander usually the rank of Captain/O-3 (CPT) supported by a First Sergeant/E-8 (1SG). Cavalry units are formed into troops. Company (or battery/troop): Artillery units are formed into batteries. This unit consists of a Battalion Commander (CO, LTC), a Battalion Executive Officer (XO,MAJ), a Command Sergeant Major (CSM) and headquarters, 3-5 Company Commanders (CPT), 3-5 Company Executive Officers (1LT), 3-5 First Sergeants (1SG) and headquarters, 6 or more Platoon Leaders (2LT/1LT), 6 or more Platoon sergeants (SFC),and 12 or more Squad Leaders (any NCO). A battalion-sized unit is commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel (LTC), supported by a Command Sergeant Major/E-9 (CSM). Cavalry units are formed into squadrons. Battalion (or squadron): Most units are organized into battalions. (See Regiment for combat arms units.). Brigade (or group): Composed of typically three or more battalions, and commanded by a Colonel (COL) or Brigadier General. Division: Usually commanded by a Major General (MG). The commander is most often a Lieutenant General (LTG). Corps: Consists of two or more divisions and organic support brigades. Field Army: Usually commanded by a General (GEN; note that abbreviations of military rank are given in all capital letters without a period or other punctuation). militia. Full scale mobilization of the unorganized U.S. Activation of the State Defense Forces/State Militias. Recall of previously discharged officers and enlisted who were separated under honorable conditions. Reestablishment of the draft and creation of a conscript force within the Regular Army. Recall of all retired personnel fit for military duty. Full scale activiation of all National Guard forces. Army Reserve total mobilization. Regular Army volunteer force. |