Toyota Corolla

For 2008, Toyota will create a hybrid gasoline–electric Corolla.
. The Altis range of the Corolla is manufactured in Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and Taiwan. However, Tivos and DVRs are the main competitors with the VHS in home recording. Two versions of engine are available, the 108 bhp 1.6 and the 134 bhp 1.8. It can also be more convenient to use VHS tapes because they can be rewritten easily, and VCRs can be easier than DVD recorders to use. In Asia (excluding Hong Kong Japan & India), the Toyota Corolla is branded as the Toyota Corolla Altis and is similar to the US-spec Corolla. Despite DVD's better quality, however, VHS is still widely used in home recording of television programs, due to the large installed base and the lower cost of VHS recorders.

The Vibe, in turn, is sold with a different grille in Japan and is called the Toyota Voltz. Commentators predict that 2006 will be the final year of new releases on VHS, as major studios continue to phase out VHS. The Corolla has also spawned another multi-purpose vehicle, the Matrix, sold in Canada and the United States, and forms the basis of the Pontiac Vibe. Moreover, most television programs released as box sets are for sale in DVD format only. The Corolla Spacio (Verso in Europe) moved on to the new platform. Many films released to theaters from 2004 onwards have later been released only on DVD and not on VHS, and many other new feature films are being released solely on DVD. The station wagon model is called the Toyota Corolla Fielder in Japan, and the five-door the Toyota Corolla Runx and Toyota Allex, launching in 2001. retailers Circuit City and Best Buy stopped selling VHS tapes in 2002 and 2003, respectively.

The sporty XRS model, introduced for 2004, features the high-revving 170 hp (127 kW) 127 ft·lbf (172 N·m) 2ZZ-GE engine and 6 speed manual from the Toyota Celica GT-S and Lotus Elise. Major U.S. The torsion bar suspension and drum brakes in the rear are anachronisms, however. The DVD format was introduced in 1997 and has since overtaken VHS in sales and rentals. This model made it to the United States in 2002. In addition, it offers superior audiovisual quality, and the storage of data in digital format on tape makes for improved transfer and editing. Like the Vista, the Corolla's width is limited to 67 in (1700 mm), to avoid being in a higher tax bracket in Japan, although most of its European rivals are now wider. MiniDV has largely replaced 8mm tapes as the de facto camcorder standard in more recent years as it is smaller still (some MiniDV camcorders being no larger than one's hand).

It is built on a shortened Toyota Vista platform—the Vista being a mid-sized, rather than compact, car. 8mm tapes, introduced in the early 1980s, succeeded as a format for camcorders (both in the consumer, and to an extent, professional market), as VHS and Betamax camcorders were unsuitably large and heavy in comparison. The ninth-generation Corolla (AE120/ZZE120) appeared in August 2000 with edgier styling and a longer 102.4 in (2600 mm) wheelbase. As these cassettes are much more compact in design — which also means the hardware to play and record the tapes has to be more compact than VHS, and therefore more expensive — they are much more suited to portable applications such as camcorders. In 1997, the Corolla Spacio, with its body panels stamped at long-time Toyota supplier Kanto Autoworks, was introduced as a two-box minivan version and sold as the Corolla Verso in Europe and the Toyota Spacio in New Zealand. Other formats such as 8mm video cassettes and MiniDV have emerged since, but these formats are by no means in complete competition with VHS. As a result, a sporting model with a six-speed gearbox was offered. Netscape.

A European range had different front and rear ends (this was sold in Australia and New Zealand, too), to appeal to customers there. Windows and Microsoft vs. Europe (1996-2001). IBM, Macintosh vs. The US-market 2001 Toyota Corolla has a maximum legal carrying capacity of 850lbs. The format war and the "marketing over technology" claims have taken on a life of their own, and have been used as analogies in the battles of the computer industry, including Apple vs. VVT-i variable valve timing was added to the engine for 2000. Sony ultimately conceded the fight in the late '80s, bringing out a line of VHS VCRs.

In the US market, only sedans were offered. Ultimately Betamax did manage to make up some of the difference on recording time, but this was too little, too late. A new all-aluminum engine powered all Corollas, making every car lighter than its predecessor. The longer tape time is sometimes cited as the defining factor in the format war, as the longer VHS tapes allowed consumers to record entire programs unattended, and arguably created the entire video rental industry by providing sufficient playing time for most feature films to be distributed on a single cassette. All North American Corollas were now built in California (by NUMMI) or Canada (by TMMC). Betamax held an early lead in the format war, offering some technical advantages, but by 1980 VHS was gaining due to its longer tape time (3 hours maximum, compared to just 60 minutes for Betamax) and JVC's less strict licensing program. USA (1998-2002). In fact, however, the root causes of VHS' victory are somewhat more complex.

JPN-market chassis:. Since Betamax was widely perceived at the time as the better format, it is often stated that VHS' eventual victory was a victory of marketing over technical excellence. The Sprinter Trueno coupé range was carried over with a facelift, while the Wagon was identical to the Corolla. As mentioned, VHS was the winner of a protracted and somewhat bitter format war during the early 1980s against Sony's Betamax format. This marked the beginning of the end of the Sprinter. Conversely, an E-300 tape runs for 300 minutes in PAL-SP, but 200 minutes in NTSC-SP. The Japanese has a version called the "Corolla GT" which is a 4-door, 165hp, 6-speed sedan. For example, a T-120 tape runs for 120 minutes in NTSC-SP, but 180 minutes in PAL-SP.

Due to recession, Toyota ordered that Corolla development chief Takayasu Honda cuts costs, hence the carryover engineering. It can easily be derived by multiplying with 3/2 or 2/3, respectively. The eighth generation (AE110/ZZE110), which shared its platform (and doors, on some models) with its predecessor, was introduced in May 1995, 1998 in Europe and North America. It is perfectly possible to record and play back a blank T-XXX tape in a PAL machine or a blank E-XXX tape in an NTSC machine, but the resulting playing time will be different than indicated. Japan (1995-1999). In order to avoid confusion, manufacturers indicate the playing time in minutes that can be expected for the market the tape is sold in:. This model was not as successful due to a rising yen and home-market recession, blunting demand. Both NTSC and PAL/SECAM VHS cassettes are physically identical (although the signals recorded on the tape are incompatible.) However, as tape speeds differ between NTSC and PAL/SECAM, the playing time for any given cassette will vary accordingly between the systems.

The three and five-door Corolla FX was also sold in Europe just as the Corolla, and was available mostly in normal (non-sports) specs unlike the FX range avaliable in Japan which were available in two models the SJ a 16 valve 1.6-litre 115bhp (4A-FE) and the GT a 20 Valve 1.6-litre 160bhp (Silvertop 4A-GE). Likewise, S-VHS machines for the Brazilian market record in NTSC and convert to/from PAL-M. The five-door Sprinter was sold as the Corolla Sprinter in Europe, confusingly. S-VHS machines sold in SECAM markets record internally in PAL, and convert to/from SECAM during record/playback, respectively. The US-market Geo Prizm was sold as a four-door sedan. S-VHS only exists in PAL/625/25 and NTSC/525/30. The Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno were sold as two-door coupés. Dedicated multistandard machines can usually handle all standards listed, some high end model can even convert a tape from one standard to another by using a built-in standards converter.

Sprinters were available as a four-door sedan or five-door liftback, including a four-door hardtop called the Sprinter Marino (only for this generation). regular VHS machines sold in Europe nowadays can typically handle PAL, MESECAM for record and playback, plus NTSC for playback only. It was available as a four-door sedan, three- and five-door hatchback and a five-door station wagon. E.g. This model appeared in 1992 in Japan, 1993 in Europe and 1994 in North America. These can handle VHS tapes of more than one standards. With its 97 in (2465 mm) wheelbase, the Corolla had moved into the compact size class once occupied by the Toyota Corona and Camry. Since the 1990s dual- and multistandard VHS machines have become more and more common.

The next Corolla (AE10X) was larger, heavier, and more expensive, with development chief Dr Akihiko Saito wanting to develop a 'mini-Lexus', after success with that range's flagship. The following signal varieties exist in conventional VHS:. They generated 152 ft·lbf at 4,400rpm as opposed to the N/a 4A-GE's 100 ft·lbf at 4,800 rpm. Typically, a VHS machine can only handle signals of the country it was sold in. They used the SC12 roots type supercharger and a top mounted intercooler that was fed cool air via a scoop on the bonnet. However, a machine must be designed to record a given standard. In Japan the AE92 Levin/Trueno was also fitted with a supercharged engine and designated GT-Z. VHS can record and play back all varieties of analogue television signals in existence at the time VHS was devised.

European-market chassis:. This format is most notably used by Fox for some of its cable networks. US-market chassis:. This format is the least expensive format to support a pre-read edit. These two plants made 279,000 units, making a total of 4.5 million of this generation (AE90) made. There is also a JVC-designed component digital professional production format known as Digital-S or (officially) D9 that uses a VHS form factor tape and essentially the same mechanical tape handling techniques as an S-VHS recorder. American production of the sedan took place at NUMMI and Cambridge, Ontario. This development hampered the sales of the Betamax system somewhat, because the Betamax cassette geometry prevented a similar development.

These generations were also favored by tuners. The magnetic tape on VHS-C cassettes is wound on one main spool and uses a gear wheel to advance the tape; the wheel and spool can also be moved by hand. The three-door is sold as a panel van model there, called the Toyota Carri. Since VHS-C tapes are based on the same magnetic tape as full size tapes, they can be played back in standard VHS players using a mechanical adapter, without the need of any kind of signal conversion. The sixth-generation five-door hatchback is still made in South Africa as an entry-level model called the Toyota Tazz. Another variant is VHS-C (C for compact), used in some camcorders. The Sprinter five-door liftback was re-badged as the Corolla in Europe, though for a period in Ireland (and possibly elsewhere) it was badged the "Sprinter GLS", unusually in cheap-looking decals instead of the metallic-coated plastic badges found on all other Toyotas of the time. W-VHS caters for high definition video.

It was called the All-Trac in the US and sold with the Tercel or Corolla name in some countries. Devices have also been invented which directly connect a personal computer to VHS tape recorders for use as a data backup device. It was sold from 1988 to 1994 and had different bodywork to other Corollas. Several improved versions of VHS exist, most notably S-VHS, an improved analog standard, and D-VHS, which records digital video onto a VHS form factor tape. The all wheel drive Sprinter Carib wagon used a solid axle rear suspension with coil springs, while the rest used struts all around. There was a time when higher-end VCRs provided functions for manually removing and adding these index marks — so that, for example, they coincide with the actual start of the program — but this feature has become hard to find in recent models. The Geo Prizm shared a slightly different body with the Japan-market Sprinter. These are normally written at the beginning of each recording session, and can be found using the VCR's index search function: this will fast-wind forward or backward to the nth specified index mark, and resume playback from there.

All Corollas were front-drive for 1987, with production beginning in May 1987. The control track can additionally hold index marks. Australian-market chassis: Similarity with the Holden Nova. Since good tracking depends on the exact distance between the rotating drum and the fixed control/audio head reading the linear tracks, which usually varies by a couple of micrometers between machines due to manufacturing tolerances, most VCRs offer tracking adjustment, either manual or automatic, to correct such mismatches. US-market chassis: Also marketed by GM from 1985–1988 as Chevy Nova before becoming Geo Prizm. Another linear control track, at the tape's lower edge, holds pulses that mark the beginning of every frame of video; these are used to fine-tune the tape speed during playback and to get the rotating heads exactly on their helical tracks rather than having them end up somewhere between two adjacent tracks (a feature called tracking). It was available with either SOHC or DOHC engines, the latter marketed as the FX-16. These advanced features are impossible to find on later-model VCRs due to the rise of digital video formats.

A new Corolla FX, built at the US NUMMI plant, appeared in 1987. Another high-end feature was manual audio level control, which made the VHS HiFi format much more useful for high-quality audio-only recording purposes as discussed above. These AE86 models have been immortalized in the anime series Initial D, and have been also featured in the computer and video games Need for Speed: Underground 2, Gran Turismo 3 & 4, and Auto Modellista. (Due to the different ways in which linear and HiFi audio are recorded, these kinds of dubbing were not possible with the HiFi tracks). The Sprinter sports cars, in two-door coupe and three-door liftback forms, were notable for the line's first use of pop-up headlamps, which the equivalent Corolla Levin sports models did not have. Without the dubbing features, this task would've required the tape to be copied to another tape which would cause generational loss. This engine was also combined with the front-drive transaxle to power the mid-engined Toyota MR-2. This was useful, for example, for laying a song over a previously edited-together montage of short video clips that were the same total duration as that song.

It was a 1.6 L (1587 cc) I4 and produced an impressive 124 hp (92 kW), turning the Sprinter Trueno (Japan), Corolla GT Coupe (Europe) and Corolla GT-S into a popular sports car. These would move the tape past the heads and keep the video unchanged while recording new linear audio or keep the linear audio unchanged while recording new video, respectively. A hot DOHC 16-valve engine, designated 4A-GE, was added in 1984 on the rear-drive cars. Some higher-end VHS and S-VHS VCRs once offered "audio dubbing" and "video dubbing" functions. The five-door liftback was sold with the Corolla Seca name in Australia and the nameplate survived on successive five-door models. Of course, for backward compatibility, hi-fi VCRs still write the linear audio track during recording, and can automatically read it during playback if the hi-fi audio is not present. Although there was a five-door liftback model of the basic Corolla, the FX-based hatchback was sold alongside it. The excellent sound quality of hi-fi VHS has gained it some popularity as an audio format in certain applications; in particular, ordinary home hi-fi VCRs are sometimes used by home recording enthusiasts as a handy and inexpensive medium for making high-quality stereo mixdowns and master recordings from multitrack audio tape.

The three- and five-door hatchbacks resembled the Corolla sedan with a truncated boot. When the video signal is written by the following video head, it erases and overwrites the audio signal at the surface of the tape, but leaves the deeper portion of the signal undisturbed. A "short" hatchback range, called the Corolla FX in Japan and the Corolla Compact in Germany, arrived in 1984, on the front-wheel-drive platform. These audio tracks take advantage of depth multiplexing: since they use lower frequencies than the video, their magnetization signals penetrate deeper into the tape. It was the first Corolla to top the New Zealand top-10 lists, ending Ford's dominance of that market. More recent hi-fi VCRs add higher-quality stereo audio tracks which are read and written by heads located on the same spinning drum that carries the video heads, frequency modulated to the unused frequency range in between the chroma and luma signals. The front-wheel-drive wheelbase was now 95.6 in (2428 mm). In the original VHS format, audio was recorded unmodulated in a single (monaural) linear track at the upper edge of the tape, which was limited in frequency response by the tape speed.

This model, from 1984, moved the Corolla into front wheel drive, except for the AE85 Corolla Levin (SR5 coupe and GT Coupe outside Japan) and AE86 Sprinter Trueno which continued on the older rear wheel drive platform, along with the three-door "liftback" (TE72), three-door van (KE70) and five-door wagon (KE70) of the previous generation, that were still being produced. The video bandwidth is achieved with a relatively low tape speed by the use of helical scan recording of a frequency modulated luminance (black and white) signal, to which a frequency-reduced "color under" chroma (hue and saturation) signal is added. The fifth generation (AE8x) is generally regarded as the finest Corolla when measured against its contemporaries, and some 3.3 million units were produced. The vertical resolution of VHS (and all other analog recording methods) is determined by the TV standard — a maximum of 486 lines are visible in NTSC and a maximum of 576 lines in PAL. The 1980-81 models had 4 lamps in the front in some markets, all 82-83 models have 2. The frequency modulation of the luminance signal makes higher resolutions impossible within the VHS standard, no matter how advanced the recorder's technology. In 1980, during this model's life, Corolla daily production reached an all-time high, averaging 2,346 units. VHS tapes have approximately 3 MHz of video bandwidth, and a horizontal resolution of about 240 discernible lines per scanline [1].

The year 1983 introduced the Corolla's first overhead cam engine, the 1.6 L (1587 cc/96 in³) 4A-C in the AE71 model range. An unofficial LP mode with half the standard speed exists on some NTSC machines, but is not part of the VHS standard. A new 1.8 L (1770 cc/108 in³) 3T engine was optional to some markets, producing 75 hp (56 kW), whilst parts of the world retained the old 4K. Because of this, commercial prerecorded tapes were almost always recorded in SP mode. This generation (apart from the wagon) got a new rear coil spring five-link rear end with panhard rod, and the wheelbase was longer at 94.5 in (2400 mm). Of course, these speed reductions cause corresponding reductions in video quality; also, tapes recorded at the lower speed often exhibit poor playback performance on recorders other than the one they were produced on. The car were also avaliable in coupe versions (TE71 and TE72). More recent machines usually allow the selection of longer recording times by lowering the tape speed: LP mode (for PAL and some NTSC machines) halves the tape speed and doubles the recording time, while EP mode (for NTSC and some newer PAL machines, aka SLP mode) drops the tape speed to one-third, for triple the recording time.

Equally, there was a Daihatsu Charmant variant. Most cassettes have lower recording times because they use thicker tape, which helps avoid jams; careful users generally avoid the thinnest tapes. Although most of the fourth generation was replaced by 1984, the station wagon and van versions soldiered on into 1987. A cassette holds a maximum of about 430 m of tape at the lowest acceptable tape thickness, giving a maximum playing time of about 3.5 hours for NTSC and 5 hours for PAL at "standard" (SP) quality. The fourth-generation model (Ke70) released in 1979 in Japan, was a boxy, rear-wheel-drive offering. The tape speed is 3.335 cm/s for NTSC, 2.339 cm/s for PAL. US-market chassis:. A VHS cassette contains a ½ inch (12.7 mm) wide magnetic tape wound between two spools, allowing it to be slowly passed over the various playback and recording heads of the video cassette recorder.

A sporty 2T-G engine was also in the lineup in the Japanese model hardtop (AKA Levin) producing 124hp with a DOHC performance head, and later models with fuel injection. . The TE3x series 2T-C engines had an additional bump in horsepower thanks to their hemi-design and larger displacement (1588cc)giving the engines 75hp at the flywheel outmatching rival Datsun B210s engine output. Most newer VHS machines do not perform this unthreading step, as due to improved engineering, head-tape contact is no longer an impediment to fast winding. These figures are fairly optimistic (probably tested without ancillaries such as alternators or water pumps) to make the car look good for sales, in reality most Corollas of the time produced about 30 hp (22 kW) at the wheels, which can be estimated to 45 hp (34 kW) at the flywheel. Early VHS machines could rewind and fast forward the tape considerably faster than a Betamax VCR since they unthreaded the tape from the playback heads before commencing any high-speed winding. However emissions became a problem further into the 1970s, and the 4K engine in the KE5x series produced only 60 hp (45 kW), despite and increased capacity of 1290 cc. VHS initially offered a longer playing time than the Betamax system, and it also had the advantage of a far less complex tape transport mechanism.

Early Corollas in this range (KE3x) with 3K engines produced 73 hp (54 kW) from just 1166 cc. VHS became a standard format for consumer recording and viewing in the 1980s and 1990s after competing in a fierce format war with Sony's Betamax and, to a lesser extent, Philips' Video 2000. The base model cost US$2,711 in 1975, but one needed to step up to the $2,989 "deluxe" to get features comparable to the contemporary pack. Some early reports claim the name originally stood for Victor Helical Scan System. They also criticized the "relatively crude rear suspension" and lack of interior space and poor fuel economy when compared to the VW Rabbit. VHS officially stands for Video Home System, but it initially stood for Vertical Helical Scan, after the relative head/tape scan technique. Road & Track was critical of the 1975 Corolla, calling it "large and heavy" and "expensive" compared to the Honda Civic and Datsun B210. The Video Home System, first released in September 1976, better known by its abbreviation VHS, is a recording and playing standard for video cassette recorders (VCRs), developed by JVC (with some of its critical technology under lucrative licensing agreements with Sony) and launched in 1976.

USA (1974-1979). Viz Video (1993-). JPN-market chassis:. Buena Vista Home Entertainment (1989-). The KE40 series was assigned to the Sprinter variants. Miramax Home Entertainment, a unit of Buena Vista Home Entertainment (1989-). A three-door "liftback" (KE50) was added in 1976, along with a sporty-looking "sport coupe" body style. New Line Home Entertainment, a TimeWarner Company (1989-).

A "Toyoglide" 2/3-speed automatic transmission was added as well as four-speed and for the "E/5, and "SR5" a five-speed manual transmissions. Carolco Home Video, a division of Artisan Entertainment, a Lions Gate Company (1988-1995). These model codes were designated "TE3x". Orion Home Video, a Sony Pictures Entertainment Company (1988-1997). All body styles—two- and four-door sedan (KE30), two-door hardtop (KE35) and three/five-door station wagon (KE36/KE38)—still used the 1.2 L (1166 cc/71 in³) 3K engine in certain markets, while most Japanese and American models got the stronger 1.6 L (1588 cc/96 in³) 2T engine. Anchor Bay Entertainment (1980s-). While there were certain fourth-generation models with a longer model life, this generation, when considered as a whole, was the longest-lived one, possibly due to the worldwide recession in the 1970s. Hi-Tops Video, a Heron Communications Company (1985-1992).

In addition to the Sprinter, there was a rebodied version built by Toyota affiliate Daihatsu, called the Daihatsu Charmant. Simitar Entertainment (1980s-1990s). The third-generation Toyota Corolla, built from 1974–81 (worldwide versions) (KE3x/KE5x), marked Toyota's greatest growth in the United States in the wake of the fuel crisis. Touchstone Home Entertainment, a unit of the Walt Disney Company (1984-). Japan (1974-1981). Artisan Entertainment, a Lions Gate Company (1984-). * TE-27 - Hardtop Coupe, SR5. Family Home Entertainment, a division of Artisan Entertainment, a Lions Gate Company (1982-).

* TE-25 - Wagon, DX. NBC Home Video, an NBC/Universal Company (1981-). * TE-21 - Sedan, 2 Door Sedan. Universal Studios Home Video, an NBC/Universal Company (1980-). US-market chassis:. Magnetic Video, the first duplicator/distributor of movies on video cassette for home use (1977-1981). Corollas with this engine were designated TE21 or TE27. Vestron Video, a division of Artisan Entertainment, a Lions Gate Company (1979-).

A 1.6 L (1588 cc/96 in³) 102 hp (76 kW) 2T engine came in 1971, quite impressive for the time, and the sporty SR5 (aka: Levin in Japan) was introduced in 1973. MGM Home Entertainment, a Sony Pictures Entertainment Company (1979-). The above models were available, as well as a hardtop coupe called the "SR-5". Media Home Entertainment, a Heron Communications Company (1978-1992). USA (1971-1974). Warner Home Video, a TimeWarner Company (1978-). * TE-27 - Hardtop Coupe (Levin/Trueno). HBO Video, a TimeWarner Company (1978-).

* TE-25 - Wagon, DX. Sony Pictures Home Entertainment (1978-). * TE-21 - Sedan, 2 Door Sedan. Walt Disney Home Entertainment (1978-). JPN-market chassis:. Twentieth (20th) Century-Fox Home Entertainment, a News Corporation Company (1977-). The Corolla became the second-best selling car in the world that year. Paramount Home Video, a Viacom Company (1976-).

There was a two and four-door sedan (KE20) available, as well as a two-door coupe (KE25), and three-door wagon (KE26). E-XXX indicates playing time for PAL or SECAM in SP speed. The front suspension design was improved greatly, using a swaybar, however the rear remained relatively the same. T-XXX indicates playing time for NTSC or PAL-M in SP speed. It had a longer 91.9 in (2334 mm) wheelbase, and used the 1.2 L (1166 cc/71 in³) 3K I4 which made 73 hp (54 kW). PAL-M, Brazil). The second-generation KE2x model , launched 1970, had "coke-bottle" styling. PAL/525/30 (i.e.

Japan (1969-1978). NTSC/525/30 (Most parts of North and South America, Japan, South Korea). Exports to the United States began in 1968 at about US$1,700, and the car has been popular since. MESECAM/625/25 (most other SECAM countries, notably Eastern Europe and Middle East). Toyota has been almost steadfast in facelifting each generation after two years, and replacing it with an all-new model every four years. SECAM/625/25 (SECAM, French variety). USA (1968-1970). PAL/625/25 (most of Western Europe, many parts of Asia and Africa).

The suspension in front was MacPherson struts supported by a transverse leaf spring beneath the engine crossmember, with leaf springs connected to a solid axle in back. A 4-speed manual transmission or 2 speed automatic transmission was available, and the car used rear wheel drive. Power came from either a 1.1 L (1077 cc/65 in³) OHV I4, the K, which produced 60 hp (45 kW), or the 1.2 L (1166 cc/71 in³) 3K in later models. The initial car, the KE1x series, was small, with a 90 in (2286 mm) wheelbase, and came in two- and four-door sedan (KE10 and KE11), two-door coupe (KE15), and three-door station wagon (KE16 and KE18) versions.

Eiji Toyoda, chairman of the company, said it worked hard to create popular demand, and disputes that Toyota rode a wave of private car ownership that was taking off in the mid-1960s. The Corolla was launched in Japan in October 1966. Japan (1966-1969). In Australia, the Corolla liftback (TE72) was at one point badged the T-18.

Over the years, there have been rebadged versions of the Corolla, including the 1980s’ Holden Nova of Australia, and the Sprinter-based Chevrolet Nova, Geo Prizm and Chevrolet Prizm of the United States. There have also been several spin-offs over the years, including the Corolla II hatchback, Corolla Ceres (and similar Sprinter Marino) hardtop, Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno sports coupes and hatchbacks, and the Corolla FX hatckback (now Corolla Runx). It was replaced in 2001 by the Toyota Allex. A slightly upmarket version is called the Toyota Sprinter, sold in the Japanese home market.

. The Corolla's chassis designation code is "E", as described in Toyota's chassis and engine codes. Corollas are currently manufactured in the United States (California), the United Kingdom, Canada (Cambridge, Ontario), India, South Africa, Brazil, Turkey and Thailand. [1].

Toyota has made 30 million cars under the Corolla name since its launch in 1966, making it the best selling car of all time. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world. The Toyota Corolla is a compact car produced by Toyota of Japan, known worldwide for its reliability, conventional engineering and low fuel consumption. AE-114 - AWD Sedan.

AE-110 - Sedan. AE-111 - Sedan, GT. AE95 - 4WD 5-Door Wagon with the 4A-F or 4A-FE engines. AE92 - with the 4A-F engine and the 4A-GE engine (GTi).

CE90 - with the C1 engine. EE90 - with the 2E engine. AE95 - 4WD 5-Door Wagon. AE92 - Sedan, SR5/GT-S Coupé, 2WD 5-Door Wagon.

AE-86 - FWD 4-door Sedan /5-door Hatchback. AE-82 - FWD 4-door Sedan /5-door Hatchback. AE-80 - FWD 4-door Sedan /5-door Hatchback. AE-86 - RWD GT-S/SR5 Coupé.

AE-84 - 4WD 5-door wagon. AE-82 - FWD Sedan, FWD 4/2-door hatchback (FX/FX16), FWD 5-door wagon. TE-55 - Liftback, SR5. TE-51 - Sport Coupe SR5.

TE-37 - Hardtop Coupe SR5,SR. TE-35 - Wagon, DX. TE-31 - Sedan, E/5,DX 2 Door Sedan, E/5,DX. TE-55 - Liftback.

TE-51 - Sport Coupe (Levin/Treuno). TE-37 - Hardtop Coupe (Levin/Trueno). TE-35 - Wagon. TE-31 - Sedan,2 Door Sedan.