The Picture of Dorian GrayDVD cover for the 1945 film version showing Hurd Hatfield (centre) as Gray, Donna Reed (left) as Gladys Hallward, Angela Lansbury (right) as Sibyl Vane and George Sanders (background) as Lord Henry WottonThe Picture of Dorian Gray is a novel by Oscar Wilde first published in 1890. In his preface to this, the only novel that he ever wrote, Wilde remarked "There is no such thing as a moral or an immoral book. Books are well written, or badly written. That is all." SynopsisSpoiler warning: Plot or ending details follow.The novel begins with Lord Henry Wotton observing the artist Basil Hallward painting the portrait of a handsome, young man named Dorian Gray in his London studio. Dorian arrives to sit for the artist, and Lord Henry tells him that youth is the only thing worth having, and that Dorian will soon age and lose his beauty. Once the portrait is finished, Dorian looks at it and wishes that he would stay like the picture, and it will bear his age for him. Under the influence of Lord Henry, Dorian begins an exploration of his senses. He begins by discovering a brilliant actress, Sibyl Vane, who performs Shakespeare in a dingy theatre. Dorian approaches her, and very soon, proposes marriage to her. Sibyl, who only knows Dorian as "Prince Charming", rushes home to tell her sceptical mother and brother. Her brother tells her that if Dorian harms her, he shall kill him. Dorian invites Basil and Lord Henry to see Sibyl perform in Romeo and Juliet. Sibyl, whose only knowledge of love was through the theatre, loses all her abilities after experiencing true love with Dorian, and performs very badly. Dorian rejects her, saying that her beauty was in her art. Once he returns to his apartment, Dorian notices that Basil's portrait of him has changed. The smile on his mouth has become crueller and less friendly. Dorian realises that his wish has come true, and the portrait is bearing his sins. The next morning, Dorian decides to reconcile with Sibyl, but Lord Henry arrives to say that Sibyl has killed herself by swallowing Prussic acid. Dorian accepts his fate, and over the next eighteen years indulges in the seven deadly sins, under the influence of a "poisonous" French novel given to him by Lord Henry. One day, Basil arrives to question Dorian about rumours of his indulgences. Dorian does not deny the debauchery, and endeavours to show Basil his soul. He takes Basil to the portrait, which is revealed to have become montrously ugly under Dorian's sins. Dorian blames the artist for his fate, and stabs him to death. He then blackmails an old friend into destroying the body. Dorian seeks escape from the deed he has done in an opium parlour. After being rejected by the proprietor, who calls him by the name "Prince Charming", he leaves. Sibyl Vane's brother, who is in the parlour, recognises the name, and follows him. He attempts to kill Dorian, but is deceived when Dorian tells him that he would have been too young to have been involved with his sister. The sailor goes back to the opium den, where the woman tells him that Dorian has never aged for the past eighteen years. At a shooting party at a country house, Dorian sees the brother stalking the grounds. However, an accident occurs during the shooting and the brother is shot. After returning to London Dorian informs Lord Henry that he will be good from now on, and has started by not eloping with a vicar's daughter. At his apartment, he wonders if the portrait would have changed, now that he has changed his ways. He unveils the portrait to see that it has got worse: there is blood on his hands. He has been vain in imagining that he could redeem himself. In a fit of rage, he picks up the knife that killed Basil Hallward, and plunges it into the painting. His servants send for the police, who find a bloated, ugly old man with a knife in his heart, and the portrait of Dorian, as beautiful as he was eighteen years ago. Publication historyIn the fall of 1889 J. M. Stoddart was in London to solicit short novels for one of his enterprises, Lippincott's Monthly Magazine. To one dinner he invited Arthur Conan Doyle and Oscar Wilde. They both agreed to write for him and Doyle submitted his second Sherlock Holmes novel The Sign of Four. There was a delay in getting Wilde's work to press while numerous changes were made to the manuscripts of the novel (some of which survive to this day). Some of these changes were made at Wilde's instigation, and some at Stoddart's. One especially notable change is the removal from the manuscripts of references to the fictitious book Le Secret de Raoul, and to its fictitious author, Catulle Sarrazin. The book and its author are still referred to in the published versions of the novel, but are unnamed. The Picture of Dorian Gray was finally published on June 20, 1890 in the July edition of Lippencott's.... It was an immediate sensation. A substantially revised and expanded edition of The Picture of Dorian Gray was published by Ward, Lock and Bowden in April 1891. For this edition, Wilde revised the content of the novel's existing chapters, divided the final chapter into two chapters, and created six entirely new additional chapters. Whereas the original edition of the novel contains 13 chapters, the revised edition of the novel contains 20 chapters. The table on the right shows how the chapters in the two different editions correspond to one another. Between the publication of the original edition of the novel and the publication of the revised edition, Wilde published his "Preface" to the novel, in the 1 March 1891 edition of the literary/scientific journal the Fortnightly Review. This "Preface", which could be considered an aesthetic manifesto, consisted of 24 aphorisms - the first being 'The artist is the creator of beautiful things', and the last being 'All art is quite useless' - expounding some of the key tenets of aesthetic philosophy. Wilde added another aphorism - 'No artist is ever morbid. The artist can express everything.' - to the "Preface", when it was included in the revised edition of the novel published in April 1891. One especially notable change made for the revised edition is that whereas events in the latter half of the novel were previously specified as taking place around Dorian Gray's 32nd birthday, on 7 November; they were now specified as taking place around Dorian Gray's 38th birthday, on 9 November. This has the effect of extending the period of time over which the story occurs. The revised edition of The Picture of Dorian Gray, incorporating the 25 aphorisms of the "Preface", has come to be considered the standard edition, and is widely held to be superior to its published predecessor. Nonetheless, it is instructive to compare the manuscripts and the two different editions of Wilde's novel. Critics have been especially interested in the purging of homoerotic themes and allusions during the course of the novel's development, so that while such themes and allusions abound in the final revised edition, they are less explicit than in previous versions of the novel - although no less effective for that. These changes to the novel are not merely of academic interest, but were relevant to the three prosecutions involving Oscar Wilde that took place in the spring of 1895, resulting in his eventual arrest and imprisonment. John Sholto Douglas' defence attorney in the first prosecution, Edward Carson, attempted to use The Picture of Dorian Gray as evidence of Wilde's corrupting influence upon Alfred Douglas. Carson referred to the fact that Wilde had revised the novel, and cast aspersions upon his motivation for so doing. Some latter-day editions of The Picture of Dorian Gray silently change the word 'Jew', which is used disparagingly in chapters 4 and 7 of the novel, to the word 'man', presumably an instance of political correctness. Individuals referred to in the novelThe number of each chapter of The Picture of Dorian Gray in which an individual is referred to is given in parentheses alongside their name. These chapter numbers are specific to the revised edition of the novel first published in April 1891. Fictitious (created by Oscar Wilde)71 Fictional characters, referred to by name in the novel, are creations of Oscar Wilde. These individuals are listed in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. Chapter numbers are listed for chapters in which an individual's name is referred to either in full or in abbreviated form, but not for chapters in which an individual appears anonymously or pseudonymously. Titles/salutations are only given here in lieu of a full name, when a full name is not given in the novel. Where an individual also appears elsewhere in Wilde's oeuvre, this is indicated.
Textual variants (original edition)The role of Mrs Leaf in the original edition of the novel published in July 1890, and her conversation with Dorian Gray, were significantly reduced for the revised edition of the novel that was first published in April 1891. Mr Ashton in the original edition of the novel was renamed Mr Hubbard for the revised edition of the novel. Fictitious (other)31 fictional characters, referred to by name in the novel, are not creations of Oscar Wilde. These individuals are listed in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text, alongside details of their provenance.
Textual variants (original manuscripts)2 references to fictitious individuals not created by Oscar Wilde, in the original manuscripts of the novel, were excised for the original edition of the novel published in July 1890.
Real/historical104 real/historical individuals are referred to explicitly in the novel. These individuals are listed in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text, under the name by which they are most commonly known.
Textual variants (original manuscripts)8 references to real/historical individuals, in the original manuscripts of the novel, were excised for the original edition of the novel published in July 1890.
Textual variants (original edition)One reference to a real/historical individual, in the original edition of the novel published in July 1890, was excised for the revised edition of the novel that was first published in April 1891.
Creative works referred to in the novelThe number of each chapter of The Picture of Dorian Gray in which a creative work is referred to is given in parentheses alongside that work's title. These chapter numbers are specific to the revised edition of the novel first published in April 1891. Chapter numbers are listed only for chapters in which a creative work is referred to explicitly. For chapters in which individuals from particular creative works are referred to, see 'Individuals referred to in the novel', above. FictitiousTwo fictitious creative works are referred to in the novel. These creative works are listed in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text.
Real/historical16 real/historical creative works are referred to in the novel. These works are listed in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. Where the work is explicitly quoted in the text, in addition to being referred to, this is indicated.
Textual variants (original manuscripts)The original manuscripts of the novel contained a reference to an unnamed volume of sonnets by the real/historical individual Paul Verlaine. This was replaced with a reference Émaux et camées, by Théophile Gautier, for the original edition of the novel published in July 1890. News publications/periodicals referred to in the novelThe number of each chapter of The Picture of Dorian Gray in which a news publication/periodical is referred to is given in parentheses. 6 news publications/periodicals are referred to in the novel.
Film/televisionAdaptations of the novelAt least 15 film/television adaptations of The Picture of Dorian Gray have either been released or are currently in production. These vary widely in their faithfulness to the original novel, with some versions updating the period in which the story is set, and some even altering the gender of the story's protagonists. These are listed in chronological order of release.
Other references to the novel
Other references
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These are listed in chronological order of release. This convinces Anna who heads off to see the king. These vary widely in their faithfulness to the original novel, with some versions updating the period in which the story is set, and some even altering the gender of the story's protagonists. She then tells of the kings many shortcomings, but big heart in, what will soon become the theme of the musical, "Something Wonderful". At least 15 film/television adaptations of The Picture of Dorian Gray have either been released or are currently in production. Also, she says that the palace has learned that some people are telling Queen Victoria that the king is a barbarian and wish to make Siam a protectorate. 6 news publications/periodicals are referred to in the novel. Lady Thiang then reveals that she knows about Tuptim and Lun Tha. The number of each chapter of The Picture of Dorian Gray in which a news publication/periodical is referred to is given in parentheses. Since the king has not sent for her she refuses to go. This was replaced with a reference Émaux et camées, by Théophile Gautier, for the original edition of the novel published in July 1890. Lady Thiang says that the king was deeply hurt by what Anna said in the schoolroom that day. The original manuscripts of the novel contained a reference to an unnamed volume of sonnets by the real/historical individual Paul Verlaine. As she is getting ready for bed Lady Thiang comes to her room. Where the work is explicitly quoted in the text, in addition to being referred to, this is indicated. Later that night Anna storms into her bedroom, fuming about the king in "Shall I Tell You What I Think of You?". These works are listed in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. They then start discussing what make their parents fight, even though they do not htink their parents are sure about their conclusions in "Reprise: A Puzzlement". 16 real/historical creative works are referred to in the novel. Anna and Louis run out and the king is left to wonder about his policies. That same day the prince and Anna's son meet in a corridor where they make up. These creative works are listed in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. Anna then accuses the king of being a promise breaker which only provokes him more. Two fictitious creative works are referred to in the novel. That fight is quickly broken up. For chapters in which individuals from particular creative works are referred to, see 'Individuals referred to in the novel', above. This provokes a near fight between Louis and Chulalongkorn, who are now best of friends. Chapter numbers are listed only for chapters in which a creative work is referred to explicitly. An arguement follows and Anna threatens to return to England unless she is given a house. These chapter numbers are specific to the revised edition of the novel first published in April 1891. He begins to lecture Anna, and in the lecture he repromands Anna for onlt teaching his children about a house. The number of each chapter of The Picture of Dorian Gray in which a creative work is referred to is given in parentheses alongside that work's title. The king comes rushing in, and instantly quiets his children and wives. One reference to a real/historical individual, in the original edition of the novel published in July 1890, was excised for the revised edition of the novel that was first published in April 1891. An uproar then ensures. 8 references to real/historical individuals, in the original manuscripts of the novel, were excised for the original edition of the novel published in July 1890. We learn that Anna has been enjoying teaching in Siam with "Getting to Know You." When Anna tries to teach the children about snow, they refuse to believe. These individuals are listed in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text, under the name by which they are most commonly known. We are then brought to the schoolroom where Anna is teaching the children. 104 real/historical individuals are referred to explicitly in the novel. He leaves and the king cries out about his vexation and uncertainty in "A Puzzlement". 2 references to fictitious individuals not created by Oscar Wilde, in the original manuscripts of the novel, were excised for the original edition of the novel published in July 1890. He is then horrified when his father is not sure about what is the truth, since the king is supposed to know everything. These individuals are listed in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text, alongside details of their provenance. He then tells that they learned about how the Earth spins on its axis but he dismiss the idea as false because he has been taught something different. 31 fictional characters, referred to by name in the novel, are not creations of Oscar Wilde. He then recites a proverb about a house, telling us that Anna is still pressing the matter of her house. Mr Ashton in the original edition of the novel was renamed Mr Hubbard for the revised edition of the novel. A couple months later Chulalongkorn is stopped by his father and asked to recite what he has been learning. The role of Mrs Leaf in the original edition of the novel published in July 1890, and her conversation with Dorian Gray, were significantly reduced for the revised edition of the novel that was first published in April 1891. Anna is so enchanted by the children she chooses to stay, despite the problem about her house. Where an individual also appears elsewhere in Wilde's oeuvre, this is indicated. Also during this we are introduced to Chaufa Chulalongkorn, Lady Thiang's son and heir to the throne. Titles/salutations are only given here in lieu of a full name, when a full name is not given in the novel. During the "March of the Siamese Children" all the king's children show respect to the king and to Anna. Chapter numbers are listed for chapters in which an individual's name is referred to either in full or in abbreviated form, but not for chapters in which an individual appears anonymously or pseudonymously. Anna then speaks of her deceased husband to Lady Thiang, the kings head wife, in "Hello Young Lovers." The king then rushes in to announce that the royal children are ready for presentment. These individuals are listed in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. Anna, after talking to the wives, is amazed at their thinking that all woman are more lowly than men. 71 Fictional characters, referred to by name in the novel, are creations of Oscar Wilde. He dismisses her and tells her to talk to his wives, of which he has many. These chapter numbers are specific to the revised edition of the novel first published in April 1891. Anna arrives and immediately confronts the king about her house. The number of each chapter of The Picture of Dorian Gray in which an individual is referred to is given in parentheses alongside their name. When the emissary leaves she sings of her new "Lord and Master", however in the song she reveals that she and Lun Tha are secretly in love. Some latter-day editions of The Picture of Dorian Gray silently change the word 'Jew', which is used disparagingly in chapters 4 and 7 of the novel, to the word 'man', presumably an instance of political correctness. Meanwhile at the palace an emissary from Burma, Lun Tha, presents to the king a gift of a young girl named Tuptim. Carson referred to the fact that Wilde had revised the novel, and cast aspersions upon his motivation for so doing. The kralahome takes her to the king. John Sholto Douglas' defence attorney in the first prosecution, Edward Carson, attempted to use The Picture of Dorian Gray as evidence of Wilde's corrupting influence upon Alfred Douglas. "A brick residence adjoining the royal palace" are the exact words. These changes to the novel are not merely of academic interest, but were relevant to the three prosecutions involving Oscar Wilde that took place in the spring of 1895, resulting in his eventual arrest and imprisonment. She is then greeted by the kralahome. There is a discrepancy about her house, which was promised to her. Critics have been especially interested in the purging of homoerotic themes and allusions during the course of the novel's development, so that while such themes and allusions abound in the final revised edition, they are less explicit than in previous versions of the novel - although no less effective for that. His mother teaches him how to conquer his fears in "I Whistle a Happy Tune". Nonetheless, it is instructive to compare the manuscripts and the two different editions of Wilde's novel. When Louis sees the kralahome or prime minister of Siam approaching their boat he becomes afraid. The revised edition of The Picture of Dorian Gray, incorporating the 25 aphorisms of the "Preface", has come to be considered the standard edition, and is widely held to be superior to its published predecessor. Anna arrives in Siam from Singapore, with her young son Louis. This has the effect of extending the period of time over which the story occurs. The wonderful music and the visual treats of the production camouflage the real insult that lies at the core of the play.". One especially notable change made for the revised edition is that whereas events in the latter half of the novel were previously specified as taking place around Dorian Gray's 32nd birthday, on 7 November; they were now specified as taking place around Dorian Gray's 38th birthday, on 9 November. The British, however, are portrayed as superior beings, gently trying to uplift their naïve hosts. The artist can express everything.' - to the "Preface", when it was included in the revised edition of the novel published in April 1891. as childlike, simple, and hopelessly unable to cope with the arrival of westerners. Wilde added another aphorism - 'No artist is ever morbid. It is stunning to sit through a performance of The King and I and to see not only the King, but all the Thai people, portrayed.. This "Preface", which could be considered an aesthetic manifesto, consisted of 24 aphorisms - the first being 'The artist is the creator of beautiful things', and the last being 'All art is quite useless' - expounding some of the key tenets of aesthetic philosophy. In 1997 the Thai Ambassador to the United States, Nitya Pibulsonggram, wrote to the Boston Herald: "The Thai people find The King and I in its movie and Broadway play forms offensive because it caricatures His Majesty King Mongkut in such a denigrating and condescending manner.. Between the publication of the original edition of the novel and the publication of the revised edition, Wilde published his "Preface" to the novel, in the 1 March 1891 edition of the literary/scientific journal the Fortnightly Review. Since the films have never been shown in Thailand, however, it is hard to know how many Thais would really be offended by them. The table on the right shows how the chapters in the two different editions correspond to one another. All the filmed versions of The King and I are banned in Thailand, and the stage version has never been produced there. The Thai government regards the story as historically inaccurate (which it certainly is), and as an insult to the memory of King Mongkut, and thus offensive to all Thais. Whereas the original edition of the novel contains 13 chapters, the revised edition of the novel contains 20 chapters. Also in 1999, an animated version of The King and I was released by Warner Bros.; it was also a musical, but except for using some of the songs, it was unrelated to the Rodgers and Hammerstein version. For this edition, Wilde revised the content of the novel's existing chapters, divided the final chapter into two chapters, and created six entirely new additional chapters. The two non-musical versions contain considerable variations from the original stories, from the musical, and from one another. A substantially revised and expanded edition of The Picture of Dorian Gray was published by Ward, Lock and Bowden in April 1891. This version starred Jodie Foster and Chow Yun-Fat. It was an immediate sensation. In 1946, Rex Harrison and Irene Dunne starred in the film Anna and the King of Siam; and in 1999, 20th Century Fox released a non-musical remake, named Anna and the King. The Picture of Dorian Gray was finally published on June 20, 1890 in the July edition of Lippencott's.... A television series, Anna and the King, was created in 1972, giving credit to Margaret Landon for the creation. The book and its author are still referred to in the published versions of the novel, but are unnamed. Brynner reprised the role twice on Broadway in 1977 and 1985, and in a short-lived TV sitcom in 1972, Anna and the King. One especially notable change is the removal from the manuscripts of references to the fictitious book Le Secret de Raoul, and to its fictitious author, Catulle Sarrazin. Brynner won an Oscar as Best Actor for his portrayal, and Kerr was nominated as Best Actress. Some of these changes were made at Wilde's instigation, and some at Stoddart's. The show was filmed in 1956 with Brynner re-creating his role opposite Deborah Kerr. There was a delay in getting Wilde's work to press while numerous changes were made to the manuscripts of the novel (some of which survive to this day). The musical opened on Broadway on March 29, 1951 and starred Gertrude Lawrence as Anna, and a then mostly unknown Yul Brynner as the King. They both agreed to write for him and Doyle submitted his second Sherlock Holmes novel The Sign of Four. The plot comes from the autobiographical story of Anna Leonowens, who became governess to the children of King Mongkut of Siam in the early 1860s. To one dinner he invited Arthur Conan Doyle and Oscar Wilde. The King and I is a musical by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, with a script based on Anna and the King of Siam by Margaret Landon. Stoddart was in London to solicit short novels for one of his enterprises, Lippincott's Monthly Magazine. M. In the fall of 1889 J. His servants send for the police, who find a bloated, ugly old man with a knife in his heart, and the portrait of Dorian, as beautiful as he was eighteen years ago. In a fit of rage, he picks up the knife that killed Basil Hallward, and plunges it into the painting. He has been vain in imagining that he could redeem himself. He unveils the portrait to see that it has got worse: there is blood on his hands. At his apartment, he wonders if the portrait would have changed, now that he has changed his ways. After returning to London Dorian informs Lord Henry that he will be good from now on, and has started by not eloping with a vicar's daughter. However, an accident occurs during the shooting and the brother is shot. At a shooting party at a country house, Dorian sees the brother stalking the grounds. The sailor goes back to the opium den, where the woman tells him that Dorian has never aged for the past eighteen years. He attempts to kill Dorian, but is deceived when Dorian tells him that he would have been too young to have been involved with his sister. Sibyl Vane's brother, who is in the parlour, recognises the name, and follows him. After being rejected by the proprietor, who calls him by the name "Prince Charming", he leaves. Dorian seeks escape from the deed he has done in an opium parlour. He then blackmails an old friend into destroying the body. Dorian blames the artist for his fate, and stabs him to death. He takes Basil to the portrait, which is revealed to have become montrously ugly under Dorian's sins. One day, Basil arrives to question Dorian about rumours of his indulgences. Dorian does not deny the debauchery, and endeavours to show Basil his soul. Dorian accepts his fate, and over the next eighteen years indulges in the seven deadly sins, under the influence of a "poisonous" French novel given to him by Lord Henry. The next morning, Dorian decides to reconcile with Sibyl, but Lord Henry arrives to say that Sibyl has killed herself by swallowing Prussic acid. Dorian realises that his wish has come true, and the portrait is bearing his sins. The smile on his mouth has become crueller and less friendly. Once he returns to his apartment, Dorian notices that Basil's portrait of him has changed. Dorian rejects her, saying that her beauty was in her art. Sibyl, whose only knowledge of love was through the theatre, loses all her abilities after experiencing true love with Dorian, and performs very badly. Dorian invites Basil and Lord Henry to see Sibyl perform in Romeo and Juliet. Her brother tells her that if Dorian harms her, he shall kill him. Sibyl, who only knows Dorian as "Prince Charming", rushes home to tell her sceptical mother and brother. Dorian approaches her, and very soon, proposes marriage to her. He begins by discovering a brilliant actress, Sibyl Vane, who performs Shakespeare in a dingy theatre. Under the influence of Lord Henry, Dorian begins an exploration of his senses. Once the portrait is finished, Dorian looks at it and wishes that he would stay like the picture, and it will bear his age for him. Dorian arrives to sit for the artist, and Lord Henry tells him that youth is the only thing worth having, and that Dorian will soon age and lose his beauty. The novel begins with Lord Henry Wotton observing the artist Basil Hallward painting the portrait of a handsome, young man named Dorian Gray in his London studio. That is all.". Books are well written, or badly written. In his preface to this, the only novel that he ever wrote, Wilde remarked "There is no such thing as a moral or an immoral book. The Picture of Dorian Gray is a novel by Oscar Wilde first published in 1890. Jack is able to defeat the evil being. The demon is present in a person-snatching poster that eventually shows up in Opal City, carried by Merritt. In James Robinson's Starman series, the Shade knew Oscar Wilde, and Wilde based the story off of a "true story" involving a man named Merritt who made a deal with a demon. Dorian Gray is referenced in The Libertines song "Narcissist" on The Libertines (album) and in 'Hopes and Fears' by James Blunt. The book was parodied in The Green Carnation by Stanley Hichen. The plot takes place in and amidst the gay club scene and a sophisticated hologram stands in for the painting. Reed titled "A Face Without a Heart" (Design Image Group Inc., 2000). Dorian Gray was also re-done in a modern setting in a novel by Rick R. Dorian Gray was later reincarnated in "Dorian" by Will Self. Dorian Gray, however, does not figure prominently in the comic book, and his role in the film is largely an invention of the filmmakers. . The film is based upon a comic book series - The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, by Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill - in which individuals from 19th century fiction also feature prominently. The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (2003)
As in Oscar Wilde's novel, Dorian enjoys perpetual youth. "Rescue", episode of Blake's 7 (1981)
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