The Monkees

The Monkees in 1968 (left to right): Micky Dolenz, Peter Tork, Mike Nesmith and Davy Jones

The Monkees were a four-person band who appeared in an American television series of the same name, which ran on NBC from 1966 to 1968. The Monkees were formed in 1965 in Los Angeles, California and disbanded in 1970. Several reunions of the original lineup have taken place. The first reunion lasted from 1986-1989, and a second regrouping took place between 1996-1997. The Monkees last worked together for a brief period in 2001.

History of the series

The television show first aired on September 12, 1966 on the American NBC television network and lasted for two seasons and 58 episodes; its final primetime episode ran on September 9, 1968. Modeled on the Beatles' film A Hard Day's Night, The Monkees featured the antics and music of a fictional pop-rock group which, due to the necessities of the program and the massive success of the records, became a real pop-rock group.

The four young men who became The Monkees were British-born David ("Davy") Jones (percussion/vocals), George Michael ("Micky") Dolenz (drums/vocals), Michael Nesmith (guitar/vocals), and Peter Tork (bass/keyboards/vocals). They were cast after ads were placed in trade publications calling for actors to play "4 insane boys" on a new television series. 437 hopeful actors and musicians auditioned for the parts; a then relatively unknown Stephen Stills was shortlisted for a role, but was eventually knocked out because of his bad teeth, with Peter Tork finally winning the role Stills had hoped to get. Rumors have circulated that Charles Manson also auditioned, but these rumors have been shown to be false.

Nesmith and Tork were both already professional musicians, but Dolenz and Jones were better known as actors. All four were trained in both improvisational comedy and performing musically as a group before the pilot episode was filmed, so that they could look and act like a cohesive band even though it was only their voices being used on the initial recordings.

As a television show, The Monkees used techniques rarely seen on television—characters breaking the fourth wall and talking to the camera and sometimes even to people off-camera in the studio, fantasy sequences, jump cuts, and at least once a week a musical romp which might have nothing to do with the story line. In fact, many of the episodes included what now look very much like video clips: short, self-contained films featuring one of the songs from a Monkees album.

The Monkees were put together by a number of people who went on to later success. The show was produced by Bert Schneider and Bob Rafelson, who later produced the film Easy Rider ; Rafelson went on to direct such films as Five Easy Pieces and The King of Marvin Gardens. The 1965 pilot episode was co-written by Paul Mazursky and the late Larry Tucker, who later co-wrote the movie Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice, which Mazursky directed; he went on to direct such films as Harry and Tonto and Down and Out in Beverly Hills.

The Monkees' 2 main commercial sponsors were Kellogg's and Yardley Cosmetics of London; they alternated every week. The Monkees were seen in humorous commercials for Kellogg's Rice Krispies, which were seen at the end of biweekly telecasts of The Monkees TV show on NBC; they also made an ad for Black Label Aftershave by Yardley.

The Monkees won two Emmy Awards in 1967: Outstanding Comedy Series and Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy (James Frawley).

Trademarks

"The Fairy Tale"
  • Stock footage
  • Davy falls in love
  • Peter gets in trouble
  • Musical romps
  • Last minute interviews
  • Drag
  • Authority resistance
  • Adaptation of classic literature (e.g. "The Fairy Tale")
  • Multiple roles
  • Criminals with short hair and business suits
  • Subtle social commentary (e.g. C.I.S. on "The Spy Who Came In From The Cool" and "Monkee Chow Mein" and Disneyland on "Monstrous Monkee Mash" and "The Wild Monkees")

Season One

  1. Royal Flush
  2. Monkee See, Monkee Die
  3. Monkee Vs. Machine
  4. Your Friendly Neighborhood Kidnappers The success of the First Season lands The Monkees on the cover of TV Guide, January 1967
  5. The Spy Who Came In From The Cool
  6. Success Story
  7. Monkees In A Ghost Town
  8. Don't Look A Gift Horse In The Mouth
  9. The Chaperone
  10. Here Come The Monkees (original pilot episode)
  11. Monkees A La Carte
  12. I've Got A Little Song Here
  13. One Man Shy (a.k.a. "Peter And The Debutante")
  14. Dance, Monkees, Dance
  15. Too Many Girls (a.k.a. "Davy And Fern")
  16. Son Of A Gypsy
  17. The Case Of The Missing Monkee
  18. I Was A Teenage Monster
  19. Find The Monkees (a.k.a. "The Audition")
  20. Monkees In The Ring
  21. The Prince And The Pauper
  22. Monkees At The Circus
  23. Captain Crocodile
  24. Monkees A La Mode
  25. Alias Micky Dolenz
  26. Monkee Chow Mein
  27. Monkee Mother
  28. Monkees On The Line
  29. Monkees Get Out More Dirt
  30. Monkees In Manhattan (a.k.a “The Monkees Manhattan Style”)
  31. Monkees At The Movies
  32. Monkees On Tour

Season Two

Michael, Micky, David and Peter inbetween takes on the second season episode "Hitting the High Seas", October 1967.
  1. It's A Nice Place To Visit
  2. The Picture Frame (a.k.a. "The Bank Robbery")
  3. Everywhere A Sheik, Sheik
  4. Monkee Mayor
  5. Art, For Monkees' Sake
  6. I Was A 99Lb. Weakling
  7. Hillbilly Honeymoon (a.k.a. "Double Barrell Shotgun Wedding")
  8. Monkees Marooned
  9. Card Carrying Red Shoes
  10. The Wild Monkees
  11. A Coffin Too Frequent
  12. Hitting The High Seas
  13. Monkees In Texas
  14. Monkees On The Wheel
  15. The Christmas Show
  16. Fairy Tale
  17. Monkees Watch Their Feet
  18. Monstrous Monkee Mash
  19. The Monkees' Paw
  20. The Devil & Peter Tork
  21. Monkees Race Again (a.k.a. "Leave The Driving To Us")
  22. The Monkees In Paris (a.k.a. "The Paris Show")
  23. Monkees Mind Their Manor
  24. Some Like It Lukewarm (a.k.a. "The Band Contest")
  25. Monkees Blow Their Minds
  26. Mijacogeo (a.k.a. "The Frodis Caper")

Beyond television

After the television show was cancelled, Rafelson directed the four Monkees in a feature film, Head, executive-produced by Schneider and co-written and co-produced by Rafelson with a then relatively unknown actor named Jack Nicholson. The film, created and edited in a stream of consciousness style, featured cameo appearances by movie star Victor Mature and musician Frank Zappa. It was filmed in Screen Gems Studios and on location in California, Utah and The Bahamas from February 11 to May 21, 1968 and premiered in New York City on November 6 of that year. Sadly, it was not a commercial success; this was in part because Head, being an antithesis of The Monkees TV show, comprehensively demolished the group's carefully-groomed public image, as evidenced by the following stanzas from Rafelson and Nicholson's "Ditty-Diego" (recited at the start of the film by The Monkees), which ruthlessly parodies Boyce and Hart's "Monkees Theme":

Hey hey we are The Monkees
You know we love to please
A manufactured image
With no philosophies
Promotional poster for the movie Head, starring The Monkees, 1968
We hope you love our story
Although there isn't one
That is to say there's many
That way there is more fun
You told us you like action
And games of many kinds
You like to dance we like to sing
So let's all lose our minds!
We know it doesn't matter
'Cause what you came to see
Is what we'd love to give you
And give it one, two, three!
But it may come three, two, one, two
Or jump from nine to five
And when you see the end in sight
The beginning may arrive!
For those who look for meanings
In form as they do fact,
We might just tell you one thing
But we'd only take it back
Not back like in a box back
Not back like in a race
Not back so we can keep it
But back in time and space!
You say we're manufactured
To that we all agree
So make your choice and we'll rejoice
In never being free!
Hey hey we are The Monkees!
We've said it all before!
The money's in, we're made of tin
We're here to give you more!

But over the intervening years Head has developed a cult following for its innovative style and anarchic humor, and the soundtrack album (long out of print but now available in an expanded CD version) is counted among their best recordings. Members of The Monkees, Nesmith in particular, cite Head as one of the crowning achievements of the band.

From TV to stage

Critics of The Monkees complained that they were a made-for-TV knockoff of The Beatles (although John Lennon was a fan of the show), and that The Monkees were a group chosen by a casting director.

The massive success of the series and its spin-off records had created intense pressure to mount a touring version of the group by late 1966. Against the initial wishes of the producers, Dolenz, Jones, Nesmith and Tork went out on the road. The results were far better than anyone had a right to expect, and wherever they went they were greeted by scenes of fan hysteria not seen since The Beatles. This gave the four stars increased confidence in their battle for creative control over the music used in the series.

The Monkees had complained that the producers would not allow them to play their own instruments on their records. Their frustrations were increased by the fact that they were all accomplished musicians in their own right. This campaign eventually forced the series' musical coordinator Don Kirshner to let them have more participation in the recording process (against his strong objections), which included Nesmith producing his own songs and band members making some instrumental contributions. Led by Nesmith, the band eventually rebelled against Kirshner, who was later fired, and beginning with their third album, Headquarters, the four Monkees did play most of the parts on the rest of their record albums.

The Monkees' Headquarters album cover, 1967

Kirshner was reported to have been incensed by the group's rebellion and swore never to repeat his mistake. This experience led directly to his later ventures The Archies and Josie and The Pussycats, which were animated series — the "stars" existed only on an animation cel and obviously could not demand creative control over the records issued under their name.

When the group toured Britain in 1967 there was a major controversy over the supposed revelation that the group did not play on their own records, and the news made the front pages of several UK and international music papers, with the group derisively dubbed "The Pre-Fab Four". Nevertheless, they were warmly welcomed by many top British stars including The Beatles, who knew them to be skilled musicians and sympathised with their wish to have more control over their music.

Many now feel that the controversy unfairly targeted The Monkees and conveniently ignored the fact that almost all the leading British and American groups — up to and including The Beatles — habitually used sessions players on their recordings, and that this practice had always (until then) passed without comment.

Supporters of the group also point out that producers and Kirshner had the good taste to use some of the best songwriters of the period, including Neil Diamond, Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart, Gerry Goffin and Carole King, Harry Nilsson and Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, as well as using top-ranking Los Angeles session musicians on the records. The Monkees also deserve credit for helping bring America's attention to the Jimi Hendrix Experience, who they took on as an opening act during their 1967 concert tour, even though Hendrix quit after only a few shows. Reports circulated at the time that he had been removed from the tour after complaints from the conservative women's group Daughters Of The American Revolution. This was later proved false and it has since been revealed that the story was concocted for publicity purposes by the Australian journalist and music writer Lillian Roxon, who had been accompanying the tour with her friend, the Australian singer Lynne Randell, who was one of the supporting acts and who was romantically involved with Jones at the time.

The Monkees had several international hits — which are still heard on oldies stations — including "I'm a Believer", "(I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone", "Daydream Believer", "Last Train to Clarksville" — and even a number of social criticism songs, the best known of which is probably "Pleasant Valley Sunday".

Six albums were produced with the original lineup (four of which went to Number 1 on the Billboard chart), which was supplemented by a series of successful world concert tours. But tensions within the group were increasing, and Tork quit shortly after the band's Far East tour in late 1968, but not before completing work on their 1969 NBC television special, 33 1/3 Revolutions Per Monkee. Three more albums would follow while Tork, in December 1968, and then Nesmith, in March 1970, left the group, leaving only Dolenz and Jones to record as The Monkees. Eventually, Jones too departed, leaving Dolenz as the sole remaining recording Monkee, and so marked the end of the first phase of The Monkees' recording career.

At the same time, The Monkees TV series enjoyed a resurgence on Saturday Afternoon television for four seasons (September 13, 1969 to September 2, 1972 on CBS and September 9, 1972 to August 25, 1973 on ABC); after which, its 58 episodes were sold to local markets for syndication in September 1975.

Revival

The reunited Monkees in 1987

In 1986, a Monkees TV show marathon on the video music channel MTV re-launched The Monkees, sparking worldwide interest by both original fans and their children, who flocked to see The Monkees in sold-out shows. Nesmith was forced to sit out most of these reunion projects because of prior commitments to his bustling Pacific Arts video production company. Spurred on by massive MTV promotion, the reunited trio quickly became one of the hottest acts of 1986, with their original albums selling in the millions and a new greatest hits collection reaching platinum status. To show his support, Nesmith appeared onstage with Dolenz, Jones and Tork twice, both times in Los Angeles, in 1986 and 1989. He also appeared with the band in a 1986 Christmas medley music video for MTV and took part in a dedication ceremony at the Hollywood Walk of Fame, where The Monkees received a star in 1989.

The sudden revival of The Monkees in 1986 helped move the first Monkees single since 1970, "That Was Then, This Is Now", into the American Top 20. A new album by the touring trio, Pool It!, quickly followed and met with moderate success. From 1986 to 1989, The Monkees would conduct major concert tours in the United States, Australia, Japan, the United Kingdom and Europe.

Michael Nesmith rejoins his bandmates in Los Angeles, 1989

In the 1990s, The Monkees continued to create new musical material, eventually recording an album which all four members performed and produced; this became Justus in 1996. The trio of Dolenz, Jones and Tork reunited again for a successful 30th anniversary tour of American amphitheaters in 1996, while Nesmith joined them onstage in Los Angeles to promote the new songs from Justus. For the first time since the initial reunion in 1986, Nesmith returned to the concert stage full-time for a tour of the United Kingdom in 1997, and two sold-out concerts at Wembley Arena in London highlighted the success of the band in the 1990s. The full quartet also appeared in an ABC television special (written and directed by Nesmith) in 1997, spoofing the original series that had made them famous. However, once the revival craze died down, so did Michael Nesmith's interest in the group, and the Monkees disbanded once again. In fact, Davy Jones has gone on record to say another reunion of The Monkees as a complete unit "will never happen again." The remaining three Monkees (Dolenz, Jones and Tork) tour sporadically, most recently in 2001.

Impact of The Monkees

The Monkees in 1967

The Monkees, selected specifically to appeal to the youth market with their manufactured personae and carefully produced singles, can be seen as the original precursor to the modern proliferation of studio and corporation-created bands, or the modern boy band. However, The Monkees differ from typical modern boy bands in several respects. The Monkees did not perform the tightly harmonized ballads or synchronized dance routines boy bands are noted for today. The group was shown playing musical instruments on the show, or actually played instruments during live shows, unlike boy bands. The Monkees also frequently contributed their own songwriting efforts on their albums. Most notably, the critical appeal of the band has only increased since their original inception, while it remains unproven that modern day boy bands will experience the longevity that the Monkees have enjoyed.

The Monkees found unlikely fans among musicians of the punk rock period of the mid-1970s. Many of these punk performers had grown up on TV reruns of the series, and in keeping with the prevailing anti-industry, anti-Establishment trend of their music, they adopted The Monkees as symbols of rebellion against the mainstream music industry, citing the group's insistence on breaking out of their manufactured TV image and proving that they could write and perform as a real band. The Sex Pistols went as far as recording a version of The Monkees' (I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone and there are some close parallels between the careers of the two bands. Modern day bands continue to cover their work, with the alternative rock group Smashmouth most recently having a hit with I'm a Believer in 2001.

Millions of people still listen to their music and it seems likely that Monkees singles will remain a staple on pop-rock and oldies stations for decades to come. In fact, their legacy has been further strengthened by Rhino Entertainment's acquisition of The Monkees' franchise from Columbia Pictures in the early 1990s, with remastered editions of both the original television series and their music library having now surfaced in stores on DVD and compact disc collections.

Quotation

Hey! Hey! We're The Monkees!
And people say we monkey around!
But we're too busy singin'
To put anybody down!

Albums

  • The Monkees (1966)
  • More of The Monkees (1967)
  • The Monkees' Headquarters (1967)
  • Pisces, Aquarius, Capricorn, & Jones, Ltd. (1967)
Early promotional photo of The Monkees on the set of the pilot, 1965
  • The Birds, The Bees, & The Monkees (1968)
  • Head (Motion Picture Soundtrack) (1968)
  • Instant Replay (1969)
  • The Monkees Present Micky, David, Michael (1969)
  • Changes (1970)
  • The Monkees Greatest Hits (1976)
  • More Greatest Hits (1982)
  • Then And Now...the Best of The Monkees (1986)
  • Pool It! (1987)
  • Live 1967 (1987)
  • Missing Links (1987)
  • 20th Anniversary Tour Live (1987)
  • Missing Links, Volume II (1990)
  • Listen to the Band (25th Anniversary boxed set) (1991)
  • Greatest Hits (1995)
  • Missing Links, Volume III (1996)
  • Justus (1996)
  • Anthology (1998)
  • Music Box (35th Anniversary boxed set) (2001)
  • The Best of The Monkees (2003)

Singles

  • Last Train to Clarksville (1966) US #1
  • I'm A Believer (1966) US #1
  • (I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone (1966) US #20
  • A Little Bit Me, A Little Bit You (1967) US #2
  • The Girl I Knew Somewhere (1967) US #39
  • Randy Scouse Git (1967) UK #1
The Monkees in 1996
  • Pleasant Valley Sunday (1967) US #3
  • Words (1967) US #11
  • Daydream Believer (1967) US #1
  • Valleri (1968) US #3
  • Tapioca Tundra (1968) US #34
  • D.W. Washburn (1968) US #19
  • It's Nice To Be With You (1968) US #51
  • Porpoise Song Theme from HEAD (1968) US #62
  • Teardrop City (1969) US #56
  • Listen to the Band (1969) US #63
  • Someday Man (1969) US #81
  • Good Clean Fun (1969) US #82
  • Oh My My (1970) US #98
  • That Was Then, This Is Now (1986) US #20
  • Heart and Soul (1987) US #27

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In fact, their legacy has been further strengthened by Rhino Entertainment's acquisition of The Monkees' franchise from Columbia Pictures in the early 1990s, with remastered editions of both the original television series and their music library having now surfaced in stores on DVD and compact disc collections. As of 2005, Nilsson's final album, tentatively titled Papa's Got a Brown New Robe, has never been released. Millions of people still listen to their music and it seems likely that Monkees singles will remain a staple on pop-rock and oldies stations for decades to come. A little over a month later, the 2-CD anthology he worked on with RCA Victor, Personal Best, was released. Modern day bands continue to cover their work, with the alternative rock group Smashmouth most recently having a hit with I'm a Believer in 2001. He completed the vocal tracks for the album on 15 January 1994, and then died that night of heart failure. The Sex Pistols went as far as recording a version of The Monkees' (I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone and there are some close parallels between the careers of the two bands. After surviving that, he began pressing his old label, RCA Victor, to release a boxed-set retrospective of his career, and also started recording again, attempting to complete one final album.

Many of these punk performers had grown up on TV reruns of the series, and in keeping with the prevailing anti-industry, anti-Establishment trend of their music, they adopted The Monkees as symbols of rebellion against the mainstream music industry, citing the group's insistence on breaking out of their manufactured TV image and proving that they could write and perform as a real band. His health was also deteriorating, and in 1993, he suffered a massive heart attack. The Monkees found unlikely fans among musicians of the punk rock period of the mid-1970s. Nilsson found himself in a dire financial situation when his trusted financial adviser embezzled all the money he had ever made as a recording artist. Most notably, the critical appeal of the band has only increased since their original inception, while it remains unproven that modern day boy bands will experience the longevity that the Monkees have enjoyed. He joined the Coalition to Stop Handgun Violence and begain making public appearances solely to raise money for their cause. The Monkees also frequently contributed their own songwriting efforts on their albums. Nilsson was profoundly affected by the murder of John Lennon in December 1980.

The group was shown playing musical instruments on the show, or actually played instruments during live shows, unlike boy bands. However, Nilsson increasingly began referring to himself as as a "retired musician". The Monkees did not perform the tightly harmonized ballads or synchronized dance routines boy bands are noted for today. He wrote all the songs for Robert Altman's movie-musical Popeye (1980), and recorded one more album, Flash Harry, which was released in the UK but not in the USA. However, The Monkees differ from typical modern boy bands in several respects. He wrote a musical play, Zapata, with Perry Botkin, Jr., which got as far as being performed in Connecticut but never moved to Broadway. The Monkees, selected specifically to appeal to the youth market with their manufactured personae and carefully produced singles, can be seen as the original precursor to the modern proliferation of studio and corporation-created bands, or the modern boy band. Nilsson's musical work after leaving RCA Victor was sporadic.

In fact, Davy Jones has gone on record to say another reunion of The Monkees as a complete unit "will never happen again." The remaining three Monkees (Dolenz, Jones and Tork) tour sporadically, most recently in 2001. This, combined with RCA Victor releasing a Nilsson Greatest Hits collection without consulting him, prompted Nilsson to leave the label. However, once the revival craze died down, so did Michael Nesmith's interest in the group, and the Monkees disbanded once again. However, the death of Elvis Presley caused RCA Victor to ignore everything except meeting demand for Presley's back catalog, and the promised marketing push never happened. The full quartet also appeared in an ABC television special (written and directed by Nesmith) in 1997, spoofing the original series that had made them famous. RCA Victor seemed to agree, and promised Nilsson a substantial marketing campaign for the album. For the first time since the initial reunion in 1986, Nesmith returned to the concert stage full-time for a tour of the United Kingdom in 1997, and two sold-out concerts at Wembley Arena in London highlighted the success of the band in the 1990s. With his voice strong again, and his songs exploring musical territory reminiscent of Harry or The Point!, Nilsson had every right to expect Knnillssonn to be a comeback album.

The trio of Dolenz, Jones and Tork reunited again for a successful 30th anniversary tour of American amphitheaters in 1996, while Nesmith joined them onstage in Los Angeles to promote the new songs from Justus. Finally, Nilsson recorded what he later considered to be his favorite album, 1977's Knnillssonn. In the 1990s, The Monkees continued to create new musical material, eventually recording an album which all four members performed and produced; this became Justus in 1996. Nilsson's voice had mostly recovered by his next release, Duit on Mon Dei (1975), but neither it nor its follow-ups, Sandman and ...That's the Way It Is (both 1976) met with chart success. From 1986 to 1989, The Monkees would conduct major concert tours in the United States, Australia, Japan, the United Kingdom and Europe. The resulting album, Pussy Cats, was a shock for listeners who knew Nilsson as one of the best singers of his generation. A new album by the touring trio, Pool It!, quickly followed and met with moderate success. To make matters worse, Nilsson ruptured a vocal cord during the sessions for this album, but hid the fact due to fear that Lennon would call a halt to the production.

The sudden revival of The Monkees in 1986 helped move the first Monkees single since 1970, "That Was Then, This Is Now", into the American Top 20. In a widely publicized incident, they were ejected from the Troubadour in West Hollywood for drunken heckling of the Smothers Brothers. He also appeared with the band in a 1986 Christmas medley music video for MTV and took part in a dedication ceremony at the Hollywood Walk of Fame, where The Monkees received a star in 1989. However, their time together in California became known much more for heavy drinking and drug use than it did for musical collaboration. To show his support, Nesmith appeared onstage with Dolenz, Jones and Tork twice, both times in Los Angeles, in 1986 and 1989. Lennon was intent upon producing Nilsson's next album, much to Nilsson's delight. Spurred on by massive MTV promotion, the reunited trio quickly became one of the hottest acts of 1986, with their original albums selling in the millions and a new greatest hits collection reaching platinum status. 1974 found Nilsson back in California, and when John Lennon moved there during his separation from Yoko Ono, the two musicians rekindled their earlier friendship.

Nesmith was forced to sit out most of these reunion projects because of prior commitments to his bustling Pacific Arts video production company. (Nilsson fans still await this film's release in some home video format.). In 1986, a Monkees TV show marathon on the video music channel MTV re-launched The Monkees, sparking worldwide interest by both original fans and their children, who flocked to see The Monkees in sold-out shows. The session was filmed, and was broadcast as a television special by the BBC in the UK. At the same time, The Monkees TV series enjoyed a resurgence on Saturday Afternoon television for four seasons (September 13, 1969 to September 2, 1972 on CBS and September 9, 1972 to August 25, 1973 on ABC); after which, its 58 episodes were sold to local markets for syndication in September 1975. While in hindsight, the sessions showcased an extremely talented singer in one of his best performances, this was not the sort of thing that was going to burn up the charts in the 1970s. Eventually, Jones too departed, leaving Dolenz as the sole remaining recording Monkee, and so marked the end of the first phase of The Monkees' recording career. Performing a selection of pop standards by the likes of Irving Berlin and Kalmar & Ruby, Nilsson sang in front of an orchestra arranged and conducted by veteran Gordon Jenkins in sessions produced by his constant supporter Derek Taylor.

Three more albums would follow while Tork, in December 1968, and then Nesmith, in March 1970, left the group, leaving only Dolenz and Jones to record as The Monkees. This disregard for commercialism in favor of artistic satisfaction showed itself in Nilsson's next release, A Little Touch of Schmilsson in the Night (1973). But tensions within the group were increasing, and Tork quit shortly after the band's Far East tour in late 1968, but not before completing work on their 1969 NBC television special, 33 1/3 Revolutions Per Monkee. Still, the album did well, and the single "Spaceman" was a Top 40 hit. Six albums were produced with the original lineup (four of which went to Number 1 on the Billboard chart), which was supplemented by a series of successful world concert tours. With lyrics like "I sang my balls off for you, baby", "Roll the world over / And give her a kiss and a feel", and the notorious "You're breaking my heart / You're tearing it apart / So f--k you", Nilsson had travelled far afield from his earlier work. The Monkees had several international hits — which are still heard on oldies stations — including "I'm a Believer", "(I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone", "Daydream Believer", "Last Train to Clarksville" — and even a number of social criticism songs, the best known of which is probably "Pleasant Valley Sunday". Besides the problem of competing with himself, Nilsson's decision to give free rein to his bawdiness and bluntness on this release alienated some of his earlier, more conservative fan base.

This was later proved false and it has since been revealed that the story was concocted for publicity purposes by the Australian journalist and music writer Lillian Roxon, who had been accompanying the tour with her friend, the Australian singer Lynne Randell, who was one of the supporting acts and who was romantically involved with Jones at the time. Nilsson followed quickly with Son of Schmilsson (1972), released while its predecessor was still on the charts. Reports circulated at the time that he had been removed from the tour after complaints from the conservative women's group Daughters Of The American Revolution. The third, "Jump Into the Fire", was raucous, screaming rock and roll, including a drum solo by Derek and the Dominos' Jim Gordon and a bass detuning by Herbie Flowers. The Monkees also deserve credit for helping bring America's attention to the Jimi Hendrix Experience, who they took on as an opening act during their 1967 concert tour, even though Hendrix quit after only a few shows. The second single was "Coconut", a novelty calypso number. Supporters of the group also point out that producers and Kirshner had the good taste to use some of the best songwriters of the period, including Neil Diamond, Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart, Gerry Goffin and Carole King, Harry Nilsson and Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, as well as using top-ranking Los Angeles session musicians on the records. The first was a cover of Badfinger's song, "Without You", featuring a highly emotional arrangement and soaring vocals to match, a performance that was rewarded with Nilsson's second Grammy Award.

Many now feel that the controversy unfairly targeted The Monkees and conveniently ignored the fact that almost all the leading British and American groups — up to and including The Beatles — habitually used sessions players on their recordings, and that this practice had always (until then) passed without comment. Nilsson Schmilsson yielded three hit singles that could not be more stylistically different from each other. Nevertheless, they were warmly welcomed by many top British stars including The Beatles, who knew them to be skilled musicians and sympathised with their wish to have more control over their music. Later that year, Nilsson went to England with producer Richard Perry to record what became the most successful album of his career. When the group toured Britain in 1967 there was a major controversy over the supposed revelation that the group did not play on their own records, and the news made the front pages of several UK and international music papers, with the group derisively dubbed "The Pre-Fab Four". Nilsson's album of songs from The Point! was well-received, and spawned a hit single, "Me and My Arrow". This experience led directly to his later ventures The Archies and Josie and The Pussycats, which were animated series — the "stars" existed only on an animation cel and obviously could not demand creative control over the records issued under their name. Nilsson's next project was an animated film, The Point!, created with animation director Fred Wolf, and broadcast on ABC television in 1971.

Kirshner was reported to have been incensed by the group's rebellion and swore never to repeat his mistake. The resuit, Nilsson Sings Newman (1970), was commercially disappointing but was named Record of the Year by Stereo Review magazine, and provided momemtum to Newman's career. Led by Nesmith, the band eventually rebelled against Kirshner, who was later fired, and beginning with their third album, Headquarters, the four Monkees did play most of the parts on the rest of their record albums. Nilsson was so impressed with Newman's talent that he devoted his entire next album to Newman compositions, with Newman himself playing piano behind Nilsson's multi-tracked vocals. This campaign eventually forced the series' musical coordinator Don Kirshner to let them have more participation in the recording process (against his strong objections), which included Nesmith producing his own songs and band members making some instrumental contributions. While the album still presented Nilsson as primarily a songwriter, his astute choice of cover material included, this time, a song by a little-known composer named Randy Newman. Their frustrations were increased by the fact that they were all accomplished musicians in their own right. Nilsson's next album, Harry (1969), was his first to hit the charts, and also provided a Top 40 single with "I Guess the Lord Must Be in New York City".

The Monkees had complained that the producers would not allow them to play their own instruments on their records. The result, "Best Friend", was very popular, but Nilsson never released the song on record. This gave the four stars increased confidence in their battle for creative control over the music used in the series. Nilsson was also commissioned at this time to write and perform the theme song for the ABC television series The Courtship of Eddie's Father. The results were far better than anyone had a right to expect, and wherever they went they were greeted by scenes of fan hysteria not seen since The Beatles. Aerial Ballet also contained Nilsson's version of his own composition, "One", which was later taken to the top of the charts by Three Dog Night. Against the initial wishes of the producers, Dolenz, Jones, Nesmith and Tork went out on the road. A minor hit at the time of release, the song would become extremely popular a year later when it was featured in the film Midnight Cowboy, and would earn Nilsson his first Grammy Award.

The massive success of the series and its spin-off records had created intense pressure to mount a touring version of the group by late 1966. Pandemonium Shadow Show was followed in 1968 by Aerial Ballet, an album that included Nilsson's rendition of Fred Neil's song "Everybody's Talkin'". Critics of The Monkees complained that they were a made-for-TV knockoff of The Beatles (although John Lennon was a fan of the show), and that The Monkees were a group chosen by a casting director. He replied, "Nilsson". Members of The Monkees, Nesmith in particular, cite Head as one of the crowning achievements of the band. Paul was then asked to name his favorite American group. But over the intervening years Head has developed a cult following for its innovative style and anarchic humor, and the soundtrack album (long out of print but now available in an expanded CD version) is counted among their best recordings. He replied, "Nilsson".

Sadly, it was not a commercial success; this was in part because Head, being an antithesis of The Monkees TV show, comprehensively demolished the group's carefully-groomed public image, as evidenced by the following stanzas from Rafelson and Nicholson's "Ditty-Diego" (recited at the start of the film by The Monkees), which ruthlessly parodies Boyce and Hart's "Monkees Theme":. When John Lennon and Paul McCartney held a press conference in 1968 to announce the formation of Apple Corps, John was asked to name his favorite American artist. It was filmed in Screen Gems Studios and on location in California, Utah and The Bahamas from February 11 to May 21, 1968 and premiered in New York City on November 6 of that year. Some of the albums from Derek Taylor's box eventually ended up with the Beatles themselves, who quickly became Nilsson fans. This may have been helped by the track "You Can't Do That", in which Nilsson covered one Beatles song but added 22 others in the multi-tracked background vocals. The film, created and edited in a stream of consciousness style, featured cameo appearances by movie star Victor Mature and musician Frank Zappa. With a major-label release, and continued songwriting success (The Monkees had a hit with Nilsson's "Cuddly Toy"), Nilsson finally felt secure enough in the music business to quit his job with the bank. After the television show was cancelled, Rafelson directed the four Monkees in a feature film, Head, executive-produced by Schneider and co-written and co-produced by Rafelson with a then relatively unknown actor named Jack Nicholson. One such insider was Beatles press officer Derek Taylor, who bought an entire box of copies of the album to share this new sound with others.

The Monkees won two Emmy Awards in 1967: Outstanding Comedy Series and Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy (James Frawley). Music industry insiders were impressed both with the songwriting, and with Nilsson's pure-toned, multi-octave vocals. The Monkees were seen in humorous commercials for Kellogg's Rice Krispies, which were seen at the end of biweekly telecasts of The Monkees TV show on NBC; they also made an ad for Black Label Aftershave by Yardley. Nilsson signed with RCA Victor in 1967 and released an album, Pandemonium Shadow Show, which was a critical (if not commercial) success. The Monkees' 2 main commercial sponsors were Kellogg's and Yardley Cosmetics of London; they alternated every week. (Despite this growing success, Nilsson was still working the night shift at the bank.). The 1965 pilot episode was co-written by Paul Mazursky and the late Larry Tucker, who later co-wrote the movie Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice, which Mazursky directed; he went on to direct such films as Harry and Tonto and Down and Out in Beverly Hills. His recording contract was picked up by Tower Records, who did nothing with it, but his songs were now being recorded by Glen Campbell, Fred Astaire, The Yardbirds, and many other artists.

The show was produced by Bert Schneider and Bob Rafelson, who later produced the film Easy Rider ; Rafelson went on to direct such films as Five Easy Pieces and The King of Marvin Gardens. He also established a relationship with songwriter and publisher Perry Botkin, Jr., who began to find a market for Nilsson's songs. The Monkees were put together by a number of people who went on to later success. In 1964, Nilsson worked with Phil Spector, writing three songs with him. As a television show, The Monkees used techniques rarely seen on television—characters breaking the fourth wall and talking to the camera and sometimes even to people off-camera in the studio, fantasy sequences, jump cuts, and at least once a week a musical romp which might have nothing to do with the story line. In fact, many of the episodes included what now look very much like video clips: short, self-contained films featuring one of the songs from a Monkees album. Another recording, "Donna, I Understand", convinced Mercury Records to offer Nilsson a contract, and release recordings by him under the name Johnny Niles. All four were trained in both improvisational comedy and performing musically as a group before the pilot episode was filmed, so that they could look and act like a cohesive band even though it was only their voices being used on the initial recordings. One, "Baa Baa Blackseep", was released under the pseudonym Bo Pete to some small local airplay.

Nesmith and Tork were both already professional musicians, but Dolenz and Jones were better known as actors. (Little Richard, upon hearing Nilsson sing, reportedly remarked, "My! You sing good for a white boy!") Marascalco also financed some independent singles by Nilsson. Rumors have circulated that Charles Manson also auditioned, but these rumors have been shown to be false. In 1963, Nilsson began to have some early success as a songwriter, working with John Marascalco on a song for Little Richard. 437 hopeful actors and musicians auditioned for the parts; a then relatively unknown Stephen Stills was shortlisted for a role, but was eventually knocked out because of his bad teeth, with Peter Tork finally winning the role Stills had hoped to get. Nilsson replied that he had already been paid -- five dollars a track.). They were cast after ads were placed in trade publications calling for actors to play "4 insane boys" on a new television series. (Years later, when Nilsson became famous, Turner decided to release these early recordings, and contacted Nilsson to work out a fair payment.

The four young men who became The Monkees were British-born David ("Davy") Jones (percussion/vocals), George Michael ("Micky") Dolenz (drums/vocals), Michael Nesmith (guitar/vocals), and Peter Tork (bass/keyboards/vocals). Turner paid Nilsson five dollars for each track they recorded. Modeled on the Beatles' film A Hard Day's Night, The Monkees featured the antics and music of a fictional pop-rock group which, due to the necessities of the program and the massive success of the records, became a real pop-rock group. Uncle John's singing lessons, along with Nilsson's natural talent, surely helped when he got a job singing demos for songwriter Scott Turner in 1960. The television show first aired on September 12, 1966 on the American NBC television network and lasted for two seasons and 58 episodes; its final primetime episode ran on September 9, 1968. His job with the bank was on the night shift, so Nilsson spent his days infiltrating Los Angeles music business offices, making friends and developing connections. The Monkees last worked together for a brief period in 2001. He had taken early stabs at performing while he was working at the Paramount, forming a vocal duo with his friend Jerry Smith and singing close harmonies in the style of the Everly Brothers.

The first reunion lasted from 1986-1989, and a second regrouping took place between 1996-1997. As early as 1958, Nilsson was hooked on the new wave of music, especially rhythm and blues artists like Ray Charles. Several reunions of the original lineup have taken place. He did so well, in fact, that the bank kept him on even after discovering the lie about his education. The Monkees were formed in 1965 in Los Angeles, California and disbanded in 1970. (He only made it through 9th grade.) He turned out to have an aptitude for computers, which were just starting to be employed by banks at the time. The Monkees were a four-person band who appeared in an American television series of the same name, which ran on NBC from 1966 to 1968. When the Paramount closed (circa 1960), Nilsson applied for a job at a bank, falsely stating he was a high school graduate on his application.

Heart and Soul (1987) US #27. Due to the poor financial situation of his family, Nilsson worked from an early age, including a job at the Paramount Theater in Los Angeles. That Was Then, This Is Now (1986) US #20. One relative who turned out to be an important influence on him was his Uncle John, a mechanic in San Bernadino, California, who taught him to sing properly. Oh My My (1970) US #98. Harry grew up with his mother Bette Nilsson and his younger half-sister, periodically moving to California or back to New York, and living with a procession of relatives and stepfathers. Good Clean Fun (1969) US #82. An autobiographical reference to this is found in the opening to Nilsson's song "1941":.

Someday Man (1969) US #81. His father, Harry Edward Nilsson, Jr., abandoned the family three years later. Listen to the Band (1969) US #63. Nilsson was born in the Bushwick section of Brooklyn, New York in 1941. Teardrop City (1969) US #56. His most well-known recordings are "Without You" and "Everybody's Talkin'". Porpoise Song Theme from HEAD (1968) US #62. Despite some spectacular successes, including two Grammy Awards, Nilsson's tendency to make broad stylistic jumps from one record to the next and his iconoclastic decisions kept him from capitalizing on those successes.

It's Nice To Be With You (1968) US #51. For most of his recordings, he did not use his first name, and was credited only as Nilsson. Washburn (1968) US #19. Harry Edward Nilsson III (June 15, 1941 - January 15, 1994) was an American songwriter, singer, pianist and guitarist, most popular during the 1960s and 1970s. D.W. Dawn Eden, One Last Touch of Nilsson (Goldmine magazine, April 29, 1994). Tapioca Tundra (1968) US #34. The Girl Next Door (2004) - "Jump Into the Fire".

Valleri (1968) US #3. Around the Bend (2004) - "Daddy's Song". Daydream Believer (1967) US #1. Shanghai Knights (2003) - "One". Words (1967) US #11. The Rules of Attraction (2002) - "Without You". Pleasant Valley Sunday (1967) US #3. Punch-Drunk Love (2002) - "He Needs Me" (Shelley Duvall's version from Popeye).

Randy Scouse Git (1967) UK #1. Riding in Cars with Boys (2001) - "Everything's Got 'Em", "Me and My Arrow". The Girl I Knew Somewhere (1967) US #39. Bridget Jones' Diary (2001) - "Without You". A Little Bit Me, A Little Bit You (1967) US #2. High Fidelity (2000) - "The Moonbeam Song". (I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone (1966) US #20. You've Got Mail (1998) - "I Guess the Lord Must Be in New York City", "Remember", "The Puppy Song", "Over The Rainbow".

I'm A Believer (1966) US #1. Practical Magic (1998) - "Coconut". Last Train to Clarksville (1966) US #1. The Ice Storm (1997) - "Coconut". The Best of The Monkees (2003). Ellen Foster (1997) - "Remember". Music Box (35th Anniversary boxed set) (2001). Angel on My Shoulder (1997).

Anthology (1998). Casino (1995) - "Without You". Justus (1996). Forrest Gump (1994) - "Everybody's Talkin'". Missing Links, Volume III (1996). Private School for Girls (1993) - "You're Breakin' My Heart". Greatest Hits (1995). Caroline (animated short, 1993) - "Caroline".

Listen to the Band (25th Anniversary boxed set) (1991). Reservoir Dogs (1992) - "Coconut". Missing Links, Volume II (1990). Goodfellas (1990) - "Jump Into the Fire". 20th Anniversary Tour Live (1987). Real Life (1979) - "Jump Into the Fire". Missing Links (1987). All That Jazz (1979) - "Perfect Day".

Live 1967 (1987). La Mortadella (1971) - "I Guess the Lord Must Be in New York City". Pool It! (1987). Dusty and Sweets McGee (1971) - "Don't Leave Me". Then And Now...the Best of The Monkees (1986). Me, Myself and I (1992) song "Me, Myself and I" written and performed. More Greatest Hits (1982). The Fisher King (1991) song "How About You" performed.

The Monkees Greatest Hits (1976). Camp Candy (TV series, animated, 1989-1991) theme song written, and performed with John Candy. Changes (1970). First Impressions (TV series, 1988) theme song co-written, performed. The Monkees Present Micky, David, Michael (1969). Handgun (1983) song "Lay Down Your Arms" written and performed. Instant Replay (1969). Popeye (1980) all songs written.

Head (Motion Picture Soundtrack) (1968). In God We Trust (1980) new version of "Good For God" performed. The Birds, The Bees, & The Monkees (1968). The World's Greatest Lover (1978) song "Ain't It Kinda Wonderful" performed. Pisces, Aquarius, Capricorn, & Jones, Ltd. (1967). Son of Dracula (1974) actor (lead role), all songs performed. The Monkees' Headquarters (1967). The Point! (1971) story, all songs written and performed.

More of The Monkees (1967). Jenny (1970) song "Waiting" written and performed. The Monkees (1966). Midnight Cowboy (1969) new version of "Everybody's Talkin'" performed. "The Frodis Caper"). The Courtship of Eddie's Father (TV series, 1969-1972) theme song written and performed, incidental music. Mijacogeo (a.k.a. Skidoo (1968) songs written and performed, soundtrack music composer, actor (bit role).

Monkees Blow Their Minds. Flash Harry (1980) (not released in USA). "The Band Contest"). Knnillssonn (1977). Some Like It Lukewarm (a.k.a. ...That's the Way It Is (1976). Monkees Mind Their Manor. Sandman (1976).

"The Paris Show"). Duit on Mon Dei (1975). The Monkees In Paris (a.k.a. Pussy Cats (1974). "Leave The Driving To Us"). Son of Dracula (1974). Monkees Race Again (a.k.a. A Little Touch of Schmilsson in the Night (1973).

The Devil & Peter Tork. Son of Schmilsson (1972). The Monkees' Paw. Nilsson Schmilsson (1971). Monstrous Monkee Mash. Aerial Pandemonium Ballet (1971). Monkees Watch Their Feet. The Point! (1971).

Fairy Tale. Nilsson Sings Newman (1970). The Christmas Show. Harry (1969). Monkees On The Wheel. Skidoo (soundtrack) (1968). Monkees In Texas. Aerial Ballet (1968).

Hitting The High Seas. Pandemonium Shadow Show (1967). A Coffin Too Frequent. Spotlight on Nilsson (1966). The Wild Monkees. Card Carrying Red Shoes.

Monkees Marooned. "Double Barrell Shotgun Wedding"). Hillbilly Honeymoon (a.k.a. Weakling.

I Was A 99Lb. Art, For Monkees' Sake. Monkee Mayor. Everywhere A Sheik, Sheik.

"The Bank Robbery"). The Picture Frame (a.k.a. It's A Nice Place To Visit. Monkees On Tour.

Monkees At The Movies. Monkees In Manhattan (a.k.a “The Monkees Manhattan Style”). Monkees Get Out More Dirt. Monkees On The Line.

Monkee Mother. Monkee Chow Mein. Alias Micky Dolenz. Monkees A La Mode.

Captain Crocodile. Monkees At The Circus. The Prince And The Pauper. Monkees In The Ring.

"The Audition"). Find The Monkees (a.k.a. I Was A Teenage Monster. The Case Of The Missing Monkee.

Son Of A Gypsy. "Davy And Fern"). Too Many Girls (a.k.a. Dance, Monkees, Dance.

"Peter And The Debutante"). One Man Shy (a.k.a. I've Got A Little Song Here. Monkees A La Carte.

Here Come The Monkees (original pilot episode). The Chaperone. Don't Look A Gift Horse In The Mouth. Monkees In A Ghost Town.

Success Story. The Spy Who Came In From The Cool. Your Friendly Neighborhood Kidnappers The success of the First Season lands The Monkees on the cover of TV Guide, January 1967 . Machine.

Monkee Vs. Monkee See, Monkee Die. Royal Flush. on "The Spy Who Came In From The Cool" and "Monkee Chow Mein" and Disneyland on "Monstrous Monkee Mash" and "The Wild Monkees").

C.I.S. Subtle social commentary (e.g. Criminals with short hair and business suits. Multiple roles.

"The Fairy Tale"). Adaptation of classic literature (e.g. Authority resistance. Drag.

Last minute interviews. Musical romps. Peter gets in trouble. Davy falls in love.

Stock footage.