Tennessee

State nickname: Volunteer State
Other U.S. States
Capital Nashville
Largest city Memphis (largest metropolitan area is Nashville)
Governor Phil Bredesen
Official languages English
Area 109,247 kmē (36th)
 - Land 106,846 kmē
 - Water 2,400 kmē (2.2%)
Population (2000)
 - Population 5,689,283 (16th)
 - Density 53.29 /kmē (19th)
Admission into Union
 - Date June 1, 1796
 - Order 16th
Time zone Eastern: UTC-5/-4 (eastern counties)
Central: UTC-6/-5 (central and western)
Latitude 35°N to 36°41'N
Longitude 81°37'W to 90°28'W
Width 195 km
Length 710 km
Elevation
 - Highest 2,025 m
 - Mean 275 m
 - Lowest 54 m
Abbreviations
 - USPS TN
 - ISO 3166-2 US-TN
Web site www.tennessee.gov

Tennessee is a Southern state of the United States.

Origin and history of the name Tennessee

The earliest variant of the name that became Tennessee was first recorded by Captain Juan Pardo, the Spanish explorer, when he and his men passed through a Native American village named "Tanasqui" in 1567 while travelling inland from South Carolina. European settlers later encountered a Cherokee town named Tanasi (or "Tanase") in present-day Monroe County, Tennessee. The town was located on a river of the same name (now known as the Little Tennessee River).

The meaning and origin of the word are uncertain. Some accounts suggest it is a Cherokee modification of an earlier Yuchi or possibly Creek word. It has been said to mean "meeting place", "winding river", or "river of the great bend".[1] (http://www.state.tn.us/sos/statelib/pubsvs/faq.htm#01)[2] (http://www.tngenweb.org/campbell/hist-bogan/tennessee.html)

The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to James Glen, the Governor of South Carolina, who used this spelling in his official correspondence during the 1750s. In 1788, North Carolina named the third county to be established in what is now Middle Tennessee "Tennessee County". When a constitutional convention met in 1796 to organize a new state out of the Southwest Territory, it adopted "Tennessee" as the name of the state.

History

The area now known as Tennessee was first settled by Paleo-Indians nearly 11,000 years ago. The names of the cultural groups that inhabited the area between first settlement and the time of European contact are unknown, but several distinct cultural phases have been named by archaeologists, including Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian whose chiefdoms were the cultural predecessors of the Muscogee people who inhabited the Tennessee River Valley prior to Cherokee migration into the river's headwaters.

When Spanish explorers first visited the area, led by Hernando de Soto in 1539-43, it was inhabited by tribes of Muscogee and Yuchi people. For unknown reasons, possibly due to expanding European settlement in the north, the Cherokee, an Iroquoian tribe, moved south from the area now called Virginia. As European colonists spread into the area, the native populations were forcibly displaced to the south and west, including all Muscogee and Yuchi peoples, including the Chickasaw and Choctaw. From 1838 to 1839, nearly 17,000 Cherokees were forced to march from Eastern Tennessee to Indian Territory west of Arkansas. This came to be known as the Trail of Tears, as an estimated 4,000 Cherokees died along the way.1

Tennessee was admitted to the Union in 1796 as the 16th state, and was created by taking the north and south borders of North Carolina and extending them with only one small deviation to the Mississippi River, Tennessee's western boundary. Tennessee was the last Confederate state to secede from the Union when it did so on June 8, 1861. After the American Civil War, Tennessee adopted a new constitution that abolished slavery (February 22, 1865), ratified the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution on July 18, 1866, and was the first state readmitted to the Union (July 24 of the same year).

Tennessee was the only state that seceded from the Union that did not have a military governor after the American Civil War, mostly due to the influence of President Andrew Johnson, a native of the state, who was Lincoln's vice president and succeeded him as president, due to the assassination.

In 1897, the state celebrated its centennial of statehood (albeit one year late) with a great exposition.

The need to create work for the unemployed during the Depression, the desire for rural electrification, and the desire to control the annual spring floods on the Tennessee River drove the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the nation's largest public utility, in 1933.

During World War II, Oak Ridge was selected as a US Department of Energy national laboratory, one of the principal sites for the Manhattan Project's production and isolation of weapons-grade fissile material.

Tennessee celebrated its bicentennial in 1996 after a yearlong statewide celebration entitled "Tennessee 200" by opening a new state park (Bicentennial Mall) at the foot of Capitol Hill in Nashville.

Law and Government

Tennessee's governor holds office for a four year term and may serve any number of terms, but not more than two in a row. The speaker of the state Senate has the title of lieutenant governor. See:List of Tennessee Governors.

The General Assembly (the state's legislature) consists of the 33-member Senate and the 99-member House of Representatives. Senators serve four year terms, and House members serve two year terms.

The highest court in Tennessee is the state Supreme Court. It has a chief justice and four associate justices. The Court of Appeals has 12 judges. The Court of Criminal Appeals has nine judges.

Tennessee's current state constitution was adopted in 1870. The state had two earlier constitutions. The first was adopted in 1796, the year Tennessee joined the union, and the second was adopted in 1834.

Geography

Map of Tennessee

See also: List of Tennessee counties, List of Tennessee state parks

Tennessee lies adjacent to 8 other states, matched only by Missouri which also borders 8 states. Tennessee is bordered on the north by Kentucky and Virginia, on the east by North Carolina, on the south by Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, and on the west by Arkansas and Missouri. The state is trisected by the Tennessee River. The highest point in the state is the peak of Clingmans Dome at 6,643 feet (2,025 meters), which lies on Tennesee's eastern border.

The state of Tennessee is traditionally divided by its people into three grand divisions - East, Middle, and West Tennessee. The Tennessee River is generally considered the dividing line between Middle and West Tennessee. The Cumberland Plateau is generally considered the dividing line between East and Middle Tennessee.

Tennessee features six principal geographic regions. Roughly from west to east, these are:

Economy

According to U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, in 2003 Tennessee's Gross State Product was $199,786,000,000, 1.8% of the total Gross Domestic Product.

In 2003, the per capita personal income was $28,641, 36th in the nation, and only 91% of the national per capita personal income of $31,472. Total earnings were $167,414,793,000.(BEARFACTS)


State sales tax is 7%, while the counties charge an additional 2.25% for a total of 9.25% across Tennessee. Some cities charge additional taxes, leading to some of the highest sales taxes in the United States. The overall state tax rate is relatively low, however, as Tennessee does not tax wage and salary income (although it does tax unearned income).

Demographics

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2003, Tennessee's population was estimated at 5,841,748 people.

The racial makeup of the state is:

The 5 largest ancestry groups in Tennessee are American (17.5%), African American (16.4%), Irish (9.3%), English (9.1%), German (8.3%).

6.6% of Tennessee's population were reported as under 5, 24.6% under 18, and 12.4% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 51.3% of the population.

Religion

The religious affiliations of the citizens of Tennessee are:

The three largest Protestant denominations in Tennessee are: Baptist (43% of the total state population), Methodist (11%), Churches of Christ (5%).

Important cities and towns

Nashville Knoxville

The capital is Nashville. Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state, but Nashville has a slightly larger metropolitan area. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of the state near the Great Smoky Mountains, have approximately a third of Memphis or Nashville's population. The three towns of Bristol, Kingsport, and Johnson City make up a fifth significant population center, often called the "Tri-Cities", in the far northeast of the state. As of 2000, the population is 5,689,283.

Tennessee cities' claims to fame are:

Education

The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Rhodes College, Memphis. Vanderbilt University, Nashville. St. Jude Children's Research Center, Memphis

Colleges and universities

Professional sports teams


Famous Tennesseans

See the List of famous Tennesseans and the List of Governors of Tennessee.

Miscellaneous information

See: Tennessee State Flag

See: Music of Tennessee

References


This page about Tennessee includes information from a Wikipedia article.
Additional articles about Tennessee
News stories about Tennessee
External links for Tennessee
Videos for Tennessee
Wikis about Tennessee
Discussion Groups about Tennessee
Blogs about Tennessee
Images of Tennessee

See: Music of Tennessee. A proposed arena in Brooklyn is in the planning stages and if apporoved, the Nets would move across the Hudson River for the 2007-2008 season. See: Tennessee State Flag. The owner has threatened to move the franchise beginning with the 2005-2006 season. See the List of famous Tennesseans and the List of Governors of Tennessee. In 2004 and 2005 there were constant rumors that the Nets were going to move back to New York.
. Teaming with Kidd, Carter rallied the team from being more than 10 games out of the playoffs to gain the final seed in the Eastern Conference. However, the duo could not overcome O'Neal again and were swept by the Miami Heat in the 2005 postseason.

Tennessee cities' claims to fame are:. In 2005, after two disappointing seasons, the Nets acquired disgruntled star Vince Carter from the Toronto Raptors. As of 2000, the population is 5,689,283. The following season Kidd again led the Nets to the finals, only to be thwarted by the San Antonio Spurs. The three towns of Bristol, Kingsport, and Johnson City make up a fifth significant population center, often called the "Tri-Cities", in the far northeast of the state. Under Kidd, the Nets advanced to the NBA Finals that season, but were defeated by Shaquille O'Neal and the Los Angeles Lakers. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of the state near the Great Smoky Mountains, have approximately a third of Memphis or Nashville's population. In 2001, though, the Nets acquired Jason Kidd, a perennial all-star.

Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state, but Nashville has a slightly larger metropolitan area. In the mid 1990s, the team continually tried to rebuild, as the Nets brought in star after star, only to see them fail. Players, such as Stephon Marbury, Kendall Gill, Keith Van Horn, and Jayson Williams each played for the Nets a few seasons before being traded again. The capital is Nashville. However, the team failed to advance in the playoffs, and after the stunning death of Petrovic, the others were traded. The three largest Protestant denominations in Tennessee are: Baptist (43% of the total state population), Methodist (11%), Churches of Christ (5%). However, the next few seasons yielded a shift from veterans to young players, as the Nets acquired Derrick Coleman, Drazen Petrovic, and Kenny Anderson. The religious affiliations of the citizens of Tennessee are:. Led by Darryl Dawkins, Buck Williams, Otis Birdsong, and Michael Ray Richardson, the team finally had a winning season and advanced into the playoffs, beating the Philadelphia 76ers before falling to the Milwaukee Bucks.

Females made up approximately 51.3% of the population. In the 1983-1984 season, though, the Nets fielded what was believed to be their best team since joining the NBA. 6.6% of Tennessee's population were reported as under 5, 24.6% under 18, and 12.4% were 65 or older. The next few years were disappointing, as the Nets compiled losing season after losing season, never advancing in the playoffs. The 5 largest ancestry groups in Tennessee are American (17.5%), African American (16.4%), Irish (9.3%), English (9.1%), German (8.3%). The year after the Nets joined the NBA, the franchise relocated to New Jersey, becoming the New Jersey Nets. The racial makeup of the state is:. The next season the ABA merged to form the NBA. Hampered by contract disputes, the Nets were forced to send Erving to the Philadelphia 76ers, ending a highly-promising era.

Census Bureau, as of 2003, Tennessee's population was estimated at 5,841,748 people. After a grueling series with the Denver Nuggets, the Nets won the championship series and could boast their second championship in three years. According to the U.S. Erving again led them to a successful 55-win season; he also was named MVP again that year. The overall state tax rate is relatively low, however, as Tennessee does not tax wage and salary income (although it does tax unearned income). However, the team rebounded in the 1975-1976 season. Some cities charge additional taxes, leading to some of the highest sales taxes in the United States. The next season also looked to be promising, but the Nets were stunned early on in the playoffs and were denied their second championship.

State sales tax is 7%, while the counties charge an additional 2.25% for a total of 9.25% across Tennessee. After Erving was declared the ABA's MVP, the Nets advanced in the playoffs and won their first ever ABA title.
. In the 1973-1974, with Erving, the Nets dramatically improved their record to a 55- win season. Total earnings were $167,414,793,000.(BEARFACTS). J". In 2003, the per capita personal income was $28,641, 36th in the nation, and only 91% of the national per capita personal income of $31,472. In the 1973 offseason, however, the Nets acquired Julius Erving, known as "Dr.

Bureau of Economic Analysis, in 2003 Tennessee's Gross State Product was $199,786,000,000, 1.8% of the total Gross Domestic Product. The 1972 - 1973 season was one of disappointment, as the Nets only won 30 games. According to U.S. Barry left after that postseason, sending the Nets into rebuilding mode. Roughly from west to east, these are:. However, they could not overcome the Indiana Pacers and lost the series four games to two. Tennessee features six principal geographic regions. In 1972, two years after the acquisition of star Rick Barry, the Nets advanced to the ABA finals.

The Cumberland Plateau is generally considered the dividing line between East and Middle Tennessee. The team was renamed to "Nets" to rhyme with the two other professional sports team in New York: the New York Mets and New York Jets. The Tennessee River is generally considered the dividing line between Middle and West Tennessee. Originally called the New Jersey Americans, the team changed its name and location to become the New York Nets. The state of Tennessee is traditionally divided by its people into three grand divisions - East, Middle, and West Tennessee. The franchise was established in 1967 as part of the American Basketball Association. The highest point in the state is the peak of Clingmans Dome at 6,643 feet (2,025 meters), which lies on Tennesee's eastern border. In 2004, the franchise was sold to Bruce Ratner.

The state is trisected by the Tennessee River. The New Jersey Nets are a National Basketball Association team based in East Rutherford, New Jersey. Tennessee is bordered on the north by Kentucky and Virginia, on the east by North Carolina, on the south by Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, and on the west by Arkansas and Missouri. Rod Thorn. Tennessee lies adjacent to 8 other states, matched only by Missouri which also borders 8 states. Kevin Loughery. See also: List of Tennessee counties, List of Tennessee state parks. Lawrence Frank.

The first was adopted in 1796, the year Tennessee joined the union, and the second was adopted in 1834. Byron Scott. The state had two earlier constitutions. Chuck Daly. Tennessee's current state constitution was adopted in 1870. Nenad Krstic. The Court of Criminal Appeals has nine judges. Richard Jefferson.

The Court of Appeals has 12 judges. Jason Kidd. It has a chief justice and four associate justices. Vince Carter. The highest court in Tennessee is the state Supreme Court. 52 Buck Williams. The General Assembly (the state's legislature) consists of the 33-member Senate and the 99-member House of Representatives. Senators serve four year terms, and House members serve two year terms. 32 Julius Erving.

See:List of Tennessee Governors. 25 Bill Melchionni. The speaker of the state Senate has the title of lieutenant governor. 23 John Williamson. Tennessee's governor holds office for a four year term and may serve any number of terms, but not more than two in a row. 4 Wendell Ladner. Tennessee celebrated its bicentennial in 1996 after a yearlong statewide celebration entitled "Tennessee 200" by opening a new state park (Bicentennial Mall) at the foot of Capitol Hill in Nashville. 3 Drazen Petrovic.

During World War II, Oak Ridge was selected as a US Department of Energy national laboratory, one of the principal sites for the Manhattan Project's production and isolation of weapons-grade fissile material. Richard Jefferson. The need to create work for the unemployed during the Depression, the desire for rural electrification, and the desire to control the annual spring floods on the Tennessee River drove the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the nation's largest public utility, in 1933. Vince Carter. In 1897, the state celebrated its centennial of statehood (albeit one year late) with a great exposition. Jason Kidd. Tennessee was the only state that seceded from the Union that did not have a military governor after the American Civil War, mostly due to the influence of President Andrew Johnson, a native of the state, who was Lincoln's vice president and succeeded him as president, due to the assassination. Alonzo Mourning.

After the American Civil War, Tennessee adopted a new constitution that abolished slavery (February 22, 1865), ratified the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution on July 18, 1866, and was the first state readmitted to the Union (July 24 of the same year). Keith Van Horn. Tennessee was the last Confederate state to secede from the Union when it did so on June 8, 1861. Kenyon Martin. Tennessee was admitted to the Union in 1796 as the 16th state, and was created by taking the north and south borders of North Carolina and extending them with only one small deviation to the Mississippi River, Tennessee's western boundary. Stephon Marbury. This came to be known as the Trail of Tears, as an estimated 4,000 Cherokees died along the way.1. Kerry Kittles.

From 1838 to 1839, nearly 17,000 Cherokees were forced to march from Eastern Tennessee to Indian Territory west of Arkansas. Armon Gilliam. As European colonists spread into the area, the native populations were forcibly displaced to the south and west, including all Muscogee and Yuchi peoples, including the Chickasaw and Choctaw. Kendall Gill. For unknown reasons, possibly due to expanding European settlement in the north, the Cherokee, an Iroquoian tribe, moved south from the area now called Virginia. Yinka Dare. When Spanish explorers first visited the area, led by Hernando de Soto in 1539-43, it was inhabited by tribes of Muscogee and Yuchi people. Chris Childs.

The names of the cultural groups that inhabited the area between first settlement and the time of European contact are unknown, but several distinct cultural phases have been named by archaeologists, including Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian whose chiefdoms were the cultural predecessors of the Muscogee people who inhabited the Tennessee River Valley prior to Cherokee migration into the river's headwaters. Kenny Anderson. The area now known as Tennessee was first settled by Paleo-Indians nearly 11,000 years ago. Bob McAdoo. When a constitutional convention met in 1796 to organize a new state out of the Southwest Territory, it adopted "Tennessee" as the name of the state. Nate Archibald. In 1788, North Carolina named the third county to be established in what is now Middle Tennessee "Tennessee County". Rick Barry.

The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to James Glen, the Governor of South Carolina, who used this spelling in his official correspondence during the 1750s. Drazen Petrovic. It has been said to mean "meeting place", "winding river", or "river of the great bend".[1] (http://www.state.tn.us/sos/statelib/pubsvs/faq.htm#01)[2] (http://www.tngenweb.org/campbell/hist-bogan/tennessee.html). Julius Erving. Some accounts suggest it is a Cherokee modification of an earlier Yuchi or possibly Creek word. The meaning and origin of the word are uncertain.

The town was located on a river of the same name (now known as the Little Tennessee River). European settlers later encountered a Cherokee town named Tanasi (or "Tanase") in present-day Monroe County, Tennessee. The earliest variant of the name that became Tennessee was first recorded by Captain Juan Pardo, the Spanish explorer, when he and his men passed through a Native American village named "Tanasqui" in 1567 while travelling inland from South Carolina. Tennessee is a Southern state of the United States.

ISBN 0870492853. Knoville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1979. Tennessee's Indian Peoples. 1 Satz, Ronald.

The USS Tennessee was named in honor of this state. Constitution, allowing women the right to vote. On August 18, 1920, Tennessee become the thirty-sixth and clinching state to ratify the 19th Amendment to the U.S. The Tennessee Valley Authority is based in Knoxville.

State song: Tennessee (http://www.50states.com/songs/tenn6.htm). Cleveland Majic. Nashville Rhythm. Minor League basketball teams

    .

    Johnson City Cardinals. Kingsport Mets. Greeneville Astros. Elizabethton Twins.

    Tennessee Smokies (Sevierville). West Tenn Diamond Jaxx (Jackson). Chattanooga Lookouts. Nashville Sounds.

    Memphis Redbirds. Minor League baseball teams

      . Tennessee Titans. National Football League
        .

        Knoxville Ice Bears. Southern Professional Hockey League

          . Nashville Predators. National Hockey League
            .

            Memphis Grizzlies. National Basketball Association

              . Jonesborough - Tennessee's Oldest Town. Johnson City - home of East Tennessee State University.

              Gatlinburg - tourist destination, gateway to Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Pigeon Forge - tourist destination, home to Dollywood amusement park. Lebanon - home to Cracker Barrel restaurant chain and site of first location, home of Nashville Superspeedway. Murfreesboro - home of Middle Tennessee State University; geographic center of Tennessee; home of famous American Civil War Battle of Stones River (also known as the Battle of Murfreesboro); site of second state capital of Tennessee.

              Cleveland - Church Of God (Cleveland) headquarters. Fort Campbell - home of the United States Army's 101st Airborne Division (though the base headquarters and address lie in Kentucky, the majority of the base is located in Tennessee). Clarksville - main campus of Austin Peay State University. Lawrenceburg - home of legendary pioneer Davy Crockett.

              Carthage - home of recent Vice President and Presidential candidate Al Gore. Spring Hill - like Smyrna, major automotive manufacturing center, only for Saturn automobiles. Smyrna - site of very large Nissan production facility. Lynchburg - home of Jack Daniels distillery.

              Bristol - site of major NASCAR track. Oak Ridge - major scientific/research center, Manhattan Project. Chattanooga - major railroad hub, financial center, major Civil War battleground. Knoxville - main campus of University of Tennessee, proximity to the Great Smoky Mountains, site of original capital of Tennessee, Tennessee Valley Authority headquarters, site of the 1982 World's Fair and the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame.

              Nashville - State capital, world center of country music industry, Southern Baptist Convention headquarters, Home of Vanderbilt University and Tennessee State University among many other small private colleges and universities, home of Tennessee Titans and Nashville Predators professional sports teams. Memphis - blues music center, birthplace of rock and roll, assassination of Martin Luther King, home of Elvis Presley, home of Memphis Grizzlies NBA team, home of University of Memphis (formerly Memphis State University), home to worldwide shipping giant FedEx, one of the centers of 60s and 70s soul music (Stax, Hi). Non-Religious – 6%. Other Religions – 1%.

              Other Christian – 1%. Roman Catholic – 5%. Protestant – 85%. 1.1% mixed race.

              1.0% Asian. 0.3% American Indian. 2.2% Hispanic. 16.4% Black.

              79.2% White. state taxes. Major industries/products. State income.

              Blue Ridge Mountains - including the Great Smoky Mountains. Ridge-and-valley Appalachians. Cumberland Plateau - also called the Appalachian Plateau. Highland Rim - this is continuous with the region in Kentucky termed the Pennyroyal Plateau.

              Nashville Basin. Gulf Coastal Plain - including the Mississippi embayment.