TLC

For the television network, see TLC Network. For Thin Layer Chromatography, see Chromatography.
TLC, as pictured on the cover of their third album, FanMail. (Left to right) Lisa "Left-Eye" Lopes, Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins, and Rozonda "Chili" Thomas.

TLC was a hugely successful R&B and hip-hop group that was active from 1991 until 2003. Originally called 2nd Nature, the group was founded in Atlanta, Georgia by Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins, Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes, and Crystal Jones. Before signing to LaFace Records through a production deal with R&B singer Peri "Pebbles" Reid, the group's name was changed to "TLC," and Crystal Jones was replaced by Rozonda "Chili" Thomas. Over a decade of activity and four studio albums, TLC currently holds the title of being the best-selling R&B girl-group of all time, selling 22 million albums, scoring four #1 hits, and crossing over successfully to pop audiences. However, the group was just as noted for its controversy as it was for its success.

History

2nd Nature

In 1991, Atlanta teenager Crystal Jones put out a call for two more girls to join her in a hip-hop/R&B group to be called "2nd Nature". Her request was eventually answered by Tionne Watkins, a native of Des Moines, Iowa who moved to Atlanta with her family at an early age, and Lisa Lopes, a rapper and singer who had just moved to the city from her native Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with only a keyboard and $750. 2nd Nature eventually managed to arrange an audition with R&B singer Peri Reid, professionally known as "Pebbles," who had started her own management and production company, Pebbitone. Impressed by the girls, Pebbles renamed the group "TLC" and arranged an audition for the group with local record label LaFace Records, run by Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds and Pebbles' husband, Antonio "L.A." Reid. L.A. Reid was impressed with Watkins and Lopes, but felt that Jones should be replaced; within a few months, former Damian Dame backup dancer Rosanda Thomas was brought in to replace Jones. The girls were signed to LaFace through a production deal with Pebbitone (with Pebbles taking the role of the group's manager), and almost immediately went into the studio with producers L.A. Reid & Babyface, Dallas Austin, Jermaine Dupri, and Marley Marl to produce their first album.

Besides being an acronym for "tender loving care", the name "TLC" was based upon the first names of the original members of the group: Tionne, Lisa, and Crystal. Therefore, when Thomas joined, the girls were given nicknames: Watkins became "T-Boz", Lopes "Left-Eye," and Thomas "Chili."

Ooooooohhh.... On the TLC Tip (1992)

The first TLC album, Ooooooohhh.... On the TLC Tip, was released in February 1992 by LaFace. The songs on the album were a blend between hip-hop and R&B, similar to the "new jack swing" sound popularized by producer Teddy Riley in the late-1980s; TLC's sound was dubbed "new jill swing." The album was a success, going double-platinum in a year's time and launching a number of US Billboard Top Ten singles: "Ain't 2 Proud 2 Beg," "Hat 2 Da Back," "What About your Friends," and "Baby-Baby-Baby."

TLC's lyrics, chiefly written by Left-Eye and Dallas Austin, were playful, female-empowering anthems characterized by Left-Eye's quirky, nasal-toned raps, T-Boz's low-voiced lead vocals, and Chili's powerful vocals and harmonization. The musical formula was augmented by the girls' brightly-colored videos and curious costuming: each girl wore unwrapped condoms on their clothing (Left-Eye also wore one in a pair of glasses over her left eye), apparently advocating contraception.

During TLC's first national tour as Hammer's opening act, the other bandmembers discovered that T-Boz had sickle-cell anemia, an aliment which she kept a closely-guarded secret until she became ill while TLC was touring the southwestern United States. T-Boz would continue to battle her condition, and eventually became a spokesperson for the Sickle Cell Disease Association of America in the late 1990s.

At the conclusion of the tour, TLC decided to take more control of their careers and thus informed Pebbles that they no longer wished her to be their manager. Pebbles released the group from its management deal, but they remained signed to Pebbitone, and Pebbles continued to receive a share of their earnings.

In 1993, TLC played the musical group "Sex as a Weapon" in the New Line Cinema film House Party 3, starring Kid 'n Play.

CrazySexyCool (1994)

Left-Eye had started dating Atlanta Falcons American football player Andre Rison shortly after the release of Ooooooohhh.... On the TLC Tip, and the two were by 1994 living together in Rison's upscale double-story home. Their relationship was allegedly filled with violent moments, and Left-Eye filed an assault charge against Rison on September 2, 1993, although Rison later denied battering her. Left-Eye was also battling alcoholism, having been a heavy drinker since her early teen years. After another fight between Left-Eye and Rison in the early morning hours of June 9, 1994, Left-Eye, tipsy from alcohol, tossed numerous pairs of Rison's newly purchased sneakers into a bathtub, doused them with gasoline, and lit them on fire. The Plexiglas bathtub quickly melted and set the structural frame of the house on fire. Although firefighters were called to the scene, the house could not be saved, because of the toxic fumes from the gasoline. Left-Eye was eventually arrested for and indicted on charges of first-degree arson; she was sentenced to five years of probation and required to enter alcoholism rehabilitation. Rison eventually reconciled with Left-Eye, and they continued dating on-and-off for most of the next few years.

TLC re-entered the studio with Dallas Austin, Dupri, Babyface, Organized Noise, and Sean "Puffy" Combs to record their second album, CrazySexyCool, during the fall of 1994. Left-Eye was released from rehab to attend the recording sessions, but the finished album featured significantly less of her vocals. The album instead focused more on T-Boz's and Chili's contributions and a smoother, more fluid sound, similar to the most successful single from the first album, the US #2 hit "Baby-Baby-Baby." All four singles from Crazysexycool reached the Billboard Top 5, including "Red Light Special," "Diggin' On You," and the #1 hits "Creep" and "Waterfalls." "Waterfalls," an Organized-Noise produced record that featured an old-school soul-based musical arrangement, socially conscious lyrics criticizing drug dealing and unsafe sex, and an introspective rap from Left-Eye, became TLC's biggest hit ever, and its million-dollar music video—at that time the most expensive ever—was an MTV staple for many months.

CrazySexyCool eventually sold over 11 million copies, becoming one of only seven R&B albums to ever receive a diamond certification from the RIAA, and won the 1996 Grammy Award for Best R&B Album. However, many were shocked when, in the midst of their apparent success, the members of TLC filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on July 3, 1995. They declared debts totaling 3.5 million dollars, much of it because of Lopes' insurance payments citing from the Rison arson incident and Watkins' medical bills, but the primary reason being that the three women were each taking home less than $35,000 a year after paying managers, producers, expenses, and taxes. They sought to renegotiate their contract wth LaFace--under their 1991 contract, they only received seven percent of the revenues from their album sales-- and to dissolve their association with Pebbitone. Both Pebbitone and LaFace countered that TLC simply wanted more money and were in no real financial danger, resulting in two years of legal hassles before the cases were finally settled in late 1996. TLC's contract was renegotiated, their production deal with Pebbitone and Pebbles (who had separated from husband L.A. Reid by this time) was rescinded, and the group was set to re-enter the recording studio in 1997.

FanMail (1999)

Preliminary work on TLC's third album, FanMail, was delayed when friction arose between the group and their main producer Dallas Austin, who was by this time dating Chili and helping to raise their young son Tron. Austin wanted $4 million and creative control to work on the project, resulting in a stand-off between the producer and the artists. During this period, Chili appeared in the independent film HavPlenty and T-Boz recorded the solo single "Touch Myself" for the Fled soundtrack and co-starred in Hype Williams' 1998 film Belly with rappers Nas and DMX. Left-Eye started her own Left-Eye Productions artist development company and signed Blaque, a TLC-like female R&B/hip-hop trio.

TLC eventually began working with other producers for the FanMail album, until finally negotiating with Austin, who produced the bulk of FanMail and gave the album a futuristic, more pop-based feel. FanMail was another success for TLC, selling 6 million copies and featuring the US #1 hits "No Scrubs," the first to feature Chili alone on lead vocals, and "Unpretty," an alternative rock-styled song about self-love written by Austin and T-Boz. The videos for both songs were heavily fetured on MTV and BET, and three more singles received decent radio play without the support of a music video: "Silly Ho," "I'm Good At Being Bad," and "Dear Lie" (a video was shot for "Dear Lie," but it only played overseas). Like CrazySexyCool before it, FanMail won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album of 1999.

During and after the release of FanMail, Left-Eye made it known to the press on multiple occasions that she felt that she was unable to fully express herself working with TLC and Dallas Austin. Her contributions to the songs had been reduced to periodic eight-bar raps, and studio session singers often took her place on the background vocals for the groups' songs. In its November 28, 1999 issue, Entertainment Weekly ran a letter from Left-Eye that challenged her groupmates to record solo albums and let the fans judge which of the three was the most talented:

"I challenge Tionne 'Player' Watkins (T-Boz) and Rozonda 'Hater' Thomas (Chilli) to an album entitled The Challenge... a 3-CD set that contains three solo albums. Each (album) ... will be due to the record label by October 1, 2000...I also challenge [producer] Dallas 'The Manipulator' Austin to produce all of the material and do it at a fraction of his normal rate. As I think about it, I'm sure LaFace would not mind throwing in a $1.5 million dollar prize for the winner."

The ladies eventually settled the feud, and The Challenge was never followed through. Left-Eye did, however, begin recording her solo album, Supernova.

Personal Time

After the conclusion of the successful FanMail tour, the ladies took some time off and pursued personal interests.

T-Boz married rapper Mack 10 in August 2000, and the couple had a daughter, Chase, that same year. They would remain together until 2004, when T-Boz, stating that Mack-10 frequently terrorized her, filed for separation. In 2000, she released a book entitled Thoughts.., which featured essays and anecdotes from her personal and professional life, and her poetry, including the two poems that were the basis for "Unpretty" and "Dear Lie." She also appeared on the soundtrack for the animated film Rugrats In Paris.

Left-Eye did not attend T-Boz's wedding; when she also did not turn up for a scheduled press conference and a family gathering, T-Boz and Chili announced to the press that Left-Eye was missing, in hopes of finding her. For an entire week, no one was able to find or contact her. Her bandmates, family, and label worried until Left-Eye showed up on the August 14, 2000 broadcast of Inside Edition, stating that she and her new boyfriend Sean Newman had gone looking for wedding rings. Left-Eye and Newman eventually called off their wedding, and Left-Eye began dating Andre Rison once again. On June 14, 2001, Rison announced that he and Left-Eye were engaged, but the wedding plans were eventually cancelled.

Chili and Dallas Austin separated in 2000, and Chili began a relationship with fellow LaFace recording artist Usher Raymond. The couple's high-profile romance ended in 2003; the breakup was the main subject mater of Usher's Confessions, which became his most successful album.

Left-Eye's Solo Career

In 2000, LaFace released Supernova, but only for international markets. A video was shot for the single "The Block Party" by Hype Williams, but the video, the single, and the album were never released in America, and overseas marketing of the album was only moderate. Perturbed by her label's lack of support, Left-Eye made the album available for listening via streaming audio on her website. In January 2002, she signed a solo deal with notorious label mogul Suge Knight, to record solo albums for his Tha Row Records under the name "N.I.N.A." ("New Identity Non-Applicable," and also slang for a handgun). She was to be marketed with a darker, more dangerous image than that of pop-friendly TLC, but no material was ever released by Tha Row during Left-Eye's lifetime.

Since about 2001, Left-Eye had spent most of her time-off in self-discovery, including frequent trips to Honduras for spiritual cleansing. Dallas Austin got TLC back into the studio in early 2002 to begin recording their fourth album, and Left-Eye took her cleansing trips on her free days. On April 25, she and six others were riding through La Cieba in an SUV when Left-Eye suddenly swerved to avoid hitting an oncoming car. The SUV went into a spin and flipped over, rolling into a ditch. Left-Eye was the only passenger not to survive the crash; it was believed that she was not wearing her seat belt. Her funeral was held on May 3, 2002, with thousands of fans and admirers in attendance.

3D (2002)

It was decided by TLC and Dallas Austin that they would complete the remainder of their fourth album, to be called 3D, which also featured production from Rodney Jerkins and Missy Elliott & Timbaland. The decision was also made that TLC would be retired after the release and promotion of 3D; Left-Eye would not be replaced. Left-Eye had already completed her vocals for six songs; the remainder were performed by T-Boz and Chilli alone, who gave reverence to Left-Eye on a number of the tracks. The first single for 3D was "Girl Talk," the video for which featured T-Boz and Chili alone in live-action segments and Left-Eye in animated segments. Its follow-up, "Hands Up," featured only T-Boz and Chili in its video. 3D was only a lukewarm success; the album only sold one million copies and "Girl Talk" (US #28) was the only single to reach the US Top 40; "Hands Up" never charted and a third single, "Damaged," made it to #53.

TLC went on tour in support of 3D with just T-Boz and Chili. In June 2003, at Zootopia, an annual concert hosted by New York radio station Z100 held at Giants Stadium, TLC appeared in what was announced to be their last performance. The group, introduced by Britney Spears and Carson Daly, showed a video montage dedicated to Lopes, and went on to perform songs against video footage of Lopes performing the same songs, and wearing the same outfits, that were appearing onstage.

In 2003, LaFace released Now and Forever: The Hits, a TLC greatest hits album with a new song, "Come Get Some," featuring Lil Jon and Sean Paul of the Youngbloodz.

On June 25, 2004, T-Boz and Chili announced that they were pitching a reality television show to Fox Television, where contestants would compete for a chance to record a single and perform in concert with the two of them. Fox passed on the show, which was eventually picked up for development by UPN.

TLC was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame on September 28, 2002.

Members

  • Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins (1991–2003)
  • Lisa "Left-Eye" Lopes (1991–2002)
  • Rozonda "Chili" Thomas (1991–2003)
  • Cheryl Jones (1991)

Discography

Albums

  • 1992: Ooooooohhh.... On the TLC Tip
  • 1994: CrazySexyCool
  • 1999: FanMail
  • 2002: 3D
  • 2003: Now and Forever: The Hits

Singles and music videos

  • 1991: "Ain't 2 Proud 2 Beg" (US #6) (a 1992 remix features the first appearance of OutKast)
  • 1992: "Baby-Baby-Baby" (US #2)
  • 1992: "Sleigh Ride"
  • 1992: "What About Your Friends" (US #7)
  • 1993: "Get It Up" (US #42)
  • 1993: "Hat 2 Da Back" (US #30)
  • 1994: "Creep" (US #1)
  • 1994: "Red Light Special" (US #2)
  • 1995: "Diggin' On You" (US #5)
  • 1995: "Waterfalls" (US #1)
  • 1998: "Silly Ho" (US #59)
  • 1999: "No Scrubs" (US #1)
  • 1999: "I'm Good At Being Bad"
  • 1999: "Unpretty" (US #1) (a remix sampling of Dennis Edwards' "Don't Look Any Further" was issued to urban markets instead of the original version)
  • 2000: "Dear Lie" (US #51)
  • 2000: "What It Ain't (Ghetto Enuff)" (Goodie Mob featuring TLC)
  • 2002: "Girl Talk" (US #28)
  • 2002: "Hands Up"
  • 2003: "Damaged" (US #53)
  • 2004: "Come Get Some" (featuring Lil Jon and Sean Paul of the Youngbloodz)

All singles had a music video shot for them except for the following: "Silly Ho", "I'm Good At Being Bad", "Damaged", and "Come Get Some". The videos for "Diggin' On You" and "No Scrubs" use remixed or alternate versions of the actual single: "Digin' On You" is presented in "L.A.'s Live Mix", and "No Scrubs" is presented in an alternate version featuring a rap from Left-Eye. "Ain't 2 Proud 2 Beg" had a video shot for both the original version and the remix.

References

  • "Does Going 'Broke' Mean Artist Really Doesn't Have Any Money?" (http://mbhs.bergtraum.k12.ny.us/cybereng/nyt/rapper01.htm) by Anita Samuels and Diana Henriques, February 5, 1996.
  • Our Georgia History: TLC (http://www.ourgeorgiahistory.com/chronpop/1327)
  • Our Georgia History: Lisa "Left-Eye" Lopes (http://www.ourgeorgiahistory.com/chronpop/501)

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"Ain't 2 Proud 2 Beg" had a video shot for both the original version and the remix. It proved to be the definitive end to the band's checkered career when Sterling Morrison died of cancer in 1995. The videos for "Diggin' On You" and "No Scrubs" use remixed or alternate versions of the actual single: "Digin' On You" is presented in "L.A.'s Live Mix", and "No Scrubs" is presented in an alternate version featuring a rap from Left-Eye. or record — an MTV Unplugged album was proposed — Cale and Reed fell out again, breaking up the band once more. All singles had a music video shot for them except for the following: "Silly Ho", "I'm Good At Being Bad", "Damaged", and "Come Get Some". Before the band could tour the U.S. TLC was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame on September 28, 2002. Cale sang the songs Nico had performed with the group.

Fox passed on the show, which was eventually picked up for development by UPN. There was a brief reunion of the original lineup in 1993, resulting in a European tour — opening a few concerts for U2 — and a live album, Live MCMXCIII. On June 25, 2004, T-Boz and Chili announced that they were pitching a reality television show to Fox Television, where contestants would compete for a chance to record a single and perform in concert with the two of them. broke up, Songs for Drella was the first time the pair had worked together in decades, and rumors of a reunion began to circulate. In 2003, LaFace released Now and Forever: The Hits, a TLC greatest hits album with a new song, "Come Get Some," featuring Lil Jon and Sean Paul of the Youngbloodz. Though Morrison and Tucker had each worked with Reed or Cale since the V.U. The group, introduced by Britney Spears and Carson Daly, showed a video montage dedicated to Lopes, and went on to perform songs against video footage of Lopes performing the same songs, and wearing the same outfits, that were appearing onstage. In 1990, Reed and Cale released Songs for Drella, dedicated to the recently deceased Warhol.

In June 2003, at Zootopia, an annual concert hosted by New York radio station Z100 held at Giants Stadium, TLC appeared in what was announced to be their last performance. In 1988, Nico died of a brain hemorrhage on the island of Ibiza. TLC went on tour in support of 3D with just T-Boz and Chili. Maureen Tucker raised a family before returning to small-scale gigging and recording in the 1980s. Its follow-up, "Hands Up," featured only T-Boz and Chili in its video. 3D was only a lukewarm success; the album only sold one million copies and "Girl Talk" (US #28) was the only single to reach the US Top 40; "Hands Up" never charted and a third single, "Damaged," made it to #53. Lou Reed and John Cale, in the meantime, enjoyed long and winded solo careers. The first single for 3D was "Girl Talk," the video for which featured T-Boz and Chili alone in live-action segments and Left-Eye in animated segments. Some have regarded Squeeze as a travesty, but others have argued the album — while certainly not up to the standards established on the previous Velvet Underground albums — is a respectable, if not especially noteworthy effort.

Left-Eye had already completed her vocals for six songs; the remainder were performed by T-Boz and Chilli alone, who gave reverence to Left-Eye on a number of the tracks. Sesnick managed to secure a recording contract with Polydor and so Yule recorded Squeeze under the Velvet Underground name with Deep Purple drummer Ian Paice and some unknown session players. The decision was also made that TLC would be retired after the release and promotion of 3D; Left-Eye would not be replaced. When Atlantic decided to release a live recording from 1970, Live at Max's Kansas City instead of letting the current band record a new album, its members drifted apart, leaving Yule and manager Steven Sesnick alone with the brand name. It was decided by TLC and Dallas Austin that they would complete the remainder of their fourth album, to be called 3D, which also featured production from Rodney Jerkins and Missy Elliott & Timbaland. The band played shows in England, Wales, and the Netherlands, some of which end up on the 2001 box set Final V.U.. Her funeral was held on May 3, 2002, with thousands of fans and admirers in attendance. His replacement was singer/keyboard player Willie Alexander.

Left-Eye was the only passenger not to survive the crash; it was believed that she was not wearing her seat belt. in English, and left the group for an academic career with the University of Texas at Austin. The SUV went into a spin and flipped over, rolling into a ditch. before doing a tour of Europe. By that time, however, Sterling Morrison has finally obtained his B.A. On April 25, she and six others were riding through La Cieba in an SUV when Left-Eye suddenly swerved to avoid hitting an oncoming car. radio favourites, and the band, now featuring Walter Powers III on bass with Doug Yule promoted to lead vocals and guitar, went on the road once more, playing the East Coast of the U.S. Dallas Austin got TLC back into the studio in early 2002 to begin recording their fourth album, and Left-Eye took her cleansing trips on her free days. Although Loaded's spin-off single "Who Loves the Sun" did nothing, the album itself is something of a muted triumph. "Sweet Jane" and "Rock and Roll" became U.S.

Since about 2001, Left-Eye had spent most of her time-off in self-discovery, including frequent trips to Honduras for spiritual cleansing. Disillusioned with the lack of progress the band was making and feeling pressured by manager Sesnick, Reed decided to quit the band and did so in August 1970, just prior to the release of Loaded. She was to be marketed with a darker, more dangerous image than that of pop-friendly TLC, but no material was ever released by Tha Row during Left-Eye's lifetime. Drums were actually played by several people, including Yule, engineer Adrian Barber, sessioneer Tommy Castanaro, and Doug Yule's brother Billy. In January 2002, she signed a solo deal with notorious label mogul Suge Knight, to record solo albums for his Tha Row Records under the name "N.I.N.A." ("New Identity Non-Applicable," and also slang for a handgun). Though Tucker had retired from the group due to her pregnancy, she received a performance credit on Loaded. Perturbed by her label's lack of support, Left-Eye made the album available for listening via streaming audio on her website. He was particularly bitter about the truncation of "Sweet Jane".

A video was shot for the single "The Block Party" by Hype Williams, but the video, the single, and the album were never released in America, and overseas marketing of the album was only moderate. The album was remixed without Reed's approval. In 2000, LaFace released Supernova, but only for international markets. had performed. The couple's high-profile romance ended in 2003; the breakup was the main subject mater of Usher's Confessions, which became his most successful album. Atlantic Records signed the Velvet Underground for what would be their final studio album, Loaded. The album's title refers to Atlantic's request that the band produce an album "loaded with hits." The album contained "Sweet Jane", one of Reed's best known songs and the most accessible pop songs the V.U. Chili and Dallas Austin separated in 2000, and Chili began a relationship with fellow LaFace recording artist Usher Raymond. were on his list, along with Frank Zappa's Mothers of Invention.

On June 14, 2001, Rison announced that he and Left-Eye were engaged, but the wedding plans were eventually cancelled. In 1969, MGM Records president Mike Curb wanted to purge any drug- or hippie-related bands from MGM, and the V.U. Left-Eye and Newman eventually called off their wedding, and Left-Eye began dating Andre Rison once again. Indeed, most of Reed's early solo career's more successful hits were reworked old Velvet Underground tracks, released for the first time in their original version on VU, Another View, and later on Peel Slowly and See and The Quine Tapes. Her bandmates, family, and label worried until Left-Eye showed up on the August 14, 2000 broadcast of Inside Edition, stating that she and her new boyfriend Sean Newman had gone looking for wedding rings. After Reed's departure, he later reworked a number of these songs for his solo records ("Stephanie Says", "Ocean", "I Can't Stand It", "Lisa Says", "Coney Island Baby"). For an entire week, no one was able to find or contact her. The rest of the recordings, as well as some alternate takes, were bundled on Another View.

Left-Eye did not attend T-Boz's wedding; when she also did not turn up for a scheduled press conference and a family gathering, T-Boz and Chili announced to the press that Left-Eye was missing, in hopes of finding her. John Cale rejoined, briefly, for a few of these recording sessions. In 2000, she released a book entitled Thoughts.., which featured essays and anecdotes from her personal and professional life, and her poetry, including the two poems that were the basis for "Unpretty" and "Dear Lie." She also appeared on the soundtrack for the animated film Rugrats In Paris. This album had a transitional sound between the whisper-soft third album and the pop-rock anthems of their final record, Loaded. They would remain together until 2004, when T-Boz, stating that Mack-10 frequently terrorized her, filed for separation. The Velvet Underground recorded a lot of material that was never officially released due to disputes with their record label. What many consider the prime of these sessions were released many years later as VU. T-Boz married rapper Mack 10 in August 2000, and the couple had a daughter, Chase, that same year. The album's influence can be heard in many later indie rock and lo-fi recordings. The album also features Maureen Tucker's only featured vocal performances, "After Hours", a song that Reed said was so innocent and pure he couldn't possibly sing it himself.

After the conclusion of the successful FanMail tour, the ladies took some time off and pursued personal interests. Reed's songs and singing were generally quiet, and almost confessional in places. Left-Eye did, however, begin recording her solo album, Supernova. The Velvet Underground was recorded in late 1968, and released in March of 1969. The ladies eventually settled the feud, and The Challenge was never followed through. Morrison's ringing guitar parts and Yule's melodic bass guitar and harmony vocals are featured prominently. In its November 28, 1999 issue, Entertainment Weekly ran a letter from Left-Eye that challenged her groupmates to record solo albums and let the fans judge which of the three was the most talented:. This resulted in a gentler, more folk music-influenced sound for their third record which showcased the songwriting styles that would inform Reed's later solo career.

Her contributions to the songs had been reduced to periodic eight-bar raps, and studio session singers often took her place on the background vocals for the groups' songs. Before the release of their third album Reed fired the classically trained Cale, replacing him with Doug Yule. During and after the release of FanMail, Left-Eye made it known to the press on multiple occasions that she felt that she was unable to fully express herself working with TLC and Dallas Austin. A play on the title "White Light/White heat" was used for the punk rock band Social Distortion's Album "White light/White heat/White trash". Like CrazySexyCool before it, FanMail won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album of 1999. Tensions were growing: the group was tired of receiving little recognition for their hard work, and Reed and Cale were pulling the Velvet Underground in different directions. The videos for both songs were heavily fetured on MTV and BET, and three more singles received decent radio play without the support of a music video: "Silly Ho," "I'm Good At Being Bad," and "Dear Lie" (a video was shot for "Dear Lie," but it only played overseas). White Light/White Heat entered the Billboard top 200 chart for exactly one week, at number 199.

FanMail was another success for TLC, selling 6 million copies and featuring the US #1 hits "No Scrubs," the first to feature Chili alone on lead vocals, and "Unpretty," an alternative rock-styled song about self-love written by Austin and T-Boz. The second album cover was a subtle black on black picture of the tattoo of one of Warhol's "Factory" members. TLC eventually began working with other producers for the FanMail album, until finally negotiating with Austin, who produced the bulk of FanMail and gave the album a futuristic, more pop-based feel. The meditative "Here She Comes Now" was later covered by Galaxie 500 and Nirvana. Left-Eye started her own Left-Eye Productions artist development company and signed Blaque, a TLC-like female R&B/hip-hop trio. Despite the dominance of noisefests like "Sister Ray", the title track (later covered by David Bowie, and also by Joy Division), and "I Heard Her Call My Name", there was room for the darkly comic "The Gift", a Reed-penned short story narrated in Cale's deadpan Welsh accent. During this period, Chili appeared in the independent film HavPlenty and T-Boz recorded the solo single "Touch Myself" for the Fled soundtrack and co-starred in Hype Williams' 1998 film Belly with rappers Nas and DMX. The eerie, hallucinatory "Lady Godiva's Operation" remains Reed's favorite track on the album.

Austin wanted $4 million and creative control to work on the project, resulting in a stand-off between the producer and the artists. The title track and first song starts things off with Cale pounding on piano like a demented Jerry Lee Lewis. Preliminary work on TLC's third album, FanMail, was delayed when friction arose between the group and their main producer Dallas Austin, who was by this time dating Chili and helping to raise their young son Tron. Cale has stated that while the debut had some moments of fragility and beauty, White Light/White Heat was "consciously anti-beauty". Reid by this time) was rescinded, and the group was set to re-enter the recording studio in 1997. The recording was raw and oversaturated, one of the harshest, loudest records yet released. TLC's contract was renegotiated, their production deal with Pebbitone and Pebbles (who had separated from husband L.A. It was released January, 1968.

Both Pebbitone and LaFace countered that TLC simply wanted more money and were in no real financial danger, resulting in two years of legal hassles before the cases were finally settled in late 1996. In September, 1967, the VU recorded what would become their second album, White Light/White Heat. They sought to renegotiate their contract wth LaFace--under their 1991 contract, they only received seven percent of the revenues from their album sales-- and to dissolve their association with Pebbitone. Reed fired Warhol as manager, and Nico was jettisoned, partly due to her unreliability. They declared debts totaling 3.5 million dollars, much of it because of Lopes' insurance payments citing from the Rison arson incident and Watkins' medical bills, but the primary reason being that the three women were each taking home less than $35,000 a year after paying managers, producers, expenses, and taxes. Cale reports that at about this time, The Velvet Underground were one of the first groups to receive an endorsement from Vox Guitars. However, many were shocked when, in the midst of their apparent success, the members of TLC filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on July 3, 1995. The Velvet Underground performed live often, and their performances became louder, harsher and often featured extended improvisations.

CrazySexyCool eventually sold over 11 million copies, becoming one of only seven R&B albums to ever receive a diamond certification from the RIAA, and won the 1996 Grammy Award for Best R&B Album. MGM Records pulled all copies of the album until the legal problems were settled. The album instead focused more on T-Boz's and Chili's contributions and a smoother, more fluid sound, similar to the most successful single from the first album, the US #2 hit "Baby-Baby-Baby." All four singles from Crazysexycool reached the Billboard Top 5, including "Red Light Special," "Diggin' On You," and the #1 hits "Creep" and "Waterfalls." "Waterfalls," an Organized-Noise produced record that featured an old-school soul-based musical arrangement, socially conscious lyrics criticizing drug dealing and unsafe sex, and an introspective rap from Left-Eye, became TLC's biggest hit ever, and its million-dollar music video—at that time the most expensive ever—was an MTV staple for many months. The film's cinematographer had been arrested for drug possession, and, desperate for money, claimed the still had been included on the album without his permission. Left-Eye was released from rehab to attend the recording sessions, but the finished album featured significantly less of her vocals. The Velvet Underground and Nico peaked at number 171 on Billboard Magazine's top 200 charts, but the promising debut was muted somewhat by legal complications: The album's back cover featured a still from a Warhol motion picture, Chelsea Girls. TLC re-entered the studio with Dallas Austin, Dupri, Babyface, Organized Noise, and Sean "Puffy" Combs to record their second album, CrazySexyCool, during the fall of 1994. Tucker's drum kit was rather abreviated: She usually played on tom toms and an upturned bass drum, using mallets rather than drumsticks, and she rarely used cymbals.

Rison eventually reconciled with Left-Eye, and they continued dating on-and-off for most of the next few years. The overall sound was propelled by Reed's strong deadpan vocals, Cale's droning or shrieking viola, Morrison's often R&B or country-influenced guitar, and Tucker's hypnotically simple but steady, propulssive beat. Left-Eye was eventually arrested for and indicted on charges of first-degree arson; she was sentenced to five years of probation and required to enter alcoholism rehabilitation. Eleven songs showcased their stylistic range, veering from the pounding attacks of "I'm Waiting For The Man" and "Run Run Run," the droning "Venus In Furs" and "Heroin" to the quiet "Femme Fatale" and the tender "I'll Be Your Mirror". Although firefighters were called to the scene, the house could not be saved, because of the toxic fumes from the gasoline. Those who did remove the banana skin found a pink, phallic, peeled banana beneath. The Plexiglas bathtub quickly melted and set the structural frame of the house on fire. The album cover was famous for its simple, suggestive Warhol design: a bright yellow banana with "Peel Slowly and See" printed near a perforated tab.

After another fight between Left-Eye and Rison in the early morning hours of June 9, 1994, Left-Eye, tipsy from alcohol, tossed numerous pairs of Rison's newly purchased sneakers into a bathtub, doused them with gasoline, and lit them on fire. The album was recorded in one or two days — there is some disagreement in the band members' memories — and released by MGM Records in March of 1967. Left-Eye was also battling alcoholism, having been a heavy drinker since her early teen years. on their debut album, The Velvet Underground and Nico. Their relationship was allegedly filled with violent moments, and Left-Eye filed an assault charge against Rison on September 2, 1993, although Rison later denied battering her. Nico joined the V.U. On the TLC Tip, and the two were by 1994 living together in Rison's upscale double-story home. Some of these performances have been released as a bootleg; they remain the only record of MacLise with the Velvet Underground.

Left-Eye had started dating Atlanta Falcons American football player Andre Rison shortly after the release of Ooooooohhh... Also at these appearances, the band often played an extended jam they had dubbed "The Booker T", after the leader of the musical group Booker T & the MG's; the jam later became the music for "The Gift" on White Light/White Heat. In 1993, TLC played the musical group "Sex as a Weapon" in the New Line Cinema film House Party 3, starring Kid 'n Play. For these appearances, Cale sang and played organ and Tucker switched to bass guitar. Pebbles released the group from its management deal, but they remained signed to Pebbitone, and Pebbles continued to receive a share of their earnings. In 1966, MacLise temporarily rejoined the Velvet Underground for a few weeks when Reed was suffering from hepatitis and unable to perform at a number of scheduled concerts. At the conclusion of the tour, TLC decided to take more control of their careers and thus informed Pebbles that they no longer wished her to be their manager. Producers of the day were frequently very restrictive in the studio, leaving little room for experimentation with new techniques, and Warhol gave the Velvets uprecedented free reign over the sound they produced.

T-Boz would continue to battle her condition, and eventually became a spokesperson for the Sickle Cell Disease Association of America in the late 1990s. Though Reed eventually fired Warhol, he has praised Warhol's integrity and early efforts with the group. During TLC's first national tour as Hammer's opening act, the other bandmembers discovered that T-Boz had sickle-cell anemia, an aliment which she kept a closely-guarded secret until she became ill while TLC was touring the southwestern United States. Andy Warhol became the band's manager after seeing them play in 1965, and it was at his suggestion that they featured German chanteuse Nico singing several songs. Warhol's reputation certainly helped the band gain a higher profile. The musical formula was augmented by the girls' brightly-colored videos and curious costuming: each girl wore unwrapped condoms on their clothing (Left-Eye also wore one in a pair of glasses over her left eye), apparently advocating contraception. Also setting them apart from their contemporaries was their use of feedback and amplifier noise in a musical context, exemplified by the seventeen minute track "Sister Ray" from their second album. TLC's lyrics, chiefly written by Left-Eye and Dallas Austin, were playful, female-empowering anthems characterized by Left-Eye's quirky, nasal-toned raps, T-Boz's low-voiced lead vocals, and Chili's powerful vocals and harmonization. While the American west coast was undergoing the Summer of Love, psychedelia and flower power, the typically east coast Velvets concerned themselves with darker subject matter: transvestites, heroin addiction, and sadomasochism.

The songs on the album were a blend between hip-hop and R&B, similar to the "new jack swing" sound popularized by producer Teddy Riley in the late-1980s; TLC's sound was dubbed "new jill swing." The album was a success, going double-platinum in a year's time and launching a number of US Billboard Top Ten singles: "Ain't 2 Proud 2 Beg," "Hat 2 Da Back," "What About your Friends," and "Baby-Baby-Baby.". The group earned a regular paying gig at a club, and gained an early reputation. On the TLC Tip, was released in February 1992 by LaFace. Her driving rhythms became an essential part of the group's music. The first TLC album, Ooooooohhh... MacLise was replaced by Maureen "Mo" Tucker, an acquaintance of Morrison's. Therefore, when Thomas joined, the girls were given nicknames: Watkins became "T-Boz", Lopes "Left-Eye," and Thomas "Chili.". "Angus was in it for art", Morrison reported.

Besides being an acronym for "tender loving care", the name "TLC" was based upon the first names of the original members of the group: Tionne, Lisa, and Crystal. When the group accepted an offer of $75 for their first paying performance at a high school, MacLise left the group, protesting what he considered commercialization. Reid & Babyface, Dallas Austin, Jermaine Dupri, and Marley Marl to produce their first album. Nothing ever came of the demo, and it was released on the 1995 box set Peel Slowly And See. The girls were signed to LaFace through a production deal with Pebbitone (with Pebbles taking the role of the group's manager), and almost immediately went into the studio with producers L.A. When he briefly returned to England, Cale gave a copy of the tape to Marianne Faithful, hoping she'd pass it on to Mick Jagger. Reid was impressed with Watkins and Lopes, but felt that Jones should be replaced; within a few months, former Damian Dame backup dancer Rosanda Thomas was brought in to replace Jones. In July of 1965, Reed, Cale and Morrison recorded a demo tape.

L.A. Their music was generally much more relaxed than it would later become: Cale described this era as reminiscent of beatnik poetry, with MacLise playing gentle "pitter and patter rhythms behind the drone". Impressed by the girls, Pebbles renamed the group "TLC" and arranged an audition for the group with local record label LaFace Records, run by Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds and Pebbles' husband, Antonio "L.A." Reid. The newly named Velvet Underground rehearsed and performed in New York City. 2nd Nature eventually managed to arrange an audition with R&B singer Peri Reid, professionally known as "Pebbles," who had started her own management and production company, Pebbitone. Morrison has reported the group liked the name, considering it evocative of "underground cinema," and fitting, due to Reed's already having written "Venus In Furs", inspired by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch's book of the same name, also dealing with sadomasochism. Her request was eventually answered by Tionne Watkins, a native of Des Moines, Iowa who moved to Atlanta with her family at an early age, and Lisa Lopes, a rapper and singer who had just moved to the city from her native Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with only a keyboard and $750. The Velvet Underground was a book about sadomasochism by Michael Leigh the group found left in the street.

In 1991, Atlanta teenager Crystal Jones put out a call for two more girls to join her in a hip-hop/R&B group to be called "2nd Nature". This quartet was first called The Warlocks, then The Falling Spikes. However, the group was just as noted for its controversy as it was for its success. Reed and Cale recruited Sterling Morrison — who'd already played with Reed a few times — to play guitar, and Angus MacLise joined on percussion. Over a decade of activity and four studio albums, TLC currently holds the title of being the best-selling R&B girl-group of all time, selling 22 million albums, scoring four #1 hits, and crossing over successfully to pop audiences. (Reed's first group with Cale was the short-lived The Primatives, assembled to support a Reed-penned single, "The Ostrich".) [1] (http://www.theonionavclub.com/feature/index.php?issue=4036). Before signing to LaFace Records through a production deal with R&B singer Peri "Pebbles" Reid, the group's name was changed to "TLC," and Crystal Jones was replaced by Rozonda "Chili" Thomas. The pair rehearsed and performed together, and their partnership and shared interests steered the early direction of what would become the Velvet Underground.

Originally called 2nd Nature, the group was founded in Atlanta, Georgia by Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins, Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes, and Crystal Jones. (Young's use of extended drones would be a profound influence on the early Velvet's sound). TLC was a hugely successful R&B and hip-hop group that was active from 1991 until 2003. Cale had worked with John Cage and LaMonte Young, but was also interested in rock music. Our Georgia History: Lisa "Left-Eye" Lopes (http://www.ourgeorgiahistory.com/chronpop/501). Reed met John Cale, a Welshman who had moved to the United States to study classical music. Our Georgia History: TLC (http://www.ourgeorgiahistory.com/chronpop/1327). Lou Reed had performed with a few short-lived garage bands and had worked as a songwriter for Pickwick Records, a job Reed described as "a poor man's Carole King".

"Does Going 'Broke' Mean Artist Really Doesn't Have Any Money?" (http://mbhs.bergtraum.k12.ny.us/cybereng/nyt/rapper01.htm) by Anita Samuels and Diana Henriques, February 5, 1996. The Velvet Underground formed in late 1964. 2004: "Come Get Some" (featuring Lil Jon and Sean Paul of the Youngbloodz). Bands heavily influenced by the Velvets include the Modern Lovers, Big Star, and Galaxie 500. 2003: "Damaged" (US #53). Credited with establishing a genre known as 'anti-pop', the group's often raw sound would influence many later punk, noise rock, and alternative music performers, and singer Lou Reed's lyrics brought new levels of poetic sophistication and social realism to rock. 2002: "Hands Up". The Velvet Underground were one of the first rock music groups to experiment with the form, and to incorporate avant-garde influences.

2002: "Girl Talk" (US #28). This is certainly an overstatement, but it does demonstrate their massive influence and cult following that has outlasted the group's five-year existence. 2000: "What It Ain't (Ghetto Enuff)" (Goodie Mob featuring TLC). Although never commercially successful, The Velvet Underground remain one of the most influential bands of their time: a famous remark, often attributed to Brian Eno, is that while only a few thousand people bought a Velvet Underground record, almost every single one of them was inspired to start a band. 2000: "Dear Lie" (US #51). for short) was an American rock and roll band of the late 1960s. 1999: "Unpretty" (US #1) (a remix sampling of Dennis Edwards' "Don't Look Any Further" was issued to urban markets instead of the original version). The Velvet Underground (Affectionately known as The Velvets, or V.U.

1999: "I'm Good At Being Bad". Untitled essay by David Fricke from Peel Slowly and See. 1999: "No Scrubs" (US #1). The Very Best of the Velvet Underground (recorded 1966-1970, released 2003). 1998: "Silly Ho" (US #59). 1: The Quine Tapes (live, recorded 1969, released 2001). 1995: "Waterfalls" (US #1). Bootleg Series, Vol.

1995: "Diggin' On You" (US #5). Final V.U. 1971-1973 (live box set, recorded 1971-1973, released 2001). 1994: "Red Light Special" (US #2). Peel Slowly and See (box set, recorded 1965-1970, released 1995). 1994: "Creep" (US #1). Another View (recorded 1967-1969, released 1986). 1993: "Hat 2 Da Back" (US #30). VU (recorded 1968-1969, released 1985).

1993: "Get It Up" (US #42). Live 1969 (recorded 1969, released 1974). 1992: "What About Your Friends" (US #7). Live MCMXCIII (recorded and released 1993). 1992: "Sleigh Ride". Squeeze (recorded 1972, released 1973). 1992: "Baby-Baby-Baby" (US #2). Live at Max's Kansas City (recorded 1970, released 1972; "Deluxe" 2CD edition 2004).

1991: "Ain't 2 Proud 2 Beg" (US #6) (a 1992 remix features the first appearance of OutKast). Loaded (recorded and released 1970; "Fully Loaded" 2CD edition 1997). 2003: Now and Forever: The Hits. The Velvet Underground (recorded 1968, released 1969). 2002: 3D. White Light/White Heat (recorded 1967, released 1968). 1999: FanMail. The Velvet Underground and Nico (recorded 1966, released 1967; "Deluxe" 2CD edition 2002).

1994: CrazySexyCool. "Venus in Furs" / "I'm Waiting for the Man" (live, recorded 1993, released 1994). On the TLC Tip. "Foggy Notion" / "I Can't Stand It" (promo, recorded 1969, released 1985). 1992: Ooooooohhh... "Who Loves the Sun" / "Oh! Sweet Nuthin'" (recorded 1970, released 1971). Cheryl Jones (1991). "What Goes On" / "Jesus" (promo, recorded 1968, released 1969).

Rozonda "Chili" Thomas (1991–2003). "White Light/White Heat" / "Here She Comes Now" (recorded 1967, released 1968). Lisa "Left-Eye" Lopes (1991–2002). "Sunday Morning" / "Femme Fatale" (recorded and released 1966). Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins (1991–2003). "All Tomorrow's Parties" / "I'll Be Your Mirror" (recorded and released 1966). Nico (vocals 1967).

Willie Alexander (keyboards, vocals 1971-1972). Walter Powers (bass guitar, backing vocals 1970-1972). Angus Maclise (percussion 1965). Doug Yule (bass guitar, keyboards, guitar, drums, vocals 1968-1973, after departure of John Cale).

Maureen "Mo" Tucker (percussion, vocals 1965-1972). Sterling Morrison (guitar, bass guitar, backing vocals 1965-1971). John Cale (bass guitar, electric viola, organ, vocals 1965-1968). Lou Reed (guitar, vocals, piano, harmonica 1965-1970).