Super Bowl

The Super Bowl is the championship game of the National Football League, the pinnacle of American football. The game is almost like a national holiday in the United States. It is held annually on the last Sunday in January or the first Sunday in February, and is one of the most watched television broadcasts of the year.

The first Super Bowl was played in 1967, as commemorated by this stamp issued in 1999 by the United States Postal Service featuring the ticket for that first game.

History

Origins

An AFL-NFL Championship Game was first played after the 1966 football season on January 15, 1967, between the champions of the American Football League and the NFL. The game was a result of the merger agreement between the two leagues that took full effect for the 1970 season. The third such game, after the 1968 season, was called the "Super Bowl", and that name is now used to refer to the first two AFL-NFL Championship Games as well.

The name was inspired by Kansas City Chiefs owner Lamar Hunt's daughter playing with a small rubber ball with high bouncing powers called a super ball. After the 1970 season, the game reverted from an essentially interleague championship to the NFL championship, featuring the champions of the NFL's two conferences, the American Football Conference and the National Football Conference. The winning team receives the Vince Lombardi Trophy, named for the coach of the Green Bay Packers, who won the first two Super Bowl games. The trophy was named prior to Super Bowl V in his honor following his death in 1970.

Previous to the 1966 football season, American professional football's championship games were played for various league championships, and games were not played between league champions. The game was called the "All-America Football Conference Championship Game", the "AFL Championship Game" or the "NFL Championship Game", depending on the league playing it. (See: Professional American football championship games and National Football League championships).

Ratings and commercials

The Super Bowl tends to have high Nielsen television ratings which usually come in around a 40 rating and 60 share (i.e. on average, 40 percent of all U.S. households, and 60 percent of all homes tuned into television during the game). This means that on average, 80 to 90 million Americans are tuned into the Super Bowl at any given moment. Also it is estimated that 130-140 million tune into some part of the game. The most watched Super Bowl was 1998's Super Bowl XXXII between the Denver Broncos and Green Bay Packers which received a 44.5 rating and 67 share, attracting 90 million viewers. In terms of household percentage, the most watched was Super Bowl XVI in 1982 which was watched in 49.1% of households (73 share) or 40,020,000 households at the time.

Following Apple Computer's 1984 commercial introducing the Apple Macintosh computer, directed by Ridley Scott, the broadcast of the Super Bowl became the premier showcase for high concept or simply extravagantly expensive commercials. Famous commercial campaigns include the Budweiser "Bud Bowl" campaign, and the 1999 and 2000 dot-com ads. Prices have increased each year, reaching $2.4 million (US) for a 30 second spot during Super Bowl XXXIX in 2005.

Las Vegas is the only city that is not allowed to run commericals during the game. This ban includes the pre and post game shows.

Venue

The location of the Super Bowl is chosen well in advance, usually 3-5 years before the game. The chosen venues have either been located in the southern regions of the United States where the wintertime weather is expected to be mild, or in domed stadiums where weather is not an issue.

No NFL team has ever played the Super Bowl on its own home turf. However, Super Bowl XIV (which involved the then-Los Angeles Rams) was played in the Rose Bowl in nearby Pasadena; and Super Bowl XIX (which involved the San Francisco 49ers) was played at the nearby Stanford Stadium on the Stanford University campus in Palo Alto.

The designated "home team" alternates between the NFC team in odd-numbered years (the Philadelphia Eagles in 2005), and the AFC team in even-numbered years (the New England Patriots in 2004). The home team is given the choice of either wearing their colored jerseys or their white ones, this started with Super Bowl XIII. Prior to that, the home team always wore the dark jerseys. The Dallas Cowboys wore their rarely-used blue uniform tops in Super Bowl V, and lost to the then-Baltimore Colts, which has led to the belief that many people believe that the Cowboys do not play well in their blue shirts. While most home teams in the Super Bowl pick to wear their colored ones, only the Cowboys in XIII and XXVII and the Washington Redskins in XVII have worn white as the home team.

The television network showing the game changes from year to year. In the United States it is shared between three of the four major television networks - ABC, CBS, and FOX. Super Bowl XXXVIII was shown on CBS, Super Bowl XXXIX was shown on FOX, and Super Bowl XL will be shown on ABC.

With the new television contracts beginning in 2006, NBC, which last telecast Super Bowl XXXII in 1998, will take ABC's place in the network rotation starting with Super Bowl XLIII in 2009.

Trivia

  • In the months leading up to Super Bowl XXX (30) it was discovered that some proxy servers were blocking the web site for the event. The reason for this was that "XXX" is usually associated with pornography, and proxy servers thought those trying to visit that site were trying to access pornography.
  • Super Bowl XXXVI was originally scheduled to be played on January 27, 2002. But the game was moved back one week to February 3, 2002 because of the September 11, 2001 attacks. This was the first Super Bowl to be played in February. Most of the events two years afterward were scheduled in February. Also, because of the attacks, the Super Bowl was a National Special Security Event.
  • Super Bowl XXXIX was the first such game to be tied after three quarters of play.

Game history

AFL-NFL Championships

Final inter-league standings: NFL 2 wins, AFL 2 wins.

NFL Championships

(*) Note: New York City is scheduled to host Super Bowl XLIV in 2010 only if the proposed West Side Stadium, future home of the New York Jets, is built.

Super Bowl appearances

8 - Dallas Cowboys (won 5, lost 3)
6 - Denver Broncos (won 2, lost 4)
5 - San Francisco 49ers (won 5)
5 - Pittsburgh Steelers (won 4, lost 1)
5 - Oakland Raiders (won 3, lost 2; one win as Los Angeles Raiders)
5 - Washington Redskins (won 3, lost 2)
5 - New England Patriots (won 3, lost 2)
5 - Miami Dolphins (won 2, lost 3)
4 - Green Bay Packers (won 3, lost 1)
4 - Buffalo Bills (lost 4)
4 - Minnesota Vikings (lost 4)
3 - New York Giants (won 2, lost 1)
3 - St. Louis Rams (won 1, lost 2; one loss as Los Angeles Rams)
2 - Baltimore Colts (won 1, lost 1; franchise now Indianapolis Colts)
2 - Kansas City Chiefs (won 1, lost 1)
2 - Cincinnati Bengals (lost 2)
2 - Philadelphia Eagles (lost 2)
1 - Baltimore Ravens (won 1)
1 - Chicago Bears (won 1)
1 - New York Jets (won 1)
1 - Tampa Bay Buccaneers (won 1)
1 - Atlanta Falcons (lost 1)
1 - Carolina Panthers (lost 1)
1 - San Diego Chargers (lost 1)
1 - Tennessee Titans (lost 1)


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Louis Rams (won 1, lost 2; one loss as Los Angeles Rams)
2 - Baltimore Colts (won 1, lost 1; franchise now Indianapolis Colts)
2 - Kansas City Chiefs (won 1, lost 1)
2 - Cincinnati Bengals (lost 2)
2 - Philadelphia Eagles (lost 2)
1 - Baltimore Ravens (won 1)
1 - Chicago Bears (won 1)
1 - New York Jets (won 1)
1 - Tampa Bay Buccaneers (won 1)
1 - Atlanta Falcons (lost 1)
1 - Carolina Panthers (lost 1)
1 - San Diego Chargers (lost 1)
1 - Tennessee Titans (lost 1)
. FOX News Channel is also carried in more than 40 countries including Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Finland, Grenada, Germany, Guatemala, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, New Guinea, Panama, Philippines, Spain, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela, mostly through News Corporation-owned cable and satellite systems. 8 - Dallas Cowboys (won 5, lost 3)
6 - Denver Broncos (won 2, lost 4)
5 - San Francisco 49ers (won 5)
5 - Pittsburgh Steelers (won 4, lost 1)
5 - Oakland Raiders (won 3, lost 2; one win as Los Angeles Raiders)
5 - Washington Redskins (won 3, lost 2)
5 - New England Patriots (won 3, lost 2)
5 - Miami Dolphins (won 2, lost 3)
4 - Green Bay Packers (won 3, lost 1)
4 - Buffalo Bills (lost 4)
4 - Minnesota Vikings (lost 4)
3 - New York Giants (won 2, lost 1)
3 - St. It is a sister channel to BSkyB's Sky News. (*) Note: New York City is scheduled to host Super Bowl XLIV in 2010 only if the proposed West Side Stadium, future home of the New York Jets, is built.. FOX News is also carried in Britain and Ireland, with global weather forecasts instead of most advertisements, by the British Sky Broadcasting (BSkyB) satellite television network, of which James Murdoch is chief executive officer and in which News Corporation holds a 38 percent stake. With the new television contracts beginning in 2006, NBC, which last telecast Super Bowl XXXII in 1998, will take ABC's place in the network rotation starting with Super Bowl XLIII in 2009. The CRTC's previous refusal to grant Fox News a license had been contested by some Canadians, as well as American fans of the channel, who believed the decision to be politically motivated.

Super Bowl XXXVIII was shown on CBS, Super Bowl XXXIX was shown on FOX, and Super Bowl XL will be shown on ABC. On December 16, 2004, Rogers Communications became the first Canadian cable or satellite provider to broadcast FOX News, with other companies following suit within the next several days. In the United States it is shared between three of the four major television networks - ABC, CBS, and FOX. In its proposal, FOX News stated, with reference to FOX News Canada, that "Fox News does not intend to implement this service and therefore will not meet the extended deadline to commence operations" ([23] (http://www.crtc.gc.ca/archive/ENG/Notices/2004/pb2004-45.htm)). The television network showing the game changes from year to year. ...was just too big", adding it raised "significant issues" with respect to broadcast rights and competition with existing domestic services ([21] (http://www.friends.ca/News/Friends_News/archives/articles04160401.asp)) On November 18, 2004 the CRTC announced that a digital license would be granted to FOX News ([22] (http://www.crtc.gc.ca/archive/ENG/Notices/2004/pb2004-88.htm)). While most home teams in the Super Bowl pick to wear their colored ones, only the Cowboys in XIII and XXVII and the Washington Redskins in XVII have worn white as the home team. [20] (http://www.ccta.com/english/View.asp?t=&x=150&id=331) CCTA's acting president Michael Hennessy said that the previous "bulk approach..

The Dallas Cowboys wore their rarely-used blue uniform tops in Super Bowl V, and lost to the then-Baltimore Colts, which has led to the belief that many people believe that the Cowboys do not play well in their blue shirts. The CCTA applied on April 15, 2004 solely to add FOX News, along with the NFL Network. Prior to that, the home team always wore the dark jerseys. Accordingly, the Commission is not in a position to examine whether it would be appropriate to authorize for distribution any of the specific services noted in CCTA’s request" ([19] (http://www.crtc.gc.ca/archive/ENG/Letters/2003/lb031107.htm)). The home team is given the choice of either wearing their colored jerseys or their white ones, this started with Super Bowl XIII. In a lengthy response, the CRTC stated that "the Commission considers that CCTA has not raised sufficient question as to the validity of the existing policy, or sufficient argument or evidence as to the benefits of its proposed approach, to warrant a policy review at this time" and noted that "CCTA has not provided the information generally required for the Commission to consider requests to add services to the Lists. The designated "home team" alternates between the NFC team in odd-numbered years (the Philadelphia Eagles in 2005), and the AFC team in even-numbered years (the New England Patriots in 2004). Some Canadian channels additionally might hold exclusive rights.

However, Super Bowl XIV (which involved the then-Los Angeles Rams) was played in the Rose Bowl in nearby Pasadena; and Super Bowl XIX (which involved the San Francisco 49ers) was played at the nearby Stanford Stadium on the Stanford University campus in Palo Alto. In their application the CCTA duly noted that, absent a change in CRTC policy, some of the channels were likely to be ineligible for addition to the lists as some were partially or totally competitive with licensed Canadian programming. No NFL team has ever played the Super Bowl on its own home turf. On June 18, 2003, the Canadian Cable Telecommunications Association (CCTA), an organization representing approximately 90 cable companies in Canada, applied to add FOX News, ESPN, HBO, and other non-domestic programming to the CRTC's Lists of Eligible Satellite Services on a digital basis. The chosen venues have either been located in the southern regions of the United States where the wintertime weather is expected to be mild, or in domed stadiums where weather is not an issue. [18] (http://www.crtc.gc.ca/archive/ENG/Decisions/2000/DB2000-565.htm) The channel, or specialty television service, was never implemented by FOX, and the deadline for commencement of the service expired on November 24, 2004. The location of the Super Bowl is chosen well in advance, usually 3-5 years before the game. FOX News Canada was to be a domestic Canadian version of FOX News.

This ban includes the pre and post game shows. On December 14, 2000, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) approved FOX News Canada on behalf of the Global Television Network, for broadcast. Las Vegas is the only city that is not allowed to run commericals during the game. It is broadcasted by Sky Brazil (satellite) and NET (cable), both owned by Rupert Murdoch, the owner of News Corporation. Prices have increased each year, reaching $2.4 million (US) for a 30 second spot during Super Bowl XXXIX in 2005. Since 2002 Fox News Channel is also available for Brazilians, but the commercials are replaced with weather forecasts (except for their own ads). Famous commercial campaigns include the Budweiser "Bud Bowl" campaign, and the 1999 and 2000 dot-com ads. Fox News Channel is broadcast on the three major Pay-TV providers, Austar (Satellite, Austar Digital service only), Optus Television (Cable) and Foxtel (Cable and Satellite), being 25% owned by News Corporation.

Following Apple Computer's 1984 commercial introducing the Apple Macintosh computer, directed by Ridley Scott, the broadcast of the Super Bowl became the premier showcase for high concept or simply extravagantly expensive commercials. broadcasts. In terms of household percentage, the most watched was Super Bowl XVI in 1982 which was watched in 49.1% of households (73 share) or 40,020,000 households at the time. The channel is now available internationally, though its world programming is the same as its American programming, unlike CNN International, which airs regional programming that is largely independent of its U.S. The most watched Super Bowl was 1998's Super Bowl XXXII between the Denver Broncos and Green Bay Packers which received a 44.5 rating and 67 share, attracting 90 million viewers. In 2005, MSNBC began using a new slogan entitled "Fair and Accurate.". Also it is estimated that 130-140 million tune into some part of the game. [17] (http://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/06/25/faux_news_parody_site_draws/) As of April 2005, the "FAUX News" products are no longer listed on the Agitproperties website.

This means that on average, 80 to 90 million Americans are tuned into the Super Bowl at any given moment. Lawyers for FOX, charging an infringement of FOX's rights, demanded that the company cease selling all such merchandise, and threatened litigation if Agitproperties did not comply. households, and 60 percent of all homes tuned into television during the game). In 2002, a small website called Agitproperties.com (http://www.agitproperties.com) began selling T-shirts and other merchandise with a "FAUX News" logo parodying FOX's logo. The products included one that used "We Distort, You Comply" as a parody of FOX's slogan "We Report, You Decide". on average, 40 percent of all U.S. [16] (http://ttabvue.uspto.gov/ttabvue/v?pno=92042790&pty=CAN&eno=1) As of April 2005, the proceeding was still pending. The Super Bowl tends to have high Nielsen television ratings which usually come in around a 40 rating and 60 share (i.e. [15] (http://ttabvue.uspto.gov/ttabvue/v?qt=adv&pno=92042790&qs=&propno=&propnameop=&propname=&pop=&pn=&pop2=&pn2=&cop=&cn=) The petition argued that the phrase was so widely used by others as to have no particular association with FOX, and that FOX's use of the phrase was "notoriously misdescriptive of [FOX]'s presentation of news content".

(See: Professional American football championship games and National Football League championships). In December 2003, the Independent Media Institute, which publishes the Alternet online magazine, brought a petition before the United States Patent and Trademark Office seeking the cancellation of FOX's trademark in the phrase "Fair & Balanced". The game was called the "All-America Football Conference Championship Game", the "AFL Championship Game" or the "NFL Championship Game", depending on the league playing it. Franken then suggested that the judge's phrase "Wholly Without Merit" would make a more appropriate slogan for FOX. Previous to the 1966 football season, American professional football's championship games were played for various league championships, and games were not played between league champions. FOX then withdrew the suit. The trophy was named prior to Super Bowl V in his honor following his death in 1970. The United States District Court Judge hearing the case denied the motion, characterizing FOX's claim as "wholly without merit, both factually and legally".

The winning team receives the Vince Lombardi Trophy, named for the coach of the Green Bay Packers, who won the first two Super Bowl games. Before the book was released, FOX brought a lawsuit, alleging that the book's subtitle violated FOX's trademark in the promotional phrase "Fair and Balanced". On that basis, FOX moved for a preliminary injunction to block the publication of the book. After the 1970 season, the game reverted from an essentially interleague championship to the NFL championship, featuring the champions of the NFL's two conferences, the American Football Conference and the National Football Conference. The book criticized many right-wing individuals and institutions on grounds of inaccuracy; it included FOX News among the media outlets described as biased. The name was inspired by Kansas City Chiefs owner Lamar Hunt's daughter playing with a small rubber ball with high bouncing powers called a super ball. In 2003, Penguin Books published Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them: A Fair and Balanced Look at the Right, by the comedian and writer Al Franken. The third such game, after the 1968 season, was called the "Super Bowl", and that name is now used to refer to the first two AFL-NFL Championship Games as well. More recently, in a Wall Street Journal Europe op-ed published on May 20, 2005, London bureau chief Scott Norvell wrote: "Even we at Fox News manage to get some lefties on the air occasionally, and often let them finish their sentences before we club them to death and feed the scraps to Karl Rove and Bill O'Reilly." [13] (http://slate.msn.com/id/2119864/#ContinueArticle), [14] (http://www.newshounds.us/2005/05/31/fox_news_confesses_that_its_in_bed_with_karl_rove.php).

The game was a result of the merger agreement between the two leagues that took full effect for the 1970 season. Ailes' statements were contradictory, given FOX News has always stressed that affiliates are separate entities from FOX News Channel, and FOX News has no editorial oversight of any FOX affiliate. [12] (http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,125437,00.html). An AFL-NFL Championship Game was first played after the 1966 football season on January 15, 1967, between the champions of the American Football League and the NFL. The story on Bush's drunk driving record was actually broken by Portland, Maine Fox affiliate WPXT, which while a local affiliate, is not the FOX News Channel cable network. It is held annually on the last Sunday in January or the first Sunday in February, and is one of the most watched television broadcasts of the year. Bush's DUI four days before the election" as an example. The game is almost like a national holiday in the United States. Ailes claimed that FOX News has broken stories which turned out harmful to Republicans and the Republican Party, stating "Fox News is the network that broke George W.

The Super Bowl is the championship game of the National Football League, the pinnacle of American football. In June 2004, CEO Roger Ailes responded to some criticism with rebuttal in an online column for the Wall Street Journal ([11] (http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110005157)), claiming that FOX's critics intentionally confuse opinion shows such as The O'Reilly Factor with regular news coverage. Super Bowl XXXIX was the first such game to be tied after three quarters of play. Many of Fox News's anchors are considered to be right-wing conservative by the channel's critics. Also, because of the attacks, the Super Bowl was a National Special Security Event. Many media commentators and competitors have alleged that FOX News' reporting is characterized by right-wing editorials disguised as news and have jokingly referred to FOX News as the "Faux News Network", the "Republican News Network", or "Unfair and Unbalanced." Critics of FOX News point to the following as evidence of bias:. Most of the events two years afterward were scheduled in February. Although most critics do not claim that all FOX News reporting is slanted, most allege that bias at FOX News is systemic, and implemented to target an exclusively right-wing audience.

This was the first Super Bowl to be played in February. However, numerous critics claim that the network has a conservative bias and tailors its news to support the Republican Party. But the game was moved back one week to February 3, 2002 because of the September 11, 2001 attacks. Its self-promotion includes the phrases "Fair and Balanced" and "We Report, You Decide". Super Bowl XXXVI was originally scheduled to be played on January 27, 2002. FOX News asserts that it is more objective and factual than other American networks. The reason for this was that "XXX" is usually associated with pornography, and proxy servers thought those trying to visit that site were trying to access pornography. See also: Media bias, Propaganda model.

In the months leading up to Super Bowl XXX (30) it was discovered that some proxy servers were blocking the web site for the event. By April, Fox viewership had dropped for the sixth straight month, a total drop of over 58%, with no signs of stopping. During President Bush's address, FOX News notched 7.3 million viewers nationally, while NBC, CBS, and ABC scored ratings of 5.9, 5.0, and 5.1, respectively. In September, FOX News Channel made television history when ratings for its broadcast of the Republican National Convention beat those of all three broadcast networks. Coverage of the Democratic National Convention in Boston ranked higher in the ratings than its two closest cable competitors combined.

In 2004, the perceived gain in ratings began to become more apparent. By some reports, at the height of the conflict, they enjoyed as much as a 300% increase in viewership, averaging 3.3 million viewers daily ([1] (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3148015.stm)). The BBC reported that FOX News saw its profits double during the Iraq conflict, due in part to what the report called "patriotic" coverage of the war. This is primarily due to Fox's long duration "talk" programs which cause viewers to tune in for longer periods as compared to CNN's generally shorter news segments.

Measured by unique viewers, however, Fox is bested by CNN which, during the election season, earned 11% greater numbers of individual P2+ viewers. FOX News currently leads the cable news market, earning higher ratings than its chief competitors CNN and MSNBC combined by average viewership. More recently, Ailes was named Broadcaster of the Year by Broadcast and Cable Magazine in 2003. He ran the CNBC channel and America's Talking, the forerunner of MSNBC for NBC.

Ailes withdrew from consulting and returned to broadcasting in 1992. FOX News Sunday currently airs on many FOX affiliates and is similar in format to other Sunday morning political discussion programs. FOX News also produced several newsmagazine shows for its Fox affiliates including FOX Files and The Pulse, both cancelled after short runs due to poor ratings. 2005, all times Eastern):.

Most of the programs are broadcast from Fox News headquarters in New York City with its street-side studios on Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas.) The following is the usual weekday lineup (as of Jan. Fox News presents a wide variety of programming, with up to 15 hours of live programming per day. Nixon was chronicled in the book The Selling of the President: 1968 by Joe McGinniss. His work for former President Richard M.

After he began his career in broadcasting, Ailes started Ailes Communications, Inc and was successful as a political strategist for Presidents Nixon and Reagan and in producing campaign TV commercials for Republican political candidates. The CEO, Chairman, and President of FOX News is Roger Ailes. (The Nielsen Rating measures viewing duration. CNN actually has a greater number of individual viewers (CUME rating).). Launched on October 7, 1996 to 17 million cable subscribers, the nascent network quickly rose to prominence in the late 1990s as it started taking market share away from CNN; Fox claims the channel is now the "most watched cable news channel" in the United States according to Nielsen Ratings.

and to further viewers internationally, broadcasting primarily out of its New York City studios. As of January 2005, it is available to 85 million subscribers in the U.S. It is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group, a subsidiary of Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation. The FOX News Channel is a US cable and satellite news channel.

(see Ofcom complaint, response and ruling (http://www.ofcom.org.uk/tv/obb/prog_cb/pcb_11/upheld_cases)). Fox News admitted that Gilligan had not actually said the words that John Gibson appeared to attribute to him; OfCom rejected the claim that it was intended to be a paraphrase. In reviewing viewer complaints, Ofcom (the United Kingdom's statutory broadcasting regulator) ruled that FOX News had breached the program code in three areas: "respect for truth", "opportunity to take part", and "personal view programmes opinions expressed must not rest upon false evidence". An opinion piece on the Hutton Inquiry decision, in which John Gibson said the BBC had "a frothing-at-the-mouth anti-Americanism that was obsessive, irrational and dishonest" and that the BBC reporter, Andrew Gilligan, "insisted on air that the Iraqi Army was heroically repulsing an incompetent American Military" [10] (http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,109821,00.html).

The quotes included: "Women should like me! I do manicures," "Didn't my nails and cuticles look great?" and "I'm metrosexual [Bush's] a cowboy." FOX News retracted the story and apologized (http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,134166,00.html), citing a "jest" that became published through "fatigue and bad judgement, not malice". A news article in October 2004 by Carl Cameron, chief political correspondent of FOX News, containing three fabricated quotes attributed to Democratic presidential candidate John Kerry. The network made an official response (http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,125436,00.html) and a review of selected employees (http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,125437,00.html) featured in the film and their employment (or non-employment) with FOX News. Suddenly, we were ordered from the top to carry [...] Republican, right-wing propaganda," after being told what to say about Ronald Reagan.

For example, Frank O'Donnell, a former employee of WTTG (a FOX affiliate), says: "We were stunned, because up until that point, we were allowed to do legitimate news. Outfoxed: Rupert Murdoch's War on Journalism, a documentary film on FOX News by Robert Greenwald, makes allegations of bias in FOX News by interviewing a number of former employees who discuss the company's practices. Still, FOX News frequently cites Colmes' presence with the network when accused of right-wing bias, which led to the development of the term Fox News liberal. Alan Colmes is a self-professed liberal, although he is frequently criticized by the left as being a political moderate and for percieved submissiveness compared with Sean Hannity, who he shares a program with.

Bush wherein Cavuto told Bush that domestic lack of support for the partial privatization of Social Security was due to Americans being "distracted" by Michael Jackson's child molestation trial. Neil Cavuto has been described as a "Bush apologist" by critics [9] (http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0613-23.htm), after conducting an allegedly deferential interview with President George W. And who needs to know that he's not a legitimate president?" [8] (http://www.yaaams.org/medianews.shtml). Bush was sworn into office: "Is this a case where knowing the facts actually would be worse than not knowing? I mean, should we burn those ballots, preserve them in amber, or shred them? George Bush is going to be president.

Gibson gained notoriety immediately after the 2000 presidential election controversy for his advocating the burning of all ballots involved in the election dispute once George W. John Gibson's afternoon block of news coverage, "The Big Story", is frequently cited as an example of FOX News deliberately blurring the lines between objective reporting and opinion/editorial programming. [7] (http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,159877,00.html). O'Reilly frequently uses incendiary, nationalist rhetoric toward those who hold disagreeing positions, such as accusing Senator Dick Durbin of "slamming America" and "condemning his own country" over Durbin's criticism of the conditions at the United States' Guantanamo Bay facility in Cuba.

O'Reilly himself maintains that he is politically independent (chiefly due to libertarian positions on social issues like homosexuality and marijuana legislation). One of the most well-known personalities is the popular Bill O'Reilly, who hosts the O'Reilly Factor; O'Reilly often faces criticism from the left over perceived pro-war, right-wing slant in his news coverage. Bush before the 2004 election. Primetime co-host Sean Hannity (paired with Alan Colmes on-air) is also a conservative; Hannity is also prominent in conservative talk radio, second only to Rush Limbaugh in terms of listeners, and went on tour for George W.

Former Fox News Sunday host Tony Snow is a conservative columnist, radio host, and former chief speechwriter for the first Bush administration. Daytime anchor David Asman previously worked at The Wall Street Journal editorial page and the Manhattan Institute, a conservative thinktank. Managing editor and host Brit Hume is a contributor to the conservative American Spectator and Weekly Standard. Full report (http://www.stateofthemedia.org/2005/narrative_cabletv_contentanalysis.asp?cat=2&media=5).

On the other hand, it found FOX more transparent about its sources[6] (http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A33008-2005Mar14?language=printer). The same report found FOX less likely than CNN to present multiple points of view. A study by the Project for Excellence in Journalism in 2005 found that, in covering the Iraq War in 2004, 73% of FOX News stories included editorial opinions, compared to 29% on MSNBC and 2% on CNN. (See Governments' pre-war positions on invasion of Iraq).

In the aggregate, 23% of all respondants who got their news primarily from a single news network held this belief. 35% of FOX viewers believed that "the majority of people [in the world] favour the US having gone to war" with Iraq. (See Iraq disarmament crisis). In the aggregate, 23% of all respondants who got their news primarily from a single news network held this belief.

33% of FOX viewers believed that the "US has found Iraqi weapons of mass destruction" "since the war ended". (See Saddam Hussein and Al-Qaeda). In the aggregate, 52% of all respondants who got their news primarily from a single news network held this belief. 67% of FOX viewers believed that the "US has found clear evidence in Iraq that Saddam Hussein was working closely with the al Qaeda terrorist organization".

A study by the Program on International Policy Attitudes, in the Winter 2003-2004 issue of Political Science Quarterly, reported that viewers of the Fox Network local affiliates or Fox News were more likely than viewers of other news networks to hold three views which the authors labeled as misperceptions:[5] (http://www.psqonline.org/cgi-bin/99_article.cgi?byear=2003&bmonth=winter&a=02free&format=view) (PDF)

    . Compared guests on FOX's Special Report with Brit Hume with those on CNN's Wolf Blitzer Reports:. Claims that, despite his claims to the contrary, The O'Reilly Factor host Bill O'Reilly is conservative; and. A report released in August 2001 by Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, titled "Fox: The Most Biased Name in News," ([4] (http://www.fair.org/reports/fox.html)) which:
      .

      Photocopied memos (http://www.independent-media.tv/item.cfm?fmedia_id=8147&fcategory_desc=Fox%20News,%2024hr%20Republican%20Network) from FOX News executive John Moody instructing the network's on-air anchors and reporters on using positive language when discussing anti-abortion viewpoints, the Iraq war, and tax cuts; as well as requesting that the Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse scandal be put in context with the other violence in the area. [3] (http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/11/14/politics/main249357.shtml). Though all major networks called Florida for Bush by 2:20 a.m., Ellis has since admitted to informing both Jeb and George Bush several times by telephone of how projections were going on election night. Bush, was one of four consultants assigned by the Voter News Service to FOX News on night of the 2000 Presidential election; thus he was part of the team that recommended FOX News be the last to retract its call of Florida for Gore and the first to call Florida for Bush, which FOX News did at 2:16 a.m [2] (http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/11/14/politics/main249357.shtml).

      That John Prescott Ellis, a full cousin of George W. Appeal Decision (http://www.2dca.org/opinion/February%2014,%202003/2D01-529.pdf) (PDF). WTVT successfully appealed on First Amendment grounds. This case was against a local affiliate station, not FOX News. A ruling in a whistleblower lawsuit that WTVT had ordered fired reporters Jane Akre and Steve Wilson to distort the facts in a story about Bovine Growth Hormone.

      The only other major news organization to do so was fellow Murdoch-owned News Corporation subsidiary the New York Post. Use of the term "homicide bomber" instead of "suicide bomber" after White House Press Secretary Ari Fleischer made the request. Bush. CEO Roger Ailes's past activities, including: Republican campaign work, involvement in the Willie Horton ad, his production of the Rush Limbaugh television show, and having served as either advisor or consultant to Republican Presidents Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan and George H.W.

      Rupert Murdoch's ownership of several conservative outlets, including the New York Post and The Times. Rita Cosby. Jon Du Pre. Paula Zahn.

      Catherine Crier. the next day. 11 p.m.: Reruns of previous programs are shown until 6 a.m. This program has an emphasis on stories pertaining to legal matters or human interest.

      10 p.m.: Greta Van Susteren broadcasts On the Record with Greta Van Susteren. 9 p.m.: Conservative Sean Hannity and liberal Alan Colmes debate political issues of the day with guests and analysts during Hannity & Colmes. The taped broadcast features commentary from Bill O'Reilly, formerly of Inside Edition fame. 8 p.m.: The network's top-rated show, The O'Reilly Factor.

      7 p.m.: Shepard Smith broadcasts The Fox Report With Shepard Smith, offering various reports on the day's events. 6 p.m.: Primetime starts with the political news and discussion show Special Report with Brit Hume, hosted by political reporter Brit Hume from Washington, DC. 5 p.m.: John Gibson hosts The Big Story, a news/commentary program. 4 p.m.: Fox's flagship business program, Your World, hosted by Neil Cavuto.

      3 p.m.: Shepard Smith's news program, Studio B. 2 p.m.: Another hour of Fox News Live hosted by Martha MacCallum. 1 p.m.: Linda Vester's talk show with a live audience, Dayside. Usually hosted by Jon Scott, Brigitte Quinn, and David Asman.

      Like other American cable news stations, there is news mixed with feature-like stories, as well as commentary and short debates between people on opposite sides of issues, usually between associates of candidates and officials, think tank members, and journalists. 9 a.m.: Late morning and early afternoon programming starts with Fox News Live, a show featuring news, guest analysis, and interviews. Hill, and Brian Kilmeade, is similar to other cable news network programming in the mornings, such as CNN's American Morning with Bill Hemmer and Soledad O'Brien and MSNBC's Imus in the Morning. 7 a.m.: Fox & Friends, hosted by Steve Doocy, E.D.

      Napolitano, and others. 6 a.m.: Morning programming begins with Fox & Friends 1st, hosted by one or more of the Fox & Friends hosts with rotating co-hosts Kiran Chetry, Lauren Green, Juliet Huddy, Andrew P.