Star Trek

Star Trek collectively refers to a science-fiction franchise spanning six unique television series, 726 episodes and ten motion pictures in addition to hundreds of novels, video games, fan stories and other works of fiction all set within the same fictional universe created by Gene Roddenberry in the mid-1960s.

It depicts an optimistic, almost utopian future in which humanity has largely overcome such traditional frailities and vices as sickness, racism, poverty, environmental destructiveness, intolerance, religion and warfare on Earth, and has united with other intelligent species in the galaxy; the central characters explore the galaxy, discovering new worlds and encountering new civilizations, while helping to promote peace and understanding.

Star Trek (or sometimes merely "Trek") is one of the most popular names in the history of science fiction entertainment, and one of the most popular franchises in television history.

Television series

Star Trek originated as a television series in 1966, although according to The Making of Star Trek by Stephen E. Whitfield and Gene Roddenberry, it had been in the planning stages for at least six years prior to this. There have been five live-action Star Trek series and an animated series, altogether comprising (as of May 2005) a total of 726 individual aired episodes (not including the original unaired pilot) and thirty seasons’ worth of television.

Star Trek (1966–1969)

The USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)

Star Trek debuted on NBC on September 8, 1966, having aired in Canada some days earlier. Created by Gene Roddenberry, starring William Shatner, Leonard Nimoy, and DeForest Kelley, and co-starring James Doohan, George Takei, Nichelle Nichols, Majel Barrett, and (later) Walter Koenig, it told the tale of the crew of the starship Enterprise of the United Federation of Planets and Starfleet and their adventures "to boldly go where no man has gone before."

The first episode aired, "The Man Trap," was actually the fifth produced. Originally, Roddenberry had created a pilot entitled "The Cage," with a very different cast, led by veteran actor Jeffrey Hunter, which was rejected by NBC, the network that ordered the pilot through Desilu. However, an unprecedented second pilot was commissioned, "Where No Man Has Gone Before," which featured an almost entirely new cast led by Shatner. Only the character of Spock remained, at Roddenberry's insistence. "Where No Man Has Gone Before" was the third episode aired, while "The Cage" was reworked into a two-part episode, "The Menagerie."

The last original episode, "The Turnabout Intruder," aired on June 3, 1969. The series subsequently became phenomenally popular in syndication, ultimately spawning the film and television sequels that followed. It has in recent years become known as Star Trek: The Original Series, abbreviated as ST:TOS or TOS, or as "Classic Trek," retronyms to distinguish it from its sequels and the franchise. All subsequent films and television series, except the animated series of the 1970s, have secondary titles included as part of their official names.

Star Trek: The Animated Series (1973–1974)

The USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) in animated form

The series was aired under the name Star Trek, but it has become widely known as Star Trek: The Animated Series (or abbreviated as ST:TAS or TAS). It was produced by Filmation and ran for two seasons, with a total of 22 half-hour episodes. It featured most of the original cast performing the voices for their characters. While the freedom of animation afforded large alien landscapes and exotic life forms, budget constraints were a major concern and animation quality was poor.

A few episodes are especially notable due to contributions from well known science-fiction authors. However, the series is not considered to be canon, which has caused controversy among some fans. The episode "Yesteryear" is considered by some sources such as the Star Trek Encyclopedia to be a partial exception concerning the events depicted in Spock’s youth (although it still officially remains non-canon along with the rest of TAS). Even so, elements of the animated series have worked their way into official canon, such as Kirk’s middle name, Tiberius, first revealed in TAS and made official in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country. Star Trek: Enterprise also incorporated several TAS concepts into canon. So while the series itself is not strictly canon, it has been used as "canon fodder." TAS also came back to television in the mid 1980s on the children's cable network Nickelodeon.

Star Trek: Phase II (1978; unproduced)

Concept art from the unproduced series

Star Trek: Phase II was set to air in 1978 as the flagship series of a proposed Paramount television network, and 12 episode scripts were written before production was due to begin. This series would have put most of the original crew back aboard the Enterprise for a second five-year mission, except for Spock, because Leonard Nimoy did not agree to return; a younger full-blooded Vulcan named Xon was planned as a replacement, although it was still hoped that Nimoy would make guest appearances. Sets were constructed and several minutes of test footage were filmed. However, the risks of launching a fourth network and the popularity of the then-recently released film Star Wars led Paramount to make a Star Trek film instead of a weekly television series. The first script of this aborted series formed the basis of Star Trek: The Motion Picture, while two others were eventually adapted as episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation.

Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987–1994)

The USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D)

Star Trek: The Next Generation (also known, colloquially, as The Next Generation, NextGen, ST:TNG, or TNG) is set nearly a century later and features a new starship (also named Enterprise) and a new crew, venturing where "no one has gone before."

It premiered on September 28, 1987, with the two-hour pilot episode, "Encounter at Farpoint," and ran for seven seasons, ending with the final two-part episode, "All Good Things..." on May 29, 1994. The show gained a considerable following during its initial run. Even during that time, the show was produced solely for syndication.

Star Trek: The Next Generation had the highest ratings of all the Star Trek series and was the #1 syndicated show during the last few years of its original run. Many fans, both casual and "hard-core," often treat The Next Generation as a kind of 'golden age' of Star Trek, primarily because of its broad acceptance, its viewer base, and the active influence of Roddenberry (who was alive during the first part of its run).

Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (1993–1999)

Space station Deep Space Nine (DS9)

Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (ST:DS9 or DS9) ran for seven seasons and was the first Star Trek series to be established without any direct input from Gene Roddenberry. It introduced Avery Brooks as Commander (and, later in the series, Captain) Benjamin Sisko, the first African-American in the commanding role of a Star Trek series. It chronicles the events surrounding the space station Deep Space Nine.

In the first episode, the crew discovers the presence of a nearby, uniquely stable wormhole, which provides nearly immediate travel to and from the distant Gamma Quadrant. This immediately makes the station an important strategic asset, as well as a vital center of commerce with the largely unexplored area of space. Deep Space Nine sheds some of the utopian themes that embodied the previous versions of Star Trek, and focuses more on war, religion and political compromise.

Star Trek: Voyager (1995–2001)

USS Voyager (NCC-74656)

Star Trek: Voyager (also known as ST:VOY, ST:VGR, VOY or Voyager) was produced for seven seasons, and is the only Star Trek series to have had a female, Captain Kathryn Janeway, as the commanding officer. Essentially, the USS Voyager and crew were "lost in space": the series follows the adventures of the starship Voyager and her crew, joined by Maquis resistance fighters, who have all become stranded in the Delta Quadrant, seventy thousand light years from Earth by an entity known as the "Caretaker." Unless they can find a shortcut, it will take them seventy-five years to return to Federation space.

Although Voyager's ratings were initially solid, they fell dramatically as the show progressed. It was during this show's run that criticism of producer Rick Berman began to mount, coinciding with the growth in popularity of online discussion forums that amplified the message of a vocal group of fans who felt Berman was no longer welcome as the franchise leader.

Star Trek: Enterprise (2001–2005)

The early starship Enterprise (NX-01)

Star Trek: Enterprise (named simply Enterprise during its first two seasons and the first few episodes of its third, and abbreviated as ST:ENT or ENT) is a prequel to the other Star Trek series. The pilot episode, "Broken Bow," takes place ten years before the founding of the Federation, about halfway between the "historic" events shown in the movie Star Trek: First Contact and the original Star Trek series. This series depicts the exploration of space by the crew of the Earthship Enterprise, a new, NX-class starship, which is able to go farther and faster than any humans had previously gone.

Star Trek: Enterprise was promoted as being more accessible for newcomers to the Star Trek franchise, as well as for taking place during the formative years of the Federation. Ratings for Enterprise were never particularly strong; and, as it had done during the initial airing of The Original Series, fan support during Enterprise's second and third seasons helped keep the series on the air. During the third season Berman and Braga turned much of their leadership role to writer Manny Coto, but retained final control for themselves. Although the show gained a much more positive reaction from fans during the fourth season and had become popular, Paramount cancelled the show in early 2005.

Motion pictures

The USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-E), from films VIII-X

Ten Star Trek films have been produced by Paramount Pictures. The first six continued the adventures of the TOS cast; the later four featured the TNG cast.

A common and fondly-held superstition among fans is that the even-numbered Star Trek films are superior to the odd-numbered Star Trek films. This rule of thumb is most easily applicable to the first few films: Star Trek II and IV are usually at or near the top of the fan-favorites, while I and V are usually at the bottom (though I has since received quite a bit of positive re-evaluation in the wake of an acclaimed "Director's Edition" revision released on DVD). This is not wholly applicable, however; III followed on from the success of II, which continued into IV. Another exception is X (Star Trek: Nemesis), which was one of the most critically derided Star Trek films. Many critics accused it of attempting to imitate the plot (and success) of Star Trek II. Despite fetching the lowest revenue at the box office in Star Trek history, its 2003 DVD release sold well.

Although North American and UK releases of the films were no longer numbered following the sixth film, European releases continued numbering the films.


Canonicity and other storylines

The Star Trek canon comprises the five live TV series and ten motion pictures. Although the Star Trek animated series, books, comic books, video games, and other materials based on Star Trek (i.e., those licensed by Paramount Pictures) are generally considered "non-canon," there are several works which deserve mentioning, including a number of fan-made (or "fanon") productions set within the Star Trek universe.

Outside of the television series and motion pictures produced by Paramount pictures, the Star Trek franchise has been officially expanded and elaborated on by various authors and artists in the so-called "Star Trek Expanded Universe," despite the fact that Paramount does not consider these derivative works canon. This expanded universe consists of the aforementioned animated series, books, comics, video games, etc. The creators of these works are generally free to tell their own stories set in the Star Trek universe, and are free to either keep an existing continuity, or use their own. (Similarly, writers for TV and film are under no obligation to pay heed to any of the derivative works, which has occasionally caused conflict.) Nonetheless, these works often expand the backstories of characters, species, planets, etc, already seen in the official live-action productions. For example, the Voyager novels Mosaic and Pathways are known to have given essential background information for characters in the Voyager live-action series.

The Star Trek series has also inspired many non-official fan-made productions. For example, in recent years, so-called Star Trek "fan films" have been created for distribution over the Internet. One of the more prominent fan series of late is Star Trek: New Voyages, a "continuation" of the original Star Trek. At one time, Paramount was against these productions, but has since reportedly loosened its stance on allowing them. While none of these projects are licensed by Paramount, some have attracted participation from official cast and crew. See Star Trek, fan made productions for more detailed information about these productions.

Cultural impact

The Enterprise boldly going where no man has gone before, on this commemorative postage stamp issued by the United States Postal Service.

Star Trek is one of the most culturally influential television shows – and perhaps the most influential science fiction TV series – in history. The original series (TOS), which aired in the late sixties, has since yielded four successor series, ten feature films, a plethora of merchandise, and a multibillion dollar industry collectively known as the Star Trek franchise (owned by Paramount). Arguably, only Star Wars has had as great an impact as a science fiction and pop culture phenomenon.

Gene Roddenberry sold TOS to NBC as a classic adventure drama. Though set on a fictional starship, Roddenberry wanted to tell more sophisticated stories using futuristic situations as analogies for current problems on Earth and rectifying them through humanism and optimism. The opening line "to boldly go where no man has gone before" was taken almost verbatim from a US White House booklet on space produced after the Sputnik flight in 1957. The central trio of Kirk, Spock, and McCoy was modelled on classical mythological storytelling. Harking of human diversity and contemporaneous political circumstances, Roddenberry included a multiethnic crew.

While there were other successful science fiction TV shows at the time, TOS broke new ground. It was the first aimed at adults that told of morality tales with complex narratives. During its initial run from 1966 to 1969, TOS did not garner substantial TV ratings and was almost cancelled after its second season. After a letter-writing campaign by fans, NBC reversed its decision and renewed the series for a third season. NBC put the show in a timeslot when it was watched by few, and it was cancelled after its third season.

Underlying the influence of Star Trek and the fictional titular starship, a letter-writing campaign compelled NASA to name the inaugural (and test) space shuttle Enterprise in 1976.

In 1976, following another letter-writing campaign, NASA named its first space shuttle, Enterprise, after the fictional starship. Encouraged by the burgeoning fan base for the show throughout the seventies, Roddenberry sought to start a second television series; this abortive attempt morphed into Star Trek: The Motion Picture in 1979. The movie did sufficiently well at the box office and spawned several more movies during the eighties. In 1986, Roddenberry created a second TV show, Star Trek: The Next Generation (TNG), which was set more than seventy years after events in the earlier series and related movies. TNG was syndicated through local TV stations rather than a nationwide network. It became the number one syndicated TV show, lasting seven seasons, and spawned two sequels, a prequel, four movies, a vast marketing business, and a considerable fan base.

Star Trek and its spinoffs have proved highly popular in television repeats, shown endlessly on TV stations in the US and worldwide. The show’s cultural impact goes far beyond its longevity and profitability. Star Trek conventions have become popular, though now often meshed with conventions of other genres, and fans have coined the term "Trekkies" (or "Trekkers") to describe themselves. An entire subculture grew up around the show and, anecdotally, there are indications that Star Trek has influenced many peoples' lives. Phrases like "Beam me up, Scotty" have entered vernacular, and devices have arguably been inspired by fictional counterparts.

Conversely, many fans contend that the Star Trek franchise, particularly after Roddenberry's death in 1991, has reached a nadir. Reduced viewership and box office receipts for recent productions and the short tenure of Star Trek: Enterprise connote decreased popularity. Some assert that the many incarnations are formulaic, repetitive, mediocre, and sometimes discontinuous, while others ascribe this decline to static leadership at Paramount.

Uncertain future for the franchise

Predictions of the demise of Star Trek are nothing new. As early as 1993–1994, when Star Trek: Deep Space Nine failed to generate the high ratings of its predecessor, magazines such as Entertainment Weekly predicted the end of the franchise. The rumored near-cancellation of Star Trek: Voyager in the mid-1990s led to more such predictions. Enterprise, which scored the lowest ratings of any Trek series to date, was widely reported in the media to be on the verge of cancellation after each of its first three seasons and a "death watch" of sorts was maintained throughout its fourth and final year.

However, due to the cancellation of Enterprise and the poor box-office performance of the 2002 film Nemesis, executive producer Rick Berman has stated that Paramount intends to rest the franchise (film and television) for at least three years.

Many Trek fans had wanted former executive producers Berman and Brannon Braga to be replaced. Babylon 5 creator J. Michael Straczynski, former Star Trek writer Ronald D. Moore, and the former Enterprise executive producer Manny Coto have been suggested as possible replacements, and Straczynski has expressed an interest in taking the helm of Star Trek. [1] In an ironic twist to the fan-based efforts to bring back Trek in the 1960s and 1970s, there were groups of fans who felt that the concept had run its course and who had actively pursued the end of Star Trek.

Reruns of The Next Generation and Deep Space Nine are aired regularly on Spike TV in the United States. Spike TV will also begin airing reruns of Voyager in the fall of 2006, as part of its original deal for all three series. TOS, TNG, and Voyager air daily in Canada on Space: The Imagination Station, which has also purchased Enterprise for daily rebroadcasts starting in the fall of 2005. In December 2005, Comcast's G4 network announced it had obtained the syndication rights for both TNG and TOS. G4 has been airing TNG since January 8; reportedly, Spike will continue to broadcast TNG as well.

Cast members and fans have suggested that even if there are no further Star Trek series or movies, the franchise may continue in television movies, mini-series, specials, and other forms of media.

Future sequels to the original series

There is some desire among fans to bring back the character of Captain Kirk, as played by William Shatner, to give him a more dignified end than that shown in Star Trek: Generations. [2] Recently, Shatner has made public on various talk shows his proposal for a Starfleet Academy series featuring a young James T. Kirk. He plans to pitch his idea to Paramount Pictures in 2006.

George Takei and fans have made frequent attempts to convince the studio to create a series based on Captain Sulu's voyages on the Excelsior, but, despite support from fans, it has enjoyed little success. Sulu and the Excelsior originally appeared in the film Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country, as well as in an episode of Star Trek: Voyager ("Flashback"), but this did not lead to a new series. Sulu later appeared in the video games Star Trek: Starfleet Academy (unrelated to the proposal laid out by William Shatner) and Star Trek: Shattered Universe, the latter of which is set in the Mirror, Mirror alternate universe.

Future sequels to The Next Generation

After the failure of the tenth film in the franchise to meet expectations, the cast members indicated that they did not expect any future TNG films to be produced. Additionally, it has been reported that Brent Spiner is no longer interested in reprising the character of Data because, though every actor ages, the character, as an android, should not. However, Spiner portrayed Arik Soong, an ancestor of the creator of his character Data, in Enterprise's fourth season. Later that year, Sirtis and Frakes reprised their TNG roles for the Enterprise finale. In December of 2005, Patrick Stewart, who had earlier maintained that he was not interested in portraying Picard again, revealed that serious meetings have been held with parties interested in a fifth TNG film, which could be made in 2008 or 2009. [3] [4] Stewart subsequently stated his concern that he may be too old to play the role of Picard by the time another film is made.[5]

Continuation of Enterprise

There is some consensus among Star Trek fans that the fourth and final season of Enterprise was better than the previous three seasons, and that continuation of the program under the new "mini-arc" writing style introduced in season four would have stood a chance of the series acquiring better ratings during a fifth season.

A campaign by Enterprise fans was mounted to have the show aired on the Sci-Fi Channel, which was rumored to be interested in the show at one point, although TV Guide reported otherwise. Berman, however, stated that Paramount is not interested in shopping the show around to other networks.

One campaign, Trek United, attempted to raise funds to finance a fifth season, raising pledges and cash donations of more than $3.1 million (U.S.) Its proposal, which would have seen a fifth season jointly produced by Paramount along with Canadian and British production houses, was rejected by the studio. It has been reported that the decision to cancel Enterprise after its fourth season may have been made by Paramount as early as the 2002–2003 season, while lead actor Scott Bakula has gone on record as stating that management changes at Paramount in 2003–2004 left the Star Trek franchise without strong support at the studio. In April 2005, he claimed that up until 2003–2004, Paramount had actually intended for the cast of Enterprise to become the focus for the next Star Trek film. [6]

New feature film?

Most details about a possible eleventh film are either unknown or undecided. In a May 2005 interview for the UK Star Trek Magazine, Rick Berman stated that he does not expect Trek XI, if it is actually produced, to be released for several years.[7] Some sources such as the user-edited Internet Movie Database have given the film the working title Star Trek: The Beginning, and have suggested a 2007 release, however Paramount has yet to announce any official title, or if it will actually produce an 11th Star Trek film. In a follow-up interview for the September 2005 issue of Star Trek Magazine, Berman stated that planning for the film is still "in its infant stages."[8] In late February 2005, Berman told Variety that screenwriter Erik Jendresen, producer Jordan Kerner, and former Paramount Television president Kerry McCluggage were attached to the project. [9]

The announcement of Paramount's new DVD Premiere division, devoted to direct-to-DVD original productions and franchise spin-offs, has led to speculation as to whether a future Star Trek film might be produced in this format.[10]

On December 1, 2005, it was reported via Patrick Stewart that discussions have been held regarding a possible new film featuring the TNG crew, although the actor indicated that his stage commitments would prevent him from participating in such a production until sometime in 2007.[11] Stewart also alluded to this during a live interview on ITV's This Morning whilst discussing his new show Eleventh Hour.

Video games

Star Trek videogames have a long history on the personal computer. As early as 1974, a text-based game simply called Star Trek was experimented with on one of the first large-scale computer networks.

The first graphically driven Star Trek game was simply called Star Trek and created for, initially, the Commodore PET in the late 1970s and later appeared on other systems such as the TRS-80 and Apple II. In most of these versions, game play consisted of a grid-like map and keyboard controls, with the mission being to destroy a set number of Klingon vessels within a set period of time or number of moves. Play was not in real time; each turn consisted of entering travel co-ordinates or a direction in which to fire phasers or torpedoes. More advanced graphics were introduced with Sega's coin-operated arcade game, Star Trek: Strategic Operations Simulator, which arrived in 1982 after the successful release of Wrath Of Khan, and featured vector-based graphics and a viewscreen view of battles with Klingon ships.

Among the first plot-driven Trek games for home computers were text-based adventures. The first commercial text-based Star Trek game was Star Trek: The Promethean Prophecy, which was released in 1986.

Graphical adventures for the PC followed with limited success, but the first must-have title was created when the game publisher Interplay acquired the licence in 1992 and created Star Trek: 25th Anniversary to the delight of fans and critical acclaim.

Much like the movie series, Star Trek videogames have been of a hit-and-miss nature. Among the most positively reviewed of contemporary game titles are the Interplay's Star Trek: Starfleet Command and Star Trek: Klingon Academy, and Activision's Star Trek: Bridge Commander, Star Trek Voyager: Elite Force, and the Star Trek: Armada series.

Counted among the commercially unsuccessful Star Trek games are Star Trek: Starfleet Academy, Star Trek: New Worlds, Star Trek Generations, Star Trek: Klingon Honor Guard, and Star Trek Deep Space 9: The Fallen.

In 1998, Viacom entered into an agreement with Activision to produce Star Trek video games. Many games were released under this agreement, but in 2003, Activision filed a lawsuit against Viacom stating that they were not holding up to their end of the bargain because the Star Trek franchise was not as valuable as it once was. None of the games produced sold well, with the exception of the Star Trek Voyager: Elite Force games. Activision cancelled the contract and sought compensation for losses. In March 2005, an agreement was reached and all lawsuits were dropped, but the other terms have been deemed confidential [12]

In late 2002, an organization offering an online chat based role-playing game was established called the Star Trek Simulation Forum (STSF). While it is known that hundreds of Star Trek sims exist online providing non-graphical gaming experiences, this forum serves as the text based game for the official Paramount operated Star Trek website [13]. Its continued operation after the release of Star Trek Online is unknown.

In 2004, Perpetual Entertainment announced plans for an MMORPG based in the Star Trek universe. This will be the first game of this type to be based on Star Trek. Currently, the game is tentatively titled Star Trek Online and is expected to be set roughly 20 years after the events of Nemesis. More detailed information regarding the game can be found in Stography, a wiki dedicated to the game.

In January 2006, Information was leaked regarding plans for two new Star Trek games, Star Trek - Legacy (for the Xbox 360 and PC) and Star Trek - Tactical Assault (for PSP and DS), both being published by Bethesda Softworks and developed by Mad Doc Software and Quicksilver Software respectively, both these games are rumoured to be released in September 2006. Mad Doc software is no stranger to Star Trek gaming, having developed the acclaimed Star Trek: Armada II title. Further information was published in the February Issue of Game Informer magazine, and an official announcement was made by Bethesda shortly aftwards. [14] An interview has also been secured between one of the top Star Trek Gaming Fansites, Star Trek Gamers [15]. and Bethesda Softworks. [16].

Novels

Pocket Books, current publishers of officially licensed fiction based upon all the series (as well as numerous original Star Trek series of its own), plans to continue publishing original novels for the foreseeable future.

However, soon after Enterprise was cancelled, the company announced that it was halving the number of Star Trek novels it would be publishing, down to only one mass-market paperback per month, plus several trade paperbacks and hardcovers throughout the year. Although book line editors stressed that the decision to reduce the number of books was made a year earlier and was not related to popularity/ratings problems within the franchise, the announcement was seen by some as another indication that the Star Trek franchise is on the wane.

Despite this, however, the company maintains that it has ambitious plans for the line, including (in May 2005) the confirmation that an Enterprise Relaunch series of novels is in the planning stages.[17]

References

Star Trek may be the most documented entertainment franchise in history. Here are a few of the major reference works related to the production and influence of the franchise.

  • The Making of Star Trek by Gene Roddenberry and Stephen E. Whitfield (Ballantine Books, 1968)
  • The Trouble with Tribbles by David Gerrold (Ballantine, 1973)
  • The World of Star Trek by David Gerrold (Ballantine Books, 1973; revised edition, Bluejay Books, 1984)
  • Star Trek Lives! by Jacqueline Lichtenberg, Sondra Marshak, and Joan Winston (Bantam Books, 1975)
  • The Making of the Trek Conventions by Joan Winston (Doubleday Books/Playboy Press, 1977)
  • A Star Trek Catalog edited by Gerry Turnbull (Grosset & Dunlap, 1979)
  • On the Good Ship Enterprise: My 15 Years with Star Trek by Bjo Trimble (Donning Starblaze, 1983)
  • Star Trek Memories by William Shatner and Chris Kreski (HarperCollins, 1993)
  • Star Trek Movie Memories by William Shatner and Chris Kreski (HarperCollins, 1994)
  • Beyond Uhura by Nichelle Nichols (Putnam, 1994)
  • The Physics of Star Trek by Lawrence M. Krauss (Basic Books, 1995)
  • City on the Edge of Forever by Harlan Ellison (White Wolf Publishing, 1996)
  • Enterprise Zones: Critical Positions on Star Trek, edited by Taylor Harrison, Sarah Projansky, Kent A. Ono, Elyce Rae Helford (Westview Press, 1996)
  • Inside Star Trek: The Real Story by Herbert F. Solow and Robert H. Justman (Pocket Books, 1996)
  • Future Perfect: How Star Trek Conquered Planet Earth by Jeff Greenwald (Viking Press, 1998)
  • Get a Life! by William Shatner and Chris Kreski (Pocket Books, 1999)
  • The Ethics of Star Trek by Judith Barad Ph.D. with Ed Robertson (HarperCollins, 2000)
  • I'm Working on That: A Trek from Science Fiction to Science Fact by William Shatner and Chip Walter (Pocket Books, 2002)

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Here are a few of the major reference works related to the production and influence of the franchise. To be played on April 7-8-9, 2006.. Star Trek may be the most documented entertainment franchise in history. Inconclusive results.. Despite this, however, the company maintains that it has ambitious plans for the line, including (in May 2005) the confirmation that an Enterprise Relaunch series of novels is in the planning stages.[17]. Played February 10-11-12, 2006. Although book line editors stressed that the decision to reduce the number of books was made a year earlier and was not related to popularity/ratings problems within the franchise, the announcement was seen by some as another indication that the Star Trek franchise is on the wane. On the 100th anniversary of the tournament's founding, 129 nations competed for the Davis Cup.

However, soon after Enterprise was cancelled, the company announced that it was halving the number of Star Trek novels it would be publishing, down to only one mass-market paperback per month, plus several trade paperbacks and hardcovers throughout the year. Since then, several other countries have gone on to capture the trophy. Pocket Books, current publishers of officially licensed fiction based upon all the series (as well as numerous original Star Trek series of its own), plans to continue publishing original novels for the foreseeable future. However India refused to play in the final that year in protest against the South African government's apartheid policies, thus handing South Africa a walk-over victory. [16]. Their domination was broken in 1974, when South Africa and India qualified for the final. and Bethesda Softworks. Up to 1973, the Davis Cup had only ever been won by the U.S.A., Great Britain, France and Australia/Australasia.

[14] An interview has also been secured between one of the top Star Trek Gaming Fansites, Star Trek Gamers [15]. has won the event the most times (31), followed by Australia (23 [28 including Australasia]), France and Great Britain (9 each)[Includes British Isles 5], Sweden (7), and Australasia (5). Further information was published in the February Issue of Game Informer magazine, and an official announcement was made by Bethesda shortly aftwards. Since inception, the U.S.A. Mad Doc software is no stranger to Star Trek gaming, having developed the acclaimed Star Trek: Armada II title. From 1950 to 1967, Australia dominated the competition, winning the Cup 15 times in 18 years. In January 2006, Information was leaked regarding plans for two new Star Trek games, Star Trek - Legacy (for the Xbox 360 and PC) and Star Trek - Tactical Assault (for PSP and DS), both being published by Bethesda Softworks and developed by Mad Doc Software and Quicksilver Software respectively, both these games are rumoured to be released in September 2006. (Dwight Davis became a prominent politician in the United States in the 1920s, serving as Secretary of War from 1925-29 and as Governor General of the Philippines from 1929-32.).

More detailed information regarding the game can be found in Stography, a wiki dedicated to the game. It was renamed the Davis Cup following the death of Dwight Davis in 1945. Currently, the game is tentatively titled Star Trek Online and is expected to be set roughly 20 years after the events of Nemesis. The tournament was initially known as the International Lawn Tennis Challenge. This will be the first game of this type to be based on Star Trek. By 1905 the tournament expanded to include Belgium, Austria, France, and Australasia, a combined team from Australia and New Zealand that competed together until 1913. In 2004, Perpetual Entertainment announced plans for an MMORPG based in the Star Trek universe. The following year the two countries did not compete but the US won the next match in 1902.

Its continued operation after the release of Star Trek Online is unknown. The American team, of which Dwight Davis was a part, surprised the British by winning the first three matches. While it is known that hundreds of Star Trek sims exist online providing non-graphical gaming experiences, this forum serves as the text based game for the official Paramount operated Star Trek website [13]. The first match, between the United States and Great Britain was held in Boston, Massachusetts in 1900. In late 2002, an organization offering an online chat based role-playing game was established called the Star Trek Simulation Forum (STSF). Davis, designed a tournament format and spent the money from his own pocket to purchase an appropriate sterling silver trophy. In March 2005, an agreement was reached and all lawsuits were dropped, but the other terms have been deemed confidential [12]. Once the idea received the go ahead from the respective lawn tennis associations, one of the four Harvard players, Dwight F.

Activision cancelled the contract and sought compensation for losses. The tournament was conceived in 1899 by four members of the Harvard University tennis team who came up with the idea of challenging the British to a tennis showdown. None of the games produced sold well, with the exception of the Star Trek Voyager: Elite Force games. . Many games were released under this agreement, but in 2003, Activision filed a lawsuit against Viacom stating that they were not holding up to their end of the bargain because the Star Trek franchise was not as valuable as it once was. The women's equivalent of the Davis Cup is the Fed Cup (known as the Federation Cup before 1995). In 1998, Viacom entered into an agreement with Activision to produce Star Trek video games. If a team has clinched the rubber before all 5 matches are played, any remaining reverse singles matches are shortened to best-of-3 sets.

Counted among the commercially unsuccessful Star Trek games are Star Trek: Starfleet Academy, Star Trek: New Worlds, Star Trek Generations, Star Trek: Klingon Honor Guard, and Star Trek Deep Space 9: The Fallen. All rubbers are normally best-of-5 sets. Among the most positively reviewed of contemporary game titles are the Interplay's Star Trek: Starfleet Command and Star Trek: Klingon Academy, and Activision's Star Trek: Bridge Commander, Star Trek Voyager: Elite Force, and the Star Trek: Armada series. There is no restriction on which of the playing team members plays the doubles match: the two singles players, two other players (usually doubles specialists) or a combination. Much like the movie series, Star Trek videogames have been of a hit-and-miss nature. In the past, teams could only substitute final day singles players when the result of the tie had already been determined, but nowadays the rules allow teams to select any playing team member to play the last two singles matches provided that first day matchups are not repeated. Graphical adventures for the PC followed with limited success, but the first must-have title was created when the game publisher Interplay acquired the licence in 1992 and created Star Trek: 25th Anniversary to the delight of fans and critical acclaim. On the Thursday before play starts schedule of play is randomly drawn to decide the pairings of the nominated singles players in the first two rubbers.

The first commercial text-based Star Trek game was Star Trek: The Promethean Prophecy, which was released in 1986. The captain of each nation is able to nominate a squad of four players for each tie and he decides which of these players will compete in the first three rubbers. Among the first plot-driven Trek games for home computers were text-based adventures. If the tie has already been decided in favour of one of the teams, it is common for younger lower-ranked team members to play the remaining 'dead-rubbers' in order for them to gain Davis Cup experience. More advanced graphics were introduced with Sega's coin-operated arcade game, Star Trek: Strategic Operations Simulator, which arrived in 1982 after the successful release of Wrath Of Khan, and featured vector-based graphics and a viewscreen view of battles with Klingon ships. On the third day, the final two matches are typically reverse singles in which the first-day contestants traditionally play again, but swap opponents from the first day's singles matches. Play was not in real time; each turn consisted of entering travel co-ordinates or a direction in which to fire phasers or torpedoes. A doubles match is played on the second day.

In most of these versions, game play consisted of a grid-like map and keyboard controls, with the mission being to destroy a set number of Klingon vessels within a set period of time or number of moves. On the Friday, the first two matches are singles, generally between the two best available players of each country. The first graphically driven Star Trek game was simply called Star Trek and created for, initially, the Commodore PET in the late 1970s and later appeared on other systems such as the TRS-80 and Apple II. Each World Group 'tie' between two competing nations consists of 5 matches (known as 'rubbers') carried out over the course of three days, usually Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. As early as 1974, a text-based game simply called Star Trek was experimented with on one of the first large-scale computer networks. Countries aspire to compete in the elite World Group of 16 nations which comprises four rounds of competition spread over four weekends during the year. Star Trek videogames have a long history on the personal computer. In 2005 134 nations entered teams into the competition.

On December 1, 2005, it was reported via Patrick Stewart that discussions have been held regarding a possible new film featuring the TNG crew, although the actor indicated that his stage commitments would prevent him from participating in such a production until sometime in 2007.[11] Stewart also alluded to this during a live interview on ITV's This Morning whilst discussing his new show Eleventh Hour. The largest annual team competition in sport, the Davis Cup is run by the International Tennis Federation and is contested between teams of players from competing countries in a knock-out format. The announcement of Paramount's new DVD Premiere division, devoted to direct-to-DVD original productions and franchise spin-offs, has led to speculation as to whether a future Star Trek film might be produced in this format.[10]. The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in men's tennis. [9]. Chile. In a follow-up interview for the September 2005 issue of Star Trek Magazine, Berman stated that planning for the film is still "in its infant stages."[8] In late February 2005, Berman told Variety that screenwriter Erik Jendresen, producer Jordan Kerner, and former Paramount Television president Kerry McCluggage were attached to the project. United States or Romania vs.

In a May 2005 interview for the UK Star Trek Magazine, Rick Berman stated that he does not expect Trek XI, if it is actually produced, to be released for several years.[7] Some sources such as the user-edited Internet Movie Database have given the film the working title Star Trek: The Beginning, and have suggested a 2007 release, however Paramount has yet to announce any official title, or if it will actually produce an 11th Star Trek film. Russia. Most details about a possible eleventh film are either unknown or undecided. France vs. [6]. Switzerland or Australia. In April 2005, he claimed that up until 2003–2004, Paramount had actually intended for the cast of Enterprise to become the focus for the next Star Trek film. Belarus vs.

It has been reported that the decision to cancel Enterprise after its fourth season may have been made by Paramount as early as the 2002–2003 season, while lead actor Scott Bakula has gone on record as stating that management changes at Paramount in 2003–2004 left the Star Trek franchise without strong support at the studio. Argentina. One campaign, Trek United, attempted to raise funds to finance a fifth season, raising pledges and cash donations of more than $3.1 million (U.S.) Its proposal, which would have seen a fifth season jointly produced by Paramount along with Canadian and British production houses, was rejected by the studio. Croatia vs. Berman, however, stated that Paramount is not interested in shopping the show around to other networks. Slovakia 3-0 in Rancagua, Chile. A campaign by Enterprise fans was mounted to have the show aired on the Sci-Fi Channel, which was rumored to be interested in the show at one point, although TV Guide reported otherwise. Chile def.

There is some consensus among Star Trek fans that the fourth and final season of Enterprise was better than the previous three seasons, and that continuation of the program under the new "mini-arc" writing style introduced in season four would have stood a chance of the series acquiring better ratings during a fifth season. United States leads Romania 2-1 in La Jolla, California, United States. [3] [4] Stewart subsequently stated his concern that he may be too old to play the role of Picard by the time another film is made.[5]. Netherlands 3-0 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. In December of 2005, Patrick Stewart, who had earlier maintained that he was not interested in portraying Picard again, revealed that serious meetings have been held with parties interested in a fifth TNG film, which could be made in 2008 or 2009. Russia def. Later that year, Sirtis and Frakes reprised their TNG roles for the Enterprise finale. Germany 3-0 in Halle, Germany.

However, Spiner portrayed Arik Soong, an ancestor of the creator of his character Data, in Enterprise's fourth season. France def. Additionally, it has been reported that Brent Spiner is no longer interested in reprising the character of Data because, though every actor ages, the character, as an android, should not. Australia are level with Switzerland 2-2 in Geneva, Switzerland. After the failure of the tenth film in the franchise to meet expectations, the cast members indicated that they did not expect any future TNG films to be produced. Spain 3-0 in Minsk, Belarus. Sulu later appeared in the video games Star Trek: Starfleet Academy (unrelated to the proposal laid out by William Shatner) and Star Trek: Shattered Universe, the latter of which is set in the Mirror, Mirror alternate universe. Belarus def.

Sulu and the Excelsior originally appeared in the film Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country, as well as in an episode of Star Trek: Voyager ("Flashback"), but this did not lead to a new series. Sweden 3-0 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. George Takei and fans have made frequent attempts to convince the studio to create a series based on Captain Sulu's voyages on the Excelsior, but, despite support from fans, it has enjoyed little success. Argentina def. He plans to pitch his idea to Paramount Pictures in 2006. Austria 3-0 in Graz, Austria. Kirk. Croatia def.

[2] Recently, Shatner has made public on various talk shows his proposal for a Starfleet Academy series featuring a young James T. 1900 - United States wins 3-0 over Great Britain. There is some desire among fans to bring back the character of Captain Kirk, as played by William Shatner, to give him a more dignified end than that shown in Star Trek: Generations. 1901 - no tournament. Cast members and fans have suggested that even if there are no further Star Trek series or movies, the franchise may continue in television movies, mini-series, specials, and other forms of media. 1902 - United States wins 3-2 over Great Britain. G4 has been airing TNG since January 8; reportedly, Spike will continue to broadcast TNG as well. 1903 - Great Britain wins 4-1 over the United States.

In December 2005, Comcast's G4 network announced it had obtained the syndication rights for both TNG and TOS. 1904 - Great Britain wins 5-0 over Belgium. TOS, TNG, and Voyager air daily in Canada on Space: The Imagination Station, which has also purchased Enterprise for daily rebroadcasts starting in the fall of 2005. 1905 - Great Britain wins 5-0 over the United States. Spike TV will also begin airing reruns of Voyager in the fall of 2006, as part of its original deal for all three series. 1906 - Great Britain wins 5-0 over the United States. Reruns of The Next Generation and Deep Space Nine are aired regularly on Spike TV in the United States. 1907 - Australasia wins 3-2 over Great Britain.

[1] In an ironic twist to the fan-based efforts to bring back Trek in the 1960s and 1970s, there were groups of fans who felt that the concept had run its course and who had actively pursued the end of Star Trek. 1908 - Australasia wins 3-2 over the United States. Moore, and the former Enterprise executive producer Manny Coto have been suggested as possible replacements, and Straczynski has expressed an interest in taking the helm of Star Trek. 1909 - Australasia wins 5-0 over the United States. Michael Straczynski, former Star Trek writer Ronald D. 1910 - no tournament. Babylon 5 creator J. 1911 - Australasia wins 5-0 over the United States.

Many Trek fans had wanted former executive producers Berman and Brannon Braga to be replaced. 1912 - Great Britain wins 3-2 over Australasia. However, due to the cancellation of Enterprise and the poor box-office performance of the 2002 film Nemesis, executive producer Rick Berman has stated that Paramount intends to rest the franchise (film and television) for at least three years. 1913 - United States wins 3-2 over Great Britain. Enterprise, which scored the lowest ratings of any Trek series to date, was widely reported in the media to be on the verge of cancellation after each of its first three seasons and a "death watch" of sorts was maintained throughout its fourth and final year. 1914 - Australia wins 3-2 over the United States. The rumored near-cancellation of Star Trek: Voyager in the mid-1990s led to more such predictions. 1915 to 1918 - no tournament due to World War I.

As early as 1993–1994, when Star Trek: Deep Space Nine failed to generate the high ratings of its predecessor, magazines such as Entertainment Weekly predicted the end of the franchise. 1919 - Australia wins 4-1 over Great Britain. Predictions of the demise of Star Trek are nothing new. 1920 - United States wins 5-0 over Australia. Some assert that the many incarnations are formulaic, repetitive, mediocre, and sometimes discontinuous, while others ascribe this decline to static leadership at Paramount. 1921 - United States wins 5-0 over Japan. Reduced viewership and box office receipts for recent productions and the short tenure of Star Trek: Enterprise connote decreased popularity. 1922 - United States wins 4-1 over Australia.

Conversely, many fans contend that the Star Trek franchise, particularly after Roddenberry's death in 1991, has reached a nadir. 1923 - United States wins 4-1 over Australia. Phrases like "Beam me up, Scotty" have entered vernacular, and devices have arguably been inspired by fictional counterparts. 1924 - United States wins 5-0 over Australia. An entire subculture grew up around the show and, anecdotally, there are indications that Star Trek has influenced many peoples' lives. 1925 - United States wins 5-0 over France. Star Trek conventions have become popular, though now often meshed with conventions of other genres, and fans have coined the term "Trekkies" (or "Trekkers") to describe themselves. 1926 - United States wins 4-1 over France.

The show’s cultural impact goes far beyond its longevity and profitability. 1927 - France wins 3-2 over the United States. Star Trek and its spinoffs have proved highly popular in television repeats, shown endlessly on TV stations in the US and worldwide. 1928 - France wins 4-1 over the United States. It became the number one syndicated TV show, lasting seven seasons, and spawned two sequels, a prequel, four movies, a vast marketing business, and a considerable fan base. 1929 - France wins 3-2 over the United States. TNG was syndicated through local TV stations rather than a nationwide network. 1930 - France wins 4-1 over the United States.

In 1986, Roddenberry created a second TV show, Star Trek: The Next Generation (TNG), which was set more than seventy years after events in the earlier series and related movies. 1931 - France wins 3-2 over Great Britain. The movie did sufficiently well at the box office and spawned several more movies during the eighties. 1932 - France wins 3-2 over the United States. Encouraged by the burgeoning fan base for the show throughout the seventies, Roddenberry sought to start a second television series; this abortive attempt morphed into Star Trek: The Motion Picture in 1979. 1933 - Great Britain wins 3-2 over France. In 1976, following another letter-writing campaign, NASA named its first space shuttle, Enterprise, after the fictional starship. 1934 - Great Britain wins 4-1 over the United States.

NBC put the show in a timeslot when it was watched by few, and it was cancelled after its third season. 1935 - Great Britain wins 5-0 over the United States. After a letter-writing campaign by fans, NBC reversed its decision and renewed the series for a third season. 1936 - Great Britain wins 3-2 over Australia. During its initial run from 1966 to 1969, TOS did not garner substantial TV ratings and was almost cancelled after its second season. 1937 - United States wins 4-1 over Great Britain. It was the first aimed at adults that told of morality tales with complex narratives. 1938 - United States wins 3-2 over Australia.

While there were other successful science fiction TV shows at the time, TOS broke new ground. 1939 - Australia wins 3-2 over the United States. Harking of human diversity and contemporaneous political circumstances, Roddenberry included a multiethnic crew. 1940 to 1945 - no tournament due to World War II. The central trio of Kirk, Spock, and McCoy was modelled on classical mythological storytelling. 1946 - United States wins 5-0 over Australia. The opening line "to boldly go where no man has gone before" was taken almost verbatim from a US White House booklet on space produced after the Sputnik flight in 1957. 1947 - United States wins 4-1 over Australia.

Though set on a fictional starship, Roddenberry wanted to tell more sophisticated stories using futuristic situations as analogies for current problems on Earth and rectifying them through humanism and optimism. 1948 - United States wins 5-0 over Australia. Gene Roddenberry sold TOS to NBC as a classic adventure drama. 1949 - United States wins 4-1 over Australia. Arguably, only Star Wars has had as great an impact as a science fiction and pop culture phenomenon. 1950 - Australia wins 4-1 over United States. The original series (TOS), which aired in the late sixties, has since yielded four successor series, ten feature films, a plethora of merchandise, and a multibillion dollar industry collectively known as the Star Trek franchise (owned by Paramount). 1951 - Australia wins 3-2 over the United States.

Star Trek is one of the most culturally influential television shows – and perhaps the most influential science fiction TV series – in history. 1952 - Australia wins 4-1 over the United States. See Star Trek, fan made productions for more detailed information about these productions. 1953 - Australia wins 3-2 over the United States. While none of these projects are licensed by Paramount, some have attracted participation from official cast and crew. 1954 - United States wins 3-2 over Australia. At one time, Paramount was against these productions, but has since reportedly loosened its stance on allowing them. 1955 - Australia wins 5-0 over the United States.

One of the more prominent fan series of late is Star Trek: New Voyages, a "continuation" of the original Star Trek. 1956 - Australia wins 5-0 over the United States. For example, in recent years, so-called Star Trek "fan films" have been created for distribution over the Internet. 1957 - Australia wins 3-2 over the United States. The Star Trek series has also inspired many non-official fan-made productions. 1958 - United States wins 3-2 over Australia. For example, the Voyager novels Mosaic and Pathways are known to have given essential background information for characters in the Voyager live-action series. 1959 - Australia wins 3-2 over the United States.

(Similarly, writers for TV and film are under no obligation to pay heed to any of the derivative works, which has occasionally caused conflict.) Nonetheless, these works often expand the backstories of characters, species, planets, etc, already seen in the official live-action productions. 1960 - Australia wins 4-1 over Italy. The creators of these works are generally free to tell their own stories set in the Star Trek universe, and are free to either keep an existing continuity, or use their own. 1961 - Australia wins 5-0 over Italy. This expanded universe consists of the aforementioned animated series, books, comics, video games, etc. 1962 - Australia wins 5-0 over Mexico. Outside of the television series and motion pictures produced by Paramount pictures, the Star Trek franchise has been officially expanded and elaborated on by various authors and artists in the so-called "Star Trek Expanded Universe," despite the fact that Paramount does not consider these derivative works canon. 1963 - United States wins 3-2 over Australia.

Although the Star Trek animated series, books, comic books, video games, and other materials based on Star Trek (i.e., those licensed by Paramount Pictures) are generally considered "non-canon," there are several works which deserve mentioning, including a number of fan-made (or "fanon") productions set within the Star Trek universe. 1964 - Australia wins 3-2 over the United States. The Star Trek canon comprises the five live TV series and ten motion pictures. 1965 - Australia wins 4-1 over Spain.
. 1966 - Australia wins 4-1 over India. Although North American and UK releases of the films were no longer numbered following the sixth film, European releases continued numbering the films. 1967 - Australia wins 4-1 over Spain.

Despite fetching the lowest revenue at the box office in Star Trek history, its 2003 DVD release sold well. 1968 - United States wins 4-1 over Australia. Many critics accused it of attempting to imitate the plot (and success) of Star Trek II. 1969 - United States wins 5-0 over Romania. Another exception is X (Star Trek: Nemesis), which was one of the most critically derided Star Trek films. 1970 - United States wins 5-0 over West Germany. This is not wholly applicable, however; III followed on from the success of II, which continued into IV. 1971 - United States wins 3-2 over Romania.

This rule of thumb is most easily applicable to the first few films: Star Trek II and IV are usually at or near the top of the fan-favorites, while I and V are usually at the bottom (though I has since received quite a bit of positive re-evaluation in the wake of an acclaimed "Director's Edition" revision released on DVD). 1972 - United States wins 3-2 over Romania. A common and fondly-held superstition among fans is that the even-numbered Star Trek films are superior to the odd-numbered Star Trek films. 1973 - Australia wins 5-0 over the United States. The first six continued the adventures of the TOS cast; the later four featured the TNG cast. 1974 - South Africa wins over India (walkover). Ten Star Trek films have been produced by Paramount Pictures. 1975 - Sweden wins 3-2 over Czechoslovakia.

Although the show gained a much more positive reaction from fans during the fourth season and had become popular, Paramount cancelled the show in early 2005. 1976 - Italy wins 4-1 over Chile. During the third season Berman and Braga turned much of their leadership role to writer Manny Coto, but retained final control for themselves. 1977 - Australia wins 3-1 over Italy. Ratings for Enterprise were never particularly strong; and, as it had done during the initial airing of The Original Series, fan support during Enterprise's second and third seasons helped keep the series on the air. 1978 - United States wins 4-1 over Great Britain. Star Trek: Enterprise was promoted as being more accessible for newcomers to the Star Trek franchise, as well as for taking place during the formative years of the Federation. 1979 - United States wins 5-0 over Italy.

This series depicts the exploration of space by the crew of the Earthship Enterprise, a new, NX-class starship, which is able to go farther and faster than any humans had previously gone. 1980 - Czechoslovakia wins 4-1 over Italy. The pilot episode, "Broken Bow," takes place ten years before the founding of the Federation, about halfway between the "historic" events shown in the movie Star Trek: First Contact and the original Star Trek series. 1981 - United States wins 3-1 over Argentina. Star Trek: Enterprise (named simply Enterprise during its first two seasons and the first few episodes of its third, and abbreviated as ST:ENT or ENT) is a prequel to the other Star Trek series. 1982 - United States wins 4-1 over France. It was during this show's run that criticism of producer Rick Berman began to mount, coinciding with the growth in popularity of online discussion forums that amplified the message of a vocal group of fans who felt Berman was no longer welcome as the franchise leader. 1983 - Australia wins 3-2 over Sweden.

Although Voyager's ratings were initially solid, they fell dramatically as the show progressed. 1984 - Sweden wins 4-1 over the United States. Essentially, the USS Voyager and crew were "lost in space": the series follows the adventures of the starship Voyager and her crew, joined by Maquis resistance fighters, who have all become stranded in the Delta Quadrant, seventy thousand light years from Earth by an entity known as the "Caretaker." Unless they can find a shortcut, it will take them seventy-five years to return to Federation space. 1985 - Sweden wins 3-2 over West Germany. Star Trek: Voyager (also known as ST:VOY, ST:VGR, VOY or Voyager) was produced for seven seasons, and is the only Star Trek series to have had a female, Captain Kathryn Janeway, as the commanding officer. 1986 - Australia wins 3-2 over Sweden. Deep Space Nine sheds some of the utopian themes that embodied the previous versions of Star Trek, and focuses more on war, religion and political compromise. 1987 - Sweden wins 5-0 over India.

This immediately makes the station an important strategic asset, as well as a vital center of commerce with the largely unexplored area of space. 1988 - West Germany wins 4-1 over Sweden. In the first episode, the crew discovers the presence of a nearby, uniquely stable wormhole, which provides nearly immediate travel to and from the distant Gamma Quadrant. 1989 - West Germany wins 3-2 over Sweden. It chronicles the events surrounding the space station Deep Space Nine. 1990 - United States wins 3-2 over Australia. It introduced Avery Brooks as Commander (and, later in the series, Captain) Benjamin Sisko, the first African-American in the commanding role of a Star Trek series. 1991 - France wins 3-1 over the United States.

Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (ST:DS9 or DS9) ran for seven seasons and was the first Star Trek series to be established without any direct input from Gene Roddenberry. 1992 - United States wins 3-1 over Switzerland. Many fans, both casual and "hard-core," often treat The Next Generation as a kind of 'golden age' of Star Trek, primarily because of its broad acceptance, its viewer base, and the active influence of Roddenberry (who was alive during the first part of its run). 1993 - Germany wins 4-1 over Australia. Star Trek: The Next Generation had the highest ratings of all the Star Trek series and was the #1 syndicated show during the last few years of its original run. 1994 - Sweden wins 4-1 over Russia. Even during that time, the show was produced solely for syndication. 1995 - United States wins 3-2 over Russia.

The show gained a considerable following during its initial run. 1996 - France wins 3-2 over Sweden. It premiered on September 28, 1987, with the two-hour pilot episode, "Encounter at Farpoint," and ran for seven seasons, ending with the final two-part episode, "All Good Things..." on May 29, 1994. 1997 - Sweden wins 5-0 over the United States. Star Trek: The Next Generation (also known, colloquially, as The Next Generation, NextGen, ST:TNG, or TNG) is set nearly a century later and features a new starship (also named Enterprise) and a new crew, venturing where "no one has gone before.". 1998 - Sweden wins 4-1 over Italy. The first script of this aborted series formed the basis of Star Trek: The Motion Picture, while two others were eventually adapted as episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation. 1999 - Australia wins 3-2 over France.

However, the risks of launching a fourth network and the popularity of the then-recently released film Star Wars led Paramount to make a Star Trek film instead of a weekly television series. 2000 - Spain wins 3-1 over Australia. Sets were constructed and several minutes of test footage were filmed. 2001 - France wins 3-2 over Australia. This series would have put most of the original crew back aboard the Enterprise for a second five-year mission, except for Spock, because Leonard Nimoy did not agree to return; a younger full-blooded Vulcan named Xon was planned as a replacement, although it was still hoped that Nimoy would make guest appearances. 2002 - Russia wins 3-2 over France. Star Trek: Phase II was set to air in 1978 as the flagship series of a proposed Paramount television network, and 12 episode scripts were written before production was due to begin. 2003 - Australia wins 3-1 over Spain.

So while the series itself is not strictly canon, it has been used as "canon fodder." TAS also came back to television in the mid 1980s on the children's cable network Nickelodeon. Tommy Robredo (ESP) 7-6 (8), 6-2. Star Trek: Enterprise also incorporated several TAS concepts into canon. Mardy Fish (USA) def. Even so, elements of the animated series have worked their way into official canon, such as Kirk’s middle name, Tiberius, first revealed in TAS and made official in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country. Andy Roddick (USA) 6-2, 7-6 (1), 7-6 (5). The episode "Yesteryear" is considered by some sources such as the Star Trek Encyclopedia to be a partial exception concerning the events depicted in Spock’s youth (although it still officially remains non-canon along with the rest of TAS). Carlos Moyà (ESP) def.

However, the series is not considered to be canon, which has caused controversy among some fans. Juan Carlos Ferrero/Tommy Robredo (ESP) 6-0, 6-3, 6-2. A few episodes are especially notable due to contributions from well known science-fiction authors. Bob Bryan/Mike Bryan (USA) def. While the freedom of animation afforded large alien landscapes and exotic life forms, budget constraints were a major concern and animation quality was poor. Andy Roddick (USA) 6-7 (6), 6-2, 7-6 (6), 6-2. It featured most of the original cast performing the voices for their characters. Rafael Nadal (ESP) def.

It was produced by Filmation and ran for two seasons, with a total of 22 half-hour episodes. Mardy Fish (USA) 6-4, 6-2, 6-3. The series was aired under the name Star Trek, but it has become widely known as Star Trek: The Animated Series (or abbreviated as ST:TAS or TAS). Carlos Moyà (ESP) def. All subsequent films and television series, except the animated series of the 1970s, have secondary titles included as part of their official names. 2004 - Spain wins 3-2 over the United States

    . It has in recent years become known as Star Trek: The Original Series, abbreviated as ST:TOS or TOS, or as "Classic Trek," retronyms to distinguish it from its sequels and the franchise. Michal Mertinak (SVK), 7-6 (1), 6-3, 6-4.

    The series subsequently became phenomenally popular in syndication, ultimately spawning the film and television sequels that followed. Mario Ančić (CRO) def. The last original episode, "The Turnabout Intruder," aired on June 3, 1969. Ivan Ljubičić (CRO), 4-6, 6-3, 6-4, 3-6, 6-4. "Where No Man Has Gone Before" was the third episode aired, while "The Cage" was reworked into a two-part episode, "The Menagerie.". Dominik Hrbatý (SVK) def. Only the character of Spock remained, at Roddenberry's insistence. Dominik Hrbatý/Michal Mertinak (SVK), 7-6 (5), 6-3, 7-6 (5).

    However, an unprecedented second pilot was commissioned, "Where No Man Has Gone Before," which featured an almost entirely new cast led by Shatner. Mario Ančić/Ivan Ljubičić (CRO) def. Originally, Roddenberry had created a pilot entitled "The Cage," with a very different cast, led by veteran actor Jeffrey Hunter, which was rejected by NBC, the network that ordered the pilot through Desilu. Mario Ančić (CRO), 7-6 (4), 6-3, 6-7 (4), 6-4. The first episode aired, "The Man Trap," was actually the fifth produced. Dominik Hrbatý (SVK) def. Created by Gene Roddenberry, starring William Shatner, Leonard Nimoy, and DeForest Kelley, and co-starring James Doohan, George Takei, Nichelle Nichols, Majel Barrett, and (later) Walter Koenig, it told the tale of the crew of the starship Enterprise of the United Federation of Planets and Starfleet and their adventures "to boldly go where no man has gone before.". Karol Kučera (SVK), 6-3, 6-4, 6-3.

    Star Trek debuted on NBC on September 8, 1966, having aired in Canada some days earlier. Ivan Ljubičić (CRO) def. There have been five live-action Star Trek series and an animated series, altogether comprising (as of May 2005) a total of 726 individual aired episodes (not including the original unaired pilot) and thirty seasons’ worth of television. 2005 - Croatia wins 3-2 over Slovakia

      . Whitfield and Gene Roddenberry, it had been in the planning stages for at least six years prior to this. Star Trek originated as a television series in 1966, although according to The Making of Star Trek by Stephen E.

      . Star Trek (or sometimes merely "Trek") is one of the most popular names in the history of science fiction entertainment, and one of the most popular franchises in television history. It depicts an optimistic, almost utopian future in which humanity has largely overcome such traditional frailities and vices as sickness, racism, poverty, environmental destructiveness, intolerance, religion and warfare on Earth, and has united with other intelligent species in the galaxy; the central characters explore the galaxy, discovering new worlds and encountering new civilizations, while helping to promote peace and understanding. Star Trek collectively refers to a science-fiction franchise spanning six unique television series, 726 episodes and ten motion pictures in addition to hundreds of novels, video games, fan stories and other works of fiction all set within the same fictional universe created by Gene Roddenberry in the mid-1960s.

      I'm Working on That: A Trek from Science Fiction to Science Fact by William Shatner and Chip Walter (Pocket Books, 2002). with Ed Robertson (HarperCollins, 2000). The Ethics of Star Trek by Judith Barad Ph.D. Get a Life! by William Shatner and Chris Kreski (Pocket Books, 1999).

      Future Perfect: How Star Trek Conquered Planet Earth by Jeff Greenwald (Viking Press, 1998). Justman (Pocket Books, 1996). Solow and Robert H. Inside Star Trek: The Real Story by Herbert F.

      Ono, Elyce Rae Helford (Westview Press, 1996). Enterprise Zones: Critical Positions on Star Trek, edited by Taylor Harrison, Sarah Projansky, Kent A. City on the Edge of Forever by Harlan Ellison (White Wolf Publishing, 1996). Krauss (Basic Books, 1995).

      The Physics of Star Trek by Lawrence M. Beyond Uhura by Nichelle Nichols (Putnam, 1994). Star Trek Movie Memories by William Shatner and Chris Kreski (HarperCollins, 1994). Star Trek Memories by William Shatner and Chris Kreski (HarperCollins, 1993).

      On the Good Ship Enterprise: My 15 Years with Star Trek by Bjo Trimble (Donning Starblaze, 1983). A Star Trek Catalog edited by Gerry Turnbull (Grosset & Dunlap, 1979). The Making of the Trek Conventions by Joan Winston (Doubleday Books/Playboy Press, 1977). Star Trek Lives! by Jacqueline Lichtenberg, Sondra Marshak, and Joan Winston (Bantam Books, 1975).

      The World of Star Trek by David Gerrold (Ballantine Books, 1973; revised edition, Bluejay Books, 1984). The Trouble with Tribbles by David Gerrold (Ballantine, 1973). Whitfield (Ballantine Books, 1968). The Making of Star Trek by Gene Roddenberry and Stephen E.