Pope Benedict XVI

On December 21, 2005, the pope began wearing the camauro for his general audiences; the traditional papal hat had not been seen since the pontificate of John XXIII (1958 - 1963). Since then, several other countries have gone on to capture the trophy. Pope Benedict XVI has also taken up the use of the red papal tabarro (outdoor cloak), which Pope John Paul II did not use after 1995. However India refused to play in the final that year in protest against the South African government's apartheid policies, thus handing South Africa a walk-over victory. His house cassock (his soutane or cassock with shoulder cape) also includes the upper half-sleeves discontinued for all other clerics by the authority of Paul VI's Motu Proprio "Pontificalis Domus". Their domination was broken in 1974, when South Africa and India qualified for the final. He has also worn the red satin mozzetta and its ermine-trimmed winter version that has not been seen since Pope Paul VI. Up to 1973, the Davis Cup had only ever been won by the U.S.A., Great Britain, France and Australia/Australasia.

He has revived the use of the red papal buskins. has won the event the most times (31), followed by Australia (23 [28 including Australasia]), France and Great Britain (9 each)[Includes British Isles 5], Sweden (7), and Australasia (5). During his installment address, he spoke at length about the significance of one item of vestiture: the pallium, and has reverted to an ancient form of the pallium worn by first millennium pontiffs. Since inception, the U.S.A. Pope Benedict XVI has been using papal clothing which had previously fallen into disuse. From 1950 to 1967, Australia dominated the competition, winning the Cup 15 times in 18 years. The canonizations were part of a Mass that marked the conclusion of the Synod of Bishops and the Year of the Eucharist.[36]. (Dwight Davis became a prominent politician in the United States in the 1920s, serving as Secretary of War from 1925-29 and as Governor General of the Philippines from 1929-32.).

Peter's Square when he canonized Josef Bilczewski, Alberto Hurtado SJ and three others. It was renamed the Davis Cup following the death of Dwight Davis in 1945. Pope Benedict XVI celebrated his first Canonizations on October 23, 2005 in St. The tournament was initially known as the International Lawn Tennis Challenge. On 29 September 2005 the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued a communiqué announcing that henceforth beatifications would be celebrated by a representative of the Pope, usually the Prefect of that Congregation. By 1905 the tournament expanded to include Belgium, Austria, France, and Australasia, a combined team from Australia and New Zealand that competed together until 1913. Unlike his predecessor, Benedict XVI delegated the beatification liturgical service to a Cardinal. The following year the two countries did not compete but the US won the next match in 1902.

The new Blesseds were Mother Marianne Cope and Mother Ascensión Nicol Goñi. The American team, of which Dwight Davis was a part, surprised the British by winning the first three matches. The first beatification under the new Pope was celebrated on May 14, 2005 by José Cardinal Saraiva Martins. The first match, between the United States and Great Britain was held in Boston, Massachusetts in 1900. [35]. Davis, designed a tournament format and spent the money from his own pocket to purchase an appropriate sterling silver trophy. Normally the beatification process for a person does not begin until five years have passed since his or her death, but due to the popularity of John Paul II — devotees chanted "Santo subito!" meaning "Saint now!" during the late pontiff's funeral — Benedict XVI dispensed with the rule and styled the late pope with the title given to all those being scrutinized in the beatification process, Servant of God. Once the idea received the go ahead from the respective lawn tennis associations, one of the four Harvard players, Dwight F.

On May 9, 2005, Benedict XVI began the beatification process for his immediate predecessor, John Paul II. The tournament was conceived in 1899 by four members of the Harvard University tennis team who came up with the idea of challenging the British to a tennis showdown. Levada relinquished his see in San Francisco on August 17, 2005 and is expected to be made a Cardinal in a future consistory. . Though elements of the press have chosen to present Levada as a staunch conservative for his involvement with the drafting of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, his private views and public policies have not been entirely clear. The women's equivalent of the Davis Cup is the Fed Cup (known as the Federation Cup before 1995). On May 13, 2005, Benedict XVI appointed a non-Cardinal, William Joseph Levada, Archbishop of San Francisco in the United States of America. If a team has clinched the rubber before all 5 matches are played, any remaining reverse singles matches are shortened to best-of-3 sets.

Benedict's only major new appointment was that of his successor as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. All rubbers are normally best-of-5 sets. The principal political officer, the Cardinal Secretary of State (often likened to the pope's Prime Minister), remains Angelo Cardinal Sodano, an Italian. There is no restriction on which of the playing team members plays the doubles match: the two singles players, two other players (usually doubles specialists) or a combination. This assured an easy transition into a new pontificate. In the past, teams could only substitute final day singles players when the result of the tie had already been determined, but nowadays the rules allow teams to select any playing team member to play the last two singles matches provided that first day matchups are not repeated. Since their terms had ended on the death of the previous pope, Benedict reappointed after his election all former senior officers of the Roman Curia, though most only in a provisional manner. On the Thursday before play starts schedule of play is randomly drawn to decide the pairings of the nominated singles players in the first two rubbers.

This has drawn a sharp criticism by Catholic gay rights advocates like journalist Andrew Sullivan, who claim that Benedict is espousing a form of fundamentalist edict and is opposed to an outside questioning of his doctrines. The captain of each nation is able to nominate a squad of four players for each tie and he decides which of these players will compete in the first three rubbers. John Lateran basilica on June 6, 2005, Benedict remarked on the issues of same-sex marriage and abortion:. If the tie has already been decided in favour of one of the teams, it is common for younger lower-ranked team members to play the remaining 'dead-rubbers' in order for them to gain Davis Cup experience. In an address to a conference of the Diocese of Rome held at St. On the third day, the final two matches are typically reverse singles in which the first-day contestants traditionally play again, but swap opponents from the first day's singles matches. In the discussion with secularism and rationalism, one of Benedict's basic ideas can be found in his address on the "Crisis of Culture" in the West, a day before Pope John Paul II died, when he referred to Christianity as the Religion of the Word (in the original Greek, Logos, reason, meaning, intelligence). A doubles match is played on the second day.

He also traced the failed revolutions and violent ideologies of the 20th century to a conversion of partial points of view into absolute guides: "Absolutizing what is not absolute but relative is called totalitarianism," he said during World Youth Day. On the Friday, the first two matches are singles, generally between the two best available players of each country. Continuing what he said in the pre-conclave Mass about what he has often referred to as the "central problem of our faith today": [31] the world "moving towards a dictatorship of relativism", [32] on June 6, 2005 he also said:. Each World Group 'tie' between two competing nations consists of 5 matches (known as 'rubbers') carried out over the course of three days, usually Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. It is a message that helps to overcome what can be considered the great temptation of our time: the claim, that after the Big Bang, God withdrew from history." [30]. Countries aspire to compete in the elite World Group of 16 nations which comprises four rounds of competition spread over four weekends during the year. speaking to him as to a friend, knowing well that the Lord really is the true friend of everyone, even of those who cannot do great things on their own...that God is working today, and that all we have to do is put ourselves at his disposal...is an extremely important message. In 2005 134 nations entered teams into the competition.

[29] He also said: "Truly we are all able, we are all called to open ourselves to this friendship with God.. The largest annual team competition in sport, the Davis Cup is run by the International Tennis Federation and is contested between teams of players from competing countries in a knock-out format. For example, his address to the priests of Rome, his diocese as bishop, [27], to the cardinals in the pre-conclave, a key public address to the Church's top leaders [28], and to 150,000 people among whom were children going to their First Communion. The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in men's tennis. "Friendship with Jesus Christ" is a theme of his preaching which is found in many of his homilies and his addresses. Chile. After referring to John Paul II's well-known words (Do not be afraid! Open wide the doors for Christ!), Benedict XVI says:. United States or Romania vs.

According to commentators, during the Inaugural Mass, the core of his message, the most moving and famous part, is found in the last paragraph of his homily where he referred to both Jesus Christ and John Paul II. Russia. The emphases of his teachings are stated in more detail in Theology of Pope Benedict XVI. France vs. As Pope, Benedict XVI's main role is to teach about the Catholic faith and the solutions to the problems of the faith, a role that he can play well being a former head of the Church's Congregation of the Faith. Switzerland or Australia. In a return to tradition, Benedict chose to resurrect the tradition of delegating the celebration of the beatification liturgies. Belarus vs.

However, all the cardinals had already sworn their obedience upon his election. Argentina. During his inaugural Mass, the previous custom of all the cardinals submitting was replaced by having 12 people, representing cardinals, clergy, religious, a married couple and their child, and newly confirmed people, submit to him. Croatia vs. Since it is the shield and not the background which is unique to the individual Pope, various backgrounds are possible (though rarely used) for even a single shield. Slovakia 3-0 in Rancagua, Chile. Benedict's coat of arms has officially omitted the papal tiara, traditionally appearing in the background to designate the Pope's position and replaced it with a simple mitre.^[25] However, there have been papal documents since his inauguration that have been appearing with the papal tiara present. Chile def.

It is notable that he has used an open popemobile, saying that he wants to be closer to the people. United States leads Romania 2-1 in La Jolla, California, United States. Pope Benedict has confounded the expectations of many in the early days of his papacy by his gentle public persona and his promise to listen. Netherlands 3-0 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Peter's Square, on April 27, 2005, to explain to the world why he chose the name:. Russia def. Benedict XVI used his first General Audience in St. Germany 3-0 in Halle, Germany.

The choice of the regnal name Benedict (Latin "the blessed") is significant. France def. John Lateran. Australia are level with Switzerland 2-2 in Geneva, Switzerland. (Some sources, such as the Catholic Encyclopedia and a number of church historians, additionally count Pope Stephen II, who died before being consecrated.) Then, on May 7, he was enthroned in a mass at the Basilica of St. Spain 3-0 in Minsk, Belarus. Peters, formally becoming the 265th pope by the official Vatican reckoning. Belarus def.

On April 24, he was inaugurated in St. Sweden 3-0 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He then gave the blessing to the people. Argentina def. At the balcony, Benedict's first words to the crowd, given in Italian before he gave the traditional Urbi et Orbi blessing in Latin, were:. Austria 3-0 in Graz, Austria. Cardinal Medina Estévez first addressed the massive crowd as "dear(est) brothers and sisters" in Italian, Spanish, French, German and English — each language receiving cheers from the international crowd — before continuing with the traditional Habemus Papam announcement in Latin. Croatia def.

Before his first appearance at the balcony of Saint Peter's Basilica after becoming pope, he was announced by the Jorge Cardinal Medina Estévez, protodeacon of the College of Cardinals. 1900 - United States wins 3-0 over Great Britain. Cardinal Ratzinger had hoped to retire peacefully and said that "At a certain point, I prayed to God 'please don't do this to me'...Evidently, this time He didn't listen to me." ^[23]. 1901 - no tournament. Leo IX, the most important German pope of the Middle Ages, known for instituting major reforms during his pontificate. 1902 - United States wins 3-2 over Great Britain. Coincidentally, April 19 is the feast of St. 1903 - Great Britain wins 4-1 over the United States.

On April 19, 2005, Cardinal Ratzinger was elected as the successor to Pope John Paul II on the second day of the papal conclave after four ballots. 1904 - Great Britain wins 5-0 over Belgium. Despite being the favourite (or perhaps because he was the favourite), it was a surprise to many that he was actually elected. 1905 - Great Britain wins 5-0 over the United States. The elections of both John Paul II and his predecessor, John Paul I had been rather unexpected. 1906 - Great Britain wins 5-0 over the United States. Though Ratzinger was increasingly considered the front runner by much of the international media, others maintained that his election was far from certain since very few papal predictions in modern history had come true. 1907 - Australasia wins 3-2 over Great Britain.

Piers Paul Read wrote in The Spectator on March 5, 2005:. 1908 - Australasia wins 3-2 over the United States. Ratzinger himself had repeatedly stated he would like to retire to a Bavarian village and dedicate himself to writing books, but more recently, he told friends he was ready to "accept any charge God placed on him.". 1909 - Australasia wins 5-0 over the United States. In April 2005, before his election as pope, he was identified as one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine. 1910 - no tournament. On the death of John Paul II, the Financial Times gave the odds of Ratzinger becoming pope as 7–1, the lead position, but close to his rivals on the liberal wing of the church. 1911 - Australasia wins 5-0 over the United States.

On January 2, 2005, Time magazine quoted unnamed Vatican sources as saying that Ratzinger was a frontrunner to succeed John Paul II should the pope die or become too ill to continue as pope. 1912 - Great Britain wins 3-2 over Australasia. A careful reading of the text will probably prove disappointing.". 1913 - United States wins 3-2 over Great Britain. He was quoted in the media as stating, "No great mystery is revealed; nor is the future unveiled. 1914 - Australia wins 3-2 over the United States. On June 26, 2000, following the release of the text of the prophecy, Ratzinger issued a joint statement with Cardinal Bertone that the third and final chapter of Mary's prophecy had been fulfilled in 1981 in a failed attempt on the Pope's life. 1915 to 1918 - no tournament due to World War I.

In 1997, Ratzinger and Capovilla publicly stated that the Third Message was not being withheld for fears it would condemn the changes of the Vatican II council. 1919 - Australia wins 4-1 over Great Britain. In October 1987 he stated that "the things contained in [the] Third Secret correspond to what has been announced in Scripture and has been said again and again in many other Marian apparitions; first of all, that of Fatima in what is already known of what its message contains, conversion and penitence are the essential conditions for salvation". 1920 - United States wins 5-0 over Australia. A year later, the interview was re-published in The Ratzinger Report, although several statements were omitted. 1921 - United States wins 5-0 over Japan. In 1984, an interview with Ratzinger was published in the Pauline Sisters newsletter and states that the message deals with "dangers threatening the faith and the life of the Christian and therefore of the world", while stating that it marks the beginning of the end-times. 1922 - United States wins 4-1 over Australia.

He was one of seven people known to have read the actual Third Message put into writing in 1944, and the author of the Theological Commentary on the Third Message, published with the message itself in 2000. 1923 - United States wins 4-1 over Australia. Until her death, Lúcia dos Santos, the last surviving of the three Fatima visionaries, was forbidden to discuss the Fatima revelations publicly unless given leave by Cardinal Ratzinger. 1924 - United States wins 5-0 over Australia. In defending Dominus Iesus, Ratzinger himself has stated that his belief is that inter-faith dialogue should take place on the basis of equal human dignity, but that equality of human dignity should not imply that each side is equally correct. 1925 - United States wins 5-0 over France. They point out that Ratzinger has been very active in promoting inter-faith dialogue. 1926 - United States wins 4-1 over France.

Others also maintain that single quotes from Dominus Iesus are not indicative of intolerance or an unwillingness to engage in dialogue with other faiths, and this is clear from a reading of the entire document. 1927 - France wins 3-2 over the United States. His defenders argue that it is to be expected that a leader within the Catholic Church would forcefully and explicitly argue in favor of the superiority of Catholicism over other religions. 1928 - France wins 4-1 over the United States. He said Turkey had always been "in permanent contrast to Europe" and that linking it to Europe would be a mistake.^[22]. 1929 - France wins 3-2 over the United States. In an interview in 2004 for Le Figaro magazine, Ratzinger said that Turkey, a country Muslim by heritage and staunchly secularist by its state constitution, should seek its future in an association of Islamic nations rather than the European Union, which has Christian roots. 1930 - France wins 4-1 over the United States.

^[21]. 1931 - France wins 3-2 over Great Britain. The Dalai Lama congratulated Pope Benedict XVI upon his election. 1932 - France wins 3-2 over the United States. The World Jewish Congress "welcomed" his election to the pontificate, noted "his great sensitivity to the Jewish history and the Holocaust," and quoted the Pope in its press release:. 1933 - Great Britain wins 3-2 over France. The deliberate omission of the "filioque" clause ("and the Son") in the first paragraph ^[18] is seen as an outreach to the Greek Orthodox Church which has been in conflict with the Latin Catholic Church over its addition to the Nicene Creed for about one thousand years.^[19]. 1934 - Great Britain wins 4-1 over the United States.

Addressing the question that one religion is as a good as another (syncretism or indifferentism), it states, "...followers of other religions can receive divine grace, it is also certain that objectively speaking they are in a gravely deficient situation in comparison with those who, in the Church, have the fullness of the means of salvation." (par.22). 1935 - Great Britain wins 5-0 over the United States. 4). 1936 - Great Britain wins 3-2 over Australia. (par. 1937 - United States wins 4-1 over Great Britain. This document pointed out the danger to the Church of relativistic theories which seek to justify religious pluralism by denying that God has revealed truth to humanity. 1938 - United States wins 3-2 over Australia.

^[17]. 1939 - Australia wins 3-2 over the United States. This was misunderstood by some who mistakenly believed that the Church had previously repudiated its unique role in the world. 1940 to 1945 - no tournament due to World War II. In 2000, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith published a document entitled Dominus Iesus, which reaffirmed the historic doctrine and mission of the Church to proclaim the Gospel. 1946 - United States wins 5-0 over Australia. ^[16]. 1947 - United States wins 4-1 over Australia.

Shortly after his election, he told Francis Cardinal George, the Archbishop of Chicago, that he would attend to the matter. 1948 - United States wins 5-0 over Australia. ^[15] His Good Friday reflections in 2005 were interpreted as strongly condemning and regretting the abuse scandals, which largely put to rest the speculation of indifference. 1949 - United States wins 4-1 over Australia. ^[14] A report by the Catholic Church itself estimated that some 4,450 of the Roman Catholic clergy who served between 1950 and 2002 have faced credible accusations of abuse. 1950 - Australia wins 4-1 over United States. In 2002, Ratzinger told the Catholic News Service that "less than one percent of priests are guilty of acts of this type." ^[13] Opponents saw this as ignoring the crimes of those who committed the abuse; others saw it as merely pointing out that this should not taint other priests who live respectable lives. 1951 - Australia wins 3-2 over the United States.

^[12]. 1952 - Australia wins 4-1 over the United States. In past eras, some serious crimes by priests against sexual morality, including pedophilia, were handled by that congregation or its predecessor, the Holy Office, but this has not been true in recent years." ^[9] The promulgation of the norms by Pope John Paul II and the subsequent letter by the then Prefect of the CDF were published in 2001 in Acta Apostolicae Sedis ^[10] which, in accordance with the Code of Canon Law ^[11], is the Holy See's official journal, disseminated monthly to thousands of libraries and offices around the world. 1953 - Australia wins 3-2 over the United States. "The letter said the new norms reflected the CDF's traditional “exclusive competence” regarding delicta graviora—Latin for “graver offenses.” According to canon law experts in Rome, reserving cases of clerical sexual abuse of minors to the CDF is something new. 1954 - United States wins 3-2 over Australia. ^[8] However, the letter did not discourage victims from reporting the abuse itself to the police; the secrecy related to the internal investigation. 1955 - Australia wins 5-0 over the United States.

However, when the crime is sexual abuse of a minor, the "prescription begins to run from the day on that which the minor completes the eighteenth year of age." ^[7] Lawyers acting for two alleged victims of abuse in Texas claim that by sending the letter the cardinal conspired to obstruct justice. 1956 - Australia wins 5-0 over the United States. The letter extended the prescription (statute of limitations) for these crimes to ten years. 1957 - Australia wins 3-2 over the United States. As part of the implementation of the norms enacted and promulgated ^[5] on April 30, 2001 by Pope John Paul II, on May 18, 2001 Ratzinger sent a letter ^[6] to every bishop in the Catholic Church reminding them of the strict penalties facing those who revealed confidential details concerning enquiries into allegations against priests of certain grave ecclesiastical crimes, including sexual abuse, reserved to the jurisdiction of the CDF. 1958 - United States wins 3-2 over Australia. ^[4]. 1959 - Australia wins 3-2 over the United States.

As Cardinal Ratzinger was Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF), the sexual abuse of minors by priests was his responsibility to investigate from 2001, when that charge was given to the CDF by Pope John Paul II. 1960 - Australia wins 4-1 over Italy. Because of these health problems, and in order to have time free to write, he had hoped to retire, but had continued at his post in obedience to the wishes of Pope John Paul II.^[3]. 1961 - Australia wins 5-0 over Italy. France's Philippe Cardinal Barbarin further revealed that since the first stroke, Ratzinger has suffered from a heart condition. 1962 - Australia wins 5-0 over Mexico. In May 2005, the Vatican revealed that he had subsequently suffered another mild stroke - it did not reveal when, other than that it occurred between 2003 and 2005. 1963 - United States wins 3-2 over Australia.

The existence of the stroke was known to the Conclave that elected him pope. 1964 - Australia wins 3-2 over the United States. In the early 1990s Ratzinger suffered a stroke, which slightly impaired his eyesight temporarily. 1965 - Australia wins 4-1 over Spain. (See also Theology of Pope Benedict XVI.). 1966 - Australia wins 4-1 over India. During his period in office, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith took disciplinary measures against some outspoken liberation theologians in Latin America in the 1980s. 1967 - Australia wins 4-1 over Spain.

In office, Ratzinger fulfilled his institutional role, defending and reaffirming official Catholic doctrine, including teaching on topics such as birth control, homosexuality, and inter-religious dialogue. 1968 - United States wins 4-1 over Australia. He was promoted with the College of Cardinals to become to Cardinal Bishop of Velletri-Segni in 1993, was made the College's vice-dean in 1998 and dean in 2002. 1969 - United States wins 5-0 over Romania. Consequently, he resigned his post at Munich in early 1982. 1970 - United States wins 5-0 over West Germany. On November 25, 1981, Pope John Paul II named Ratzinger Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, formerly known as the Holy Office, the historical Inquisition. 1971 - United States wins 3-2 over Romania.

Of these only he and Cardinal William Baum took part in the Conclave. 1972 - United States wins 3-2 over Romania. By the time of the 2005 Conclave, he was one of only 14 remaining cardinals appointed by Paul VI, and one of only three of those under the age of 80. 1973 - Australia wins 5-0 over the United States. In the consistory of June 1977, he was named a cardinal by Pope Paul VI. 1974 - South Africa wins over India (walkover). He took as his episcopal motto Cooperatores Veritatis, co-workers of the Truth, from 3 John: 8, a choice he comments upon in his autobiographical work, Milestones. 1975 - Sweden wins 3-2 over Czechoslovakia.

In March 1977, Ratzinger was appointed Archbishop of Munich and Freising. 1976 - Italy wins 4-1 over Chile. Until his election as Pope, he remained one of the journal's most prolific contributors. 1977 - Australia wins 3-1 over Italy. Communio, now published in seventeen editions (German, English, Spanish and many others), has become a prominent journal of Catholic thought. 1978 - United States wins 4-1 over Great Britain. In 1972, he founded the theological journal Communio with Hans Urs von Balthasar, Henri de Lubac, Walter Kasper and others. 1979 - United States wins 5-0 over Italy.

Increasingly, his views, despite his reformist bent, contrasted with those liberal ideas gaining currency theological circles.^[2] In 1969, he returned to Bavaria, to the University of Regensburg. 1980 - Czechoslovakia wins 4-1 over Italy. Ratzinger came increasingly to see these and associated developments (such as decreasing respect for authority among his students, the rise of the German gay rights movement) as related to a departure from traditional Catholic teachings. 1981 - United States wins 3-1 over Argentina. During this time, he distanced himself from the atmosphere of Tübingen and the Marxist leanings of the student movement of the 1960s, that in Germany quickly radicalised in the years 1967 and 1968, culminating in a series of disturbances and riots in April and May 1968. 1982 - United States wins 4-1 over France. These sentences, however, did not appear in later editions of the book. 1983 - Australia wins 3-2 over Sweden.

He also wrote that the Church of the time was too centralized, rule-bound and overly controlled from Rome. 1984 - Sweden wins 4-1 over the United States. In his 1968 book Introduction to Christianity, he wrote that the pope has a duty to hear differing voices within the Church before making a decision, and downplayed the centrality of the papacy. 1985 - Sweden wins 3-2 over West Germany. In 1966, he was appointed to a chair in dogmatic theology at the University of Tübingen, where he was a colleague of Hans Küng. 1986 - Australia wins 3-2 over Sweden. (Later, as the Prefect for the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Ratzinger most clearly spelled out the Catholic Church's position on other religions in the document Dominus Iesus (2000) which also talks about the proper way to engage in ecumenical dialogue.). 1987 - Sweden wins 5-0 over India.

He was viewed during the time of the Council as a reformer. 1988 - West Germany wins 4-1 over Sweden. At the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), Ratzinger served as a peritus or theological consultant to Josef Cardinal Frings of Cologne, Germany, and has continued to defend the council, including Nostra Aetate, the document on respect of other religions and the declaration of the right to religious freedom. 1989 - West Germany wins 3-2 over Sweden. Ratzinger became a professor at the University of Bonn in 1959; his inaugural lecture was on "The God of Faith and the God of Philosophy." In 1963, he moved to the University of Münster, where his inaugural lecture was given in a packed lecture hall, as he was already well known as a theologian. 1990 - United States wins 3-2 over Australia. It was completed in 1957 and he became a professor of Freising College in 1958. 1991 - France wins 3-1 over the United States.

His Habilitationsschrift (which qualified him for a professorship) was on Bonaventure. 1992 - United States wins 3-1 over Switzerland. Joseph Ratzinger's dissertation (1953) was on Augustine, entitled "The People and the House of God in Augustine's Doctrine of the Church". 1993 - Germany wins 4-1 over Australia. They were both ordained on June 29, 1951 by Michael Cardinal von Faulhaber of Munich. 1994 - Sweden wins 4-1 over Russia. Following repatriation in 1945, the two brothers entered Saint Michael Seminary in Traunstein, and then studied at the Ducal Georgianum (Herzogliches Georgianum) of the Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich. 1995 - United States wins 3-2 over Russia.

The family was reunited when his brother, Georg, returned after being repatriated from a prisoner-of-war camp in Italy. 1996 - France wins 3-2 over Sweden. Ratzinger was briefly interned in an Allied prisoner-of-war camp near Ulm and was repatriated on June 19, 1945. 1997 - Sweden wins 5-0 over the United States. His unit served at various posts around the city and was never sent to the front. 1998 - Sweden wins 4-1 over Italy. He was eventually drafted into the German army at Munich to receive basic infantry training in the nearby town of Traunstein. 1999 - Australia wins 3-2 over France.

After his class was released from the Corps in September 1944, Ratzinger was put to work setting up anti-tank defences in the Hungarian border area of Austria in preparation for the expected Red Army offensive. 2000 - Spain wins 3-1 over Australia. In 1943, when he was 16, Ratzinger was drafted with many of his classmates into the Luftwaffenhelfer programme. 2001 - France wins 3-2 over Australia. According to one of Ratzinger's biographers, the National Catholic Reporter correspondent John Allen, he was an unenthusiastic member who refused to attend meetings. 2002 - Russia wins 3-2 over France. Following his 14th birthday in 1941, Ratzinger joined the Hitler Youth, membership of which was legally required from December 1936^[1]. 2003 - Australia wins 3-1 over Spain.

Struck by the Cardinal's distinctive costume, later that day he announced he wanted to be a cardinal. Tommy Robredo (ESP) 7-6 (8), 6-2. At the age of five, Ratzinger was in a group of children who welcomed the visiting Cardinal Archbishop of Munich with flowers. Mardy Fish (USA) def. The pope's relatives agree that his priestly vocation was apparent from boyhood. Andy Roddick (USA) 6-2, 7-6 (1), 7-6 (5). His sister, Maria Ratzinger, who never married, managed Cardinal Ratzinger's household until her death in 1991. Carlos Moyà (ESP) def.

Pope Benedict's brother, Georg, a priest and former director of the Regensburger Domspatzen choir, is still alive. Juan Carlos Ferrero/Tommy Robredo (ESP) 6-0, 6-3, 6-2. He was the third and youngest child of Joseph Ratzinger, Sr., a police officer, and Maria Ratzinger (née Peintner). Bob Bryan/Mike Bryan (USA) def. He was baptized the same day. Andy Roddick (USA) 6-7 (6), 6-2, 7-6 (6), 6-2. Joseph Alois Ratzinger was born on 16th April, Holy Saturday, 1927 at Schulstrasse 11, his parents' home in Marktl am Inn, Bavaria. Rafael Nadal (ESP) def.

He plays the piano and has a preference for Mozart and Beethoven. Mardy Fish (USA) 6-4, 6-2, 6-3. He is a member of a large number of academies, such as the French Académie des sciences morales et politiques. Carlos Moyà (ESP) def. He can read ancient Greek and biblical Hebrew. 2004 - Spain wins 3-2 over the United States