Picnic
In contemporary usage, picnic can be defined simply as a pleasure excursion at which a meal is eaten outdoors, ideally, taking place in a beautiful landscape. Formerly, picnic meant a potluck, an entertainment at which each person contributed some dish to a common table for all to share. The first usage of the word was traced to a 16th century French text, describing a group of people dining in a restaurant who brought their own wine. A theory has it that the word picnic is based on the verb piquer which means 'pick' or 'peck' with the rhyming nique perhaps meaning trifle. The 1692 edition of Origines de la Langue Françoise de Ménage, which mentions 'piquenique' as being of recent origin, marks the first appearance of the word in print. The word picnic first appeared in English texts in the mid-1700s, and may have entered the English language from this French word or from the German Picknick. Language
Law
Related historical eventsAfter the French Revolution in 1789, royal parks became open to the public for the first time. Picnicking in the parks became a popular activity amongst the newly enfranchised citizens. Early in the 19th century, a fashionable group of Londoners formed the 'Picnic Society'. Members met in the Pantheon on Oxford Street. Each member was expected to provide a share of the entertainment and of the refreshments with no one particular host. Interest in the society waned in the 1850s as the founders died. The image of picnics as a peaceful social activity can be utilised for political protest too. In this context, a picnic functions as a temporary occupation of significant public territory. A famous example of this is the Paneuropean Picnic held on both sides of the Hungarian / Austrian border on the August 19, 1989 as part of the struggle towards German reunification. In the year 2000, a 600-mile-long picnic took place from coast to coast in France to celebrate the first Bastille Day of the new Millennium. In the United States, likewise, the 4th of July celebration of American independence is a popular day for a picnic. Le déjeuner sur l'herbe (Manet, 1862)Picnics in the fine artsPerhaps the most famous depiction of a picnic is Le déjeuner sur l'herbe, painted by Edouard Manet in 1862. In literature
In film
In music
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Perhaps the most famous depiction of a picnic is Le déjeuner sur l'herbe, painted by Edouard Manet in 1862. The pod race sequence on Tatooine appears heavily influenced, if not lifted wholesale, from the chariot race in Ben-Hur. In the United States, likewise, the 4th of July celebration of American independence is a popular day for a picnic. While Akira Kurosawa's The Hidden Fortress has often been seen as a source of inspiration for Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, The Phantom Menace's middle section on Tatooine , with its series of non-violent bargaining and twists of chance, demonstrates the strongest correspondence to Japanese film in the saga. In the year 2000, a 600-mile-long picnic took place from coast to coast in France to celebrate the first Bastille Day of the new Millennium. Given Lucas' penchant for layered meanings in these movies, it is arguable that all these interpretations contain a grain of truth. A famous example of this is the Paneuropean Picnic held on both sides of the Hungarian / Austrian border on the August 19, 1989 as part of the struggle towards German reunification. Whilst the heroes are focused on combating the threat to Naboo, they are unwitting pawns in a connivance of far greater scope. In this context, a picnic functions as a temporary occupation of significant public territory. The keystone of the plot is the plight of the Naboo arousing a sympathy vote in the Senate. The image of picnics as a peaceful social activity can be utilised for political protest too. In this sense, the key outcome of this movie is the elevation of Palpatine to the office of Chancellor - an outcome that would have resulted had the Trade Federation's gambit succeeded or failed. Each member was expected to provide a share of the entertainment and of the refreshments with no one particular host. Interest in the society waned in the 1850s as the founders died. A further theory is based upon the understanding that the central menace of the movie, the Neimoidian dominated Trade Federation's blockade and invasion of Naboo, is itself nothing more than a phantom, a piece of political misdirection wrought by Darth Sidious as part of the machinations designed to bring about the ultimate victory of the Sith. Members met in the Pantheon on Oxford Street. So the 'phantom' in the title of Episode I could be referring to the Dark Lord of the Sith and ‘menace’ to the meaning of the name 'Sidious.' Another possible meaning of the title is a subtle indication at the ultimate outcome of the Saga--Anakin becomes Darth Vader. Early in the 19th century, a fashionable group of Londoners formed the 'Picnic Society'. (Of persons and things.). Picnicking in the parks became a popular activity amongst the newly enfranchised citizens. Full of wiles or plots; lying in wait or seeking to entrap or ensnare; proceeding or operating secretly or subtly so as not to excite suspicion; sly, treacherous, deceitful, underhand, artful, cunning, crafty, wily. After the French Revolution in 1789, royal parks became open to the public for the first time. The Oxford English Dictionary gives following definition:. The word picnic first appeared in English texts in the mid-1700s, and may have entered the English language from this French word or from the German Picknick. The title could also refer to the origin of Darth Sidious' name, which is the adjective 'insidious'. The 1692 edition of Origines de la Langue Françoise de Ménage, which mentions 'piquenique' as being of recent origin, marks the first appearance of the word in print. It is usually suggested that the title refers to Darth Sidious, Darth Maul, or the Sith in general. A theory has it that the word picnic is based on the verb piquer which means 'pick' or 'peck' with the rhyming nique perhaps meaning trifle. There is a great deal of speculation as to what the title, "The Phantom Menace", refers to; the titles of the other films seem to generally be self-explanatory. The first usage of the word was traced to a 16th century French text, describing a group of people dining in a restaurant who brought their own wine. One, known as The Phantom Edit, is regarded as a superior version by many who have seen both. Formerly, picnic meant a potluck, an entertainment at which each person contributed some dish to a common table for all to share. A number of people anonymously re-edited the film and released their edited versions over the Internet. In contemporary usage, picnic can be defined simply as a pleasure excursion at which a meal is eaten outdoors, ideally, taking place in a beautiful landscape. Many fans felt this was unnecessary and ruins an aspect of the saga which sets it apart from other popular sci-fi titles in which religion and spirituality are of little importance or totally absent. "Stone Soul Picnic", by Laura Nyro (released in 1968) It was a major hit for the group Fifth Dimension. cover version by Swing Out Sister (http://www.swingoutsister.com/albums/lyrics/shapes_and_patterns_lyrics.html). Another source of dissatisfaction comes from the decision to explain the Force in terms of hard science, hence the introduction of midi-chlorians. lyrics and audio from the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies/tweenies/songtime/songs/t/teddybearspicnic.shtml). Fan reaction was mixed. This perennial favorite has appeared on many children's recordings ever since. Special venom was directed at the character of Jar Jar Binks, who was regarded by most of the older fan community as purely a merchandising opportunity rather than a serious character in the film. Teddy Bear Picnic resurfaced again in the late 1940s and early 1950s when it was used as the theme song for the Big John and Sparky radio program, a children's show presented on Saturday mornings. Some aspects of the scripting were also criticised. The song regained prominence in 1932 when the Irish lyricist Jimmy Kennedy added words and it was recorded by the then popular Henry Hall (and his BBC Dance Orchestra) featuring Val Rosing (Gilbert Russell) as lead vocalist, which went on to sell a million copies. Many critics heavily criticized the direction and the acting of Portman and especially Jake Lloyd as the young Anakin Skywalker. It became popular in an 1908 instrumental version renamed "Teddy Bears Picnic", performed by the Arthur Pryor Band. It was the first time a Star Wars film did not win that Oscar competition category. Bratton wrote a musical piece originally titled "The Teddy Bear Two Step". This attitude was confirmed with the rival film, The Matrix, winning the visual effects Academy Award for 1999 over the Star Wars film. K. The much-hyped special effects, while generally viewed as groundbreaking in their sheer scope, were perhaps less impressive than anticipated simply because of high expectations. In 1906 the American composer J. However, critical and fan reaction ranged from guarded praise to outright derision. A rather unharmonious journey because conflicts between generations raise emotions to a fever pitch. After an enormous marketing campaign, with the distinctive artwork of Star Wars series artist Drew Struzan gracing the movie poster and other advertising, there was almost unprecedented interest amongst both fans and the wider community in the return of one of the most successful movie series of all time. Nine Indian women of various ages flee away from their everyday life into a joint excursion to the English resort town of Blackpool. Filming was primarily done at Leavesden Studios in England, with additional location shooting in the Tunisian desert and the Italian palace Palazzo Reale, Caserta. The German version of the film is titled Picknick on the Beach. The budget of Menace was US$115 million. Baji on the Beach, Gurinder Chada (1993). Queen Amidala presents a gift of appreciation and friendship to Boss Nass. The only one that is later found remembers almost nothing. The film closes with a large celebration of liberation from the Trade Federation on the planet of Naboo. Three girls and one of their teachers on a school outing mysteriously disappear. Because there are only two Sith ever at any given time (a master and an apprentice), they believe that there is still another one out there. With Picnic at Hanging Rock (1975), Peter Weir constructs a film of haunting mystery. Qui-Gon is cremated, and Mace Windu and Yoda agree that his death was caused by the Sith. The film Picnic was a multiple Oscar winner from 1955. Kenobi conveys his master’s wish regarding Anakin Skywalker to Yoda, who reluctantly allows him to become Obi-Wan’s apprentice. The novel is about a mysterious "zone" filled with strange and often deadly extraterrestrial artifacts, which are theorized by some scientists to be the refuse from an alien "picnic" on Earth. After the battle, the Jedi Council names Obi-Wan a Jedi Knight. The utopian novel Roadside Picnic by Boris and Arkady Strugatsky, which was written in 1972, was the source for the film Stalker (1979) by Andrei Tarkovsky. Obi-Wan gives his word that he will train the boy. Despite the war setting they have a cheerful picnic together. Just before passing away, Qui-Gon instructs Obi-Wan to train Anakin to become a Jedi. In Fernando Arrabal's Picnic in the Field the young and inexperienced soldier Zepo is visited unexpectedly by his devoted parents. He kills Qui-Gon Jinn, but Obi-Wan Kenobi in turn slays Darth Maul. What shall we do to rouse them? Any nonsense will serve..." (Project Gutenberg Entry: [2] (http://gutenberg.net/etext/158)). At the same time, Darth Maul has been engaging in combat with the two Jedi. In Jane Austen's novel Emma at the Box Hill picnic which turned out to be a sore disappointment, Frank Churchill said to Emma: "Our companions are excessively stupid. However, victory is won when young Anakin Skywalker commandeers a fighter plane and destroys the Federation's droid command ship, rendering the droid army useless. Meanwhile, Queen Amidala and her force fight their way back into the palace and capture the leader of the Trade Federation. From Charles Dickens' The Mystery of Edwin Drood: "...Miss Twinkleton (in her amateur state of existence) has contributed herself and a veal pie to a picnic." (Project Gutenberg Entry: [1] (http://gutenberg.net/etext/564)). After much fighting against the Federation's droid army, defeat for the alliance seems imminent. "Picnicking" in the wider sense of eating brought-along food, may or may not be allowed in public transport. Queen Amidala, back in Naboo, forms an alliance with the Gungan people, uniting in battle against the Trade Federation. Picnicking is sometimes not allowed in amusement parks, etc, because it could damage the turnover of restaurants, cafeterias and food kiosks in the park. She is frustrated by the Senate's deliberation and lack of action, and feels that by the time Palpatine is elected Chancellor it will be too late. The two Jedi accompany the Queen back to Naboo. In established parks, a picnic area generally includes picnic tables and possibly other items related to eating outdoors, such as built-in barbecue grills, water faucets, garbage containers, and restrooms. After doing so, the Queen decides to return to her home planet to repel the invasion of her people. See: Snopes.com urban legends reference page (http://www.snopes.com/language/offense/picnic.htm). Meanwhile, Senator Palpatine (of Naboo) uses Queen Amidala's situation to his advantage by persuading her to call a motion of no confidence in Chancellor Valorum so that he can get himself nominated as the new Chancellor. This claim had no basis in fact. They are also concerned due to their sense of what seems to be a cloudy future and a strong presence of fear in the boy. In the late 1990s an e-mail hoax spread around the internet claiming that the word "picnic" was actually derived from racist term for a lynching. After testing the boy and deliberating with one another, the Council refuses, deeming him too old for training according to Jedi Code. While in British and American English one would say "driving in rush hour traffic is no picnic", an Australian or New Zealander would say "driving in rush hour traffic is a real picnic"; these reversed idioms both suggesting a difficult task. Qui-Gon also informs the Council about Anakin, hoping that he can be trained as a Jedi. Because of his mastery of the Jedi arts, the Council becomes concerned that this may indicate the reappearance of the Sith, a long-gone religious order who followed the Dark Side of the Force. On Coruscant, Qui-Gon Jinn informs the Jedi Council of the mysterious attacker he encountered on Tatooine. Maul appears just as the group is leaving the planet, and fights Qui-Gon, who then manages to escape on the ship. Meanwhile, Darth Sidious sends his apprentice, Darth Maul, to kill the two Jedi and capture the Queen. Anakin wins the race and joins the team as they head for Coruscant, where Qui-Gon plans to seek permission from the Jedi Council to train him to be a Jedi. By entering Anakin into a podrace, Qui-Gon orchestrates a gamble in which the boy will be released from slavery and they will win the needed parts for their ship. Qui-Gon Jinn senses a strong presence of the Force in Anakin, and feels that he may be the Chosen One who will fulfill a prophecy by bringing balance to the Force. Anakin is gifted with piloting and mechanics (he has built an almost-complete droid named C-3PO). While searching for needed parts, they befriend young Anakin Skywalker, a slave boy, whose master is Watto, an alien junk dealer. Due to the attack, however, the ship is forced to land on the desert planet of Tatooine for repairs. A droid named R2-D2 heroically repairs the Queen's starship as they narrowly escape an attack from the Federation base ship. They depart for Coruscant, the Galactic Republic’s capital planet, to ask for help from the Senate. The Jedi, with Jar Jar Binks in tow, reach the capital of Naboo and rescue Queen Amidala from the Trade Federation droid army. The Jedi meet the Gungan leader, Boss Nass, and ask him to help the people of Naboo, but Nass refuses and sends them off in a submarine. Meanwhile, the Trade Federation invades Naboo and captures their leader, Queen Padmé Amidala. On the planet's surface, the Jedi meet local native outcast Jar Jar Binks, who brings them to an underwater Gungan settlement to escape the Trade Federation army. Qui-Gon and Obi-Wan escape the assassination attempt by the Federation and flee to the surface of Naboo. Unbeknownst to them, the Trade Federation is in league with the mysterious Darth Sidious, who secretly orders an invasion of Naboo and the killing of the two Jedi upon their arrival. Chancellor Valorum of the Galactic Republic secretly sends two Jedi Knights, Obi-Wan Kenobi and Qui-Gon Jinn, to resolve the dispute. It is the year 32 BBY (or, 32 years prior to Episode IV), and a trade dispute between the Trade Federation and the planet of Naboo has led to a blockade of the planet. At Qui-Gon's funeral pyre, a song from Episode III is heard. At the end of the credits, following the last notes of the song, Darth Vader can be heard breathing in the background while the screen is pitch black. The scene is included among the deleted scenes on the DVD release. A Greedo scene was shot but deleted from the theatrical version of the film. Famous characters from the original trilogy that make their first chronological appearance in this movie include C-3PO, Bib Fortuna, Jabba the Hutt, Obi-wan Kenobi, Palpatine, R2-D2, Anakin Skywalker, and Yoda. [1] (http://216.127.78.103/~dutch-starwars.com/database/aliens/pics/et.jpg). the Extra-Terrestrial. When Queen Amidala calls for a vote of no confidence, a group of aliens that can be seen in the Galactic Senate resemble E.T.'s race from E.T. Voice of Tey How .... Tyger. Voice of Aks Moe .... Marc Silk. Toby Longworth. Voice of Lott Dod ... Chris Sanders. Voice of Daultay Dofine ... James Taylor. Voice of Rune Haako ... Peter Serafinowicz. Voice of Darth Maul ... Voice of TC-14 .... Lindsay Duncan. Kathy Smee, Don Austen, David Greenaway. Yoda Puppeteers ... Silas Carson. Lott Dod ... Mark Coulier. Aks Moe ... Jeroma Blake. Mas Amedda ... Phil Eason. Yaddle ... Dipika O'Neill Joti. Depa Billaba ... Jerome Blake. Oppo Rancisis ... Michaela Cottrell. Even Piell ... Silas Carson. Ki-Adi-Mundi ... Michelle Taylor. Yarael Poof ... Alan Ruscoe. Plo Koon ... Khan Bonfils. Saesee Tiin ... Gin. Adi Gallia ... Hassani Shapi. Eeth Koth ... Megan Udall. Melee ... Jenna Green. Amee ... Oliver Walpole. Seek ... Dhruv Chanchani. Kitster ... Margaret Towner. Jira ... Himself. Jabba the Hutt ... Scott Capurro. Beed ... Greg Proops. Fode ... John Fensom. TC-14 ... Silas Carson. Republic Cruiser Pilot ... Bronagh Gallagher. Republic Cruiser Captain ... Keira Knightley. Sabé ... Sofia Coppola. Saché ... Candice Orwell. Yané ... Friday (Liz) Wilson. Eirtaé ... Cristina da Silva. Rabé ... Dominic West. Palace Guard ... Jackson. Samuel L. Mace Windu ... Clarence Smith. Fighter Pilot Bravo 3 ... Benedict Taylor. Fighter Pilot Bravo 2 ... Celia Imrie. Fighter Pilot Bravo 5 ... Ralph Brown. Ric Olié ... Alan Ruscoe. Daultay Dofine ... Jerome Blake. Rune Haako ... Silas Carson. Nute Gunray ... Steven Speirs. Captain Tarpals ... Warwick Davis. Wald ... Lewis MacLeod. Sebulba ... Ray Park. Darth Maul ... Andy Secombe. Watto ... Brian Blessed. Boss Nass ... Terence Stamp. Chancellor Valorum ... Frank Oz. Yoda ... Kenny Baker. R2-D2 ... Anthony Daniels. C-3PO ... Ahmed Best. Jar Jar Binks ... Hugh Quarshie. Captain Panaka ... Oliver Ford Davies. Sio Bibble ... Pernilla August. Shmi Skywalker ... Ian McDiarmid. Senator Palpatine ... Jake Lloyd. Anakin Skywalker ... Natalie Portman. Queen Amidala / Padmé ... Ewan McGregor. Obi-Wan Kenobi ... Liam Neeson. Qui-Gon Jinn ... |