Peter Tosh

Peter Tosh (October 9, 1944 – September 11, 1987) was a pioneer reggae musician. Militant, well-read and trailblazing, Tosh was the Malcolm X to former bandmate Bob Marley's Martin Luther King, Jr.

Born Winston Hubert McIntosh, young Peter grew up in the Kingston, Jamaica slum of Trenchtown. Although his short-fuse temper usually kept him in trouble, earning him the nickname Stepping Razor, he began to sing and learn guitar at a young age, inspired by the American stations he could pick up on his radio.

With the Wailers

In the early 1960s he met Bob Marley and Bunny Livingston through his guitar teacher, Joe Higgs and taught Bob to play the guitar. In 1962 he was the driving force behind the trio's formation of the Wailing Wailers with Junior Braithwaite and back-up singers Beverly Kelso and Cherry Smith. The Wailing Wailers had a huge ska hit with their first single, "Simmer Down," and recorded several more successful singles before Braithwaite, Kelso and Smith left the band in late 1965. Marley spent much of 1966 in America with his mother, but he returned to Jamaica in early 1967 with a renewed interest in music and a new spirituality. McIntosh and Bunny were already rastafarians when Bob returned from the USA and the three became heavily involved in the Rastafarian movement. Soon afterwards, they renamed the group the Wailers.

Veering away from the up-tempo dance of ska, the band slowed down to a rock-steady pace, and infused their lyrics with political and social messages. The Wailers penned several songs for American singer Johnny Nash before teaming up with production wizard Lee Perry to record some of reggae's earliest hits including "Soul Rebel," "Duppy Conqueror" and "Small Axe." With the addition of bassist Aston "Family Man" Barrett and his brother, drummer Carlton in 1970, the Wailers became Caribbean superstars. The band earned a record contract with Island and released their debut, Catch a Fire, in 1972; following it up with Burnin' the following year.

In 1973, McIntosh accidentally drove his car off a bridge, killing his girlfriend at the time and severely fracturing his own skull. He survived, but became even harder to deal with. After Island Records president Chris Blackwell refused to issue his solo album in 1974, the volatile McIntosh and Bunny Wailer left the Wailers citing the unfair treatment they received from Blackwell, who Tosh often referred to as 'Whiteworse'.

Solo career

McIntosh became bitter with his ex-bandmate, claiming that the only reason Marley was so successful was that his father was white, although it should be noted that Peter was known for having a big mouth and was not always to be taken too seriously in his pronouncements. Many biographies focusing on members of the Wailers relate a specific incident where several people alleged that Tosh became enraged upon hearing that Marley was seeing a well known white woman in Kingston. He talked big and threatened both physical violence and damnation and hellfire for his friend, vowing to track him down and take him to task. Later that day Bob casually walked into a room where Peter was relaxing with some of their mutual friends but mysteriously McIntosh seemed happy to see him and made no mention of any misgivings about the controversial relationship. When Marley was eventually told the whole story he allegedly laughed and responded: "Petah? Fussin'? You don't say!" - suggesting like many other sources that some of Tosh's personal relationships were stormy and complicated but not necessarily mean spirited.

McIntosh began recording under the name Peter Tosh, and released his solo debut, Legalize It, in 1976 on CBS Records. The title track soon became an anthem for the marijuana movement and was a favorite at Tosh's concerts. As Marley preached his "One Love" message, Tosh railed against the hypocritical "shitstem," and became a favorite target of the Jamaican police. He proudly wore his scars that he had received from the beatings he endured. Always taking the militant approach, he released Equal Rights in 1977. His lyric "I don't want no peace, I want equal rights and justice!" would become a rallying cry for the world's downtrodden masses.

Bush Doctor (1978), Mystic Man (1979), and Wanted: Dread or Alive followed. Released on the Rolling Stones' personal label, Tosh tried to gain some mainstream success while keeping his militant views, but was largely unsuccessful, especially compared to Marley's achievements. After the release of 1983's Mama Africa, Tosh went into self-imposed exile, seeking the spiritual advice of traditional medicine men in Africa, and trying to free himself from recording agreements that distributed his records in South Africa.

Shortly after the release of his 1987 album, No Nuclear War, Tosh was murdered at his own home during a burglary. He died on September 11, 1987. Only one of the three men was caught. One of Tosh's personal friends was sentenced to hang following the murder trial.

Discography

Albums

  • Legalize It (1976)
  • Equal Rights (1977)
  • Bush Doctor (1978)
  • Island Zorro (1979)
  • Mystic Man (1979)
  • Wanted Dread And Alive (1981)
  • Mama Africa (1983)
  • Captured Live (1984)
  • No Nuclear War (1987)

Compilations

These are the highest rated compilations on All Music Guide.

  • Collection Gold (1994)
  • Honorary Citizen (1997)
  • Scrolls Of The Prophet: The Best of Peter Tosh (1999)
  • Arise Black Man (1999)
  • The Essential Peter Tosh - the Columbia Years (2003)

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These are the highest rated compilations on All Music Guide. Among computing circles, she is known for her song Tom's Diner being used as the reference track for the MP3 compression system. One of Tosh's personal friends was sentenced to hang following the murder trial. Vega has a daughter, Ruby Froom. Only one of the three men was caught. (The UK version of Retrospective included an eight-song bonus CD as well as a DVD containing twelve songs.). He died on September 11, 1987. In 2003, the twenty-one-song greatest hits compilation Retrospective: The Best of Suzanne Vega was released.

Shortly after the release of his 1987 album, No Nuclear War, Tosh was murdered at his own home during a burglary. The subject matter deals with Vega's divorce from her ex-husband, record producer Mitchell Froom. After the release of 1983's Mama Africa, Tosh went into self-imposed exile, seeking the spiritual advice of traditional medicine men in Africa, and trying to free himself from recording agreements that distributed his records in South Africa. September 2001 saw the release of a new album, Songs In Red and Grey. Released on the Rolling Stones' personal label, Tosh tried to gain some mainstream success while keeping his militant views, but was largely unsuccessful, especially compared to Marley's achievements. This album contains "Caramel", featured in the movie The Truth About Cats and Dogs, and "Dead Man Walking", a song from the soundtrack of a movie of the same name. Bush Doctor (1978), Mystic Man (1979), and Wanted: Dread or Alive followed. The music varies between a frugal, simple style and the industrial production of 99.9F°.

His lyric "I don't want no peace, I want equal rights and justice!" would become a rallying cry for the world's downtrodden masses. The fifth album, Nine Objects of Desire, was released in 1996. Always taking the militant approach, he released Equal Rights in 1977. The songs are short and the lyric style compressed. He proudly wore his scars that he had received from the beatings he endured. This gives a sunny quality to the work in contrast to the previous album. As Marley preached his "One Love" message, Tosh railed against the hypocritical "shitstem," and became a favorite target of the Jamaican police. It consists of an eclectic mixture of folk music, dance beats and industrial music.

The title track soon became an anthem for the marijuana movement and was a favorite at Tosh's concerts. 1992 saw the release of the album 99.9F° ("ninety-nine point nine Fahrenheit degrees"). McIntosh began recording under the name Peter Tosh, and released his solo debut, Legalize It, in 1976 on CBS Records. The album lacked hit single material and is best considered as a whole. When Marley was eventually told the whole story he allegedly laughed and responded: "Petah? Fussin'? You don't say!" - suggesting like many other sources that some of Tosh's personal relationships were stormy and complicated but not necessarily mean spirited. Vega's third album, Days of Open Hand (1990) signified a change in style: the music became more experimental and the lyrics expressed greater emotion. Later that day Bob casually walked into a room where Peter was relaxing with some of their mutual friends but mysteriously McIntosh seemed happy to see him and made no mention of any misgivings about the controversial relationship. The music is more strongly pop-oriented compared with her first album.

He talked big and threatened both physical violence and damnation and hellfire for his friend, vowing to track him down and take him to task. "Luka" is written from the point of view of an abused child—uncommon for a pop hit. Many biographies focusing on members of the Wailers relate a specific incident where several people alleged that Tosh became enraged upon hearing that Marley was seeing a well known white woman in Kingston. Her sophomore effort, Solitude Standing (1987), contained two successful singles: "Tom's Diner" (a hit later remixed by two British dance producers under the name DNA, not to be confused with the no wave band DNA) and "Luka". McIntosh became bitter with his ex-bandmate, claiming that the only reason Marley was so successful was that his father was white, although it should be noted that Peter was known for having a big mouth and was not always to be taken too seriously in his pronouncements. The songs are straightforward and oppose the 'bigger is better' slogan of the mid-1980s. They are not typical protest songs, but are introspective, in the manner of the singer-songwriters of the 1970s. After Island Records president Chris Blackwell refused to issue his solo album in 1974, the volatile McIntosh and Bunny Wailer left the Wailers citing the unfair treatment they received from Blackwell, who Tosh often referred to as 'Whiteworse'. Suzanne's eponymous debut album was released in 1985 and was well received by critics.

He survived, but became even harder to deal with. In 1984 she received a major label record contract. In 1973, McIntosh accidentally drove his car off a bridge, killing his girlfriend at the time and severely fracturing his own skull. While she was an English literature major at Columbia University's Barnard College, she performed in small venues in Greenwich Village. The band earned a record contract with Island and released their debut, Catch a Fire, in 1972; following it up with Burnin' the following year. Music, however, was her first love. The Wailers penned several songs for American singer Johnny Nash before teaming up with production wizard Lee Perry to record some of reggae's earliest hits including "Soul Rebel," "Duppy Conqueror" and "Small Axe." With the addition of bassist Aston "Family Man" Barrett and his brother, drummer Carlton in 1970, the Wailers became Caribbean superstars. Later she attended the New York High School of Performing Arts (the school seen in the film and musical Fame), where she studied modern dance.

Veering away from the up-tempo dance of ska, the band slowed down to a rock-steady pace, and infused their lyrics with political and social messages. At the age of nine she began to write poems; she wrote her first song at 14. Soon afterwards, they renamed the group the Wailers. She was born in Santa Monica, California, but, at the age of one, moved with her mother and her stepfather to New York City, where she grew up in a socially problematic area. McIntosh and Bunny were already rastafarians when Bob returned from the USA and the three became heavily involved in the Rastafarian movement. Suzanne Vega (born July 11, 1959) is an American songwriter and singer. Marley spent much of 1966 in America with his mother, but he returned to Jamaica in early 1967 with a renewed interest in music and a new spirituality.

The Wailing Wailers had a huge ska hit with their first single, "Simmer Down," and recorded several more successful singles before Braithwaite, Kelso and Smith left the band in late 1965. In 1962 he was the driving force behind the trio's formation of the Wailing Wailers with Junior Braithwaite and back-up singers Beverly Kelso and Cherry Smith. In the early 1960s he met Bob Marley and Bunny Livingston through his guitar teacher, Joe Higgs and taught Bob to play the guitar. Although his short-fuse temper usually kept him in trouble, earning him the nickname Stepping Razor, he began to sing and learn guitar at a young age, inspired by the American stations he could pick up on his radio.

Born Winston Hubert McIntosh, young Peter grew up in the Kingston, Jamaica slum of Trenchtown. Militant, well-read and trailblazing, Tosh was the Malcolm X to former bandmate Bob Marley's Martin Luther King, Jr. Peter Tosh (October 9, 1944 – September 11, 1987) was a pioneer reggae musician. The Essential Peter Tosh - the Columbia Years (2003).

Arise Black Man (1999). Scrolls Of The Prophet: The Best of Peter Tosh (1999). Honorary Citizen (1997). Collection Gold (1994).

No Nuclear War (1987). Captured Live (1984). Mama Africa (1983). Wanted Dread And Alive (1981).

Mystic Man (1979). Island Zorro (1979). Bush Doctor (1978). Equal Rights (1977).

Legalize It (1976).