Pablo Picasso

(For a comprehensive catalogue of his works visit the On-Line Picasso Project)]. The official story is that he was an 8-month baby conceived just after his parents marriage; several sources suggest that he was born earlier (the date May 14 is the most prevalent), and that his mother was already pregnant at the time of her marriage. On May 4, 2004 Picasso's painting Garçon à la pipe was sold for USD $104 million at Sotheby's, thus establishing a new price record (see also List of most expensive paintings). ¹ While June 14, 1928 is Guevara's official date of birth, it may not be the actual date of birth. Several paintings by Picasso rank among the most expensive paintings in the world.
. In 1999, Picasso's Les Noces (The Marriage of Pierrette) sold for more than USD $51 million. Movies and actors who have portrayed Che Guevara:.

Anthony Hopkins played Picasso in the movie. French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre called Guevara, "the most complete human being of our age." Others believe that he was a hero of the Cuban revolution who was skillfully manipulated by Fidel Castro in order to inspire the masses, all the while being moved into positions where he would represent little or no danger to Fidel himself. The film Surviving Picasso was made about Picasso in 1996, as seen through the eyes of Francois Gilot. Inside the mausoleum is also the original letter Guevara wrote to Castro in which he stated he would leave Cuba to continue to fight abroad for the cause of the revolution and renouncing all posts and his Cuban citizenship. In 2003, relatives of Picasso inaugurated a museum dedicated to him in his birthplace, Málaga, Spain, the Museo Picasso Málaga. Among the tourists visiting the site were people from Argentina, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, Japan, South Africa, the United States, and Venezuela. These works form the core of the immense and representative collection of the Musée Picasso in Paris. Some 205,832 persons visited his mausoleum in 2004, of which 127,597 were foreigners.

Since Picasso left no will, his death duties, or estate tax to the French state, were paid in the form of his works and others from his collection. That year, his body was exhumed and brought from Bolivia, where he died in 1967. In addition, Picasso had a considerable collection of the work of other famous artists, some his contemporaries, such as Henri Matisse, with whom he had exchanged works. Guevara's remains, along with those of six of his former compañeros during the guerrilla campaign in Bolivia, have rested at a special mausoleum since 1997 in the Plaza Comandante Ernesto Guevara in Santa Clara, Cuba. At the time of his death, he had kept off the art market that which he had not needed to sell. The narrator role involves creative license, because Guevara's only interaction with Eva Perón was to write her a letter in his youth, asking for a Jeep. His final words were "drink to me". This portrays Guevara as becoming disillusioned with Eva Perón and her husband, President Juan Domingo Perón, because of Perón's increasing corruption and tyranny.

Jacqueline Roque prevented his children Claude and Paloma from attending the funeral. Guevara's reputation even extended into theatre, where he is depicted as the narrator in Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Evita. Pablo Picasso died on April 8, 1973, and was interred at Castle Vauvenargues' park, in Vauvenargues, Bouches-du-Rhône. A dramatic photograph of Guevara taken by photographer Alberto Korda [2] in 1960 (see Che Guevara (photo)) soon became one of the century's most recognizable images, and the portrait was simplified and reproduced on a vast array of merchandise, such as T-shirts, posters, and baseball caps. Only later, after Picasso's death, when the rest of the art world had moved on from abstract expressionism, did the critical community come to see that Picasso had already discovered neo-expressionism and was, as usual, ahead of his time. Especially in the late 1960s, he became a popular icon for revolution and left-wing political ideals among youngsters in Western and Middle Eastern culture. One long time admirer, Douglas Cooper, called them "the incoherent scribblings of a frenetic old man". And when he gained power in Cuba, he gave up all the trappings of government office in order to return to the revolutionary battlefield and ultimately, to die.

At the time these works were dismissed by most as pornographic fantasies of an impotent old man or the slapdash works of an artist who was past his prime. He is singled out from other revolutionaries by many young people in the West because he rejected a comfortable background to fight for global revolution. Devoting his full energies to his work, Picasso became more daring, his works more colourful and expressive, and from 1968 through 1971 he produced a torrent of paintings and hundreds of copperplate engravings. Even liberal elements that felt little sympathy with Guevara's Communist ideals during his lifetime expressed admiration for his spirit of self-sacrifice. Picasso's final works were a mixture of styles, his styles and periods changing right until the end of his life. Demonstrations in protest against his assassination occurred throughout the world, and articles, tributes, and poems were written about his life and death. To a man for whom this was such an important part of life, this was a serious life change and Picasso seems to have dealt with it by redoubling his already prolific artistic output. While pictures of Guevara's dead body were being circulated and the circumstances of his death were being debated, Guevara's legend began to spread.

In his 80s and 90s, Picasso, no longer quite the energetic dynamo he had been in his youth, became more and more impotent. Fidel Castro has denied involvement in this translation. Picasso refused to be paid $100,000 for it, donating it to the people of Chicago. The Bolivian Diary was quickly and crudely translated by Ramparts magazine and circulated around the world. The sculpture, one of the most recognizable landmarks of downtown Chicago was unveiled in 1967. He suffered from asthma, and most of his last offensives were carried out to obtain medicine. What the figure is exactly is not known; it could be a bird, a horse, a woman or a totally abstract shape. As the campaign drew to an unexpected close, Guevara became increasingly ill.

He approached the project with a great deal of enthusiasm, designing a sculpture which was ambiguous and became somewhat controversial. It shows that Guevara had a great deal of difficulty recruiting from the local populace, due mainly to the fact that the guerrilla group had learned Quechua and not the local languages of the Bolivian Amazon, such as Guarani. He was commissioned to make a maquette for a huge 50 foot high sculpture to be built in Chicago, Illinois, known usually as the Chicago Picasso. It records the split between Guevara and the Bolivian Communist Party that resulted in Guevara having significantly fewer soldiers than originally anticipated. The media would give him much attention, though they were often more interested in his personal life than his art. The diary tells how the guerrillas were forced to begin operations prematurely due to discovery by the Bolivian Army, the eventual split of the group, and their general failure. Picasso had accumulated a huge fortune and could afford large villas in the south of France, at Notre-dame-de-vie on the outskirts of Mougins, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. The first entry is on 7 November 1966 shortly after Guevara's arrival at a farm in the Bolivian jungle and the last entry is on 7 October 1967 just before his capture.

During this time he lived at Cannes and in 1955 helped make the film Le Mystère Picasso (The Mystery of Picasso) directed by Henri-Georges Clouzot. Also removed was Guevara's diary, which documented events in the guerrilla war being fought in Bolivia. He also based paintings on works on art by Goya, Poussin, Manet, Courbet and Delacroix. On the 12 July 1997 Guevara's remains were buried with full military honours in the city of Santa Clara, in the province of Villa Clara, where he had won the decisive battle of the Cuban Revolution. He made a series of works based on Velazquez's painting of Las Meninas. In 1997, the skeletal remains of Guevara's body were exhumed, positively identified by DNA matching and returned to Cuba, where he is revered as a heroic revolutionary leader. In the 1950s his style changed once again as he began looking at the art of the great masters, and making new art about it. The death of Guevara was regarded as a severe blow to the socialist revolutionary movements throughout Latin America.

Picasso always played himself in his film appearances. On October 15 Castro admitted that the death had occurred and proclaimed three days of public mourning throughout Cuba. In addition to his manifold artistic accomplishments, Picasso had a film career, including a cameo appearance in Jean Cocteau's Testament of Orpheus. Also his hands were cut off and sent to Fidel Castro. Picasso then secretly married Roque after Gilot had filed for divorce in order to exact his revenge for her leaving him. The former Cuban leader's body was publicly displayed and photographed, and fingerprints were offered as proof of identification. With Picasso's encouragement, she had arranged to divorce her then husband, Luc Simon, and marry Picasso to secure her children's rights. As Debray's trial — which had become an international cause célèbre — was beginning in early October, Bolivian authorities on October 11 reported that Guevara had been shot and killed in an engagement with government forces on October 9.

Gilot had been seeking a legal means to legitimize her children with Picasso, Claude and Paloma. Debray claimed that he had merely been acting as a reporter, and that Che, who had mysteriously disappeared several years earlier, was leading the guerrillas. Their marriage was also the means of one last act of revenge against Gilot. In April 1967 government forces captured Debray, a young French Marxist theoretician and writer, and accused him of collaborating with the guerrillas. The two remained together for the rest of Picasso's life, marrying in 1961. A side issue connected with the guerrillas was the arrest and trial of Régis Debray. Roque worked at the Madoura Pottery, where Picasso made and painted ceramics. Rodriguez had removed Guevara's hands to send to different parts of the world to verify his identity.

Picasso was not long in finding another lover, Jacqueline Roque. After the execution, Rodriguez took Guevara's Rolex watch, often proudly showing it to reporters during the ensuing years. A number of ink drawings from this period explore this theme of the hideous old dwarf as buffoonish counterpoint to the beautiful young girl, including several from a six-week affair with Geneviève Laporte, who in June 2005 auctioned off the drawings Picasso made of her. After hearing of Guevara's capture Rodriguez relayed the information to CIA headquarters at Langley, Virginia via CIA stations in various South American nations. He went through a difficult period after Gilot's departure, coming to terms with his advancing age and his perception that he was an old man, now in his 70s, who was no longer attractive, but rather grotesque to young women. A CIA agent and veteran of the US invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs, Felix Rodriguez headed the hunt for Guevara in Bolivia. This came as a severe blow to Picasso. Shoot, coward, you are only going to kill a man".

Uniquely among Picasso's women, Gilot left Picasso in 1953 because of his abusive treatment and infidelities. Che Guevara did have some last words before his death; he allegedly said to his executioner, "I know you are here to kill me. The two eventually became lovers, and had two children together, Claude, and Paloma. Biting his arm to avoid crying out, he was eventually spared his pain and shot in the chest, his lungs filling with blood. After the liberation of Paris in 1944, Picasso began to keep company with a young art student, Françoise Gilot. The most widely agreed upon account is that Guevara received multiple shots to the legs, so as to avoid maiming his face for identification purposes and simulate combat wounds to conceal his execution. Like all the women in his life, Maar was cruelly emotionally abused by the narcissistic Picasso. Others say he was so nervous he refused to look Guevara in the face and shot him in the side and the throat, which was the fatal wound.

The two were closest in the late 1930s and early 1940s and it was Maar who documented the painting of Guernica. Some say the executioner was too nervous, left, and was forced back inside. The photographer and painter Dora Maar was also a constant companion and lover of Picasso. Several versions exist about what happened next. Marie Thérèse lived in the vain hope that Picasso would one day marry her and hanged herself after Picasso's death. The executioner was a sergeant in the Bolivian army, who had drawn a short straw and had to shoot Guevara. Picasso carried on a long-standing affair with Walter and fathered a daughter, Maya, with her. Guevara was taken to an old schoolhouse and executed, bound by his hands to a board.

The two remained legally married until Khoklova's death in 1955. Barrientos ordered his execution immediately upon being informed of Guevara's capture. Picasso's marriage to Khoklova soon ended in separation rather than divorce, as French law required an even division of property in the case of divorce and Picasso did not want Khoklova to have half his wealth. However, this claim is disputed, as some soldiers claim this story was set loose to show Guevara in a more humiliating light. In 1927 Picasso met 17 year old Marie-Thérèse Walter and began a secret affair with her. According to soldiers present at the capture, during the skirmish as soldiers approached Guevara he allegedly shouted, "Do not shoot! I am Che Guevara and worth more to you alive than dead". Khoklova's insistence on social propriety clashed with Picasso's bohemian tendencies and the two lived in a state of constant conflict. His surrender was offered after being wounded in the legs and having his rifle destroyed by a bullet.

The two had a son, Paulo, who would grow up to be a dissolute motorcycle racer and chauffeur to his father. On October 8, the encampment was encircled and Guevara was captured while leading a patrol in the vicinity of La Higuera. Khoklova introduced Picasso to high society, formal dinner parties, and all the social niceties attendant on the life of the rich in 1920s Paris. The Bolivians were notified of the location of Guevara's guerrilla encampment by a deserter. In 1918, Picasso married Olga Khoklova, a ballerina with Sergei Diaghilev's troupe, for whom Picasso was designing a ballet, Parade, in Rome. Some were tortured for information. Humbert was diagnosed with cancer and during her rapid deterioration, Picasso administered to her every need, making daily trips across Paris to visit her in the hospital. In addition, the CIA also helped anti-Castro Cuban exiles set up interrogation houses for those Bolivians thought to be assisting Guevara and/or his guerrillas.

Picasso included declarations of his love for Eva in many Cubist works. Guevara and his associates found themselves hamstrung in Bolivia by the American aid and military trainers to the Bolivian government and a lack of assistance from his allies. After garnering fame and some fortune, Picasso left Olivier for Marcelle Humbert, whom Picasso called Eva. His isolation was further exacerbated by the fact that the shortwave transmitter provided to him by Cuba turned out to be non-operational so that he was unable to send messages to Havana, and some months into the campaign the tape recorder that the guerrillas used to decode shortwave messages sent to them from Havana was lost while crossing a river. It is she who appears in many of the Rose period paintings. Guevara had also not received the expected assistance and cooperation from the local dissidents when he undertook his journey, and Bolivia's Moscow-oriented Communist Party did not aid him in the insurrection. In the early years of the 20th century, Picasso, still a struggling youth, began a long term relationship with Fernande Olivier. Instead, the Bolivian Army was being trained by US Army Special Forces advisors, including a recently organized elite battalion of Rangers trained in jungle warfare.

Picasso married twice and had four children by three women. He had expected to deal with a poorly trained and equipped national army. In Paris, in addition to having a distinguished coterie of friends in the Montmartre and Montparnasse quarters, including André Breton, Guillaume Apollinaire, writer Gertrude Stein and others, he usually maintained a number of mistresses in addition to his wife or primary partner. After the US government learned of his location, CIA operatives were sent into Bolivia to aid the anti-insurrection effort. Picasso hated to be alone when he wasn't working. However, there was a US presence in Bolivia. But party criticism of a portrait of Stalin as insufficiently realistic cooled Picasso's interest in Communist politics, though he remained a loyal member of the Communist Party until his death. He had expected to deal only with the country's military government.

After the Second World War, Picasso rejoined the French Communist Party, and even attended an international peace conference in Poland. Guevara's hope of fomenting revolution in Bolivia appears to have been predicated upon a number of misconceptions. While the Germans outlawed bronze casting in Paris, Picasso was still able to continue because of the French resistance who would smuggle bronze to him. In September, however, the Army managed to eliminate two guerrilla groups, reportedly killing one of the leaders. He retreated into his studio, continuing to paint nevertheless. Guevara's guerrillas, numbering about 50, were well equipped and scored a number of early successes in difficult terrain in the mountainous Camiri region of the country against Bolivian regulars. The Nazis hated his style of painting, so he was not able to show his works during this time. He ordered the Bolivian Army to hunt Guevara and his followers down.

During the Second World War, Picasso lived in German occupied Paris. On learning of his presence in Bolivia, President René Barrientos is alleged to have expressed the desire to see Guevara's head displayed on a pike in downtown La Paz. No political movement seemed to compel his support to any great degree. Little was accomplished in the way of building a guerrilla army. He also remained aloof from the Catalan independence movement during his youth despite expressing general support and being friendly with activists within it. The evidence suggests that this training was more hazardous than combat to Guevara and the Cubans accompanying him. While Picasso expressed anger and condemnation of Franco and the Fascists through his art he did not take up arms against them. A parcel of jungle land in Ñancahuazú was purchased by native Bolivian Communists and turned over to him for use as a training area.

In the Spanish Civil War, service for Spaniards living abroad was optional and would have involved a voluntary return to the country to join either side. The persistent reports that he was assisting the guerrillas in Bolivia were ultimately proven true. As a Spanish citizen living in France, Picasso was under no compulsion to fight against the invading Germans in either world war. Juan Almeida, announced that Guevara was "serving the revolution somewhere in Latin America". Some of his contemporaries though (including Braque) felt that this neutrality had more to do with cowardice than principle. In a speech at the May Day rally in Havana, the Acting Minister of the armed forces, Maj. Picasso never commented on this but encouraged the idea that it was because he was a pacifist. Speculation continued during 1966 as to the whereabouts of the former Minister of Industry and President of the National Bank.

Picasso remained neutral during the Spanish Civil War, World War I and World War II, refusing to fight for any side or country. Later that same year, ill and frustrated after seven months of hardship, Guevara left the Congo with the Cuban survivors (six of Guevara's column had died). The minotaur appears in Picasso's painting Guernica. The incompetence, intransigence and infighting of the local Congolese forces are cited by Che in his Congo Diaries as the key reasons for the revolt's failure. His use of the minotaur came partly because of contact with the Surrealists who often used it as their symbol. Guevara's aim was to export the Cuban Revolution by indoctrinating local Simba fighters in communist ideology and strategies of guerrilla warfare. During the 1930s, the minotaur replaced the harlequin as a motif which he used often in his work. CIA advisors working with the Congolese army were able to monitor Guevara's communications, arrange to ambush the rebels and the Cubans whenever they attempted to attack, and interdict Guevara's supply lines.

A comedic character depicted usually in checkered patterned clothing, the harlequin became a personal symbol of Picasso. He had the experiences of the Cuban revolution, including his successful march on Santa Clara, which was central to Batista finally being overthrown by Castro's forces. Picasso used a harlequin in many of his early works, especially in his Blue and Rose Periods. His asthma prevented him from entering military service in Argentina, a fact of which he was proud, given his opposition to the government. There are many precise and detailed figure studies done in his youth under his father's tutelage, as well as rarely seen works from his old age, that clearly demonstrate Picasso's firm grounding in classical techniques. Guevara was only 35 at the time and had no formal military training. The Museu Picasso in Barcelona features many of Picasso's early works, created while he was living in Spain, as well as the extensive collection of Jaime Sabartés, Picasso's close friend from his Barcelona days and for many years Picasso's personal secretary. "Nothing leads me to believe he is the man of the hour," Guevara wrote.[1].

Although Picasso attended art schools throughout his childhood, often those where his father taught, he never finished his college level course of study at the Royal Academy of San Fernando in Madrid, leaving after less than a year. Guevara dismissed Kabila as insignificant. It was from his father that Picasso learned the basics of formal academic art training – figure drawing, and painting in oil. In 1965, Guevara was assisted for a time in the former Belgian Congo by guerrilla leader Laurent-Désiré Kabila, who helped Lumumba supporters lead a revolt that was suppressed in November of that same year by the Congolese army and a large group of white mercenaries. Picasso's father, José Ruiz y Blasco, was himself a painter; for most of his life, a professor of art at the School of Fine Arts and Crafts; and was a curator of a local museum. He wanted to work with the pro-Lumumba, Marxist Simba movement in the former Belgian Congo (later Zaïre and currently the Democratic Republic of the Congo). Pablo Diego José Santiago Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Crispín Crispiniano de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz Picasso was born on October 25, 1881 in Málaga, Spain, the first child of José Ruiz y Blasco and María Picasso y López. Guevara persuaded Castro to back him in the first covert Cuban involvement in Africa.

While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are:. Guevara's movements and whereabouts remained a secret for the next two years. Picasso's work is often categorized into "periods". During an interview with four foreign correspondents on November 1, Castro remarked that he knew where Guevara was but that he would not disclose the place, and added, denying reports that his former comrade-in-arms was dead, that "he is in the best of health." Despite Castro's assurances the fate of Guevara remained a mystery at the end of 1965. His natural talents were augmented by a ferocious work ethic that survived into the final years of his long life. In the letter Guevara announced his resignation from all his positions in the government, in the party, and in the Army, and renounced his Cuban citizenship, which had been granted to him in 1959 in recognition of his efforts on behalf of the revolution. Indeed, Picasso moved with ease among the plastic arts despite limited academic training (he finished only one year at the Royal Academy in Madrid). He explained that "other nations are calling for the help of my modest efforts" and that, having "always identified with the world outcome of our Revolution", he had decided to go and fight as a guerrilla in different parts of the world.

His pen and ink sketches of his friends from the Cubist era and afterwards are valued for their understated intimacy, examples of the fluidity of his skills. On October 3 of that year, Castro revealed an undated letter purportedly written to him by Guevara some months earlier in which Guevara reaffirmed his enduring solidarity with the Cuban Revolution but stated his intention to leave Cuba to fight abroad for the cause of the revolution. He famously rendered complex scenes as just a few geometric shapes in his mixed-media Cubist works, but he also produced masterful realist portraits throughout his life. Numerous rumors about his disappearance spread both inside and outside Cuba. He worked with equal facility in oil, watercolour, pastels, charcoal, pencil, and ink. Pressed by international speculations on Guevara's fate, Castro said on June 16 that the people would be informed about Guevara when Guevara himself wished to let them know. Picasso was extremely talented as a painter and draughtsman, even by the standards of the world's great artists. But he strongly supported the Communist side in the Vietnam War, despite North Vietnam's pro-Soviet position, and urged his comrades in South America to create "many Vietnams".

In 1992 the painting became one of the main attractions in Madrid's Reina Sofía Museum when it opened. He saw the Northern Hemisphere, led by the US in the West and the Soviets in the East, as the exploiter of the Southern Hemisphere. In 1981 Guernica was returned to Spain and exhibited at the Casón del Buen Retiro. Indeed, by this point Guevara had grown more skeptical of the Soviet Union. Guernica hung in New York's Museum of Modern Art for many years; Picasso stipulated that the painting should not return to Spain until democracy was restored in that country. According to Western observers of the Cuban situation, the fact that Guevara was opposed to Soviet recommendations that Castro seemed obliged to agree to might have been the reason for his disappearance. The act of painting it was captured in a series of photographs by Picasso's most famous lover, Dora Maar, a distinguished artist in her own right. Since the early days of the Cuban revolution Guevara had been considered an advocate of Maoist strategy in Latin America and the originator of a plan for the swift industrialization of Cuba.

This large canvas embodies for many the inhumanity, brutality and hopelessness of war. Guevara's pro-Chinese orientation was increasingly problematic for Cuba as the Cuban economy became more and more dependent on the Soviet Union. Arguably Picasso's most famous work is his depiction of the German bombing of Guernica, Spain — Guernica. Castro's explanations for Che's disappearance have always been suspect (see below) — it is surprising that Che never announced his intentions publicly, but only through an undated letter to Castro. The total value of his work was estimated in 1973 to be about $750 million. It may also be that Fidel had grown increasingly wary of Che Guevara's popularity and considered him a potential threat. He produced about 13,500 paintings or designs, 100,000 prints or engravings, 34,000 book illustrations, and 300 sculptures and ceramics plus drawings and tapestries. His disappearance was variously attributed to the relative failure of the industrialization scheme he had advocated while minister of industry, to pressure exerted on Castro by Soviet officials disapproving of Guevara's pro-Chinese Communist outlook as the Sino-Soviet split grew more pronounced, and to serious differences between Guevara and the Cuban leadership regarding Cuba's economic development and ideological line.

Picasso was the most prolific painter ever, as deemed in the Guiness Book of Records. Guevara's whereabouts were the great mystery of 1965 in Cuba, as he was regarded as second in power to Castro himself. "Je suis aussi un poète," as he quipped to his friends. Guevara was not seen in public after his return to Havana on March 14 from a three-month tour of the People's Republic of China, the United Arab Republic (Egypt), Algeria, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Dahomey, Congo-Brazzaville and Tanzania. While Picasso was primarily a painter (in fact he believed that an artist must paint in order to be considered a true artist), he also worked with small ceramic and bronze sculptures, collage and even wrote some poetry. After April 1965 Guevara dropped out of public life and then vanished altogether. However, in a long life he produced a wide and varied body of work, the best-known being the Blue Period works which feature moving depictions of acrobats, harlequins, prostitutes, beggars and artists. To the Russians, Guevara caustically remarked, "Is this how the proletariat live in Russia?".

Picasso is most famous as the co-founder of Cubism. Once, on a trip to Russia, Guevara was dining with high-ranking officials from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, when the group's food was served to them on expensive china. . This austerity also manifested itself as a general dislike of luxury. Pablo Picasso^[1], formally Pablo Ruiz Picasso, (October 25, 1881 – April 8, 1973) was one of the recognized masters of 20th century art, probably most famous as the founder, along with Georges Braque, of Cubism. For example, upon becoming a member of the government, he refused an increase in pay, opting to continue drawing the (considerably) lower salary he received as a Comandante (Major), in the Rebel Army. List of Picasso artworks 1971-1973. Guevara was also known for his austerity, simple lifestyle and habits.

List of Picasso artworks 1961-1970. He believed such sacrifice and dedication on the part of the people was necessary to achieve true Communism through the Socialist society. List of Picasso artworks 1951-1960. He regularly devoted his weekends and evenings to volunteer labour, be it working at shipyards, in textile factories or cutting sugarcane. List of Picasso artworks 1941-1950. As a government official, Guevara served as an example of the "New Man" (el Hombre Nuevo). List of Picasso artworks 1931-1940. All they needed was a vanguard to inspire them.

List of Picasso artworks 1921-1930. It worked in Cuba because the people already wanted to get rid of Batista. List of Picasso artworks 1911-1920. However, the failure of his "Cuban Style" revolution in Bolivia was thought to have been due to his lack of grassroots support there, and hence this strategy is now thought by some to be ineffective. List of Picasso artworks 1901-1910. Guevara believed that a small group (foco) of guerrillas, by violently targeting the government, could actively foment revolutionary feelings among the general populace, so that it was not necessary to build broad organisations and advance the revolutionary struggle in measured steps before launching armed insurrection. List of Picasso artworks 1889-1900. Guevara's book, Guerrilla Warfare, was seen for a time as the definitive philosophy for fighting irregular wars.

Synthetic Cubism (1912-19) - Involving the use of collage and cut paper, it was the first time collage had been used as a fine art work. Jon Lee Anderson reports that after the crisis Guevara told Sam Russell, a British correspondent for the socialist newspaper Daily Worker, that if the missiles had been under Cuban control, they would have fired them. Picasso's and Braque's paintings at this time are very similar to each other. Guevara believed that the installation of Soviet missiles would protect Cuba from any direct military action against it by the United States. Analytic Cubism (1909-12) - A style of painting he developed along with Braque using monochrome brownish colours, where they took apart objects and 'analysed' them in terms of their shapes. Prior to the Cuban Missile Crisis, Guevara was part of a Cuban delegation to Moscow in early 1962 with Raúl Castro where he endorsed the planned placement of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba. African influenced Period (1908-09) - Influenced by the two figures on the right in his painting of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, he used African artefacts as the inspiration for his work. For this a socialist state would first be necessary, a ladder to be ascended and then cast away in a society of equals without states or governments.

He met Fernande Oliver in Paris and many of these paintings are influenced by his warm relationship with her, and also from French painting. The ideal Communist society is not possible unless the people first evolve into a 'new man' (el Hombre Nuevo). Rose Period (1905-1907) - A more cheerful style in orange and pink colours, which featured many harlequins. El socialismo y el hombre en Cuba (1965) (English: Man and Socialism in Cuba, (1967)) is an examination of Cuba's new brand of Socialism and Communist ideology. Blue Period (1901-1904) - sombre paintings which are influenced from a trip in Spain, his sad mood in many of the pictures possibly coming from his reaction to the death of a friend. His highly influential manual on guerrilla strategy and tactics (English translation, Guerrilla Warfare, 1961) advocated peasant-based revolutionary movements in the developing countries. During this period, he defined Cuba's policies and his own views in many speeches, articles, letters, and essays.

An active participant in the economic and social reforms implemented by Castro's government, he became known in the West for his fiery attacks on US foreign policy in Africa, Asia, and especially Latin America. Guevara helped guide the Castro regime on its socialist, proto-Communist, path. After negotiating a trade agreement with the Soviet Union in 1960, Guevara represented Cuba on many commercial missions and delegations to Soviet-aligned nations in Africa and Asia after the United States imposed an embargo on the nation. In this capacity, Guevara faced the challenge of transforming Cuba's capitalist agrarian economy into a socialist industrial economy.

Later, Guevara became an official at the National Institute of Agrarian Reform, President of the National Bank of Cuba, and Minister of Industries. During his term as commander of the fortress from 1959–1963, he oversaw the hasty trials and executions of many former Batista regime officials, including members of the BRAC secret police (some sources say 156 people, others estimate as many as 500). In 1959, he was appointed commander of the La Cabaña Fortress prison. Che Guevara became as prominent in the new government as he had been in the revolutionary army.

The couple would have four children together. Later he married a member of Castro's army, Aleida March. Shortly thereafter, Guevara became a Cuban citizen and divorced his Peruvian wife, Hilda Gadea, with whom he had one daughter. After Castro's troops entered the capital of Havana on January 2, 1959, a new socialist government was established.

A newer translation was published in 1996 under the title Episodes of the Cuban Revolutionary War. The book is composed of a series of articles that originally appeared in Verde Olivo, a weekly publication of the Revolutionary Armed Forces. Guevara recorded the two years spent in overthrowing Batista's regime in a detailed account entitled Pasajes de la Guerra Revolucionaria (English translation, Reminiscences of the Cuban Revolutionary War, 1968), first published in 1963. His march on Santa Clara in late 1958, where his column derailed an armored train filled with Batista's troops and took over the city, was the final straw that forced Batista to flee the country.

Within months, Guevara rose to the highest rank, Comandante (Major), in the revolutionary army. He personally executed Eutimio Guerra, a suspected Batista informant, with a single shot from his .32(7.65mm) caliber pistol. Guevara took responsibility for the execution of informers, insubordinates, deserters and spies in the revolutionary army. Guevara exhibited great courage, skills in combat, and ruthlessness, and soon became one of Castro's ablest and most trusted aides.

The remaining rebels fled to the mountains, where they slowly grew in strength, seizing weapons and winning support and recruits from the local peasants in rural areas and intellectuals and workers in urban areas. Guevara, the group's physician, laid down his knapsack containing medical supplies in order to pick up a box of ammunition dropped by a fleeing comrade, a moment which he later recalled as marking his transition from doctor to combatant. Only 15 rebels survived. Shortly after disembarking in a swampy area near Niquero in southeastern Cuba, the expeditionary unit was attacked by Batista's forces.

(The name was most likely a tribute to the grandmother of the previous owner, an American.) Guevara was the only non-Cuban aboard. Castro, Guevara, and 80 other guerrillas departed from Tuxpan, Veracruz, aboard the cabin cruiser Granma in November 1956. Guevara quickly joined the "26th of July Movement", named in commemoration of the date of the failed attack on the Moncada barracks that was the cause of Castro's exile. The Castro brothers were preparing to return to Cuba with an expeditionary force in an attempt to overthrow General Fulgencio Batista, who had assumed dictatorial powers following a coup d'état during the 1952 presidential elections.

Guevara met Fidel Castro and Fidel's brother Raúl in Mexico City where the two sought refuge after being exiled from Cuba. Following the coup, Guevara volunteered to fight, but Arbenz told his supporters to leave the country, and Guevara briefly took refuge in the Argentine consulate before moving on to Mexico. This helped strengthen his conviction that Marxist socialism was the only true way to remedy such problems. The overthrow of the Arbenz government by a 1954 CIA-backed coup d'état cemented Guevara's view of the United States as an oppressive imperialist power that would consistently oppose governments attempting to address the socioeconomic inequality endemic to Latin America and other developing third world countries.

See International Phonetic Alphabet." class="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Code2000', 'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Bitstream Vera', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro'; font-family /**/:inherit; text-decoration: none">/ʃeɪ/ are fairly common, probably under French influence. In English, the misspelling "Ché" (with an acute accent) and the mispronunciation

See International Phonetic Alphabet." class="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Code2000', 'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Bitstream Vera', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro'; font-family /**/:inherit; text-decoration: none">/tʃe/) is a Spanish interjection used commonly in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, some parts of Bolivia, Costa Rica and in the Portuguese of the south of Brazil. Che (pronounced

Upon his return to Argentina, he completed his medical studies as quickly as he could, in order to continue his travels around South America. He began to develop his concept of a united South America without borders, bound together by a common 'mestizo' culture, an idea which would figure prominently in his later revolutionary activities. His travels also inspired him to look upon Latin America not as a collection of separate nations but as a single cultural and economic entity, the liberation of which would require an intercontinental strategy. Through his first-hand observations of the poverty and powerlessness of the masses, he decided that the only remedy for Latin America's economic and social inequities lay in revolution.

Guevara narrated this journey in The Motorcycle Diaries, translated in 1996 (and turned into a motion picture of the same name in 2004). Guevara and the 29-year-old Alberto soon set off from their hometown of Alta Gracia. In 1951, Guevara's older friend, Alberto Granado, a biochemist and a political radical, suggested that Guevara take a year off from his medical studies to embark on a trip they had talked of doing for years, traversing South America on a Norton 500 cc motorcycle nicknamed La Poderosa meaning "the mighty one", with the idea of spending a few weeks volunteering at a leper colony in Peru on the banks of the Amazon River during the trip. He spent many of his holidays traveling around Latin America.

There he also excelled as a scholar and completed his medical studies in March 1953. In 1948, he entered the University of Buenos Aires to study medicine. Though suffering from the crippling bouts of asthma that were to handicap him throughout his life, he excelled as an athlete. In this upper-middle class family with strongly left-wing views, Guevara became known for his dynamic and radical perspective even as a boy.

Guevara Lynch married Celia de la Serna y Llosa in 1927 and they had five children. Her son Ernesto Guevara Lynch (Guevara's father) was born in 1900. Francisco Lynch (Guevara's great-grandfather) was born in 1817, and Ana Lynch (his beloved grandmother) in 1861. He left for Bilbao, Spain, and traveled from there to Argentina.

One of Guevara's forebears, Patrick Lynch, was born in Galway, Ireland in 1715. The birth certificate may have been deliberately falsified to help shield the family from a scandal relating to his mother's having been three months pregnant when she was married. The date of birth recorded on his birth certificate was June 14, 1928. Guevara was born in Rosario, Argentina, the eldest of five children in a family of mixed Spanish and Irish descent.

. He also became a popular icon for revolution and left-wing political ideals in Western culture. After his death, Guevara became a hero of Third World socialist revolutionary movements, as a theorist and tactician of asymmetric warfare. The details of his death are unclear, but many believe the Bolivian government purposefully executed him in order to avoid a public trial and potential martyrization of Che's image.

It is believed by some that the CIA wished to keep Guevara alive for interrogation, but he died at the hands of the Bolivian Army in La Higuera near Vallegrande on October 9, 1967. After serving in various important posts in the new government, Guevara left Cuba in 1965 with the hope of fomenting revolutions in other countries, first in the Congo-Kinshasa (currently the Democratic Republic of the Congo) and later in Bolivia, where he was captured in a CIA-organized military operation. Guevara was a member of Fidel Castro's "26th of July Movement", which seized power in Cuba in 1959. Ernesto Rafael Guevara de la Serna (June 14, 1928^[1] – October 9, 1967), commonly known as Che Guevara or el Che, was an Argentine-born Marxist revolutionary and Cuban guerrilla leader.

Dr. Colegio Cesar Chavez. Che-Lives. Guevarism.

Pop culture images of Che Guevara. Luis Carlos Prestes. History of Cuba. Travelling with Che Guevara - The Making of a Revolutionary, Alberto Granado, Pimlico, ISBN 1-8441-3426-1.

June 1985. Davis, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Public Relations. Guerrilla Warfare Ernesto Guevara and Thomas M. Guevara, Also Known as Che, Paco Ignacio Taibo II, Saint Martin's Press, ISBN 0312206526.

The Che Guevara Reader, Collection of Guevara works edited by David Deutschmann, Ocean Press, ISBN 1876175699. Chapter 1 includes the story of the falsified birth certificate. Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life, Jon Lee Anderson, Bantam Press, ISBN 0553406647 or Grove Press, ISBN 0-8021-1600-0. Socialism and Man in Cuba: Also Fidel Castro on the Twentieth Anniversary of Guevara's Death, Monad, paperback.

Manifesto: Three Classic Essays on How to Change the World, Consortium, paperback. Our America and Theirs, Ocean Press (AU), paperback, ISBN 1876175818. Critical Notes on Political Economy, Ocean Press, paperback. Che Guevara Reader: Writings on Guerrilla Warfare, Politics and History, Ocean Press, paperback.

Che Guevara Talks to Young People, Pathfinder, paperback. Che Guevara Speaks, Pathfinder, paperback. Reminiscences of the Cuban Revolutionary War, Monthly Review Press, paperback, 1998. Guerrilla Warfare, Souvenir Press Ltd, paperback, ISBN 0285636804.

Bolivian Diary, Pimlico, paperback, ISBN 0712664572. The African Dream: The Diaries of the Revolutionary War in the Congo, Grove Press, paperback. Back on the Road: A Journey to Central America (Harvill Panther S.), The Harvill Press, paperback, ISBN 0802139426. The Motorcycle Diaries: Notes on a Latin American Journey, Perennial Press, ISBN 0007182228.

The Diary of Che Guevara, Amereon Ltd,. Self-Portrait: Che Guevara, Ocean Press, 320pp, paperback, 2005. Original copies of the "Guevara" edition of the Japanese Famicom edition go for high amounts on the collectors' market. Che Guevara's exploits during the Cuban Revolution were very loosely dramatized in the 1987 video game Guevara, released by SNK in Japan and "converted" into Guerrilla War for Western audiences, removing all references to Che but keeping all the visuals and a game map that clearly resembles Cuba.

Che: The Movie at the Internet Movie Database – Benicio Del Toro (announced to begin production in 2005). The Motorcycle Diaries (Diarios de motocicleta) – Gael García Bernal (2004). Fidel at the Internet Movie Database – Gael García Bernal (2002). Hasta la victoria siempre at the Internet Movie Database – Alfredo Vasco (1999).

Leandro Katz (1997). "El Día Que Me Quieras" at the Internet Movie Database ("The Day You'll Love Me" is a song by Carlos Gardel) – dir. Evita at the Internet Movie Database – Antonio Banderas (1996). Che! at the Internet Movie Database – Omar Sharif (1969).

El 'Che' Guevara at the Internet Movie Database – Francisco Rabal (1968).