Orson WellesOrson Welles, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1937George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 - October 10, 1985) is commonly considered one of Hollywood's greatest directors, as well as a fine actor, broadcaster and screenwriter. Early careerWelles was born in 1915 in Kenosha, Wisconsin. He had an unusual childhood. Orson was christened with the role of wonder boy/child prodigy and seemed magically adept at it, though his personal relationships surely suffered as a result. His mother died when he was 9 and his father Richard Head Welles, receded into the past, a drunkard. Welles made his first film while at the Todd School and was brought under the guidance of the principal, Roger Hill, who became a surrogate father to Welles. The sometimes seen work Hearts of Age was made there while he was a student and also stars his first wife, Virginia Nicholson. He later made his stage debut at the famous Gate Theatre in Dublin, Ireland in 1931 when he talked himself onto the stage and appeared in small suppporting roles, and by 1934 was a radio director/actor in the United States, working with some of the cast that later became The Mercury Theatre. In that year, he married the actress and socialite Nicolson. Welles drew a great deal of attention in 1937 with a production of Shakespeare's Julius Caesar set in Fascist Italy and a voodoo-themed version of Macbeth featuring a primarily African American cast. Shortly afterward, he and producer John Houseman founded the Mercury Theatre company. Orson Welles's signatureWelles began playing The Shadow in late 1937; his deep voice suited the role well. In the summer of 1938, Welles and the Mercury Theatre began weekly broadcasts of short radio plays based on classic or popular literary works. Their October 30 broadcast of that year was an adaptation of the War of the Worlds. This brought Welles his first public notoriety on a national level—the program created panic among some listeners who found it completely convincing. Welles's adaptation of H. G. Wells's classic novel simulated a news broadcast, cutting into a routine dance music program to describe the landing of Martian spacecraft in Grovers Mill, New Jersey. The innovative broadcast was realistic enough to frighten many in the audience into believing that an actual Martian invasion was in progress. Recordings of the broadcast are still available (see old-time radio and also the UK Region 2 DVD of Citizen Kane). The publicity that resulted from this led to the offer of a three-picture Hollywood contract from RKO. Welles in HollywoodWelles toyed with various ideas for his first project for RKO, settling briefly on an adaptation of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness before ultimately rejecting it. RKOs budget projections made it impractical. In a display of his avant garde sensibility, Welles' plans for that project included filming the action entirely from the protagonist's point of view. Welles was once again the centre of controversy with his first film, Citizen Kane (1941). The gossip writer Louella Parsons convinced the yellow-press magnate, William Randolph Hearst, that he was the basis for Kane, with the result that Hearst's media empire boycotted the film. On its release, this event overshadowed the film's radical formal innovations. Welles is said to have sardonically remarked, concerning Hearst's attitude, that if he were to do a movie about the journalism magnate, the fact would be more grand and shockingly unbelievable than the fiction. This possibly apocryphal quote is uttered by Liev Schreiber (as Welles) in the 1999 TV movie RKO 281. Welles' second film for RKO was the more traditional The Magnificent Ambersons, adapted from the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Booth Tarkington, and on which RKO executives hoped to make back the money lost by Citizen Kane's relative commercial failure. Simultaneously, Welles worked with his Mercury Theatre fellows on a spy thriller, Journey Into Fear, which he co-wrote with Joseph Cotten. In addition to acting in the film, Welles was also a producer. Direction was credited solely to Norman Foster, but the film contains several expressionistic sequences indicating input by Welles. Welles denied having directed the film, but the visual style is very similar to his credited works. Whatever the case, Welles played a major role in its production, but he expressed disappointment at the finished product. During the production of Amberson's, Welles was asked to make a documentary film about South America on behalf of the U. S. Government. Welles left the United States to begin shooting this documentary after putting together the first rough cut of The Magnificent Ambersons, on the understanding that further editing decisions would be carried out via telegram. At this point RKO, in a perilous financial situation and fearing another commercial failure, wrested control of the film from Welles' Mercury Productions staff, cut over fifty minutes of footage, and added a reshot, upbeat ending: the cut footage, including Welles's original ending to the film, has been lost, apparently permanently. This event marked the beginning of a recurring pattern in Welles' Hollywood career of damaging executive interference. Ironically, Welles' South American documentary, entitled It's All True, never saw completion in Welles' lifetime. The surviving footage was released in 1993. In 1946, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer released The Stranger, starring Edward G. Robinson and Loretta Young as well as Welles himself. A noir-ish suspense film about the hunt for a Nazi war criminal, The Stranger was Welles' only commercial success as a director. Welles supposedly made the film to prove that he could make a conventional picture within time and budget constraints. He followed The Stranger with another noir drama for Columbia Pictures, The Lady from Shanghai. Welles played the protagonist, while his second wife, Rita Hayworth, played one of the villains. Like The Magnificent Ambersons, The Lady from Shanghai suffered heavy editing by its studio, and the excised portions are believed to be lost permanently. Columbia removed an hour of footage from Welles' final cut. Welles' notes for the film suggest that the excised footage would have aided audiences' comprehension of the story. Despite the editing, the theatrical cut still contains many examples of Welles' Expressionist film-making. Once released, the film was savaged by critics for its convoluted plot, and audiences disliked Hayworth as a villain. Welles' marriage to Hayworth -- already troubled during filming -- ended shortly after the film's release. Welles changed studios once again, moving to Republic Pictures, a studio with a reputation for making B-movies. The move marked a return to Shakespeare for Welles -- he chose to direct and star in an idiosyncratic production of Macbeth. Working with a very limited budget, Welles fashioned a Macbeth that emphasized the darkness of the play's themes and characters. Unfortunately for Welles, the finished film once again proved unpalatable to the movie-going public. Welles after HollywoodFrustrated by his experience with the studio system, Welles left Hollywood in 1948. The following year, he made a notable appearance in front of the camera. In Graham Greene's The Third Man, Welles (as Harry Lime) gave the infamous "Cuckoo Clock" speech. This is the only piece of dialogue in the film which Greene himself did not write: Welles penned it himself and insisted that it be put in. Greene is reputed to have hated it. Barring a brief return in 1958 to make Touch of Evil (which was also butchered by the studio, but has since been restored to something close to Welles' vision), the rest of Welles' directorial career was spent in Europe, his films self-financed with acting fees or, later, funded by sympathetic producers. On almost all of these projects he retained final cut, but the independence thus gained also resulted in drastically reduced budgets and technical facilities. Despite such setbacks, some of Welles' best work was produced during this period. He was an aficionado of stage magic and often appeared at Hollywood's Magic Castle. He even did TV, performing a few tricks with Lucille Ball as his assistant in an episode of I Love Lucy. In his later years, when his weight had ballooned, he appeared in a sketch on Johnny Carson's show, playing an extremely heavy and tyrannical king not unlike Henry VIII. Welles starred in many of his films and wrote the scripts, often using the talents of the Mercury Theatre. These included several stories from English literature, such as Macbeth (1948), Jane Eyre (which he produced uncredited, and in which he appeared opposite Joan Fontaine), and Chimes at Midnight (1965), an underrated classic in which Welles played Falstaff. Unfinished ProjectsWelles' exile from Hollywood and reliance on independent finance meant that many of his later cinema projects were filmed in a piecemeal fashion and some were not completed at all. In the mid 1950s Welles worked on a film adaptation of Cervantes' Don Quixote, initially on a commission from CBS television. CBS were unhappy with the original half hour television play and rejected the footage. Welles gleefully took this as an opportunity to expand the film to feature length, developing the screenplay to take Quixote and Sancho Panza into the modern age (an idea that later formed the basis of Jean-Marie Poiré's Les Visiteurs). Filming continued in a fragmentary fashion for a number of years whenever cast and crew could be assembled in one place. The project was finally abandoned with the death of Francisco Reiguera, the actor playing Quixote, in 1969. An incomplete version of the film was released in 1992. In 1970 Welles began shooting The Other Side of the Wind. Finance was from a number of sources, the largest of which being an Iranian company based in Paris and run by the brother in law of the Shah of Iran. The film is apparently the story of the efforts of a film director (played by John Huston) to complete his last Hollywood movie and is largely set at a lavish party. Although in 1972 the film was reported by Welles as being "96% complete" its legal ownership became a matter of dispute. Argument continued for a number of years until the 1979 Iranian Revolution effectively consigned it to a legal limbo. The negative remained in a Paris vault until in 2004 Welles's friend Peter Bogdanovich (who also acted in the film) announced his intention to resolve the legal difficulties and complete the production. Final yearsDuring his career he won one Oscar and was nominated for a further four. One of his last notable film appearances was as Cardinal Wolsey in A Man for All Seasons (1966). In 1971 the Academy gave him an Honorary award "For superlative artistry and versatility in the creation of motion pictures". Always a large figure of a man, he achieved profound obesity in his later years. He capitalized on his image in various advertising campaigns hawking certain brands of wines, hot dogs, and correspondence courses. A bootleg of the recording session for one of his later commercials still circulates on the Internet and elsewhere, often known simply as Frozen Peas. In the commercial, Welles flubs lines, grows progressively more annoyed with the copy, and gets slightly profane. Welles died of a heart attack in Hollywood, California at age 70. His last movie appearance was the 1987 independent film Someone To Love (released two years after his passing). His last TV appearance was in the introduction of the episode "The Dream Sequence Always Rings Twice" of the series Moonlighting. Welles also recorded a narration for the 1987 re-release of The Alan Parsons Project's Tales of Mystery and Imagination shortly before his death. Directorial filmography
Additional acting filmography
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Welles also recorded a narration for the 1987 re-release of The Alan Parsons Project's Tales of Mystery and Imagination shortly before his death. In 2003, Anderson released a letter in support of PETA's boycott of Kentucky Fried Chicken; stating, "What KFC does to 750 million chickens, each year, is not civilized or acceptable.". His last TV appearance was in the introduction of the episode "The Dream Sequence Always Rings Twice" of the series Moonlighting. In 1999, Anderson received the Linda McCartney Award for animal rights protectors. His last movie appearance was the 1987 independent film Someone To Love (released two years after his passing). After this, she began touring across the States, signing autographs to fans at Wal-Mart stores nationwide. Welles died of a heart attack in Hollywood, California at age 70. In 2004, Pamela Anderson released the book Star, in which she describes a young teenager doing different things in order to reach fame. In the commercial, Welles flubs lines, grows progressively more annoyed with the copy, and gets slightly profane. She is currently a columnist for the Canadian Elle magazine and voices the title character on the animated series Stripperella. A bootleg of the recording session for one of his later commercials still circulates on the Internet and elsewhere, often known simply as Frozen Peas. She has lived in California since 1989. Always a large figure of a man, he achieved profound obesity in his later years. He capitalized on his image in various advertising campaigns hawking certain brands of wines, hot dogs, and correspondence courses. Anderson became a naturalized citizen of the United States on May 12, 2004, while retaining her Canadian citizenship. In 1971 the Academy gave him an Honorary award "For superlative artistry and versatility in the creation of motion pictures". Lee denies having the disease and claims this is part of a ploy to take custody of their children. One of his last notable film appearances was as Cardinal Wolsey in A Man for All Seasons (1966). Anderson jokingly said on Howard Stern's radio show that she does not expect to live more than ten or fifteen years [1] (http://www.pamelaanderson.com/news/news.asp?item=2056), but this was misconstrued and taken seriously by many Internet sites and tabloids. During his career he won one Oscar and was nominated for a further four. In October 2003, Ms. The negative remained in a Paris vault until in 2004 Welles's friend Peter Bogdanovich (who also acted in the film) announced his intention to resolve the legal difficulties and complete the production. Anderson became the celebrity spokesperson for the American Liver Foundation, and served as the Grand Marshall of the SOS motorcycle ride fundraiser in October. Argument continued for a number of years until the 1979 Iranian Revolution effectively consigned it to a legal limbo. In March 2002, Anderson publicly stated that she had contracted the Hepatitis C virus from Lee (supposedly from sharing tattoo needles), and began writing a regular column for Jane magazine. Although in 1972 the film was reported by Welles as being "96% complete" its legal ownership became a matter of dispute. The woman had been arrested while sleeping in a guest room of Anderson's home, but she was only charged with trespassing and not the more serious crime of stalking. The film is apparently the story of the efforts of a film director (played by John Huston) to complete his last Hollywood movie and is largely set at a lavish party. In March 2001, Christine Evelyn Roth pled guilty to a misdemeanor charge of trespassing and was deported to her home country, France. Finance was from a number of sources, the largest of which being an Iranian company based in Paris and run by the brother in law of the Shah of Iran. Anderson sued an Internet company which was distributing the video, and some media sources reported that she settled the case for $10 million. In 1970 Welles began shooting The Other Side of the Wind. A pornographic home video of Pamela Anderson and Tommy Lee was stolen from their home, and made a huge stir on the Internet. An incomplete version of the film was released in 1992. Since, she has become engaged to model Marcus Schenkenberg, broken up with him, and became engaged to rock musician Kid Rock. The project was finally abandoned with the death of Francisco Reiguera, the actor playing Quixote, in 1969. Anderson filed for divorce twice and reconciled twice, before finally breaking her relationship with Lee. Filming continued in a fragmentary fashion for a number of years whenever cast and crew could be assembled in one place. She married rock star Tommy Lee of the band Mötley Crüe after knowing him for only 96 hours. Welles gleefully took this as an opportunity to expand the film to feature length, developing the screenplay to take Quixote and Sancho Panza into the modern age (an idea that later formed the basis of Jean-Marie Poiré's Les Visiteurs). In addition to her fame from modelling and acting, Anderson has gotten a great deal of press attention for her flamboyant personal life. CBS were unhappy with the original half hour television play and rejected the footage. In 1996, she appeared in a feature film, Barb Wire, which failed to achieve commercial success; and in 1998 she appeared in her own television series, V.I.P., which ran for four seasons. In the mid 1950s Welles worked on a film adaptation of Cervantes' Don Quixote, initially on a commission from CBS television. But her rise to stardom came primarily from her role as C J Parker (1992-1997) on Baywatch. Welles' exile from Hollywood and reliance on independent finance meant that many of his later cinema projects were filmed in a piecemeal fashion and some were not completed at all. Anderson's first major television role was on the United States hit television sitcom Home Improvement (1991-1993). These included several stories from English literature, such as Macbeth (1948), Jane Eyre (which he produced uncredited, and in which he appeared opposite Joan Fontaine), and Chimes at Midnight (1965), an underrated classic in which Welles played Falstaff. She was hired by Labatt's to promote their product, and soon after, she appeared in Playboy magazine. Welles starred in many of his films and wrote the scripts, often using the talents of the Mercury Theatre. She was subsequently "discovered" in 1989 when she was wearing a Labatt's beer t-shirt at a football game. In his later years, when his weight had ballooned, he appeared in a sketch on Johnny Carson's show, playing an extremely heavy and tyrannical king not unlike Henry VIII. As the first baby born on Canada's Centennial Day, the newborn Anderson won fame as the nation's "Centennial Baby". He even did TV, performing a few tricks with Lucille Ball as his assistant in an episode of I Love Lucy. Anderson was born in Ladysmith, British Columbia, Canada on July 1, 1967. He was an aficionado of stage magic and often appeared at Hollywood's Magic Castle. Pamela Denise Anderson (born July 1, 1967) is an international television actress, model, and producer known as much for her tumultuous personal life as for her professional accomplishments. Despite such setbacks, some of Welles' best work was produced during this period. On almost all of these projects he retained final cut, but the independence thus gained also resulted in drastically reduced budgets and technical facilities. Barring a brief return in 1958 to make Touch of Evil (which was also butchered by the studio, but has since been restored to something close to Welles' vision), the rest of Welles' directorial career was spent in Europe, his films self-financed with acting fees or, later, funded by sympathetic producers. Greene is reputed to have hated it. This is the only piece of dialogue in the film which Greene himself did not write: Welles penned it himself and insisted that it be put in. In Graham Greene's The Third Man, Welles (as Harry Lime) gave the infamous "Cuckoo Clock" speech. The following year, he made a notable appearance in front of the camera. Frustrated by his experience with the studio system, Welles left Hollywood in 1948. Unfortunately for Welles, the finished film once again proved unpalatable to the movie-going public. Working with a very limited budget, Welles fashioned a Macbeth that emphasized the darkness of the play's themes and characters. The move marked a return to Shakespeare for Welles -- he chose to direct and star in an idiosyncratic production of Macbeth. Welles changed studios once again, moving to Republic Pictures, a studio with a reputation for making B-movies. Welles' marriage to Hayworth -- already troubled during filming -- ended shortly after the film's release. Once released, the film was savaged by critics for its convoluted plot, and audiences disliked Hayworth as a villain. Despite the editing, the theatrical cut still contains many examples of Welles' Expressionist film-making. Welles' notes for the film suggest that the excised footage would have aided audiences' comprehension of the story. Columbia removed an hour of footage from Welles' final cut. Like The Magnificent Ambersons, The Lady from Shanghai suffered heavy editing by its studio, and the excised portions are believed to be lost permanently. He followed The Stranger with another noir drama for Columbia Pictures, The Lady from Shanghai. Welles played the protagonist, while his second wife, Rita Hayworth, played one of the villains. Welles supposedly made the film to prove that he could make a conventional picture within time and budget constraints. A noir-ish suspense film about the hunt for a Nazi war criminal, The Stranger was Welles' only commercial success as a director. Robinson and Loretta Young as well as Welles himself. In 1946, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer released The Stranger, starring Edward G. The surviving footage was released in 1993. Ironically, Welles' South American documentary, entitled It's All True, never saw completion in Welles' lifetime. This event marked the beginning of a recurring pattern in Welles' Hollywood career of damaging executive interference. At this point RKO, in a perilous financial situation and fearing another commercial failure, wrested control of the film from Welles' Mercury Productions staff, cut over fifty minutes of footage, and added a reshot, upbeat ending: the cut footage, including Welles's original ending to the film, has been lost, apparently permanently. Welles left the United States to begin shooting this documentary after putting together the first rough cut of The Magnificent Ambersons, on the understanding that further editing decisions would be carried out via telegram. Government. S. During the production of Amberson's, Welles was asked to make a documentary film about South America on behalf of the U. Welles denied having directed the film, but the visual style is very similar to his credited works. Whatever the case, Welles played a major role in its production, but he expressed disappointment at the finished product. Direction was credited solely to Norman Foster, but the film contains several expressionistic sequences indicating input by Welles. In addition to acting in the film, Welles was also a producer. Simultaneously, Welles worked with his Mercury Theatre fellows on a spy thriller, Journey Into Fear, which he co-wrote with Joseph Cotten. Welles' second film for RKO was the more traditional The Magnificent Ambersons, adapted from the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Booth Tarkington, and on which RKO executives hoped to make back the money lost by Citizen Kane's relative commercial failure. This possibly apocryphal quote is uttered by Liev Schreiber (as Welles) in the 1999 TV movie RKO 281. Welles is said to have sardonically remarked, concerning Hearst's attitude, that if he were to do a movie about the journalism magnate, the fact would be more grand and shockingly unbelievable than the fiction. On its release, this event overshadowed the film's radical formal innovations. The gossip writer Louella Parsons convinced the yellow-press magnate, William Randolph Hearst, that he was the basis for Kane, with the result that Hearst's media empire boycotted the film. Welles was once again the centre of controversy with his first film, Citizen Kane (1941). In a display of his avant garde sensibility, Welles' plans for that project included filming the action entirely from the protagonist's point of view. RKOs budget projections made it impractical. Welles toyed with various ideas for his first project for RKO, settling briefly on an adaptation of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness before ultimately rejecting it. The publicity that resulted from this led to the offer of a three-picture Hollywood contract from RKO. Recordings of the broadcast are still available (see old-time radio and also the UK Region 2 DVD of Citizen Kane). The innovative broadcast was realistic enough to frighten many in the audience into believing that an actual Martian invasion was in progress. Wells's classic novel simulated a news broadcast, cutting into a routine dance music program to describe the landing of Martian spacecraft in Grovers Mill, New Jersey. G. This brought Welles his first public notoriety on a national level—the program created panic among some listeners who found it completely convincing. Welles's adaptation of H. Their October 30 broadcast of that year was an adaptation of the War of the Worlds. In the summer of 1938, Welles and the Mercury Theatre began weekly broadcasts of short radio plays based on classic or popular literary works. Welles began playing The Shadow in late 1937; his deep voice suited the role well. Shortly afterward, he and producer John Houseman founded the Mercury Theatre company. Welles drew a great deal of attention in 1937 with a production of Shakespeare's Julius Caesar set in Fascist Italy and a voodoo-themed version of Macbeth featuring a primarily African American cast. In that year, he married the actress and socialite Nicolson. He later made his stage debut at the famous Gate Theatre in Dublin, Ireland in 1931 when he talked himself onto the stage and appeared in small suppporting roles, and by 1934 was a radio director/actor in the United States, working with some of the cast that later became The Mercury Theatre. The sometimes seen work Hearts of Age was made there while he was a student and also stars his first wife, Virginia Nicholson. Welles made his first film while at the Todd School and was brought under the guidance of the principal, Roger Hill, who became a surrogate father to Welles. His mother died when he was 9 and his father Richard Head Welles, receded into the past, a drunkard. Orson was christened with the role of wonder boy/child prodigy and seemed magically adept at it, though his
personal relationships surely suffered as a result. He had an
unusual childhood. Welles was born in 1915 in Kenosha, Wisconsin. George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 - October 10, 1985) is commonly considered one of Hollywood's greatest directors, as well as a fine actor, broadcaster and screenwriter. Someone To Love (1987). Transformers: The Movie (voice) (1986). History of the World, Part I (1981) (narration). Shogun, mini-series (narrator) (1980). The Muppet Movie (1979). Treasure Island (1972). Waterloo (1970). Catch-22 (1970). I'll Never Forget What's'isname (1967). Casino Royale (1967). A Man for All Seasons (1966). Paris brûle-t-il? (1966). The V.I.P.s (1963). Compulsion (1959). The Long Hot Summer (1958). Moby Dick (1956). Napoleon (1955). Trent's Last Case (1952). The Black Rose (1950). Prince of Foxes (1949). The Third Man (1949). Jane Eyre (1944). Filming Othello (1978). F for Fake (1976) (aka Vérités et mensonges). The Other Side of the Wind (1972). Moby Dick (1971, released 1999). The Deep (1970). Don Quixote (1969, released 1992). Chimes at Midnight (1965). The Trial (1962). Touch of Evil (1958). Arkadin (1955). Mr. Around The World With Orson Welles (1955) - five short travelogues for the BBC. Othello (1952) - winner of the Palme d'Or, 1952 Cannes Film Festival. Macbeth (1948). The Lady from Shanghai (1947). The Stranger (1946). Journey Into Fear (1943) - uncredited, co-director with Norman Foster. It's All True (1942, released 1993). The Magnificent Ambersons (1942) - nominated for Oscar for Best Picture; famously shortened and recut against Welles's wishes. Citizen Kane (1941) - won Oscar for Best Writing, Original Screenplay; nominated for Best Actor, Best Picture and Best Director. Too Much Johnson. Hearts of Age (1928). |