North Dakota |
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| State nickname: Peace Garden State, Roughrider State, Flickertail State | |
| Other U.S. States | |
| Capital | Bismarck |
| Largest city | Fargo |
| Governor | John Hoeven |
| Official languages | English |
| Area | 183 272 km² (19th) |
| - Land | 178 839 km² |
| - Water | 4 432 km² (2.4%) |
| Population (2000) | |
| - Population | 642 200 (47th) |
| - Density | 3.59 /km² (47th) |
| Admission into Union | |
| - Date | November 2, 1889 |
| - Order | 39th |
| Time zone | Central: UTC-6/-5 (northwestern and
eastern) Mountain: UTC-7/-6 (southwestern) |
| Latitude | 45°55′N to 49°00′N |
| Longitude | 96°33′W to 104°03′W |
| Width | 340 km |
| Length | 545 km |
| Elevation | |
| - Highest | White Butte, 1 069 m |
| - Mean | 580 m |
| - Lowest | Red River, 229 m |
| Abbreviations | |
| - USPS | ND |
| - ISO 3166-2 | US-ND |
| Web site | www.discovernd.com |
North Dakota is a state of the United States, named after the Dakota segment of the Sioux Native American Indians. Its U.S. postal abbreviation is ND. The entire state is covered by area code 701.
The United States Navy vessels USS North Dakota and Flickertail State were named in honor of North Dakota.
full article: History of North Dakota
The Dakotas made up the last arable region in the United States to be explored and settled. The French-Canadian trader La Vérendrye was the first documented non-Native American explorer of the area, leading a party to the Mandan villages about 1738.
The trading arrangement between tribes was such that North Dakota tribes rarely dealt directly with Europeans. However, the native tribes were in sufficient contact that by the time of Lewis and Clark, they were at least somewhat aware of the French, then Spanish claims to their territory.
The state was settled sparsely until the late 1800s, when the railroads pushed through the state, and aggressively marketed the land. On 2 November 1889, North Dakota was admitted to the Union with South Dakota (see Trivia below).
The territorial and early state governments were largely corrupt. Early in the 20th century, a wave of populism led by the Non Partisan League brought social reforms. The Great Depression was rough on the state and came several years early with the 1920s farm crisis. The original state capitol burned to the ground in the 1930s and was replaced by a concrete art deco skyscraper that still stands today.
The 1950s brought a wave of federal construction projects, including Garrison Dam and the Minot and Grand Forks Air Force bases. The 1980s saw an oil boom in the Williston basin, as skyrocketing petroleum prices made development profitable, driving state population to a peak near 800,000. Since then the state has been experiencing a period of economic and demographic decline, and population is down to around 640,000, about as many as lived in the state in 1920s.
The capital of North Dakota is Bismarck and its current governor is John Hoeven (Republican). Its two current U.S. senators are Kent Conrad (Dem-NPL) and Byron Dorgan (Dem-NPL). Its congressman is Earl Pomeroy (Dem-NPL).
North Dakota has a bicameral legislature. The state elects two House Representatives and one Senator from each of 47 districts apportioned by population. The legislature meets in an 80-day regular session in odd-numbered years, and in special session if summoned by the governor. See also: North Dakota Legislative Assembly, North Dakota Senate, North Dakota House of Representatives
The major political parties in North Dakota are the Republican Party and the Democratic-NPL Party. However, North Dakota does have some active third political parties.
The structure of North Dakota's judiciary is not terribly complex. Each of the 53 counties has a court, from which appeals are sent directly to the North Dakota Supreme Court. Because of the expense of having each county hire a judge, and the fairly low workload, the state is divided into seven judicial districts which collectively elect judges to travel to the various courthouses and hear cases.
District Judges are elected to six-year terms. Supreme Court Judges are elected to ten-year terms. The Supreme Court Justice is selected every 5 years by vote of the District and Supreme Court Judges.
See: List of North Dakota Governors, List of United States Senators from North Dakota
See: List of North Dakota counties
North Dakota is bordered on the north by the Canadian Provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba, on the west by Montana, on the south by South Dakota, and on the east, across the Red River of the North, by Minnesota. The Missouri River flows through the western part of the state, forming Lake Sakakawea behind the Garrison Dam.
Farms and ranches stretch across the rolling plains from the Red River Valley in the east to the rugged Badlands in the west. The geographic center of the North American continent is located near Rugby.
The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that North Dakota's total state product in 2003 was $21 billion. Per capital personal income in 2003 was $28,922, 32nd in the nation. The state's agricultural outputs include wheat, cattle, barley, flax, milk, soybeans, sunflowers, and sugar beets. Its small industrial output includes electric power, food processing, machinery, coal mining, and tourism.
North Dakota has the only state-owned bank in the United States, the Bank of North Dakota. The bank, by law, holds all funds of all state and local government agencies in North Dakota. Its deposits are not guaranteed by the FDIC, but by the State of North Dakota itself.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2003, North Dakota's population was estimated at 633,837 people.
The racial makeup of the state is:
The 5 largest ancestry groups in North Dakota are: German (43.9%), Norwegian (30.1%), Irish (7.7%), American Indian (5%), Swedish (5%).
6.1% of North Dakota's population were reported as under 5, 25% under 18, and 14.7% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 50.1% of the population.
Of the 50 US states, North Dakota currently ranks 47th in population, ahead of only Vermont, Alaska, and Wyoming.
North Dakota has experienced a decline in population over the last 20 years, primarily among skilled college graduates for whom there are few jobs in the state. State leaders have been at a loss to address the issue. Student loan forgiveness programs for health and education professionals have been initiated with some degree of success, but a larger program to forgive the loans of all college graduates residing in the state for a given period of time failed to pass a referendum. Some federal politicians, including Byron Dorgan, have proposed a new "Homestead Act" to incentivize living in areas losing population through tax breaks and other considerations, but these have also made little headway.
Many North Dakota politicians believe that better economic development programs will eventually resolve the issue, but opinions are mixed as to what exactly that would entail.
The religious affiliations of the people of North Dakota are:
See also: List of cities in North Dakota
By population, the ten largest urban centres in the state are:
The population trends in the state are noting a distinct shift from the rural areas to the larger cities. Most of North Dakota's largest communities grew between 1990 and 2000.
Between 1990 and 2000, the USA as a whole grew by 13.1%, yet North Dakota grew a mere 0.5%. It is the only state (along with Washington DC) whose population declined (by 1.3%) between April 1, 2000 and July 1, 2003; this decline has become a major political issue.
North Dakota's leaders frequently boast that the educational scene in the state is excellent. However, because the economic situation is no match for it, many skilled graduates leave the state.
North Dakota boasts one of the healthiest higher education scenes in the nation. There are 11 public colleges and universities, 5 tribal community colleges, and 4 private schools in the state. The largest and oldest institution is the University of North Dakota in Grand Forks.
The higher education system consists of the following institutions:
A bill for statehood for North and South Dakota (and Montana, and Washington) was passed on February 22, 1889 during the Administration of Grover Cleveland. It was left to his successor Benjamin Harrison to sign proclamations formally admitting North and South Dakota to the Union on November 2, 1889. However, the rivalry between the northern and southern territories presented a dilemma: only one, upon the President's signature on the proclamation, could gain the distinction of being admitted before the other. So Harrison directed his Secretary of State James Blaine to shuffle the papers and obscure from him which he was signing first, and the priority went unrecorded.
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So Harrison directed his Secretary of State James Blaine to shuffle the
papers and obscure from him which he was signing first, and the priority went unrecorded. See: Music of Tennessee. However, the rivalry
between the northern and southern territories presented a dilemma: only one, upon the President's signature on the proclamation,
could gain the distinction of being admitted before the other. See: Tennessee State Flag. It was left to his successor Benjamin Harrison to sign proclamations formally admitting North and South Dakota to the Union on
November 2, 1889. See the List of famous Tennesseans and the List of Governors of Tennessee. A bill for statehood for North and South Dakota (and Montana, and Washington) was passed on February
22, 1889 during the Administration of Grover Cleveland. The higher education system consists of the following institutions:. Tennessee cities' claims to fame are:. The largest and oldest institution is the University of North Dakota in Grand Forks. As of 2000, the population is 5,689,283. There are 11 public colleges and universities, 5 tribal community colleges, and 4 private schools in the state. The three towns of Bristol, Kingsport, and Johnson City make up a fifth significant population center, often called the "Tri-Cities", in the far northeast of the state. North Dakota boasts one of the healthiest higher education scenes in the nation. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of the state near the Great Smoky Mountains, have approximately a third of Memphis or Nashville's population. However, because the economic situation is no match for it, many skilled graduates leave the state. Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state, but Nashville has a slightly larger metropolitan area. North Dakota's leaders frequently boast that the educational scene in the state is excellent. The capital is Nashville. It is the only state (along with Washington DC) whose population declined (by 1.3%) between April 1, 2000 and July 1, 2003; this decline has become a major political issue. The three largest Protestant denominations in Tennessee are: Baptist (43% of the total state population), Methodist (11%), Churches of Christ (5%). Between 1990 and 2000, the USA as a whole grew by 13.1%, yet North Dakota grew a mere 0.5%. The religious affiliations of the citizens of Tennessee are:. Most of North Dakota's largest communities grew between 1990 and 2000. Females made up approximately 51.3% of the population. The population trends in the state are noting a distinct shift from the rural areas to the larger cities. 6.6% of Tennessee's population were reported as under 5, 24.6% under 18, and 12.4% were 65 or older. By population, the ten largest urban centres in the state are:. The 5 largest ancestry groups in Tennessee are American (17.5%), African American (16.4%), Irish (9.3%), English (9.1%), German (8.3%). See also: List of cities in North Dakota. The racial makeup of the state is:. The religious affiliations of the people of North Dakota are:. Census Bureau, as of 2003, Tennessee's population was estimated at 5,841,748 people. Many North Dakota politicians believe that better economic development programs will eventually resolve the issue, but opinions are mixed as to what exactly that would entail. According to the U.S. Some federal politicians, including Byron Dorgan, have proposed a new "Homestead Act" to incentivize living in areas losing population through tax breaks and other considerations, but these have also made little headway. The overall state tax rate is relatively low, however, as Tennessee does not tax wage and salary income (although it does tax unearned income). Student loan forgiveness programs for health and education professionals have been initiated with some degree of success, but a larger program to forgive the loans of all college graduates residing in the state for a given period of time failed to pass a referendum. Some cities charge additional taxes, leading to some of the highest sales taxes in the United States. State leaders have been at a loss to address the issue. State sales tax is 7%, while the counties charge an additional 2.25% for a
total of 9.25% across Tennessee. North Dakota has experienced a decline in population over the last 20 years, primarily among skilled college graduates for
whom there are few jobs in the state. 6.1% of North Dakota's population were reported as under 5, 25% under 18, and 14.7% were 65 or older. Bureau of Economic Analysis, in 2003 Tennessee's Gross State Product was $199,786,000,000, 1.8% of the total Gross Domestic Product. The 5 largest ancestry groups in North Dakota are: German (43.9%), Norwegian (30.1%), Irish (7.7%), American Indian (5%), Swedish (5%). According to U.S. The racial makeup of the state is:. Roughly from west to east, these are:. Census Bureau, as of 2003, North Dakota's population was estimated at 633,837 people. Tennessee features six principal geographic regions. According to the U.S. The Cumberland Plateau is generally considered the dividing line between East and Middle Tennessee. Its deposits are not guaranteed by the FDIC, but by the State of North Dakota itself. The Tennessee River is generally considered the dividing line between Middle and West Tennessee. The bank, by law, holds all funds of all state and local government agencies in North Dakota. The state of Tennessee is traditionally divided by its people into three grand divisions - East, Middle, and West Tennessee. North Dakota has the only state-owned bank in the United States, the Bank of North Dakota. The highest point in the state is the peak of Clingmans Dome at 6,643 feet (2,025 meters), which lies on Tennesee's eastern border. Its small industrial output includes electric power, food processing, machinery, coal mining, and tourism. The state is trisected by the Tennessee River. The state's agricultural outputs include wheat, cattle, barley, flax, milk, soybeans, sunflowers, and sugar beets. Tennessee is bordered on the north by Kentucky and Virginia, on the east by North Carolina, on the south by Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, and on the west by Arkansas and Missouri. Per capital personal income in 2003 was $28,922, 32nd in the nation. Tennessee lies adjacent to 8 other states, matched only by Missouri which also borders 8 states. Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that North Dakota's total state product in 2003 was $21 billion. See also: List of Tennessee counties, List of Tennessee state parks. The U.S. The first was adopted in 1796, the year Tennessee joined the union, and the second was adopted in 1834. The geographic center of the North American continent is located near Rugby. The state had two earlier constitutions. Farms and ranches stretch across the rolling plains from the Red River Valley in the east to the rugged Badlands in the west. Tennessee's current state constitution was adopted in 1870. The Missouri River flows through the western part of the state, forming Lake Sakakawea behind the Garrison Dam. The Court of Criminal Appeals has nine judges. North Dakota is bordered on the north by the Canadian Provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba, on the west by Montana, on the south by South Dakota, and on the east, across the Red River of the North, by Minnesota. The Court of Appeals has 12 judges. See: List of North Dakota counties. It has a chief justice and four associate justices. See: List of North Dakota Governors, List of United States Senators from North Dakota. The highest court in Tennessee is the state Supreme Court. The Supreme Court Justice is selected every 5 years by vote of the District and Supreme Court Judges. The General Assembly (the state's legislature) consists of the 33-member Senate and the 99-member House of Representatives. Senators serve four year terms, and House members serve two year terms. Supreme Court Judges are elected to ten-year terms. See:List of Tennessee Governors. District Judges are elected to six-year terms. The speaker of the state Senate has the title of lieutenant governor. Because of the expense of having each county hire a judge, and the fairly low workload, the state is divided into seven judicial districts which collectively elect judges to travel to the various courthouses and hear cases. Tennessee's governor holds office for a four year term and may serve any number of terms, but not more than two in a row. Each of the 53 counties has a court, from which appeals are sent directly to the North Dakota Supreme Court. Tennessee celebrated its bicentennial in 1996 after a yearlong statewide celebration entitled "Tennessee 200" by opening a new state park (Bicentennial Mall) at the foot of Capitol Hill in Nashville. The structure of North Dakota's judiciary is not terribly complex. During World War II, Oak Ridge was selected as a US Department of Energy national laboratory, one of the principal sites for the Manhattan Project's production and isolation of weapons-grade fissile material. However, North Dakota does have some active third political parties. The need to create work for the unemployed during the Depression, the desire for rural electrification, and the desire to control the annual spring floods on the Tennessee River drove the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the nation's largest public utility, in 1933. The major political parties in North Dakota are the Republican Party and the Democratic-NPL Party. In 1897, the state celebrated its centennial of statehood (albeit one year late) with a great exposition. See also: North Dakota Legislative Assembly, North Dakota Senate, North Dakota House of Representatives. Tennessee was the only state that seceded from the Union that did not have a military governor after the American Civil War, mostly due to the influence of President Andrew Johnson, a native of the state, who was Lincoln's vice president and succeeded him as president, due to the assassination. The legislature meets in an 80-day regular session in odd-numbered years, and in special session if summoned by the governor. After the American Civil War, Tennessee adopted a new constitution that abolished slavery (February 22, 1865), ratified the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution on July 18, 1866, and was the first state readmitted to the Union (July 24 of the same year). The state elects two House Representatives and one Senator from each of 47 districts apportioned by population. Tennessee was the last Confederate state to secede from the Union when it did so on June 8, 1861. North Dakota has a bicameral legislature. Tennessee was admitted to the Union in 1796 as the 16th state, and was created by taking the north and south borders of North Carolina and extending them with only one small deviation to the Mississippi River, Tennessee's western boundary. Its congressman is Earl Pomeroy (Dem-NPL). This came to be known as the Trail of Tears, as an estimated 4,000 Cherokees died along the way.1. senators are Kent Conrad (Dem-NPL) and Byron Dorgan (Dem-NPL). From 1838 to 1839, nearly 17,000 Cherokees were forced to march from Eastern Tennessee to Indian Territory west of Arkansas. Its two current U.S. As European colonists spread into the area, the native populations were forcibly displaced to the south and west, including all Muscogee and Yuchi peoples, including the Chickasaw and Choctaw. The capital of North Dakota is Bismarck and its current governor is John Hoeven (Republican). For unknown reasons, possibly due to expanding European settlement in the north, the Cherokee, an Iroquoian tribe, moved south from the area now called Virginia. Since then the state has been experiencing a period of economic and demographic decline, and population is down to around 640,000, about as many as lived in the state in 1920s. When Spanish explorers first visited the area, led by Hernando de Soto in 1539-43, it was inhabited by tribes of Muscogee and Yuchi people. The 1980s saw an oil boom in the Williston basin, as skyrocketing petroleum prices made development profitable, driving state population to a peak near 800,000. The names of the cultural groups that inhabited the area between first settlement and the time of European contact are unknown, but several distinct cultural phases have been named by archaeologists, including Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian whose chiefdoms were the cultural predecessors of the Muscogee people who inhabited the Tennessee River Valley prior to Cherokee migration into the river's headwaters. The 1950s brought a wave of federal construction projects, including Garrison Dam and the Minot and Grand Forks Air Force bases. The area now known as Tennessee was first settled by Paleo-Indians nearly 11,000 years ago. The original state capitol burned to the ground in the 1930s and was replaced by a concrete art deco skyscraper that still stands today. When a constitutional convention met in 1796 to organize a new state out of the Southwest Territory, it adopted "Tennessee" as the name of the state. The Great Depression was rough on the state and came several years early with the 1920s farm crisis. In 1788, North Carolina named the third county to be established in what is now Middle Tennessee "Tennessee County". Early in the 20th century, a wave of populism led by the Non Partisan League brought social reforms. The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to James Glen, the Governor of South Carolina, who used this spelling in his official correspondence during the 1750s. The territorial and early state governments were largely corrupt. It has been said to mean "meeting place", "winding river", or "river of the great bend".[1] (http://www.state.tn.us/sos/statelib/pubsvs/faq.htm#01)[2] (http://www.tngenweb.org/campbell/hist-bogan/tennessee.html). On 2 November 1889, North Dakota was admitted to the Union with South Dakota (see Trivia below). Some accounts suggest it is a Cherokee modification of an earlier Yuchi or possibly Creek word. The state was settled sparsely until the late 1800s, when the railroads pushed through the state, and aggressively marketed the land. The meaning and origin of the word are uncertain. However, the native tribes were in sufficient contact that by the time of Lewis and Clark, they were at least somewhat aware of the French, then Spanish claims to their territory. The town was located on a river of the same name (now known as the Little Tennessee River). The trading arrangement between tribes was such that North Dakota tribes rarely dealt directly with Europeans. European settlers later encountered a Cherokee town named Tanasi (or "Tanase") in present-day Monroe County, Tennessee. The French-Canadian trader La Vérendrye was the first documented non-Native American explorer of the area, leading a party to the Mandan villages about 1738. The earliest variant of the name that became Tennessee was first recorded by Captain Juan Pardo, the Spanish explorer, when he and his men passed through a Native American village named "Tanasqui" in 1567 while travelling inland from South Carolina. The Dakotas made up the last arable region in the United States to be explored and settled. Tennessee is a Southern state of the United States. full article: History of North Dakota. ISBN 0870492853. The United States Navy vessels USS North Dakota and Flickertail State were named in honor of North Dakota. Knoville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1979. The entire state is covered by area code 701. Tennessee's Indian Peoples. postal abbreviation is ND. 1 Satz, Ronald. Its U.S. The USS Tennessee was named in honor of this state. North Dakota is a state of the United States, named after the Dakota segment of the Sioux Native American Indians. Constitution, allowing women the right to vote. Non-Religious – 3%. On August 18, 1920, Tennessee become the thirty-sixth and clinching state to ratify the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Non-Christian Religions – 1%. The Tennessee Valley Authority is based in Knoxville. Other Christian – 1%. State song: Tennessee (http://www.50states.com/songs/tenn6.htm). Roman Catholic – 30%. Cleveland Majic. Other Protestant — 10%. Nashville Rhythm. Baptist — 7%. Minor League basketball teams
Methodist — 8%. Johnson City Cardinals. Lutheran — 39%. Kingsport Mets. Protestant — 64%
1.2% Mixed race. Tennessee Smokies (Sevierville). 4.9% American Indian. West Tenn Diamond Jaxx (Jackson). 0.6% Asian. Chattanooga Lookouts. 1.2% Hispanic. Nashville Sounds. 0.6% Black. Memphis Redbirds. 91.7% White. Minor League baseball teams
Knoxville Ice Bears. Southern Professional Hockey League
Memphis Grizzlies. National Basketball Association
Gatlinburg - tourist destination, gateway to Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Pigeon Forge - tourist destination, home to Dollywood amusement park. Lebanon - home to Cracker Barrel restaurant chain and site of first location, home of Nashville Superspeedway. Murfreesboro - home of Middle Tennessee State University; geographic center of Tennessee; home of famous American Civil War Battle of Stones River (also known as the Battle of Murfreesboro); site of second state capital of Tennessee. Cleveland - Church Of God (Cleveland) headquarters. Fort Campbell - home of the United States Army's 101st Airborne Division (though the base headquarters and address lie in Kentucky, the majority of the base is located in Tennessee). Clarksville - main campus of Austin Peay State University. Lawrenceburg - home of legendary pioneer Davy Crockett. Carthage - home of recent Vice President and Presidential candidate Al Gore. Spring Hill - like Smyrna, major automotive manufacturing center, only for Saturn automobiles. Smyrna - site of very large Nissan production facility. Lynchburg - home of Jack Daniels distillery. Bristol - site of major NASCAR track. Oak Ridge - major scientific/research center, Manhattan Project. Chattanooga - major railroad hub, financial center, major Civil War battleground. Knoxville - main campus of University of Tennessee, proximity to the Great Smoky Mountains, site of original capital of Tennessee, Tennessee Valley Authority headquarters, site of the 1982 World's Fair and the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame. Nashville - State capital, world center of country music industry, Southern Baptist Convention headquarters, Home of Vanderbilt University and Tennessee State University among many other small private colleges and universities, home of Tennessee Titans and Nashville Predators professional sports teams. Memphis - blues music center, birthplace of rock and roll, assassination of Martin Luther King, home of Elvis Presley, home of Memphis Grizzlies NBA team, home of University of Memphis (formerly Memphis State University), home to worldwide shipping giant FedEx, one of the centers of 60s and 70s soul music (Stax, Hi). Non-Religious – 6%. Other Religions – 1%. Other Christian – 1%. Roman Catholic – 5%. Protestant – 85%. 1.1% mixed race. 1.0% Asian. 0.3% American Indian. 2.2% Hispanic. 16.4% Black. 79.2% White. state taxes. Major industries/products. State income. Blue Ridge Mountains - including the Great Smoky Mountains. Ridge-and-valley Appalachians. Cumberland Plateau - also called the Appalachian Plateau. Highland Rim - this is continuous with the region in Kentucky termed the Pennyroyal Plateau. Nashville Basin. Gulf Coastal Plain - including the Mississippi embayment. |