New Hampshire |
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| State nickname: The Granite State | |
| Other U.S. States | |
| Capital | Concord |
| Largest city | Manchester |
| Governor | John Lynch |
| Official languages | English |
| Area | 24,239 kmē (46th) |
| - Land | 23,249 kmē |
| - Water | 814 kmē (3.4%) |
| Population (2000) | |
| - Population | 1,235,786 (41st) |
| - Density | 53.20 /kmē (20th) |
| Admission into Union | |
| - Date | June 21, 1788 |
| - Order | 9th |
| Time zone | Eastern: UTC-5/-4 |
| Latitude | 42°40'N to 45°18'N |
| Longitude | 70°37'W to 72°37'W |
| Width | 110 km |
| Length | 305 km |
| Elevation | |
| - Highest | 1,917 m |
| - Mean | 305 m |
| - Lowest | 0 m |
| Abbreviations | |
| - USPS | NH |
| - ISO 3166-2 | US-NH |
| Web site | www.state.nh.us |
New Hampshire is a small U.S. state in northern New England. It is located east of Vermont, north of Massachusetts, south of Quebec, Canada, and west of Maine and the North Atlantic Ocean. The state ranks 46th of the 50 states in land area (23,249 km2) and 41st in population (around 1.3 million by a 2003 U.S. Census Bureau estimate). It is the site of the New Hampshire primary, the first primary in the U.S. presidential elections, and has probably the most famous of all state mottos: "Live free or die".
New Hampshire's state nickname is "the Granite State" because it has numerous granite quarries, although that industry has declined greatly in recent decades. The nickname has also been embraced for reflecting the state's attachment to tradition and limited government. Its state flower is the purple lilac. Its state bird is the purple finch. Its state tree is the American white birch, also called paper birch or canoe birch.
New Hampshire is home to the highest winds ever recorded on Earth: 231 mph in 1934 at the Mount Washington weather observatory in the Presidential Range.
In 2003 it gained international attention for having the first openly gay bishop, Gene Robinson, within the Anglican Communion (the Episcopal Church in the USA).
New Hampshire's recreational attractions include skiing and other winter sports; observing the fall foliage; the Lakes Region; and the New Hampshire International Speedway (formerly Loudon Racetrack), home of the Loudon Classic, the longest-running motorcycle race in the United States.
USS New Hampshire was named in honor of this state.
New Hampshire was founded by Captain John Mason and first settled in 1623, just three years after the Pilgrims landed in Massachusetts and it was one of the thirteen colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. It was the first state to declare its independence, and the historic attack on Fort William and Mary (now Fort Constitution) helped supply the cannon and ammunition needed for the Battle of Bunker Hill that took place north of Boston a few months later.
In the 1830's, NH saw two major news stories: the founding of the Republic of Indian Stream on its northern border with Canada over the unresolved post-revolutionary war border issue, and the founding of the modern Republican Party by Amos Tuck and friends. New Hampshire grew as a hotbed of Abolitionist sentiment up to the Civil War, participating in the Underground Railroad in providing safe routes into Canada, primarily via the Connecticut River waterway.
In the 20th Century, NH gained political renown for its First in the Nation political primaries which tended to accurately predict who would be elected President of the United States.
Main article: Government of New Hampshire
The New Hampshire state capital is Concord, which has also been known over time by the names Rumford and Penacook. The governor of New Hampshire is John Lynch (Democrat). New Hampshire's two U.S. senators are Judd Gregg (Republican) and John E. Sununu (Republican), whose father John H. Sununu was governor of the state from 1983-1988. List of New Hampshire Governors.
Unlike most states, New Hampshire does not have a Lieutenant Governor, but instead has a five-person Executive Council that is a holdover from the Governor's Council of the Colonial era. The Executive Council's duties include voting on state contracts worth more than $5,000, on on nominations made by the governor to major state positions such as department heads, and all judgeships.
The New Hampshire state legislature, called the General Court, has 400 members in the House and 24 in the Senate. It claims to be the third-largest legislative body in the English-speaking world, behind only the United States House of Representatives and the British House of Commons. Based on 2000 Census data, this averages out to about one Representative for every 3090 people.
State representatives and state senators are paid just $100 a year, plus mileage, effectively meaning that state laws are written by volunteers. Because of this pay scale, many New Hampshire lawmakers are either wealthy or retired.
New Hampshire's government has earned the positive attention of residents in neighboring states: Killington, Vermont voted on March 2, 2004 to secede from Vermont and join New Hampshire—a largely symbolic act, since actual secession would require the agreement of both states' legislatures and the U.S. Congress. Supporters note that almost all Vermont towns were first chartered by New Hampshire, and point out that these two states already have unusual cross-border links, with the only two interstate school districts in the United States.
See List of New Hampshire counties
New Hampshire is part of the New England region. It is bounded by Quebec, Canada to the north, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Massachusetts to the south, and Vermont to the west. New Hampshire's major regions are the Great North Woods, the White Mountains region, the Lakes region the Seacoast region, the Merrimack Valley region, the Monadnock region, and the Dartmouth-Lake Sunapee area.
See List of mountains in New Hampshire
New Hampshire was home to the famous geological formation called the Old Man of the Mountain, a face-like profile in Franconia Notch, until May 2-3, 2003, when the symbol of New Hampshire collapsed.
The Presidential Range in New Hampshire spans the central portion of the state, with Mount Washington being the tallest, and other mountains like Mount Madison and Mount Quincy Adams surrounding it. With hurricane force winds every third day on the average, 100 recorded deaths among visitors, and conspicous krummholz (dwarf, matted trees much like a carpet of bonsai), the upper reaches Mount Washington claim the distinction of the " worst weather on earth". In consequence, a non-profit observatory is located on the peak for the purposes of observing harsh environmental conditions.
In the flatter southwest corner of New Hampshire another feature, the prominent landmark and tourist attraction of Mount Monadnock, has given its name to a general class of earth-forms, a monadnock signifying in geomorphology any isolated resistant peak rising from a less resitant eroded plain.
See List of New Hampshire rivers
Major rivers include the 116 mile (187 km) Merrimack River, which bisects the state north-south and ends up in Massachusetts. Its major tributaries include the Souhegan River. The 410 mile (670 km) Connecticut River, which starts at New Hampshire's Connecticut Lakes and flows south to Connecticut, forms the western border of New Hampshire. Oddly, the state border is not in the center of that river, as is usually the case, but lies at the low-water mark on the Vermont side, so New Hampshire actually owns the whole river. The Piscataqua River and its several tributaries form the state's only significant ocean port where they flow into the Atlantic at Portsmouth.
The largest lake is Lake Winnipesaukee, which covers 72 square miles (186 kmē) in the central part of New Hampshire.
New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any coastal state, 18 miles (29 km) by state figures. (Under some federal definitions, Pennsylvania's coast is shorter: See Footnote in "Miscellaneous"). Hampton Beach is a popular local summer destination. About 10 miles (16 km) offshore are the Isles of Shoals, nine small islands best known as the site of a 19th-century art colony founded by poet Celia Thaxter, as well as the alleged location of one of the buried treasures of the pirate Blackbeard.
There is an ongoing boundary dispute with Maine in the area of Portsmouth Harbor, with NH claiming dominion over several islands (now known as Seavey Island) that include the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard as well as to the Maine towns of Kittery and Berwick, which NH asserts were granted to it by Massachusetts prior to Maine becoming a state of its own rather than just the northern part of Massachusetts, in the Missouri Compromise of 1820. This claim is also bolstered by British records of captured American POWs during the Revolutionary period, held in England, who claimed "Berwick, NH", "York, NH", and "Kittery, NH" as their home towns.
A dramatic change in the visual landscape of New Hampshire occurred about a century ago when its changed from an open landscape of fields and small farms: It is now the second-most-forested state in the country, after Maine, in terms of percentage of land covered by woods. This change was caused by the abandonment of farms by owners seeking wage jobs in urban areas or bank seizure of unproductive farms, with farming families moving west. The reversion forms the subject of many poems by Robert Frost, while the emigration is consistent with the results of NH native and newspaper legend Horace Greeley imploring, "Go West, Young Man."
The Bureau of Economic Analysis (http://www.bea.gov/) estimates that New Hampshire's total state product in 2003 was $49 billion. Per capital personal income in 2003 was $35,140, 7th in the nation. Its agricultural outputs are dairy products, nursery stock, cattle, apples, and eggs. Its industrial outputs are machinery, electric equipment, rubber and plastic products, and tourism.
New Hampshire experienced a significant shift in its economic base during the last century. Historically, the base was composed of the traditional New England manufactures of textiles, shoe-making, and small machining shops drawing upon low wage labor from nearby small farms and from Quebec. Today, these sectors contribute only 2% for textiles, 2% for leather goods, and 9% for machining of the state's total manufacturing dollar value (Source: US Economic Census for 1997, Manufacturing, New Hampshire). These traditional sectors experienced their sharp decline during the Twentieth Century due to increasingly obsolete plants and increasingly cheaper wages available in the US South.
The current New Hampshire economy is largely driven by fiscal policy. The state has no personal income tax and advocates a frugal budget, thereby attracting commuters, light industry, specialty horticulture, and service firms from other jurisdictions with high tax policies, notably from neighboring Massachusetts. This is a viable fiscal policy for a small, high-income state with limited social service demands, but it has not been one hundred per cent successful, and pockets of depressed manufacturing activity still remain. Additionally, New Hampshire's lack of a broad based tax system (aside from the controversial state-wide property tax which former Governor Benson cut nearly in half in two years) has resulted in the state's local communities having some of the nation's highest property taxes, yet overall NH remains ranked 49th in combined average state and local tax burden, due to its lack of income or sales taxes.
According to the Census Bureau, as of 2003, the population of New Hampshire was 1,287,687.
The racial makeup of the state is:
The 5 largest ancestry groups in New Hampshire are: Irish (19.4%), English (18%), French (14.6%), French Canadian (10.6%), German (8.6%).
The religious affiliations of the citizens of New Hampshire are:
The three largest Protestant denominations in New Hampshire are: Methodist (11% of the total state population), Baptist (9%), Presbyterian & Episcopalian (tied 2%).
* While Census records may seem to indicate that two separate Census Districts exist for this community, in fact one district is contained entirely within the other.
Minor league baseball teams:
Hockey teams:
Arena football teams:
See List of New Hampshire-related topics
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See List of New Hampshire-related topics. Other Tulsa teams include. Arena football teams:. Other Oklahoma City teams include. Hockey teams:. The minor league baseball teams are:. Minor league baseball teams:. Other ethnic celebrations include those of Yukon & Prague (celebrating the Czech heritage of some early immigrants), the Mennonite Relief Sale (in Enid, OK), and the Juneteenth Celebrations found all across the state. * While Census records may seem to indicate that two separate Census Districts exist for this community, in fact one district is contained entirely within the other.. The various government sponsored arts, community, and tourism programs emphasize Oklahoma's Native American heritage heavily. The three largest Protestant denominations in New Hampshire are: Methodist (11% of the total state population), Baptist (9%), Presbyterian & Episcopalian (tied 2%). Yet, despite this, there are still more registered Democrats in Oklahoma than Republicans. The religious affiliations of the citizens of New Hampshire are:. Bush carried every county in the state. The 5 largest ancestry groups in New Hampshire are: Irish (19.4%), English (18%), French (14.6%), French Canadian (10.6%), German (8.6%). In 2004, George W. The racial makeup of the state is:. (although the 1976 Carter-Ford race was close). According to the Census Bureau, as of 2003, the population of New Hampshire was 1,287,687. Interestingly, Oklahoma has been a staunch Republican state in national politics recently, voting for the Republican in every election since 1964. Additionally, New Hampshire's lack of a broad based tax system (aside from the controversial state-wide property tax which former Governor Benson cut nearly in half in two years) has resulted in the state's local communities having some of the nation's highest property taxes, yet overall NH remains ranked 49th in combined average state and local tax burden, due to its lack of income or sales taxes. Lucas (Republican) of District 3, Tom Cole (Republican) of District 4, and Ernest Istook (Republican) of District 5. This is a viable fiscal policy for a small, high-income state with limited social service demands, but it has not been one hundred per cent successful, and pockets of depressed manufacturing activity still remain. Representatives are John Sullivan (Republican) of District 1, Dan Boren (Democrat) of District 2, Frank D. The state has no personal income tax and advocates a frugal budget, thereby attracting commuters, light industry, specialty horticulture, and service firms from other jurisdictions with high tax policies, notably from neighboring Massachusetts. Inhofe (Republican) and Tom Coburn (Republican). The U.S. The current New Hampshire economy is largely driven by fiscal policy. senators are James M. These traditional sectors experienced their sharp decline during the Twentieth Century due to increasingly obsolete plants and increasingly cheaper wages available in the US South. Oklahoma's two U.S. Today, these sectors contribute only 2% for textiles, 2% for leather goods, and 9% for machining of the state's total manufacturing dollar value (Source: US Economic Census for 1997, Manufacturing, New Hampshire). For the 109th Congress (2005 – 2006) there are no changes in party strength, and the delegation has four Republicans and one Democrat. Historically, the base was composed of the traditional New England manufactures of textiles, shoe-making, and small machining shops drawing upon low wage labor from nearby small farms and from Quebec. After the 2000 census the Oklahoma delegation to the U.S. House was reduced from six to five representives. New Hampshire experienced a significant shift in its economic base during the last century. Other municipal governments in Oklahoma included indendent and dependent school districts, Vo-tech center districts, community college districts, rural fire departments, rural water districts, and special use districts. Its industrial outputs are machinery, electric equipment, rubber and plastic products, and tourism. Major cities are also allowed to form "charter governments," in which the voters choose the form of government they want to use in place of the statutory forms. Its agricultural outputs are dairy products, nursery stock, cattle, apples, and eggs. Towns are municipalities of under 1000 residents, while cities have more than 1000 residents. Per capital personal income in 2003 was $35,140, 7th in the nation. Cities and towns are established under the rights granted in the Oklahoma statutes (in comparison, Oklahoma gives municipal governments a great deal of latitude in chartering new governments). The Bureau of Economic Analysis (http://www.bea.gov/) estimates that New Hampshire's total state product in 2003 was $49 billion. Other county elected officials are the tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff. The reversion forms the subject of many poems by Robert Frost, while the emigration is consistent with the results of NH native and newspaper legend Horace Greeley imploring, "Go West, Young Man.". Each is governed by a three member commission. This change was caused by the abandonment of farms by owners seeking wage jobs in urban areas or bank seizure of unproductive farms, with farming families moving west. The state is divided into 77 counties which deliver local government. A dramatic change in the visual landscape of New Hampshire occurred about a century ago when its changed from an open landscape of fields and small farms: It is now the second-most-forested state in the country, after Maine, in terms of percentage of land covered by woods. There are also organizers from the Communist Party USA working in the state. This claim is also bolstered by British records of captured American POWs during the Revolutionary period, held in England, who claimed "Berwick, NH", "York, NH", and "Kittery, NH" as their home towns. Due to Oklahoma's restrictive ballot access laws (deemed by many to be the most restrictive in the nation), no third parties have access to the primary ballots, however the state does have the following active third parties: Oklahoma Libertarian Party, Green Party of Oklahoma, Oklahoma Constitution Party. There is an ongoing boundary dispute with Maine in the area of Portsmouth Harbor, with NH claiming dominion over several islands (now known as Seavey Island) that include the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard as well as to the Maine towns of Kittery and Berwick, which NH asserts were granted to it by Massachusetts prior to Maine becoming a state of its own rather than just the northern part of Massachusetts, in the Missouri Compromise of 1820. This changes the government's make-up since before the 2004 election the Democrats controlled both chambers. About 10 miles (16 km) offshore are the Isles of Shoals, nine small islands best known as the site of a 19th-century art colony founded by poet Celia Thaxter, as well as the alleged location of one of the buried treasures of the pirate Blackbeard. In the 2005 – 2006 state legislature, control is split between the major parties, the Democrats control the Senate (26 to 22) while the Republicans control the House (57 to 44). Hampton Beach is a popular local summer destination. The state has term limits for their legislature that restrict any one person to a total of twelve years service in both the house and senate. (Under some federal definitions, Pennsylvania's coast is shorter: See Footnote in "Miscellaneous"). The Senate has 48 members serving four-year terms, while the House has 101 members with two year terms. New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any coastal state, 18 miles (29 km) by state figures. Oklahoma's state legislature consists of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The largest lake is Lake Winnipesaukee, which covers 72 square miles (186 kmē) in the central part of New Hampshire. The capital of the state is Oklahoma City and its governor is Brad Henry (Democrat). The Piscataqua River and its several tributaries form the state's only significant ocean port where they flow into the Atlantic at Portsmouth. Tulsa is home to American Airlines maintenence center, the largest aircraft maintenance base in the world. Oddly, the state border is not in the center of that river, as is usually the case, but lies at the low-water mark on the Vermont side, so New Hampshire actually owns the whole river. Other major employers include MCI, TV Guide, SBC, DISH, DirecTV, USCellular, Cingular, Decision1, and Boeing. The 410 mile (670 km) Connecticut River, which starts at New Hampshire's Connecticut Lakes and flows south to Connecticut, forms the western border of New Hampshire. Major Companies based in Tulsa include Williams, Oneok, Wiltel, Quik-Trip, Mazzio's, Dollar=Thrifty, and Vanguard. Its major tributaries include the Souhegan River. The city has the nation's most inland waterport. Major rivers include the 116 mile (187 km) Merrimack River, which bisects the state north-south and ends up in Massachusetts. Tulsa is an Energy and Trade center and is a major Aerospace and Telecommunications market. See List of New Hampshire rivers. The Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area is a growing Hi-Tech region and a major Distribution and Shipping point. In the flatter southwest corner of New Hampshire another feature, the prominent landmark and tourist attraction of Mount Monadnock, has given its name to a general class of earth-forms, a monadnock signifying in geomorphology any isolated resistant peak rising from a less resitant eroded plain. Oklahoma City is home to many corporate and regional headquarters including international giants Devon Energy, Kerr McGee, OGE Energy, Chesapeake Energy, Six Flags, Sonic, Local Financial, and Dobson Communications. In consequence, a non-profit observatory is located on the peak for the purposes of observing harsh environmental conditions. The city has numerous manufacturing and processing plants as well as a growing Biotech center and a large Aviation market. With hurricane force winds every third day on the average, 100 recorded deaths among visitors, and conspicous krummholz (dwarf, matted trees much like a carpet of bonsai), the upper reaches Mount Washington claim the distinction of the " worst weather on earth". Oklahoma City is the principal economic engine of the state, centered on the Finance, Retail, Governance, Entertainment, and Tourism sectors. The Presidential Range in New Hampshire spans the central portion of the state, with Mount Washington being the tallest, and other mountains like Mount Madison and Mount Quincy Adams surrounding it. Its industrial outputs are transportation equipment, machinery, electric products, rubber and plastic products, and food processing. New Hampshire was home to the famous geological formation called the Old Man of the Mountain, a face-like profile in Franconia Notch, until May 2-3, 2003, when the symbol of New Hampshire collapsed. Its agricultural outputs are cattle, wheat, milk, poultry, and cotton. See List of mountains in New Hampshire. Its 2000 Per Capita Personal Income was $23,517, 43rd in the nation. New Hampshire's major regions are the Great North Woods, the White Mountains region, the Lakes region the Seacoast region, the Merrimack Valley region, the Monadnock region, and the Dartmouth-Lake Sunapee area. Its 1999 total gross state product was $86 billion, placing it 29th in the nation. It is bounded by Quebec, Canada to the north, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Massachusetts to the south, and Vermont to the west. Fertile fields produce vast crops of wheat. New Hampshire is part of the New England region. Millions of white-faced beef cattle graze on Oklahoma's flat plain and low hills. See List of New Hampshire counties. Thousands of oil and natural gas wells dot the Oklahoma landscape. Supporters note that almost all Vermont towns were first chartered by New Hampshire, and point out that these two states already have unusual cross-border links, with the only two interstate school districts in the United States. Oklahoma is a major fuel and food-producing state. Congress. The religious affiliations of the citizens of Oklahoma are:. New Hampshire's government has earned the positive attention of residents in neighboring states: Killington, Vermont voted on March 2, 2004 to secede from Vermont and join New Hampshire—a largely symbolic act, since actual secession would require the agreement of both states' legislatures and the U.S. The effects of rural flight in Oklahoma have mostly been felt in Western Oklahoma (those areas west of I-35). Because of this pay scale, many New Hampshire lawmakers are either wealthy or retired. "Rural flight" has led to offers of free land and tax breaks as enticements to newcomers in some of these states. State representatives and state senators are paid just $100 a year, plus mileage, effectively meaning that state laws are written by volunteers. Between 1996 and 2004 almost half a million people, nearly half with college degrees, left the six states. Based on 2000 Census data, this averages out to about one Representative for every 3090 people. 89% of the total number of cities in those states have fewer than 3000 people; hundreds have fewer than than 1000. It claims to be the third-largest legislative body in the English-speaking world, behind only the United States House of Representatives and the British House of Commons. Oklahoma, in common with five other Mid-West states (Nebraska, Kansas, North Dakota, South Dakota and Iowa), is feeling the brunt of falling populations in many communities. The New Hampshire state legislature, called the General Court, has 400 members in the House and 24 in the Senate. [2] (http://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/c2kbr01-15.pdf). The Executive Council's duties include voting on state contracts worth more than $5,000, on on nominations made by the governor to major state positions such as department heads, and all judgeships. Oklahoma also has the second highest concentration of Native Americans/Amerindians in the nation with 11.4% of the state's population, topped only by Alaska at 19% of that state's population. Unlike most states, New Hampshire does not have a Lieutenant Governor, but instead has a five-person Executive Council that is a holdover from the Governor's Council of the Colonial era. Only California has a higher Amerindian population at 682,720 [1] (http://eire.census.gov/popest/data/states/ST-EST2002-ASRO-04.php). List of New Hampshire Governors. Oklahoma has the second highest number of Native Americans/Amerindians in the country estimated at 395,219 as of 2003. Sununu was governor of the state from 1983-1988. Counties with the names of these tribes also exist. Sununu (Republican), whose father John H. Descendants of these people still live in Oklahoma today. senators are Judd Gregg (Republican) and John E. Females made up approximately 50.9% of the population. New Hampshire's two U.S. 6.8% of Oklahoma's population were reported as under 5, 25.9% under 18, and 13.2% were 65 or older. The governor of New Hampshire is John Lynch (Democrat). The 5 largest ancestry groups in Oklahoma are German (14.5%), American (13.1%), Irish (11.8%), English (9.6%), American Indian (7.9%). The New Hampshire state capital is Concord, which has also been known over time by the names Rumford and Penacook. The racial makeup of the state is:. Main article: Government of New Hampshire. Census Bureau, as of 2003, Oklahoma's population was estimated at 3,511,532 people. In the 20th Century, NH gained political renown for its First in the Nation political primaries which tended to accurately predict who would be elected President of the United States. According to the U.S. New Hampshire grew as a hotbed of Abolitionist sentiment up to the Civil War, participating in the Underground Railroad in providing safe routes into Canada, primarily via the Connecticut River waterway. Oklahoma City has also been the home of Spiritual Walk for Peace, an ongoing series of peaceful peace demonstrations in downtown Oklahoma City conducted by members of the city's religious/peace communities. In the 1830's, NH saw two major news stories: the founding of the Republic of Indian Stream on its northern border with Canada over the unresolved post-revolutionary war border issue, and the founding of the modern Republican Party by Amos Tuck and friends. Murrah Federal Building, killing 168 people. It was the first state to declare its independence, and the historic attack on Fort William and Mary (now Fort Constitution) helped supply the cannon and ammunition needed for the Battle of Bunker Hill that took place north of Boston a few months later. In 1995 Oklahoma became the scene of the Oklahoma City bombing, in which a Gulf War veteran named Timothy McVeigh bombed the Alfred P. New Hampshire was founded by Captain John Mason and first settled in 1623, just three years after the Pilgrims landed in Massachusetts and it was one of the thirteen colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. Currently, Oklahoma's liquor laws are still fairly unusual in that only 3.2 beer can be sold in grocery/convenience stores, while higher-alcohol-content beverages must be sold in liquor stores with limited hours of operations. USS New Hampshire was named in honor of this state. Also in this century came the gradual elimination of the prohibition of alcoholic beverages, first through the legalization of beverages containing 3.2% alcohol or less, then through the legalization of stronger alcoholic beverages sold only in bottles, and finally in the legalization of "liquor by the drink" in the 1980's. New Hampshire's recreational attractions include skiing and other winter sports; observing the fall foliage; the Lakes Region; and the New Hampshire International Speedway (formerly Loudon Racetrack), home of the Loudon Classic, the longest-running motorcycle race in the United States. Major trends in Oklahoma history after the Depression era included the rise again of tribal sovereignty (including the issuance of tribal automobile licenses plates, and the opening of tribal smoke shops, casinos, grocery stores and other commercial enterprises), the building of Tinker Air Force Base, the rapid growth of suburban Oklahoma City and Tulsa, the drop in population in Western Oklahoma, the oil boom of the 1980's and the oil bust of the 1990's. In 2003 it gained international attention for having the first openly gay bishop, Gene Robinson, within the Anglican Communion (the Episcopal Church in the USA). The term "Okie" in recent years has taken on a new meaning in the past few decades, with many Oklahomans (both former and present) wearing the label as a badge of honor (as a symbol of the Okie survivor attitude). Others (mostly of those alive during the Dust Bowl) still see the term negatively because they see the "Okie" migrants as being quiters. New Hampshire is home to the highest winds ever recorded on Earth: 231 mph in 1934 at the Mount Washington weather observatory in the Presidential Range. Some politicians of Oklahoma denounced the book (often without reading it) as an attempt to impugn the morals and character of the people of Oklahoma. Its state tree is the American white birch, also called paper birch or canoe birch. The negative images of the "Okie" as a sort of rootless migrant laborer living in a near-animal state of scrounging for food greatly offended many Oklahomans. Its state bird is the purple finch. This migration is chronicled in The Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck, and also in photographs by Dorothea Lange and in the songs of Woody Guthrie. Its state flower is the purple lilac. This forced many small farmers to flee the state altogether. The nickname has also been embraced for reflecting the state's attachment to tradition and limited government. During the height of the Great Depression, drought and non-ecologically-friendly agricultural practices led to the Dust Bowl, when large tracts of arable land were blown away in massive dust storms. New Hampshire's state nickname is "the Granite State" because it has numerous granite quarries, although that industry has declined greatly in recent decades. Main article: Dust Bowl. presidential elections, and has probably the most famous of all state mottos: "Live free or die". There were several race riots, including the Tulsa Race Riot, one of the worst in American history. It is the site of the New Hampshire primary, the first primary in the U.S. The Ku Klux Klan was also active, denouncing Blacks, Catholics, and Jews. Census Bureau estimate). The Industrial Workers of the World tried to gain headway during this period, but achieved little success. The state ranks 46th of the 50 states in land area (23,249 km2) and 41st in population (around 1.3 million by a 2003 U.S. The party was later crushed into virtual non-existence during the "white terror" that followed the ultra-reprsessive environment following the Green Corn Rebellion and the World World I era paranoia against anyone who spoke against the war or capitalism. It is located east of Vermont, north of Massachusetts, south of Quebec, Canada, and west of Maine and the North Atlantic Ocean. The state party also delivered Presidential candidateEugene Debs some of his highest vote counts in the nation. state in northern New England. Much of their success came from their willingness to reach out to Black and American Indian voters (they were the only party to continue to resist Jim Crow laws), and their willingness to alter traditional Marxist idealogy when it made sense to do so (the biggest changes were the party's support of widespread small-scale land ownership, and their willingness to use religion positively to preach the "Socialist gospel"). New Hampshire is a small U.S. The Oklahoma Socialist Party did achieve a fair degree of success in this era (the party had its highest per-capita membership in Oklahoma at this time with 12,000 dues paying members in 1914), including the publication of dozens of party newspapers and the election of several hundred local elected officials. The New Hampshire (University of New Hampshire's student-run newspaper since 1911). Northern Tulsa was known as Black Wall Street because of the vibrant business, cultural, and religious community that had sprung up there. Hippo Press (Manchester and Nashua editions). The white towns were also segregated. New Hampshire Business Review (statewide). There were also "black towns", in which blacks tried to make a life of their own, separate from whites. The New Hampshire Gazette Portsmouth alternative bi-weekly, arguably the oldest paper in America (although other publications also make that claim). Many different groups had flooded into the state and were trying to figure out how to live. Source: US Dept of Commerce, "US Coastline by States" cited on Page 606 of the 2003 "World Almanac". For Oklahoma, the early 1900s were also somewhat turbulent politically. Pennsylvania's number apparently comes because a portion of the Delaware River on its s eastern border is tidal. The prosperity of the 1920s can be seen in the surviving architecture from the period, including one which was converted into the Philbrook Museum. Based on these concepts, Pennsylvania has a saltwater coastline of 0 miles , so it cannot be considered for ranking in a discussion of saltwater coastlines, but when the more detailed measurement of shoreline is used, Pennsylvania has a saltwater shoreline of 89 miles versus 131 for New Hampshire, giving Pennsylvania a shorter ocean shore. Many of the "old money" elite families of Oklahoma can date their rise to this time. The coastline is a generalized measurement of the shore configuration, whereas the shoreline is the most detailed measurement practical and includes measurements for offshore islands and other features such as inlets and rivers to the head of a narrow tidewater. Many whites flooded into the state to make money. Official figures recognize two coastal concepts, the coastline and the shoreline. Huge pools of underground oil were discovered in places like Glenpool. EXTENDED FOOTNOTE on coastline. In the early 1900s the oil business began to get underway. New Hampshire is the destination of the Free State Project. state. New Hampshire is the only state with no mandatory seatbelt law for adults, no motorcycle helmet law for adults nor mandatory vehicle insurance for automobiles. On November 16, 1907, Oklahoma Territory combined with Indian Territory to become the 46th U.S. The few dozen residents of Dixville Notch all stay awake until after midnight to vote. State law grants that a town where all registered citizens have voted may close early and announce their results. Finally, the 1898 Curtis Act abolished tribal jurisdiction over all of Indian Territory. to vote in presidential primaries and the presidential election. Also, in 1893, Congress set up the Dawes Commission to negotiate agreements with each of the Five Civilized Tribes for the allotment of tribal lands to individual Indians. In northern New Hampshire the town of Dixville Notch is traditionally the first city or town in the U.S. The Cherokee Strip was opened to settlement by land run in 1894. This was done to preserve Franconia Notch, the site of the Old Man of the Mountain, a rock formation visible from Interstate 93 in Franconia. The formation, the state symbol, fell apart due to natural erosion on May 3, 2003. Chicago meat-packing plants had leased it from the Cherokees for huge cattle ranches. a single northbound lane and a single southbound lane) with a cobblestone median. The Cherokee Outlet was part of the lands ceded to the government in the 1866 treaty but with the Cherokees retaining access. New Hampshire has the only piece of Interstate highway that is two-lane (i.e. In 1893 the government purchased the rights to settle the "Cherokee Outlet", or "Cherokee Strip", from the Cherokee Nation. New Hampshire has also registered an official tartan with the proper authorities in Scotland; this tartan is used to make kilts worn by the State Police while they serve during the games. The Organic Act of 1890 created the Oklahoma Territory out of the Unassigned Lands and No Man's Land. New Hampshire is host to the New Hampshire Highland Games, formerly the Scottish Games. Some of the settlers were called "Sooners" because they had already staked their land claims before the land was officially opened for settlement. Many liquor stores are located near state lines, often on interstate highways (with their own exits). It was to be the first of a number of "Land runs" (due to widespread cheating later land openings were conducted by means of a lottery). This system generates millions of dollars annually for the state and results in liquor being so cheap that it attracts many out-of-state customers. Congress which would open up the Unassigned Lands (some 2 million acres (8,000 kmē), for settlement on April 22nd. Like several states, New Hampshire requires all hard liquor to be sold in state-owned, state-run stores. On March 23, 1889, President Benjamin Harrison signed legislation by the U.S. As of 2003, all but about two dozen communities in the state provided public kindergarten with local property-tax money. The Dawes Act excluded the Five Civilized Tribes. New Hampshire is the only state that does not mandate public kindergarten, partly out of frugality and lack of funding, and partly out of belief in local control, a philosophy under which towns and cities, not the state, make as many decisions as possible. Following settlement, many whites accused Republican officials of giving preferential treatment to ex-slaves in land disputes. (List of other states without personal income taxes). Under the allotment system, tribal lands left over would be surveyed for settlement by non-Indians. There are no general sales or individual income taxes in New Hampshire, though the state does have meals, lodging, and other taxes. Congress passed the Dawes Act, or General Allotment Act, in 1887 requiring the government to negotiate agreements with the tribes to divide Indian lands into individual holdings. [2] (http://www.factmonster.com/spot/mlkhistory1.html). The government at first resisted but the Congress soon enacted laws authorizing settlement. In 1999 New Hampshire changed the name of Civil Rights Day to Martin Luther King Day. Payne, the United States District Court in Topeka, Kansas, ruled that settling on the lands ceded to the government by the Indians under the 1866 treaties was not a crime. [1] (http://www.state.nh.us/nhinfo/fast.html). In 1884, in United States vs. Traditionally observed on the 4th Thursday in April, from 1949 was observed as a legal holiday on the 4th Monday in April until 1991 when it was replaced by Civil Rights Day. "That is land that can be owned by no man," the judge said, and after that the panhandle was referred to as No Man's Land until statehood arrived decades later. New Hampshire was the last of the New England states to observe Fast Day, a day of prayer for a bountiful harvest. In the 1880s, early settlers of the state's very sparsely populated Panhandle region tried to form the Cimarron Territory, but lost a lawsuit against the federal government, prompting a judge in Paris, Texas, to unintentionally create a moniker for the area. Manchester Wolves. They referred to the Unassigned Lands as Oklahoma and to themselves as Boomers. Manchester Monarchs. In the 1870s a movement began by people wanting to settle the government lands in the Indian Territory under the Homestead Act of 1862. New Hampshire Fisher Cats. Some nations were integrated racially and otherwise with their slaves, but other nations were extremely hostile to the former slaves and wanted them exiled from their territory. Nashua Pride. Furthermore the practice of slavery was outlawed. It contains Lebanon College and the Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center and is the location of many malls along the Connecticut River that draw Vermont shoppers avoiding that state's sales tax. Another concession allowed railroads to cross Indian lands. Lebanon known as "The City of Fountains" is the least-populated community in NH organized as a city. Some of the land was given to other tribes, but the central part, the so-called Unassigned Lands, remained with the government. Peterborough is the inspiration for the town of Grover's Corners portrayed in Thornton Wilder's play Our Town. Most of the land in central and western Indian Territory was ceded to the government. Salem contains The Mall at Rockingham Park, frequented by many Massachusetts residents who wish to avoid paying taxes in their home state. After the Civil War, in 1866, the federal government forced the tribes into new treaties. Keene is the home to one of the state's public colleges. There were several battles fought in Oklahoma. Keene is still called "The Elm City" despite the fact that Dutch elm disease destroyed most of the city's elm trees in the 1930s. However, in 1861 the Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Seminoles, Quapaws, Senecas, Caddos, Wichitas, Osage Nation, and Shawnees signed treaties of alliance with the Confederacy. The Merrimack River runs through the city and once provided water power to a thriving mill industry along its banks. During the American Civil War many tribes were internally split between Confederates and Yankees. Manchester, the largest city in the state and known as the "Queen City", Manchester, has a main street (Elm Street) which is a dead-end at both ends. They also brought their African slaves to Oklahoma, which added to African-American population in the region. Non-Religious – 9%. The five civilized tribes set up towns such as Tulsa, Tahlequah, and Muskogee, which became some of the larger towns in the state. Other Religions – 2%. Compare Yellow peril. Other Christian – 3%. Okla roughly means "the people" and homa means "red". Alternatively, this may be a French name: "Okla" is "ochre" and "homa" is "homme", as the Indians were known by Louisiana Cajuns. Roman Catholic – 41%. The name Oklahoma comes from the language of the Choctaw people, who came in the 1830s. Protestant – 41%. Nations such as the Delaware, from the northeast US, Kiowa, Comanche, and others were forced to move to Oklahoma. 1.1% mixed race. The "Five Civilized Tribes" were not the only ones forced to Oklahoma. 0.2% American Indian. There were already many tribes living in the territory, whites, and escaped slaves as well. 0.7% Black. The end of the Trail of Tears (Tsa La Gi) was "Indian Territory". 1.3% Asian. In the 1830s Oklahoma, as the Indian Territory, served as the relocation area for the policy of Indian Removal started by Andrew Jackson. 1.7% Hispanic. Later on Oklahoma was part of the vast territorial swapping going on between European powers France and Spain. 95.1% White (making New Hampshire the third "whitest" state, trailing Maine and Vermont). In the 16th century Spanish explorers became the first Europeans to visit the area. Oklahoma was inhabited by Native American tribes including the Kitikiti'sh (Wichita) Quapaw, Caddo and Osage. Descendants of these peoples still live in the state. Oklahoma has the heaviest thunderstorms in the entire world ('Tornado alley'), because of the cold and warm air colliding. These ecoregions are: Western high plains, Southwestern Tablelands, Central Great Plains, Tall Grass Praire, Cross Timbers, Caves & Praire, Ozark Highlands, Ozark Forest, Hardwood Forest, Ouachita Mountains, and Cypress Swamps & Forests. From a bioregional perspective, Oklahoma is recognized by the EPA as having 11 different ecoregions (one of only 4 US states to have more than 10 ecoregions). Popular but "unofficial" regional designations include Green Country (most often used to refer to Northeastern Oklahoma but used by some to refer to all of Eastern Oklahoma), Little Dixie (Southeastern Oklahoma), Western Oklahoma, and the Oklahoma Panhandle. The Oklahoma Tourism Department breaks the state down into six "countries" for tourism promotion purposes: Red Carpet Country (Northwestern Oklahoma and The Panhandle), Great Plains Country (Southwestern Oklahoma), Frontier Country (Central Oklahoma, including the Oklahoma City Metropolitan area), Green Country (Northeastern Oklahoma, including the Tulsa Metropolitan area), Kiamichi Country (Southeastern Oklahoma), and Lake & Trail Country (South Central Oklahoma). There have been several schemes used to breakdown Oklahoma into regions. The state is one of the six states on the Frontier Strip. Oklahoma's natural terrain is very diverse, ranging from Oak-Hickory mixed forest in the Eastern well-watered part of the state, to the Post Oak/Black Jack Oak savanah territory of the Cross Timbers, to the plains and semi-arid regions of Western Oklahoma and the Oklahoma panhandle. Oklahoma City is the capital and largest city. Oklahoma is bounded on the north by Kansas, the northwest by Colorado, on the west and south by New Mexico and Texas (with part of the Texas border delineated by the Red River), and on the east by Missouri and Arkansas. postal abbreviation is OK; others abbreviate the state's name Okla. As of 2000, the population is 3,450,654. Oklahoma is a southwestern state of the United States and its U.S. Tulsa Talons (Arena Football: AF2). Tulsa Oilers (Ice Hockey: CHL). Oklahoma Storm (Basketball: USBL). Oklahoma City Lightning (Women's Football: NWFA). Oklahoma City Yard Dawgz (Arena Football: AF2). Oklahoma City Blazers (Ice Hockey: CHL). Tulsa Drillers (AA in Tulsa). Oklahoma RedHawks (AAA in Oklahoma City). 1% Some Other Religion. 6% Don't Know. 7% No religion. 1% Other Christian. 5% Churches of Christ. 8% Roman Catholic. 9% Methodist. 30% Other Protestant. 33% Baptist. 86% Christian
7.6% Black. 7.9% American Indian. 76.2% White. Interstate 644. Interstate 444. Interstate 244. Interstate 44
Interstate 40
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