Neon

Elevated ²⁰Ne abundances are also found in diamonds, further suggesting a solar neon reservoir in the Earth. Many other palms are widely planted, with the Japanese Trachycarpus wagnerianus being grown successfully as far north as Iceland. The ²⁰Ne-enriched components are attributed to exotic primordial rare gas components in the Earth, possibly representing solar neon. Southern Europe has two native palms, Chamaerops humilis (widespread, but mainly seen in Portugal, Spain, France, Italy and Malta) and Phoenix theophrastii (Crete; also southern Turkey). The neon isotopic content of these mantle-derived samples represent a non-atmospheric source of neon. The desert areas of Nevada, Arizona, Utah and New Mexico are also home to some native palms. Similar to xenon, neon content observed in samples of volcanic gases are enriched in ²⁰Ne, as well as nucleogenic ²¹Ne, relative to ²²Ne content. There have even been known species of transplanted palms that have survived as far north as southern New Jersey [1].

This suggests that neon will be a useful tool in determining cosmic exposure ages of surficial rocks and meteorites. Some palms can be grown as far north as Maryland, Arkansas, and even up along the Pacific coast to Oregon and Washington. By analyzing all three isotopes, the cosmogenic component can be resolved from magmatic neon and nucleogenic neon. The southeastern state of South Carolina is nicknamed the Palmetto State because of the number of palms that line the state's Atlantic coast. This isotope is generated by spallation reactions on magnesium, sodium, silicon, and aluminium. In the United States, different types of palm trees can be seen in tropical and mediterranean climate areas, such as Florida, (southern) California and Hawaii and along the Gulf Coast through southern Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana to Texas. Isotopic analysis of exposed terrestrial rocks has demonstrated the cosmogenic production of ²¹Ne. For more details, see hardy palms.

The net result yields a trend towards lower ²⁰Ne/²²Ne and higher ²¹Ne/²²Ne ratios observed in uranium-rich rocks such as granites. The three most cold-tolerant species are Trachycarpus fortunei, native to eastern Asia, and Rhapidophyllum hystrix and Sabal minor, both native to the southeastern United States. The alpha particles are derived from uranium-series decay chains, while the neutrons are mostly produced by secondary reactions from alpha particles. Few palms tolerate severe cold, and the majority of the species are tropical or subtropical. The principal nuclear reactions which generate neon isotopes are neutron emission, alpha decay reactions on ²⁴Mg and ²⁵Mg, which produce ²¹Ne and ²²Ne, respectively. See list of Arecaceae genera for a complete listing. In contrast, ²⁰Ne is not known to be nucleogenic and the causes of its variation in the Earth have been hotly debated. Economically important genera include:.

²¹Ne and ²²Ne are nucleogenic and their variations are well understood. Palms first appear in the fossil record around 70-80 million years ago, during the late Cretaceous Period. Neon has three stable isotopes: ²⁰Ne (90.48%), ²¹Ne (0.27%) and ²²Ne (9.25%). The Palm Sunday festival uses palms, hence the name. In addition, neon forms an unstable hydrate. Palm sap is sometimes fermented to produce palm wine. The ions, Ne⁺, (NeAr)⁺, (NeH)⁺, and (HeNe⁺), have been observed from optical and mass spectrometric research. Several species are harvested for heart of palm.

Argon, in contrast, is heavier than air and so remains within Earth's atmosphere. Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil produced by the oil palms in the genus Elaeis. Neon, like water vapor, is lighter than air; unlike water vapor, which condenses into a liquid below the stratosphere and is thus trapped in Earth's atmosphere, neon may slowly leak out into space, which explains its scarcity on Earth. The Date Palm, Rattans, and Coconut also belong to this family. Neon is a rare gas that is found in the Earth's atmosphere at 1 part in 65,000 and is produced by supercooling air and fractionally distilling it from the resulting cryogenic liquid. The type member of this family is the areca palm, the fruit of which is chewed with the betel leaf and often confused with it. Neon is usually found in the form of a gas with molecules consisting of a single neon atom. Of all the families of plants, the Arecaceae is the most easily recognizable as distinct by most persons.

Neon (Greek neos meaning "new") was discovered by Scottish chemist William Ramsay and English chemist Morris Travers in 1898. There are 202 currently known genera with around 2,600 species, most of which are restricted to tropical or subtropical climates. Other uses:. Arecaceae (also known as Palmae), the Palm Family, is a family of flowering plants, belonging to the monocot order, Arecales. The word "neon" is also used generically for these types of lights when in reality many other gases are used to produce different colors of light. Moore, Jr. (Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas). The reddish-orange color that neon emits in neon lights is widely used to make advertising signs. Genera palmarum: a classification of palms based on the work of Harold E.