Nelson Rockefeller

Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979) was a Governor of New York and the 41st Vice President of the United States of America from December 19, 1974 to January 20, 1977.

Early years

"Rocky," as he was called, was born in Bar Harbor, Maine. A member of the prominent Rockefeller family, he was the son of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and the grandson of oil tycoon John D. Rockefeller and Senator Nelson W. Aldrich of Rhode Island, for whom he was named. He was also the brother of Governor Winthrop Rockefeller of Arkansas and the uncle of Governor and Senator John Davison Rockefeller, IV of West Virginia. Nelson Rockefeller was born on the same day of the year as his paternal grandfather, and from childhood was the leader of the five Rockefeller brothers, John, Nelson, Laurance, Winthrop, and David. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1930, where he was a member of the Psi Upsilon fraternity and the Casque & Gauntlet Society.

Political career

Rockefeller worked for a time in several family-run businesses and philanthropies before entering public service. He became an Assistant Secretary of State during World War II, where he ran the propaganda operation for Central and South America. After the war he headed the International Development Advisory Board, part of Truman's Point Four Program.

The election of fellow-Republican Dwight Eisenhower to the presidency saw Rockefeller appointed first as chair of the President's Advisory Committee on Government Organization and later as an undersecretary in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Gov. Rockefeller meets with President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1968

Governor of New York

Rockefeller left federal service in 1956 to concentrate on New York state politics, where he served in various capacities before being elected governor (winning with a plurality of over 600,000 in a year mostly dominated by state Democrats).

He served as governor of New York from 1959 to 1973 (elected to four terms, he served three and a half). As governor of New York, he successfully secured the passage of extremely strict laws against the possession and/or sale of drugs; these laws — which became known as the "Rockefeller drug laws" — took effect in 1973 and are still on the books, and rank among the toughest in the United States: The mere possession of four ounces or more of such drugs as heroin and cocaine — or the sale of two ounces or more of the same substances — carries the same penalties as those imposed for second-degree murder. Despite this, he was still considered one of the leaders of the moderate wing of the Republican Party of the United States, and is hailed as an example of one of the chief figures of the "1960s and 1970s Republican" movement. Compared to other Republicans, Rockefeller was a liberal, and Republicans who hold views similar to his are often referred to as "Rockefeller Republicans".

Rockefeller engaged in massive building endeavors that left a profound mark on New York State. He was the driving force in turning the State University of New York into the largest system of public higher education in the United States. He also created many major highways (such as the Long Island, the Southern Tier, the Adirondack, and Interstate 81) which vastly improved road transportation in New York State. To create more low-income housing, Rockefeller created the unprecedented-in-its-power New York State Urban Development Corporation (UDC), which could override local zoning, condemn property, and create creative financing schemes to carry out desired development. (UDC is now called the Empire State Development Corporation, which forms a unit, along with the formerly independent Job Development Authority, of Empire State Development.)

Rockefeller's massive construction programs (not just the aforementioned, but others such as the US$2 billion Albany South Mall (later renamed the Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza) project—the most expensive project that had ever been undertaken by any US state government), his generous pension programs for many public workers in the state (firefighers, many police officers, sanitation workers, and corrections officers), and highest-in-the-nation minimum wage that he was able to push through the legislature (or carry out through some existing public-benefit authority such as the UDC) greatly drove up costs and debt in the state. Public-benefit authorities (some 230 of them, like UDC, were brought into existence by Rockefeller) were often used to issue bonds in order to avoid the requirement of a vote of the people for the issuance of a bond; such authority-issued bonds bore higher interest than if they had been issued directly by the state. The state budget went from US$2.04 billion in 1959-60 (Rockefeller's first year in office) to US$8.8 billion in 1973-74 (at the end of Rockefeller's time in office). This occurred on top of a state economy that was in significant decline.

Rockefeller also reformed the governance of New York City's transportation system. He created the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority in 1965, which merged the New York City subway system with the publicly-owned Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority and the Long Island Rail Road and Metro North Railroad, which were purchased by the state from private owners. In taking over control of the Triborough authority, Rockefeller overcame Robert Moses, who controlled several of New York state's public infrastructure authorities. Under the New York MTA, toll revenue collected from the bridges and tunnels, which had previously been used to build more bridges, tunnels, and highways, were shifted to support public transport operations.

Presidential campaigns

Rockefeller's dream was the presidency; he spent millions in attempts in 1960, 1964, and 1968. His bid in 1960 was ended early when then-Vice President Richard Nixon surged ahead in the polls; after quitting the campaign Rockefeller backed Nixon enthusiastically, and concentrated his efforts on introducing more moderate stances into Nixon's platform.

Rockefeller was considered the front-runner for the 1964 campaign against the more conservative Barry Goldwater of Arizona (Nixon had declined to run after losing to Pat Brown in the 1962 California gubernatorial election). However, Rockefeller's divorce and quick remarriage to a woman (who had until then been married to someone else) twenty years his junior turned many people off. After polls predicted Rockefeller would win the California primary, he lost by a slim margin and dropped out of the race, endorsing Goldwater (but more hesitantly than he had previously supported Nixon). Rockefeller lost again to Nixon in 1968.

Rockefeller left office as governor in 1973 in what was rumored at the time to be a move toward a fourth bid for the presidency; however this never materialized. Some analysts speculated that his appointment to the vice presidency by Gerald Ford was calculated to forestall a Rockefeller presidential campaign in 1976.

Vice President of the United States

Vice President Rockefeller shows his feelings towards a group of hecklers during a speech in 1976

Following the resignation of President Richard Nixon, successor Gerald Ford nominated Rockefeller to serve as the 41st Vice President of the United States. Currently, Rockefeller is the last governor to have served as Vice President.

Rockefeller underwent a lengthy series of Congressional hearings but ultimately was confirmed, beginning his service on December 19, 1974. He became the 2nd Vice President to be appointed to the position under the 25th Amendment — the first being Ford himself. Less than a year later however, (on November 3, 1975), he notified President Ford that he would not seek election to the Vice Presidency in 1976, saying that he "didn't come down (to Washington) to get caught up in party squabbles which only make it more difficult for the President in a very difficult time..."

Perhaps the most memorable moment of Rockefeller's Vice Presidency occurred during a public speech at Broome County Airport in Binghamton, New York. A group of hippies started to heckle him, which obviously irritated him, causing him to retaliate by giving the group the finger, in a widely circulated photo.

Senator Robert Dole, who would be the Republican nominee to succeed Rockefeller in the 1976 election, was on hand at the speech. When questioned by an ABC reporter as to why he didn't join in with Rockefeller, Dole replied "I have trouble with my right arm," reminding them of his injury in World War II.

Received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977.

Art collector

Rockefeller was a great collector of modern art. He continued his mother's work at the Museum of Modern Art and turned the basement of his Kykuit mansion into a first-class museum. While he was overseeing construction of the State University of New York system, he agreed with his lifelong friend Roy Neuberger to build a museum on the campus of SUNY Purchase College. The Neuberger Museum, designed by Philip Johnson, hosted several paintings collected by Neuberger and helped popularize several artists. His 1933 decision to purchase and then destroy Diego Rivera's mural at Rockefeller Center, which included a portrait of Lenin, is still controversial.

Death

On January 26, 1979 Rockefeller suffered a heart attack and died. It is officially recorded that this occurred during sexual intercourse with his mistress and staff member Megan Marshak. However there is a good deal of rumour and speculation about all the details of what happened; see the Megan Marshak article for a full discussion of this.

Family wealth

The Rockefeller family is one of the most famous blue-blooded clans in America. As of 2004, Forbes estimates that the family fortune could be as much as $9 billion. Nelson Rockefeller was worth approximately $1 billion at the time of his death.

Depiction in Film

A young Nelson Rockefeller was depicted in the 1999 period film Cradle Will Rock (played by John Cusack). Rockefeller's command to destroy Diego Rivera's controversial mural Man at the Crossroads is one of the films major climactic events.

Edward Norton also played a young Nelson Rockefeller in 2002 film Frida.


This page about Nelson Rockefeller includes information from a Wikipedia article.
Additional articles about Nelson Rockefeller
News stories about Nelson Rockefeller
External links for Nelson Rockefeller
Videos for Nelson Rockefeller
Wikis about Nelson Rockefeller
Discussion Groups about Nelson Rockefeller
Blogs about Nelson Rockefeller
Images of Nelson Rockefeller

Edward Norton also played a young Nelson Rockefeller in 2002 film Frida. The Boeing employee community fund is the largest employee-owned and managed fund in the world. Rockefeller's command to destroy Diego Rivera's controversial mural Man at the Crossroads is one of the films major climactic events. The Boeing company culture has long had a tradition of strong community support. A young Nelson Rockefeller was depicted in the 1999 period film Cradle Will Rock (played by John Cusack). The two largest divisions are Boeing Commercial Airplanes and the Integrated Defense Systems group. Nelson Rockefeller was worth approximately $1 billion at the time of his death. The company debuted the product to journalists in 2005, receiving generally favorable reviews.

As of 2004, Forbes estimates that the family fortune could be as much as $9 billion. Realizing that increasing numbers of passengers have become reliant on their computers to stay in touch, Boeing is offering Connexion by Boeing, an Internet connectivity service that promises air travelers unprecedented access to the World Wide Web. The Rockefeller family is one of the most famous blue-blooded clans in America. The 777-200 Worldliner embarked on a well-received global demonstration tour in the second half of 2005, showing off its capacity to fly farther than any other commercial aircraft. However there is a good deal of rumour and speculation about all the details of what happened; see the Megan Marshak article for a full discussion of this. The 737-900 is the latest version of the venerable craft offered by Boeing and is significantly larger than previous versions. It is officially recorded that this occurred during sexual intercourse with his mistress and staff member Megan Marshak. Boeing's most successful new aircraft measured by recent orders remained the 737, for which it received orders totaling 387 new units in 2005 as reported on August 7.

On January 26, 1979 Rockefeller suffered a heart attack and died. Boeing has not officially announced that it will commence production of the 747 Advanced. His 1933 decision to purchase and then destroy Diego Rivera's mural at Rockefeller Center, which included a portrait of Lenin, is still controversial. The 747 would incorporate new engines and other design advancements associated with the 787. The Neuberger Museum, designed by Philip Johnson, hosted several paintings collected by Neuberger and helped popularize several artists. Boeing was also believed to have received strong expressions of interest for its 747 Advanced, a stretched version of its 747-400. While he was overseeing construction of the State University of New York system, he agreed with his lifelong friend Roy Neuberger to build a museum on the campus of SUNY Purchase College. Although Boeing lost to Airbus in total orders at a recent Paris airshow, it continued to impress analysts with orders for its 787 Dreamliner, which outnumber those for Airbus's revamped A350, and an overall rebound in orders that promised to allow Boeing to outproduce Airbus in the near future.

He continued his mother's work at the Museum of Modern Art and turned the basement of his Kykuit mansion into a first-class museum. Expectations for the year 2005 ran high for Boeing. Rockefeller was a great collector of modern art. Customers rumored to be interested include Lufthansa, EVA Airways, ILFC, GECAS and Emirates. Received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977. The freighter will be based on the 777-200LR. When questioned by an ABC reporter as to why he didn't join in with Rockefeller, Dole replied "I have trouble with my right arm," reminding them of his injury in World War II. In November 2004, Boeing announced it will offer a cargo version of the popular 777 model.

Senator Robert Dole, who would be the Republican nominee to succeed Rockefeller in the 1976 election, was on hand at the speech. Several orders for the Wedgetail AEW&C aircraft are expected as well. A group of hippies started to heckle him, which obviously irritated him, causing him to retaliate by giving the group the finger, in a widely circulated photo. Boeing also received the launch contract from the US Navy for the Multimission Maritime Aircraft, an anti-submarine warfare patrol aircraft. Perhaps the most memorable moment of Rockefeller's Vice Presidency occurred during a public speech at Broome County Airport in Binghamton, New York. Currently, the 787 orderbook stands at over 250 airframes with orders from Northwest Airlines, Continental Airlines, Japan Airlines, Icelandair and a conglomeration of Chinese carriers. Less than a year later however, (on November 3, 1975), he notified President Ford that he would not seek election to the Vice Presidency in 1976, saying that he "didn't come down (to Washington) to get caught up in party squabbles which only make it more difficult for the President in a very difficult time...". Finally, Boeing achieved several consecutive successes, beginning with the formal launch of the 787 for delivery to All Nippon Airways and Air New Zealand.

He became the 2nd Vice President to be appointed to the position under the 25th Amendment — the first being Ford himself. Airbus has also retaliated against Boeing, reopening the dispute and also accusing Boeing of receiving subsidies from the US government. Rockefeller underwent a lengthy series of Congressional hearings but ultimately was confirmed, beginning his service on December 19, 1974. However, in June 2005, Boeing and the United States government reopened the trade dispute with the WTO, claiming that Airbus had received illegal subsidies from European governments. Currently, Rockefeller is the last governor to have served as Vice President. In January 11, the two parties (Boeing and Airbus) agreed that they would attempt to find a solution to the dispute outside of the WTO. Following the resignation of President Richard Nixon, successor Gerald Ford nominated Rockefeller to serve as the 41st Vice President of the United States. also complained that the investment subsidies from Japanese airlines violated the accord.

Some analysts speculated that his appointment to the vice presidency by Gerald Ford was calculated to forestall a Rockefeller presidential campaign in 1976. Moreover, the E.U. Rockefeller left office as governor in 1973 in what was rumored at the time to be a move toward a fourth bid for the presidency; however this never materialized. Government. Rockefeller lost again to Nixon in 1968. Airbus retaliated by filing another complaint, contesting that Boeing had also violated the accord when it received tax breaks from the U.S. After polls predicted Rockefeller would win the California primary, he lost by a slim margin and dropped out of the race, endorsing Goldwater (but more hesitantly than he had previously supported Nixon). In October 2004, Boeing filed a complaint at the World Trade Organization, claiming that Airbus had violated a 1992 bilateral accord when it received what Boeing deems as "unfair" subsidies from the European Union.

However, Rockefeller's divorce and quick remarriage to a woman (who had until then been married to someone else) twenty years his junior turned many people off. Furthermore, the company was forbidden to bid for rocket contracts for a 20 month period which expired in March 2005. Rockefeller was considered the front-runner for the 1964 campaign against the more conservative Barry Goldwater of Arizona (Nixon had declined to run after losing to Pat Brown in the 1962 California gubernatorial election). In July 2003 Boeing was penalized, with the Pentagon stripping $1 billion worth of contracts away from the company and awarding them to Lockheed. His bid in 1960 was ended early when then-Vice President Richard Nixon surged ahead in the polls; after quitting the campaign Rockefeller backed Nixon enthusiastically, and concentrated his efforts on introducing more moderate stances into Nixon's platform. Lockheed argued that these documents allowed Boeing to win 21 of the 28 tendered military satellite launches. Rockefeller's dream was the presidency; he spent millions in attempts in 1960, 1964, and 1968. Lockheed alleged that a former employee; Kenneth Branch, who went to work for McDonnell Douglas and Boeing, passed 25,000 proprietary documents to his new employers.

Under the New York MTA, toll revenue collected from the bridges and tunnels, which had previously been used to build more bridges, tunnels, and highways, were shifted to support public transport operations. In June 2003 Lockheed Martin sued Boeing alleging the company had resorted to industrial espionage in 1998 to win the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) competition. In taking over control of the Triborough authority, Rockefeller overcame Robert Moses, who controlled several of New York state's public infrastructure authorities. Bell served as interim CEO (in addition to his normal duties as Boeing's CFO) until the appointment of Jim McNerney as the new Chairman, President, and CEO on June 30, 2005. He created the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority in 1965, which merged the New York City subway system with the publicly-owned Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority and the Long Island Rail Road and Metro North Railroad, which were purchased by the state from private owners. Boeing said an internal investigation revealed a "consensual" relationship between Stonecipher and a female executive that “violated the company's Code of Conduct” and "would impair his ability to lead the company." James A. Rockefeller also reformed the governance of New York City's transportation system. In March 2005 the Boeing board forced President and CEO Harry Stonecipher to resign.

This occurred on top of a state economy that was in significant decline. In October 2004 she was sentenced to nine months in jail for corruption, fined $5,000, given three years of supervised release and 150 hours of community service. The state budget went from US$2.04 billion in 1959-60 (Rockefeller's first year in office) to US$8.8 billion in 1973-74 (at the end of Rockefeller's time in office). Druyun pleaded guilty to inflating the price of the contract to favor her future employer and to passing information on the competing Airbus A330 MRTT bid (from EADS). Public-benefit authorities (some 230 of them, like UDC, were brought into existence by Rockefeller) were often used to issue bonds in order to avoid the requirement of a vote of the people for the issuance of a bond; such authority-issued bonds bore higher interest than if they had been issued directly by the state. Harry Stonecipher, former McDonnell Douglas CEO, replaced Condit. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza) project—the most expensive project that had ever been undertaken by any US state government), his generous pension programs for many public workers in the state (firefighers, many police officers, sanitation workers, and corrections officers), and highest-in-the-nation minimum wage that he was able to push through the legislature (or carry out through some existing public-benefit authority such as the UDC) greatly drove up costs and debt in the state. Sears.

Rockefeller's massive construction programs (not just the aforementioned, but others such as the US$2 billion Albany South Mall (later renamed the Nelson A. Condit and the termination of CFO Michael M. (UDC is now called the Empire State Development Corporation, which forms a unit, along with the formerly independent Job Development Authority, of Empire State Development.). The fallout of this resulted in the resignation of Boeing CEO Philip M. To create more low-income housing, Rockefeller created the unprecedented-in-its-power New York State Urban Development Corporation (UDC), which could override local zoning, condemn property, and create creative financing schemes to carry out desired development. In December 2003 the Pentagon announced the project was to be frozen while allegations of corruption by one if its former procurement staffers, Darleen Druyun (who had moved to Boeing in January) was investigated. He also created many major highways (such as the Long Island, the Southern Tier, the Adirondack, and Interstate 81) which vastly improved road transportation in New York State. In September 2003, responding to critics who argued that the lease was vastly more expensive than an outright purchase, the DOD announced a revised lease of 74 aircraft and purchase of 26.

He was the driving force in turning the State University of New York into the largest system of public higher education in the United States. The 10 year lease would give the USAF the option to purchase the aircraft at the end of the contract. Rockefeller engaged in massive building endeavors that left a profound mark on New York State. In May 2003 the US Air Force announced it would lease 100 KC-767 tankers to replace the oldest 136 of its KC-135s. Compared to other Republicans, Rockefeller was a liberal, and Republicans who hold views similar to his are often referred to as "Rockefeller Republicans". On August 2, 2005 Boeing sold its Rocketdyne rocket engine division to Pratt & Whitney. Despite this, he was still considered one of the leaders of the moderate wing of the Republican Party of the United States, and is hailed as an example of one of the chief figures of the "1960s and 1970s Republican" movement. The X-32 may have been hampered by the requirement for a redesign after several flaws were found in the original concept.

As governor of New York, he successfully secured the passage of extremely strict laws against the possession and/or sale of drugs; these laws — which became known as the "Rockefeller drug laws" — took effect in 1973 and are still on the books, and rank among the toughest in the United States: The mere possession of four ounces or more of such drugs as heroin and cocaine — or the sale of two ounces or more of the same substances — carries the same penalties as those imposed for second-degree murder. Boeing's competitor was the X-32, which lost out to Lockheed's F-35 entrant. He served as governor of New York from 1959 to 1973 (elected to four terms, he served three and a half). On October 10, 2001, against fierce competition for the contract to the JSF, Boeing lost to rival Lockheed Martin in the multi-billion dollar contract. Rockefeller left federal service in 1956 to concentrate on New York state politics, where he served in various capacities before being elected governor (winning with a plurality of over 600,000 in a year mostly dominated by state Democrats). Hopes are now focused on the newly-launched 787 as a platform of total fleet rejuvenation. The election of fellow-Republican Dwight Eisenhower to the presidency saw Rockefeller appointed first as chair of the President's Advisory Committee on Government Organization and later as an undersecretary in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. It responded by running a huge advertising campaign to promote its new motto, "Forever New Frontiers," and rehabilitate its image.

After the war he headed the International Development Advisory Board, part of Truman's Point Four Program. After several decades of numerous successes, Boeing lost ground to Europe's Airbus and subsequently lost its leadership of the market in 2003. He became an Assistant Secretary of State during World War II, where he ran the propaganda operation for Central and South America. The aircraft was informally announced at the 2005 Paris Airshow. Rockefeller worked for a time in several family-run businesses and philanthropies before entering public service. Boeing also plans to a '747 Advanced' that will compete more closely with the Airbus A380. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1930, where he was a member of the Psi Upsilon fraternity and the Casque & Gauntlet Society. However, if Boeing manages to win the contract for new USAF tankers, the 767 program might be saved.

Nelson Rockefeller was born on the same day of the year as his paternal grandfather, and from childhood was the leader of the five Rockefeller brothers, John, Nelson, Laurance, Winthrop, and David. Boeing also soon canceled the production of 717 due to slow sales, and the 767 is likely to cease production soon. He was also the brother of Governor Winthrop Rockefeller of Arkansas and the uncle of Governor and Senator John Davison Rockefeller, IV of West Virginia. More advanced versions of the 737 were beginning to compete against the older design. Aldrich of Rhode Island, for whom he was named. In 2004, Boeing canceled production of the 757 after more than a thousand were produced, with the last airplane going to Shanghai Airlines, in China. Rockefeller and Senator Nelson W. The 777-200LR has already entered flight-testing, with the first aircraft due to be delivered to Pakistan International Airlines in 2006.

and the grandson of oil tycoon John D. The Boeing 777-200LR will have the longest range of any commercial aircraft, and will be the first airliner to able to fly halfway across the planet with a commercially viable payload. Rockefeller, Jr. The Boeing 787 was formerly known as the Boeing 7E7, but the designation has since been changed. A member of the prominent Rockefeller family, he was the son of John D. Currently, Boeing is planning to introduce two new aircraft, the 787 "Dreamliner", and the ultra-long-range 777-200LR. "Rocky," as he was called, was born in Bar Harbor, Maine. The 747 is also being cannibalized by healthy sales of Boeing's own competitor, the 777-300 Series.

. the A320 has been selected by two low-cost operators (the aircraft used by these airlines has traditionally been the 737) and the very large aircraft market, the A380 has won every major order over the 747 since its launch. Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979) was a Governor of New York and the 41st Vice President of the United States of America from December 19, 1974 to January 20, 1977. Indeed Airbus is now competing in markets that Boeing once had a monopoly over, e.g. From the 1970s Airbus has increased its family of aircraft to the point where they can now offer an aircraft in every class Boeing does. In recent years Boeing has faced an increasingly competitive Airbus, which offers commonality between models and the latest fly-by-wire technology.

and the production of the MD-11 was stopped. Following the merger between Boeing and McDonnell Douglas, the McDonnell Douglas MD-95 was renamed the Boeing 717. One year later, Boeing merged with McDonnell Douglas Corp. The Rockwell products became a subsidiary of Boeing, named Boeing North American, Inc.

In 1996, Boeing merged with Rockwell International Corp.’s aerospace and defense units. The "Next-Generation 737" includes the 737-600, the 737-700, the 737-800, and the 737-900. Also in the mid-1990s, the company developed the revamped version of the B737, known as the "Next-Generation 737." It has since become the fastest-selling version of the B737 in history. by using CAD techniques.

This aircraft, affectionately known as the "triple seven," reached an important milestone by being the first airliner to be designed "entirely by computer," i.e. The longest range twin in the world, the B777 is certified to fly routes over oceans and deserted zones (see ETOPS), and is being sold very successfully. In 1994, Boeing introduced its most modern commercial jet aircraft, the twin-engine B777, with a seating capacity of 390 passengers, in between the B767 and the B747. During these years, Boeing was very active upgrading existing military equipment and developing new ones.

At the same time, several military projects went into production, like the RAH-66 Comanche helicopter, the Avenger air defense system and a new generation of short-range missiles. Boeing participated also with other products in the space program, and was the first contractor for the International Space Station. An important project of these years was the Space Shuttle, to which Boeing contributed with its experience in space rockets acquired during the Apollo era, in which the company also participated. Boeing had to offer new aircraft, and developed the single-aisle B757, the larger, twin-aisle B767, and upgraded versions of the B737.

As passenger air traffic increased, competition was harder, mainly from a European newcomer in commercial airliner manufacturing, Airbus. During the following years, commercial aircraft and their military versions became the basic equipment of airlines and air forces. Boeing assembled its 1,000th B737 passenger airliner. In 1983, the economic situation began to improve.

Larger versions have also been developed by stretching the upper deck. The B747 has undergone continuous improvements to keep it technologically up-to-date. (Airbus now offers the A380, which when delivered will be the largest operational airliner). Until 2001, Boeing had been the only aircraft manufacturer to offer such an airliner and has delivered near to 1,400 units.

This famous aircraft changed completely the way of flying, with its 450-passenger seating capacity and its upper deck. In 1970 the first B747, a four-engine long-range airliner, finally entered service. The company had to reduce the number of employees from over 80,000 to almost half, only in the Seattle area. Congress decided to stop the financial support for the development of the supersonic 2707, Boeing's answer to the British-French Concorde, forcing the company to discontinue the project.

Another problem was that, in 1971, the U.S. Boeing's bet for the future, the new B747 Jumbo Jet was delayed in production and originated much higher costs than forecasted. At that time, however, there was a heavy recession in the airlines industry so that Boeing did not receive one single order during more than one year. Once more, Boeing hoped to compensate sales with its commercial airliners.

The Apollo program in which Boeing had participated significantly during the preceding decade was almost entirely cancelled. In the beginning of the 1970s Boeing faced a new crisis. The aircraft made its first flight a year later, and its first commercial flight occurs in 1970. The roll-out ceremonies for the first 747-100 took place in 1968, at the massive new factory in Everett.

Several versions have been developed, mainly to increase seating capacity and range. The B737 is still being produced, and continuous improvements are made. It has become since then the best-selling commercial jet aircraft in aviation history. In 1967, Boeing introduced another short- and medium-range airliner, the twin-engine B737.

In 1964, Vertol also began production of the CH-46 Sea Knight. This heavy-lift helicopter remains a work-horse vehicle up to the present day. The twin-rotor CH-47 Chinook, produced by Vertol, took its first flight in 1961. The Piasecki Helicopter company was acquired by Boeing in 1960, and this became Boeing Vertol.

Although production was discontinued in 1984, at the turn of the millennium nearly 1,300 B727s were still in service at airlines around the world. The B727 was immediately well accepted as a comfortable and reliable aircraft by passengers, crews, and airlines. A few years later, Boeing introduced the B727, another commercial jet airliner of similar size, which had however three engines and was designed for medium-range routes. A few years later, Boeing added a second version of this aircraft, the B720.

With the B707, a four-engine, 156-passenger airliner, the US became leaders in commercial jet manufacture. In 1958, Boeing began delivery of its B707, the United States' first commercial jet airliner, in response to the British De Havilland Comet and the French Sud Caravelle, the world's first commercial jet aircraft. At that time the Cold War had become a fact to live with, and Boeing used its short-range missile technology to develop and build also an intercontinental missile. One of the first was the guided short-range missile used to intercept enemy aircraft.

In the mid-1950s technology had advanced very significantly, which gave Boeing the possibility to develop and manufacture totally new products. The company successfully sold military aircraft adapted for troop transportation and for aerial refueling. However, sales of this model were not as expected and Boeing had to seek other opportunities to overcome the situation. The company aimed to recover quickly by selling its Stratocruiser, a luxurious four-engine commercial airliner developed from a military aircraft.

After the war, most orders of bombers were canceled and 70,000 people lost their jobs at Boeing. Martin Co. and by Glenn L. and Douglas Aircraft Co., while the B-29 was assembled also by Bell Aircraft Co.

The Boeing-designed B-17 bomber was assembled also by Lockheed Aircraft Corp. During these years of war the leading aircraft companies of the US cooperated. To prevent an attack from the air, the plants had been covered with greenery and farmland items. In the beginning of March 1944, production had been scaled up in such a manner that over 350 planes were built each month.

Many of the workers were women whose spouses had gone to war. During World War II, Boeing built a huge number of bombers. — above most weather disturbances. This was the world's first pressurized-cabin transport aircraft, and it was capable of cruising at an altitude of 20,000 feet.

In 1938, Boeing completed work on the Model 307 Stratoliner. Subsequently other routes were opened, so that soon Pan American flew with the Boeing 314 to destinations all over the world. One year later, the first regular passenger service from the US to the UK was inaugurated. It was the largest civil aircraft of its time, with a capacity of 90 passengers on day flights, and of 40 passengers on night flights.

The first flight of the Boeing 314 Clipper was in June 1938. Shortly after, an agreement with Pan American World Airways was reached, to develop and build a commercial flying-boat able to carry passengers on transoceanic routes. Bill Boeing sold his shares, as a result. The Air Mail Act of 1934 prohibited airlines and manufacturers from being under the same corporate umbrella, so the company split into three smaller companies - Boeing Airplane Company, United Airlines, and United Aircraft Corporation, the precursor to United Technologies.

United Aircraft then purchased National Air Transport in 1930. in 1929 and acquired Pratt & Whitney, Hamilton Standard Propeller Company, and Chance Vought. The company changed its name to United Aircraft - Transport Corp. A year later, BAT, as well as Pacific Air Transport and Boeing Airplane Company merge into a single corporation.

In 1927, Boeing created an airline, named Boeing Air Transport (BAT). There he also acquired knowledge about wooden structures which was later revealed to be of value for the design and assembly of airplanes. Boeing had studied at Yale University and worked initially in the timber industry, where he became a rich man. Soon the name was changed to "Pacific Aero Products" and, in 1917, the company became the "Boeing Airplane Company." William E.

Navy engineer, and was named "B&W" after their initials. Boeing on July 15, 1916, together with George Conrad Westervelt, a U.S. The company was founded in Seattle by William E. .

(A full list of subsidiaries is included below.). Boeing's two principal divisions are Boeing Integrated Defense Systems (IDS), responsible for military and space products, and Boeing Commercial Airplanes (BCA), responsible for civil airliners. Boeing's stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. It is also the second-largest defense contractor in the world [1], and the second-largest civil aircraft manufacturer after Airbus.

The Boeing Company NYSE: BA is the leading American aircraft and aerospace manufacturer, headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, with its largest production facilities in Everett, Washington, near Seattle, Washington. Preston Aviation Solutions. Boeing Connexion. Boeing Travel Management Company.

Boeing Shared Services Group. Boeing Realty. Sea Launch (40%). Boeing Satellite Systems.

United Space Alliance (with Lockheed Martin). United Launch Alliance (with Lockheed Martin). Phantom Works. Boeing Integrated Defense Systems

    .

    SBS International. Jeppesen Sanderson. Continental Datagraphics. Alteon Training, formerly FlightSafetyBoeing.

    Airspace Safety Analysis Corporation. Aeroinfo Systems. Boeing Commercial Airplanes

      . Boeing Capital.

      Boeing Australia, Ltd. AviationPartnersBoeing, a 50/50 joint venture with Aviation Partners, Inc.